Journal articles on the topic 'Adoption Victoria'
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Seymour, E. J. "Benefits, threats and getting started with Environmental Management Systems: views of primary producers and catchment managers in Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 3 (2007): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06022.
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In Victoria, as in many parts of Australia, there is a mixed understanding of what comprises an Environmental Management System (EMS), particularly among professionals in government and industry and landholders. To help overcome this issue, the Victorian government (then Natural Resources and Environment) and the Victorian Farmers Federation formed a partnership in 2003 to promote EMS adoption and coordinate EMS activity on a statewide basis. The Natural Resources and Environment and Victorian Farmers Federation partnership held a series of 11 workshops for catchment management authority regions across Victoria. The purpose was to seek advice from primary producers and catchment managers about how EMS might realistically be implemented and promoted. This paper explores the issues raised at these workshops and the implications they have for EMS adoption and promotion in Victoria, with regard to: (i) potential benefits of implementing EMS on farms; (ii) potential threats to the implementation of EMS on farms; and (iii) how to get started with EMS. A total of 213 people participated in the workshops including 144 landholders. There were some important regional differences in the response data. Improved community perception was seen as a major benefit of EMS (13% of all responses), as were possible market benefits (12%). The major threats to implementation included perceived ‘regulatory creep’ and suspicion of government (14% of responses) and that EMS was a political instrument (13%). Primary producers and catchment managers thought that building on existing schemes and groups was an ideal way to get started with EMS. These results provide a useful basis for how EMS is promoted in Victoria. Ensuring that EMS is driven by industry without being government-heavy is perceived as very important. Better coordination between stakeholders, the provision of practical EMS products and the use of existing groups is a sensible way forward, but in practice this will be difficult to achieve.
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Quartly, Marian. "‘[W]e Find Families for Children, Not Children for Families’: An Incident in the Long and Unhappy History of Relations between Social Workers and Adoptive Parents." Social Policy and Society 11, no. 3 (March 30, 2012): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746412000097.
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Relatively little work on adoption focuses on the role of social workers. This article gives an account of the conflict between social workers and prospective adoptive parents which developed in Australia in the 1970s, taking as a case study the conflicting roles of adoptive parent advocates and professional social workers within the Standing Committee on Adoption in the Australian state of Victoria. Its overarching concern lies with the historical attitudes of the social work profession towards adoption, both domestic and intercountry, as these have changed from an embrace of both adoption and adoptive parents to mutual alienation. It concludes that the inclusive practice of radical social work could only briefly contain contesting client groups.
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Crawford, R. H., V. Paton-Cole, R. Turnbull, E. Fitzgerald, A. Michalewicz, and J. Garber. "Trends in residential sustainability measures in the state of Victoria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 022018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/2/022018.
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Abstract Buildings require a significant quantity of energy and water during their operation. Solar water heaters and rainwater tanks have become increasingly common to reduce the demand for fossil-fuel based energy and mains water within buildings. Since 2006, the Victorian Building Authority has required either a rainwater tank or solar water heater to be installed in any new house built in Victoria, Australia. This research analyses the trend in adoption of these two systems using data from building permits issued from 2006 to 2019. This shows that despite an initial preference for rainwater tanks, solar water heaters have been the preferred choice. This preference was found to be greatest for projects costing from $200k-$600k and for allotment areas smaller than 500 m2. Preference for rainwater tanks tended to increase in line with an increase in project cost and allotment area, and this preference was found to be most common in metropolitan areas. This study provides insight into the opportunities for further adoption of solar water heaters and rainwater tanks, including using information at the LGA level to develop specific business opportunities or to inform policy, such as alternative water efficiency solutions for households where allotment area may limit rainwater tank adoption.
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Race, D., and A. Curtis. "Adoption of farm forestry in Victoria: linking policy with practice." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 14, no. 3 (January 2007): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2007.10648714.
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McPhee, Gerard, and Marilyn Webster. "EXPOSING ADOPTION MYTHS: ACCESS TO INFORMATION ABOUT ORIGINS IN VICTORIA." Australian Journal of Social Issues 28, no. 2 (May 1993): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.1993.tb00922.x.
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Muir, Carlyn, Ian R. Johnston, and Eric Howard. "Evolution of a holistic systems approach to planning and managing road safety: the Victorian case study, 1970–2015." Injury Prevention 24, Suppl 1 (February 16, 2018): i19—i24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042358.
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BackgroundThe Victorian Safe System approach to road safety slowly evolved from a combination of the Swedish Vision Zero philosophy and the Sustainable Safety model developed by the Dutch. The Safe System approach reframes the way in which road safety is viewed and managed.MethodsThis paper presents a case study of the institutional change required to underpin the transformation to a holistic approach to planning and managing road safety in Victoria, Australia.ResultsThe adoption and implementation of a Safe System approach require strong institutional leadership and close cooperation among all the key agencies involved, and Victoria was fortunate in that it had a long history of strong interagency mechanisms in place. However, the challenges in the implementation of the Safe System strategy in Victoria are generally neither technical nor scientific; they are predominantly social and political. While many governments purport to develop strategies based on Safe System thinking, on-the-ground action still very much depends on what politicians perceive to be publicly acceptable, and Victoria is no exception.ConclusionsThis is a case study of the complexity of institutional change and is presented in the hope that the lessons may prove useful for others seeking to adopt more holistic planning and management of road safety. There is still much work to be done in Victoria, but the institutional cultural shift has taken root. Ongoing efforts must be continued to achieve alert and compliant road users; however, major underpinning benefits will be achieved through focusing on road network safety improvements (achieving forgiving infrastructure, such as wire rope barriers) in conjunction with reviews of posted speed limits (to be set in response to the level of protection offered by the road infrastructure) and by the progressive introduction into the fleet of modern vehicle safety features.
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Davey, Bill, and Arthur Tatnall. "Using ANT to Guide Technological Adoption." International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 4, no. 4 (October 2012): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jantti.2012100103.
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In this article, the authors present the adoption and use of school management software in Victoria, Australia as an example of the use of actor-network theory to explain technological adoption. It examines three examples of school management software and identifies the actors and interactions relating to each of these. The use of three cases in the same environment provides an interesting insight possible by the comparison across the cases. The main goal of the article is to identify and analyse the factors that influence decisions to adopt this software and, once adopted, to determine how it might be used. Like other socio-technical research, in this case one has to consider the interactions between various human and non-human actors, and these are examined in the article. The article also looks at how an ANT analysis might be useful in guiding and facilitating such adoption in the future.
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Davey, Bill, and Arthur Tatnall. "Two Computer Systems in Victorian Schools and the Actors and Networks Involved in their Implementation and Use." International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 5, no. 3 (July 2013): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jantti.2013070104.
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As in Australia school education is the responsibility of State Governments, this article will consider two computer systems in the Australian State of Victoria. The article takes a socio-technical stance to examine two computer systems currently in use in schools in Victoria: CASES21 and the Ultranet. After describing these systems, the article makes use of actor-network theory to explore the actors involved in their creation, development, implementation and use (or in one case non-use), and the networks they established in doing so. It looks at the associations involving both the human and non-human actors and how these contributed to successful adoption and use of these systems. A comparison of two systems within the same organisational environment allows a unique perspective on the formation of networks. The ANT approach permits an understanding of the difference in adoption where very few factors differ between the cases.
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Mary, Orinda, Okuto Erick, and Abwao Martin. "Cage fish culture in the lake victoria region: Adoption determinants, challenges and opportunities." International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 13, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijfa2020.0798.
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Khan, Urooj Raza, Christopher Pearce, Tanveer Zia, and Kaushalya Perera. "User Acceptance of My Health Record System in General Practices." International Journal of Cyber-Physical Systems 1, no. 1 (January 2019): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcps.2019010102.
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The user acceptance of technology determines its success and failure. Digital health is having a major impact on the improvement of health care and its delivery. My Health Record (MyHR) is the digital health solution that Australia implemented nationally to facilitate accessibility of health summaries data anywhere and anytime. The objective of this study is to explore the adoption of MyHR in general practices – one of the vital key players – in the state of Victoria. This article presents the current status of adoption in these general practices, using the lens of a proposed conceptual framework. This framework is based on a novel integrated model of user acceptance that merges three well-known user acceptance theories with some contextualisation to MyHR. It enables a comprehensive review of current system adoption, as well as factors such as the organisation, technology, people and perceived task fitness.
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Butlinski, Anna, Heather Rowe, Christopher Goddard, and Nicholas Freezer. "The adoption of children from out-of-home care: how decision-makers explain the low rates of adoption in Victoria, Australia." Journal of Public Child Welfare 13, no. 2 (July 27, 2018): 170–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2018.1498428.
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Oyaro, HO, CO Gor, M. Ocaido, EO Okul, and E. Okuto. "Determinants of acceptability of cricket consumption and adoption for improved food security among riparian communities of the Victoria basin, Kenya." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 22, no. 5 (July 19, 2022): 20383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.110.21650.
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The dynamics of weather variation have overstretched animal protein from already overburdened environment; malnutrition is likely to be on the rise with human population growth projected at 9.7 billion by 2050. This has seen cricket consumption for household food security increasing in the past decade. Cricket (acheta domesticus) farming can contribute positively to solving malnutrition problems being experienced among the riparian communities in the Kenyan Lake Victoria Basin. Cricket farming presents a livelihood diversification strategy that can help buffer rural households against food insecurity and provide an alternative source of income. However, its adoption as an alternative source of protein for improved household food security has remained low among smallholder farmers. The study investigated determinants of acceptability of cricket consumption and its influence on adoption for farming as an alternative source of food. The study employed a mixed methods research approach to collect quantitative and qualitative data from 120 trained cricket farmers from selected riparian counties including Siaya, Kisumu and Homa Bay in Kenyan Victoria basin. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression model were used to summarize quantitative data while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data by thematic arrangements and similarities across different investigation areas. Based on data analyzed, the results indicated that cultural beliefs, perception and attitude such as cultural value attached to cricket consumption (p = 0.021), crickets are sweet and tender than poultry (p = 0.037) as well as age with a p<0.028, had statistical significance on acceptability to cricket consumption. On the other hand, regression β coefficient of awareness, access and availability were found to have no association with the adoption of cricket farming. The study recommended that: first, the government formulates a policy on farming edible insects as mini-livestock and improved food security. Secondly, further study is needed to determine possible strategies for changing attitude towards cricket consumption for increased adoption by smallholder farmers. Key words: Food security, malnutrition, cricket, acceptability, consumption, culture, attitude, communities, adoption
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Clarke, Brydie, Janelle Kwon, Boyd Swinburn, and Gary Sacks. "Understanding the dynamics of obesity prevention policy decision-making using a systems perspective: A case study of Healthy Together Victoria." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245535.
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Introduction Despite global recommendations for governments to implement a comprehensive suite of policies to address obesity, policy adoption has been deficient globally. This paper utilised political science theory and systems thinking methods to examine the dynamics underlying decisions regarding obesity prevention policy adoption within the context of the Australian state government initiative, Healthy Together Victoria (HTV) (2011–2016). The aim was to understand key influences on policy processes, and to identify potential opportunities to increase the adoption of recommended policies. Methods Data describing government processes in relation to the adoption of six policy interventions considered as part of HTV were collected using interviews (n = 57), document analyses (n = 568) and field note observations. The data were analysed using multiple political science theories. A systematic method was then used to develop a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) for each policy intervention. A simplified meta-CLD was generated from synthesis of common elements across each of the six policy interventions. Results The dynamics of policy change could be explained using a series of feedback loops. Five interconnected balancing loops served to reduce the propensity for policy change. These pertained to an organisational norm of risk aversion, and the complexity resulting from a whole-of-government policy approach and in-depth stakeholder consultation. However, seven virtuous reinforcing loops helped overcome policy resistance through policy actor capabilities that were improved over time as policy actors gained experience in advocating for change. Conclusion Policy processes for obesity prevention are complex and resistant to change. In order to increase adoption of recommended policies, several capabilities of policy actors, including policy skills, political astuteness, negotiation skills and consensus building, should be fostered and strengthened. Strategies to facilitate effective and broad-based consultation, both across and external to government, need to be implemented in ways that do not result in substantial delays in the policy process.
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Binks, Amanda, Brian Head, Paul Lant, and Steven Kenway. "The Transition to Improved Water-Related Energy Management: Enabling Contexts for Policy Innovation." Water 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020557.
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We explored the potential for improved policy and regulation with a direct focus on household water-related energy (WRE) management in urban Victoria (Australia). Semi-structured interviews were employed to understand the perspectives of relevant actors within the existing institutional landscape. In this paper, questions about institutional and policy change are addressed through consideration of the literature on transitions management and institutional entrepreneurship. Key policy opportunities identified by the actors include consumer education and advocacy for behaviour change and technology adoption, and further development of residential building standards to improve the selection and layout of building services at the design phase. The work highlights medium-term opportunities to create an enabling environment for policy practitioners in Victoria to improve management of water-related energy use in households. The work provides an important new perspective on transitions theory in the field of integrated resources management.
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Basera, Vitalis, Cleopas Njerekai, and Farai Utete. "Tourism Certification for Promoting Tourism Sustainability in the Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/ajhtm.v3i2.483.
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This paper examines and ranks sustainable tourism certification concerns raised by managers of the pilot certified facilities in Zimbabwe. In the broader context, these concerns could be the reasons for the low uptake of these schemes in the country and on the continent. An email questionnaire with a three-item Likert scale and follow-up telephone interviews with 13 pilot test eco-certified facilities in the country were undertaken to collect the data. The results were thematically analysed. A ranked analysis of the concerns revealed a low uptake level of the scheme and the exclusion of guests in the certification process was the most important concern. Thirteen concerns were raised to corroborate previously raised concerns. It is recommended that there should be concerted efforts towards addressing the issue of low adoption levels of this tool both at the country and continental levels.
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Lin, Vivian, and Debra Gillick. "Does workforce regulation have the intended effect? The case of Chinese medicine practitioner registration." Australian Health Review 35, no. 4 (2011): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10869.
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The Chinese Medicine Registration Act was passed through Victorian parliament in 2000, based on policy research that suggested the need for statutory registration as a means for protecting public health and safety. This paper reports on the implementation and the effect of this policy. By examining registration, complaints and prosecution data from the Chinese Medicine Registration Board as well as comparing the complaints data between 2003 and 2007 across all Victorian registration boards, this paper considers the extent to which the policy research and the policy intent were justified. Based on the experience of the Chinese Medicine Registration Board, the paper points to issues that should be further considered as Chinese medicine moves into the national registration scheme in July 2012. What is known about the topic? Australian Federal, State and Territory governments’ criteria for regulation of health professions are aimed at protecting public health and safety. As such, the extent to which the profession poses a risk to the public is a key consideration for statutory registration. Chinese medicine practitioners have been registered in Victoria since 2002 based on theoretical analysis of the Governments’ criteria, which suggested Chinese medicine to be more risky than some of the currently registered professions. What is not known, however, is whether the research undertaken before policy adoption was predictive of the outcomes following registration. What does this paper add? Reviewing the number and sources of complaints made to the Chinese Medicine Registration Board as well as registration and prosecution data, the paper demonstrates that the policy objective of protecting public health and safety was warranted, and that there is a need for similar policy beyond Victoria. Using complaints handled by boards as a proxy measure for risk, comparative analysis of data from Victorian health professions registration boards between 2003 and 2007 shows that Chinese medicine is a high risk profession. What are the implications for practitioners? With Chinese medicine practitioners coming under the national registration scheme in July 2012, some of the difficulties associated with federalism will be overcome. Other aspects of the Victorian experience will be useful in informing implementation and likely effect of the national scheme. However, the model for health professional regulation remains essentially reactive. Although the management of complaints is an essential aspect of protecting public health and safety, ongoing review of complaints data should point to more proactive efforts to prevent their occurrence.
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Clarke, Brydie, Boyd Swinburn, and Gary Sacks. "Understanding Health Promotion Policy Processes: A Study of the Government Adoption of the Achievement Program in Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 2393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112393.
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Despite the growing health and economic burden associated with overweight and obesity, preventive policy progress has been deficient globally. This study investigated the policy process involved in the adoption of the Achievement Program, a settings-based health promotion intervention that was a key pillar of the Healthy Together Victoria obesity prevention initiative. The qualitative study utilised multiple theories of the policy process, as well as Causal Loop Diagramming (CLD) methods, to understand the policy systems underlying the decision to adopt the Achievement Program. Factors that impacted this obesity prevention policy adoption included problem prioritisation at Federal and state government levels; political risks regarding policy action and inaction, and framing used by policy advocates to reduce risks and highlight the opportunities related to the Achievement Program policy implementation. The use of CLD methods was advantageous to further conceptualise potential leverage points and effective ways to influence obesity prevention policy in future. As such, the findings contribute to the obesity prevention policy evidence base and toward developing a number of recommended actions for policy actors seeking to increase future policy action.
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Horne, Paul A., Jessica Page, and Cam Nicholson. "When will integrated pest management strategies be adopted? Example of the development and implementation of integrated pest management strategies in cropping systems in Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 12 (2008): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08072.
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This paper discusses the development and implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for broadacre cropping in Victoria, Australia, with reference to other crops and also the levels of adoption of IPM in Australia and overseas. Levels and rates of adoption are mostly low but with some exceptions. The reasons for differing levels of adoption include the failure of strategies to successfully deal with all pests, the lack of motivation to change to using IPM given current successful pesticide-based controls, and the poor availability of IPM advisors in the field. This paper outlines how IPM strategies for wheat, barley and canola crops were developed and implemented using a collaborative approach between farmers, agronomists and entomologists. It was found that although there were no existing specific IPM strategies for the crops grown in the region of south-eastern Australia, there was sufficient information for farmers to start using an IPM approach. This paper gives a case study of implementing change to IPM from conventional pesticide spraying, including the development of a course in IPM for growers and agronomists. It focuses on the process of changing practices and information transfer rather than on entomological details.
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Wilson, Gai, David Legge, Paul Butler, and Maria Wright. "Best Practice in Women's Health: Outcomes, Processes and Pre-conditions." Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, no. 3 (1998): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98037.
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The pre-conditions, processes, and outcomes associated with best practice in women's health at the primary health care level are discussed. The paper draws on a study which identified projects that exemplified best practice in relation to: collaboration with consumers and communities; the adoption of a social model of health; the collaboration between providers at different levels of the health system and government; and addressing immediate health needs in a way which recognises the underlying conditions which cause ill health. The methodology involved identifying 187 recently published and documented episodes of primary health care practice. Using ratings and reports from 90 experienced referees from around Australia, the 187 case studies were reduced to 25 which the referees agreed represented 'best practice'. A more detailed investigation of these 25 studies was undertaken to determine what structures contributed to the good processes and outcomes. Of these, eight were women's health projects, with six undertaken by women's health services in Victoria. The paper outlines the kinds of outcomes, processes and pre-conditions which are associated with best practice as illustrated by one of the Victorian women's health projects. The findings from this research project provided practical, informative and useful models of best practice which can be of assistance to women, health workers, policy makers and government.
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Cuthbert, Denise, and Marian Quartly. "Adoption, fostering, permanent care and beyond Re-thinking policy and practice on out-of-home care for children in Australia." Children Australia 35, no. 2 (2010): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200000985.
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The papers published in this special issue of Children Australia were originally presented at a two day symposium held in Melbourne on 26 and 27 November 2009. The symposium, Adoption, fostering, permanent care and beyond: Re-thinking policy and practice on out-of-home care for children in Australia, was jointly convened by the Department of Human Services (DHS), Victoria and the School of Political and Social Inquiry at Monash University in conjunction with the History of Adoption in Australia project (Monash University 2009).The event was a partnership between professionals working in this area and university researchers. Each group brought different perspectives and imperatives to the table. For DHS and the sector, the immediate frame of the symposium was the major policy statement Directions for out-of-home care, announced in May 2009 by the Victorian Minister for Community Services after consultation with community service organisations and young people living in care (DHS 2009a). It announces a framework for change which incorporates action on seven fronts or ‘reform directions’. These are to support children to remain at home with their families; to provide a better choice of care placement; to promote wellbeing; to prepare young people who are leaving care to make the transition into adult life; to improve the education of children in care; to develop effective and culturally appropriate responses to the high numbers of Aboriginal children in our care; and to create a child-focused system and processes (DHS 2009a). The driving principle informing the reforms is to ensure that policy and service provision are centred on the needs and interests of children and young people, and to ensure that young people are consulted as to what their needs are (rather than assumptions being made by adults as to their needs).
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Ong, Wee Loon, Richard Khor, Michael Chao, Roger L. Milne, Jeremy Millar, and Farshad Foroudi. "Choosing Wisely in radiation therapy for breast cancer: Time lag in adoption of hypofractionated radiation therapy in Victoria." Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology 65, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1754-9485.13155.
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Andrews, S. K. T., J. Stearne, and J. D. Orbell. "Awareness and adoption of cleaner production in small to medium-sized businesses in the Geelong region, Victoria, Australia." Journal of Cleaner Production 10, no. 4 (August 2002): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-6526(01)00053-1.
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Butlinski, Anna, Heather Rowe, Christopher Goddard, and Nicholas Freezer. "The adoption of children from out-of-home care: The understandings of key decision makers in Victoria, Australia." Child Abuse & Neglect 72 (October 2017): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.011.
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Guzys, Diana, and Sharon Kendall. "Advocating for a Harm-Minimization Approach to Drug Education in Australian Schools." Journal of School Nursing 22, no. 5 (October 2006): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405060220050301.
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The concept of using a harm-minimization approach to drug education in Australian schools has existed in both national and state government policy documents for over two decades. However, this approach appears to be ineffectively and inconsistently incorporated within the curriculum. Harm minimization emphasizes strategies that reduce the harms associated with drug use and prevent related health and social problems. Traditional drug education programs that promote abstinence as the only option may not be realistic and appear to have had limited success. School nurses in the state of Victoria have a significant role in improving both the understanding and adoption of this approach through advocacy, education, and their understanding of evidence-based practice.
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Kweka, Ansila, Anna Clements, Megan Bomba, Nora Schürhoff, Joseph Bundala, Erick Mgonda, Mattias Nilsson, Elliot Avila, and Nigel Scott. "Tracking the Adoption of Electric Pressure Cookers among Mini-Grid Customers in Tanzania." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 4574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154574.
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“Are electric cooking appliances viable clean cooking solutions for mini-grids?” To help answer this question, the Access to Energy Institute (A2EI) set up a pilot project in six different mini-grid locations around Lake Victoria in Tanzania and gave 100 households an electric pressure cooker (EPC) to use in their homes. Each EPC was connected to a smart meter to collect data on how the EPCs were used. The paper presents findings from a study designed around the A2EI pilot project that aims to provide an understanding of cooking practices, the adoption of electric cooking over time, and to assess the potential for electric cooking to substitute traditional cooking fuels. Through collaboration with the Modern Energy Cooking Services (MECS) program, Nexleaf Analytics, and PowerGen, the pilot has generated data on electrical energy consumption from 92 households in six remote areas as well as a comprehensive range of other datasets gathered from 28 households in two of the locations. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of this data. It starts with an analysis of cooking practices in these communities—dishes cooked, utensils used for cooking, and choice of fuels. It goes on to examine fuel stacking behavior, and finally, it examines how people have integrated EPCs into their cooking practices before the highlighting key impacts associated with using EPCs. The answer to the original research question will be useful for different stakeholders such as utility companies, mini-grid operators, electric cooking appliance manufacturers, the clean cooking sector, and international organizations.
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Kaine, G., D. Bewsell, A. Boland, and C. Linehan. "Using market research to understand the adoption of irrigation management strategies in the stone and pome fruit industry." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 9 (2005): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01183.
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Market research was conducted to develop an extension program targeting the specific irrigation management needs of growers in the stone and pome fruit industry within the Goulburn Valley, Victoria. The process of integrating market research with extension practice proved challenging, as it required the development of an extension program that was fundamentally different from what was originally envisaged. However, it was essential to achieve this integration in order to meet the original objectives for the extension program as set by the funding body. We found, in most cases, that the motivation for stone and pome fruit growers in the Goulburn Valley to change orchard irrigation management practices was not because they needed to save water, or to increase water use efficiency. Instead, growers were changing practices in order to save time irrigating, improve the scope for managerial flexibility in the orchard, or when redeveloping their orchard to a closer planting design. These findings suggest that growers in the Goulburn Valley are more likely to respond to an extension program consistent with these motivations rather than a program promoting water use efficiency.
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Rose, David. "Quality initiatives in the alcohol and other drug treatment sector." Australian Journal of Primary Health 14, no. 2 (2008): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py08023.
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Quality improvement has recently become a key focus of the alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment sector through initiatives such as accreditation, workforce development and the adoption of an evidence-based practice approach. While this attention on quality improvement is viewed as a much-needed change, a number of barriers to successful implementation of quality initiatives within the AOD sector exist. This paper discusses these issues, drawing from the research evidence and a case example examining accreditation and workforce development in the AOD sector in Victoria, Australia. The paper concludes that the recent focus on quality improvement within the AOD sector is a very desirable direction, but quality initiatives must be supported by an appropriate level of funding if they are to lead to improved outcomes for service users.
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Ayieko, M. A., H. J. Ogola, and I. A. Ayieko. "Introducing rearing crickets (gryllids) at household levels: adoption, processing and nutritional values." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2, no. 3 (June 15, 2016): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2015.0080.
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Edible insects, particularly crickets, are becoming popular due to their nutritional value and efficiency in foodconversion. An increasing number of farmers in Kenya are seeking information on rearing crickets (Orthoptera:Gryllidae) for food and feed. The locals are gradually embracing Acheta domesticus and Gryllus bimiculatus as the species of choice. This paper discusses how cricket farming was introduced to farmers in Bondo and Kabondo in Kenya. The initial crickets were picked from their natural habitat and carefully selected for domestication. Theselected crickets were fed on vegetables and chicken mash and bulked in plastic cages. The insects were carefully nurtured to lay eggs and a large colony was formed for multiplication purposes. Upon maturity, proximate analysiswas done to determine their nutritional value. Some were processed into different dishes for human consumption. Products were subjected to microbial tests at the Kenya Bureau of Standards to verify safety for human consumption. Consumers were invited to taste the processed products. After 3 years into the project, about 50 farmers haveembraced cricket farming around the Lake Victoria region. A. domesticus proved easy for rearing at household levelconditions. Food nutrients identified on dry weight were: 47% protein, 10% carbohydrates, and 25% fat. Minerals included sodium (8,502 µg/g), copper (29.4 µg/g), calcium (3,147.7 µg/g), potassium (9,797.5 µg/g), iron (51.8 µg/g), phosphorus (331.3 µg/g), manganese (58.7 µg/g) and zinc (21.8 µg/g). Vitamins included vitamin A (retinol; 0.35 µg/g), vitamin B2 (riboflavin; 6.3 µg/g), vitamin B1 (thiamine; 15.2 µg/g), and vitamin E (331 µg/g). Children were particularly attracted to biscuits and the fried foods such as fritters, samosa and pancakes. Cricket farming can be embraced as a mini-livestock by farmers in varied agro-ecological conditions in the lake region in Kenya. However, increased consumption of crickets to ensure food security is yet to be observed.
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Mullender, Audrey, Anita Pavlovic, and Victoria Staples. "‘I Have No Beginning and No End‘: The Experience of Being a Foundling." Adoption & Fostering 29, no. 2 (July 2005): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857590502900207.
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Audrey Mullender, Anita Pavlovic and Victoria Staples report on the second stage of a study of abandonment conducted at the University of Warwick in 2002–03. Interviews with ten adults who had been ‘foundlings' revealed a wealth of thoughts and feelings that were often significantly different from those of other adopted people. Abandonment is harder to talk about and perhaps harder to come to terms with than adoption alone. The profound ignorance about identity, encompassing such fundamental details as original name, ethnicity and date of birth, also marks out foundlings as having particular issues to come to terms with. Nevertheless, those interviewed had grown out of being angry towards their birth mothers and wondered what they must have gone through to do something so desperate. Birth records counselling and attempts at tracing back to the earliest months of life were of limited use. NORCAP had been supportive to a number but, again, could not get past the lack of information. Much more could be done to help in policy and practice terms, notably by extending the Adoption Contact Register in specific ways that would help foundlings. Beyond this, decriminalising and facilitating abandonment are major social policy questions overdue for consideration in the UK.
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Philip Bill Okaka, Olan’g Alfred, Florence Ondieki - Mwaura, and Maurice Sakwa. "Effect of Community Health Support Systems and Technology Obsolescence on Utilization of mHealth Information by Teenagers Living with HIV/AIDS in Island Communities of Lake Victoria, Kenya." International Journal of World Policy and Development Studies, no. 73 (July 11, 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijwpds.73.45.56.
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The emergence of mHealth as an alternative access point for care and treatment is lauded by development agencies as ingenious innovation for bridging health care access for teenagers living with HIV/AIDS among detached communities like the islands of Lake Victoria. It is also presumed that mHealth transcends beyond teenagers’ concerns with location and unfriendly hours of operation of health facilities. mHealth is alleged to increase privacy and confidentiality, reduce the cost of service delivery, and loops over retrogressive cultural beliefs and attitudes exhibited by health care providers and caregivers, consequently increasing access to health information, care, and treatment. Specifically, the study sought to determine the technology obsolescence and explore community-based health support systems that facilitate suitable utilization of mHealth by teenagers living with HIV from the island communities of Lake Victoria and its effect on treatment access. To support this study, two philosophies: The theory of Reasoned Action and the Technology Adoption Lifecycle Model were applied. Anchored on cross-sectional study design, stratified sampling identified the psychosocial support groups of teenagers living with HIV. The probit model was applied to the study. With a study population of approximately 409 in Ringiti, Remba, Rusinga, Mfangano, and Mageta Islands, questionnaires were administered to 173 sampled teenagers living with HIV as a unit of analysis, and a control group made up of 30 percent of the sample ascertained effect of mHealth on treatment access. Five focus group discussions and key informant interviews of 10 and 3 were held on each Island. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. Further, the results showed that technology obsolescence and community-based health support systems had a significant effect on access to treatment by teenagers living with HIV/AIDS in the Island communities of Lake Victoria. Consequently, this study provides organizations promoting access to access to treatment by teenagers living with HIV/AIDS through mHealth. The study recommended that government and organizations involved in HIV/AIDS related activities should adopt a culture of enhancing mHealth by focusing on technology obsolescence and community-based health support systems. This could go a long way in ensuring there is improved access to treatment by teenagers living with HIV/AIDS in Island communities of Lake Victoria.
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Trapnell, L. N., A. M. Ridley, B. P. Christy, and R. E. White. "Sustainable grazing systems: economic and financial implications of adopting different grazing systems in north-eastern Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 8 (2006): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03022.
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Data from experimental sites at Maindample and Ruffy, on which different grazing systems were implemented, was extrapolated to a 100-ha paddock on a commercial property to determine their economic and financial implications. Included into the analyses were risk assessments to allow for sowing failures due to adverse seasonal conditions and price variability of meat and wool during the life of the pasture. Where graziers carried out pasture improvement, the results indicated that changing from control (low-input pasture stocked at a low intensity) to high-input (high stocking rates and fertiliser addition) rather than medium-input pasture was the more profitable option. In changing to high-input pasture at Maindample, a cattle activity using nominal discount rates of 10%/year required success rates in pasture establishment of ≥80% for profitability. For cattle at Ruffy, using the same discount rate, the change was profitable for success rates in pasture establishment of ≥70%, but lamb and wool activities were only profitable for success rates in pasture establishment of ≥90%. Over both sites, cattle at Ruffy was the only activity in which the change was profitable for nominal discount rates of 15%/year, but success rates for pasture establishment also had to be ≥90%. Financial analyses performed on these increases in profitability confirmed that they were feasible because the payback periods for deficits incurred during the development and management of the improved pasture were less than the 13-year life of the investments. However, using a contractor to improve the pastures was not feasible because the deficits could not be repaid within the period of the investment. These results support the current low adoption of perennial pastures and have significant implications for catchment management bodies in Victoria and New South Wales where heavy reliance is placed on perennial pastures to improve catchment outcomes.
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Trieu, Kathy, Stephen Jan, Mark Woodward, Carley Grimes, Bruce Bolam, Caryl Nowson, Jenny Reimers, Chelsea Davidson, and Jacqui Webster. "Protocol for the Process Evaluation of a Complex, Statewide Intervention to Reduce Salt Intake in Victoria, Australia." Nutrients 10, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10080998.
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Systematic reviews of trials consistently demonstrate that reducing salt intake lowers blood pressure. However, there is limited evidence on how interventions function in the real world to achieve sustained population-wide salt reduction. Process evaluations are crucial for understanding how and why an intervention resulted in its observed effect in that setting, particularly for complex interventions. This project presents the detailed protocol for a process evaluation of a statewide strategy to lower salt intake in Victoria, Australia. We describe the pragmatic methods used to collect and analyse data on six process evaluation dimensions: reach, dose or adoption, fidelity, effectiveness, context and cost, informed by Linnan and Steckler’s framework and RE-AIM. Data collection methods include routinely collected administrative data; surveys of processed foods, the population, food industry and organizations; targeted campaign evaluation and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data will be triangulated to provide validation or context for one another. This process evaluation will contribute new knowledge about what components of the intervention are important to salt reduction strategies and how the interventions cause reduced salt intake, to inform the transferability of the program to other Australian states and territories. This protocol can be adapted for other population-based, complex, disease prevention interventions.
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George, Ouma, Odhiambo G. Duncan, Musyimi David, and Kwach Johnson. "Livelihood assessment of avocado growing in western Kenya and its socioeconomic implications using agricultural extension services." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 6, no. 2 (September 9, 2018): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.006.02.2286.
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Avocado (Persia americana) is an important world crop. In Kenya, it has become a very important crop but its production is limited by several factors. Studies were conducted in the Lake Victoria Basin counties of Bunyala in Busia, Kisumu, Muhoroni, Nyando and Rachuonyo in western Kenya to investigate the socioeconomic factors affecting Avocado production. Information were collected from focus group discussions, key informants, individual interviews and secondary sources. Statistical Package for Social Scientist was used to analyze data collected interpreted and reported. The objectives were to assess how Avocado growers in western Kenya using Agricultural extension services affects the Livelihood of farmers considering their level of education and extension services and the implication it has on their decisions making to invest in Avocado production. There was positive relationship within the participating farmers as relates their level of education, income and availability of extension services that led to high adoption of inputs, choice of rootstocks to grow the crop, varieties chosen, planting, cultural practices harvesting, storage and marketing.
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Williams, David V. "Application of the Wills Act 1837 to New Zealand: Untidy Legal History." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 45, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v45i4.4941.
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The decision of Acting Chief Justice Stephen in McLiver v Macky (1856) was that the Wills Act 1837 (UK) did not apply in New Zealand because New Zealand had been annexed to the British Empire as a dependency of New South Wales. This case and its consequences were discussed in my contribution to the Victoria University of Wellington Law Review special issue in 2010 relating to the New Zealand Law Foundation's "Lost Cases Project". It transpires that Stephen ACJ and counsel in the 1856 case were unaware of the Imperial Act Adoption Act 1839 (NSW) which applied the Wills Act 1837 (UK) to New South Wales from 1 January 1840. This article suggests that, based on the reasoning of the Judge, the 1856 decision would have been the same even if that 1839 Act had been explicitly considered. It would still have been necessary for the New Zealand Parliament to enact the English Laws Act 1858.
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Baker, Bruce D., and Matthew M. Chingos. "Toward a Rich Data Future for School Finance Research." AERA Open 5, no. 4 (October 2019): 233285841988773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332858419887735.
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This special topic is intended to advance research in school finance using two newly produced compilations of multiple longitudinal data systems, the School Finance Indicators Database ( http://schoolfinancedata.org/ ) and the Urban Institute, Education Data Explorer ( https://educationdata.urban.org/data-explorer/ ). This special topic contains two articles taking advantage of comprehensive longitudinal data on school finance. The first, by Victoria Sosina and Ericka Weathers, uses panel data from the School Finance Indicators Data System from 1999 to 2013 to evaluate whether and to what extent changes to Black-White and Latinx-White demographic differences among districts leads to greater resource disparity over time. The second article, by Knight and Mendoza, combines data from the Census Fiscal Survey with data from the California Department of Education to explore whether differences in data on and measures of school funding equity matter (i.e., lead to similar or different conclusions) when evaluating the effects of California’s 2013 adoption of the Local Control Funding Formula.
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Tatnall, Arthur. "Computer education and societal change." Information Technology & People 28, no. 4 (November 2, 2015): 742–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-09-2014-0202.
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Purpose – It is widely acknowledged that the computer has caused great societal changes over recent years, but the purpose of this paper is to relate specifically to those due to the use of computers in education and teaching about computing. The adoption and use of computers in education was very much a socio-technical process with influence from people, organisations, processes and technologies: of a variety of human and non-human actors. Design/methodology/approach – This paper makes use of actor-network theory to analyse these events and their educational and societal impact. Data were collected from published sources, interviews with those involved at the time, discussions and from personal experience and observations. Findings – Computers have, of course, had a huge impact on society, but particularly in relation to the use of computers in school education there was a different societal impact. Some of this related directly to education, some to school administration and some to student attitudes, experiences and knowledge. Research limitations/implications – The paper investigates the development of early courses in computing in universities and schools in Victoria, Australia. The paper does not, however, consider the use of computers in university research, only in education. Practical implications – The paper describes the significant educational events of the era from punch-card tabulating machines in the 1930s to micro-computers in the late 1980s, and investigates the relationship between the development of courses in the Universities and those in the more vocationally oriented Colleges of Advanced Education. It examines whether one followed from the other. It also investigates the extent of the influence of the universities and CAEs on school computing. Social implications – The advent of the computer made a significant impact on university and school education even before the internet, Google, Wikipedia and smart phones in the late 1990s and 2000s. Computers in schools cause a rethink of how teaching should be handled and of the role of the teacher. Originality/value – This paper investigates the history of computers and education in both universities and schools in Victoria, Australia over the period from the 1930s to the early 1990s. It considers how and why this technological adoption occurred, and the nature of the resulting educational and societal change this produced. Primary and High School use of computers did not commence until the 1970s but prior to this there is a considerable and interesting history associated with the development of Higher Education courses relating to computing.
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Meiklejohn, Sarah, Tammie Choi, Anna Peeters, Lisa Ryan, and Claire Palermo. "Policymakers’ perspectives on designing school-based health initiatives for Victorian adolescents." Health Promotion International 35, no. 6 (March 10, 2020): 1462–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daaa020.
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Abstract Initiatives based on the Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework have previously been successful in improving health and well-being yet there is little evidence of how these findings translate into policy. This study therefore aimed to analyse the political considerations that underpinned policymakers’ decisions for the design and implementation of a programme based on HPS in middle and high schools in Victoria, Australia. Interpretive policy analysis was undertaken using interviews with a purposive sample of government and non-government policy actors. Interviews explored factors influencing programme design and implementation and were analysed using thematic analysis. Ten in-depth interviews, including 11 participants, were conducted. The analysis revealed four themes. The Achievement Program was designed through (i) the establishment of strategic collaborations and good governance, involving people that made valuable and diverse contributions to the design process while acknowledging their (ii) positions of power, (iii) ensuring careful attention was paid to evidence-informed programme design and (iv) incorporation of real-time feedback from other settings. Policymakers believe this approach has the potential to improve policy adoption. There is a need to explore if this approach to policy development influences adherence and improves health outcomes.
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Heilbrunn-Lang, Adina Y., Lauren M. Carpenter, Andrea M. de Silva, Lisa K. Meyenn, Gillian Lang, Allison Ridge, Amanda Perry, Deborah Cole, and Shalika Hegde. "Family-centred oral health promotion through Victorian child-health services: a pilot." Health Promotion International 35, no. 2 (April 21, 2019): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz025.
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Abstract Maternal and Child Health Services (MCHS) provide ideal settings for oral disease prevention. In Victoria (Australia), child mouth-checks (Lift-the-Lip) and oral health promotion (OHP) occur during MCHS child visits. This study trialled Tooth-Packs (OHP resources, toothbrushes, toothpastes) distribution within MCHS to (i) assess the impacts of Tooth-Packs distribution on child and family oral health (OH) behaviours and knowledge, including Maternal and Child Health Nurses (MCHN) child referral practices to dental services, and (ii) determine the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating Tooth-Packs distribution into MCHN OHP practices. A mixed-methods evaluation design was employed. MCHN from four high-needs Victorian Local Government Areas distributed Tooth-Packs to families of children attending 18-month and/or 24-month MCHS visits (baseline). Families completed a questionnaire on OH and dietary practices at baseline and 30-month follow-up. Tooth-Packs distribution, Lift-the-lip mouth-checks and child OH referrals were conducted. Guided discussions with MCHN examined intervention feasibility. Overall, 1585 families received Tooth-Packs. Lift-the-lip was conducted on 1493 children (94.1%). Early childhood caries were identified in 142 children (9.5%) and these children were referred to dental services. Baseline to follow-up behavioural improvements (n = 230) included: increased odds of children having ever seen an OH professional (OR 28.0; 95% CI 7.40–236.88; p < 0.001), parent assisted toothbrushing twice/day (OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.05–3.00; p = 0.030) and toothpaste use >once/day (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.59–5.24; p < 0.001). MCHN recommendations included distribution of Tooth-Packs to at-risk children <12-months of age. MCHS provide an ideal setting to enable timely family-centred OHP intervention and adoption of good OH behaviours at an early age.
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Charity, Mapingure, Mamimine Patrick Walter, Kabote Forbes, Mirimi Kumbirai, and Nyarota Margaret. "Stakeholders’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practises towards Health Tourism Development in Zimbabwe." Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 03, no. 02 (February 14, 2013): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20130302a03.
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This research explored the feasibility of developing health tourism in Zimbabwe using knowledge levels, attitudes of stakeholders and current practises as barometers of the destination’s potential. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews with tourism experts, hoteliers and tour operators in Harare (capital city of Zimbabwe). The major findings of the study on knowledge, attitudes and practices were that knowledge level on health tourism was high among hoteliers and tourism experts, with tour operators exhibiting little knowledge. In terms of attitude, hoteliers were quite positive about the adoption of health tourism while tourism experts were pessimistic about health tourism’s potential to provide a return on investment. On current health tourism practises the study revealed that there were health packages offered by hotels to a limited extent and only as a requirement for their grading. Nevertheless, an overarching insight from the study was that development of health tourism was a possibility in Zimbabwe if marketed in tandem with existing `anchor’ attractions such as Victoria Falls and others of a similar international stature and appeal.
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Prayer Moyo and Sibongile Manzini. "Extent of Application of Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies to Enhance Tourism Sustainability: A Case of Selected Tourism Operators in Victoria Falls." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Research 4, no. 2 (November 2, 2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/ijer.v4i2.2044.
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This study sought to analyse the extent of the application of Fourth Industrial Revolution techniques (4 IR) in the tourism sector of Zimbabwe using the Victoria Falls as a case study. The objective of the study was to analyse the effectiveness of 4IR technologies on the competitiveness amongst tourist operators and to determine strategies that could be adapted to improve the use of 4IR technological trends. A sample of 96 tourist respondents were used in the study, as well as 30 tour operators. The study also used probability sampling through systematic random sampling for tourists and non-probability sampling through random sampling for tour operators. The findings clearly showed that pre-travel technologies used by tour operators have enhanced tourists choice of patronage. However, on-site technologies used by tour operators were limited acording to tourists who indicated that they were not satiesfied with the extent to which on-site technologies were applied. The reasons behind slow adoption of 4IR technologies by most operators emanated from lack of managerial skills, lack of expertise and lack of desire to innovate. The study recommended that operators should urgently adopt the use of artificial intelligence, they should budget towards technological upgrading as well as installation of cyber crime security systems. Organisations should also invest in digital transformation.
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Omar, Yusuf Sheikh, Anna Jenkins, Marieke van Regteren Altena, Harvey Tuck, Chris Hynan, Ahmed Tohow, Prem Chopra, and David Castle. "Khat Use: What Is the Problem and What Can Be Done?" BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/472302.
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The chewing of khat leaves is an established tradition in East Africa but is much less prevalent in other areas of the world and is mostly limited to Somali communities. However, our understanding of what constitutes problematic khat use in the Somali community in Victoria, Australia, is limited. The objectives of this study were to better understand the views of Somali community representatives and primary care practitioners regarding problematic khat use, to consider relevant harm minimisation strategies, and to develop resources to assist individuals with problematic khat use and their families. Qualitative research methods were used to investigate the experiences and perceptions of khat use among Somalis and mainstream primary care practitioners. Six focus groups were conducted with 37 members of the Somali community and 11 primary care practitioners. Thematic analysis was used to analyse transcripts. Various indicators of the problematic use of khat were identified, including adverse physical and mental health effects, social isolation, family breakdown, and neglect of social responsibilities. Potential harm minimisation strategies were identified including the adoption of health promotion through education, outreach to the community, and the use of universal harm minimisation strategies specifically tailored to khat use.
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Shelley, Catherine. "Beating Children Is Wrong, Isn't It? Resolving Conflicts in the Encounter Between Religious Worldviews and Child Protection." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 15, no. 2 (April 10, 2013): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x13000355.
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Responding to the death of Victoria Climbié in 2003, the Laming Report stated that cultural differences should never again be a factor in inadequate child protection. Yet since that time there have been further deaths of children involving exorcism and allegations of witchcraft, based in part on particular understandings of Christianity. Situations resulting in forced marriage, cliterodectomy, ‘honour’ killing and corporal punishment are practices often perceived as arising from religious belief, both by those who defend them and by critics. This article explores practices perceived as grounded in religious belief or culture that conflict with current child protection practice and norms about what is harmful to children. The role of religious education, rights to manifest religious belief and different understandings of adoption are also considered as examples of religious difference in understandings about children. Engagement with religious difference through a defence of children's rights and autonomy are proposed as one means to resolve conflicts between religious worldviews and what it means to protect children. The aim is to identify and foster reflection and debate about different understandings of what constitutes harm, in order to enhance consensus over child protection where views of what is harmful differ radically.1
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Reed, K. F. M. "Perennial pasture grasses—an historical review of their introduction, use and development for southern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 8 (2014): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13284.
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The development and use of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum Darbysh.) in the high-rainfall zone and the wheat–sheep zone is reviewed through the pastoral era of extensive grazing (from European settlement to ~1930), the expansive era of pasture improvement (1930–80) and in the modern era. Their adoption, in conjunction with inoculated clover seed, rose steadily in specifically Australian systems of animal production, designed with an appreciation of the environment, and aided by technical developments such as single-disc and aerial spreaders for mineral fertiliser, chemical fallowing and direct-drilling. These species remain vital contributors to the competitive productivity of Australia’s cattle and sheep industries. Perennial ryegrass (~6 Mha by 1994) and cocksfoot emerged as the most important after a wide range of species was introduced through the 19th Century; many of these became naturalised. Regional strains of perennial ryegrass were subsequently selected for commercialisation in Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania. In the modern era, persistent ecotypes were harnessed to breed persistent cultivars. Vision to both improve grass persistence and extend the area of adaptation encouraged the adoption of phalaris (~2.7 Mha by 2009) and, to a lesser extent, early-flowering types of cocksfoot and tall fescue, particularly for the marginal-rainfall, wheat–sheep zone. The sowing of grass and clover seed expanded after the wide adoption of superphosphate, which became recognised as essential for correcting the severe deficiency of soil phosphorus and nitrogen associated with ancient, intensely weathered soils. The initial and dramatic response of clover to superphosphate increased farm revenue, so fostering a phase in which perennial grasses could be successfully sown, due to having the benefit of (biologically fixed) nitrogen. The influence of European practice, agricultural societies, the Welsh Plant Breeding Station, CSIRO, universities, state Departments of Agriculture, collaborative arrangements and individuals that nurtured and managed pasture technology, plant breeding, cultivar registration and evaluation are outlined. Future considerations emerging from the review include monitoring the national pasture inventory, promotion of the great potential for increasing livestock carrying capacity, cultivar discrimination and information, relevance of models, and national coordination of collaborative research.
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Fortington, Lauren V., Sheree Bekker, and Caroline F. Finch. "Integrating and maintaining automated external defibrillators and emergency planning in community sport settings: a qualitative case study." Emergency Medicine Journal 37, no. 10 (June 16, 2020): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2019-208781.
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IntroductionA voluntary State Government-led programme in Victoria, Australia ‘Defibrillators for Sporting Clubs and Facilities Program’ ran from 2015 to 2019, broadly aimed at increasing access to automated external defibrillators (AEDs), together with a greater number of community members trained for management of medical emergencies. This study aimed to understand whether participating sport clubs/facilities had successfully integrated an AED and medical planning with other club/facility safety practices, 12 months after delivery of the programme.MethodsThis was a qualitative case study of 14 sport clubs/facilities in Victoria, Australia in 2017, underpinned by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. We conducted observational audits of facilities (to locate AED placement, signage and other relevant location-specific factors) and semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with representatives of the clubs/facilities. Interview questions were designed to determine if and how the related, mandated emergency management programme was adapted for the long term (embedding), whether this aligned to ongoing organisational mission (active engagement), and whether or not it was still ongoing 6 months postinitial implementation (sustainability). Data were evaluated using qualitative descriptive methodology. For reporting, descriptive summaries of the audit were combined with interview data to contextualise and visualise the sport club/facility setting and key results.ResultsKey issues identified were accessibility and visibility of the AED, with inadequate signage and challenges identifying an efficient location for access and storage. Most interviewees reported the AED and training were received with no further actions taken towards safety planning or integration with club/facility practice. Several challenges regarding remaining up to date with training and ensuring required routine checks of the AED take place were also raised.ConclusionsThis study identified several challenges for community sport clubs/facilities in the implementation of an AED and medical planning programme, including where to store the AED, how to make its presence known to the community and how to integrate changes alongside other club/facility practices.
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Wong, Lily, Arthur Tatnall, and Stephen Burgess. "A framework for investigating blended learning effectiveness." Education + Training 56, no. 2/3 (April 8, 2014): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-04-2013-0049.
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Purpose – The move towards “blended learning”, consisting of a combination of online and face-to-face teaching, continues to gain pace in universities around the world. It is important, however, to question the quality of this learning. The OECD has made use of a model of “Readiness, Intensity and Impact” for investigating the adoption and use of eBusiness technologies. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework, based on this model and adapted for blended learning, to assess the readiness, intensity of adoption and impact on blended learning offerings. The framework is tested via a description of how one university has adopted and used blended learning, and investigates the quality of the learning from this approach. Design/methodology/approach – The framework is tested via a case study involving the assessment of a blended learning approach to the delivery of a first-year undergraduate accounting unit at Victoria University, Australia. Various approaches to delivery are assessed over a two-year period. The results are drawn from a survey specifically designed to identify students’ attitudes towards blended learning. Findings – Despite having three new online options readily available for students to access, there was strong support for face-to-face delivery methods. In relation to the framework, the assessment suggested that certain aspects of the university's blended learning approach could be investigated further (particularly student readiness for different blended learning options and an overall assessment of the impact of a blended approach), to provide a more holistic view of the readiness to adopt and impact of the blended learning offerings. Originality/value – The value of this contribution lies in the development of a unique framework to assess the impact of blended learning approaches from the viewpoint of student readiness and intensity of separate delivery approaches – whilst maintaining the need to evaluate the effectiveness of blended learning as an overall package.
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Orina, Paul, Erick Ogello, Elijah Kembenya, Cecilia Muthoni, Safina Musa, Veronica Ombwa, Venny Mwainge, et al. "The state of cage culture in Lake Victoria: A focus on sustainability, rural economic empowerment, and food security." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.01.09.
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Abstract Capture fisheries and aquaculture have remained important sources of food, nutrition, income and livelihoods to millions globally, with annual per capita consumption of fish in developing countries having increased from 5.2 kg in 1961 to 18.8 kg in 2013. On the contrary, low income food-deficit countries annual fish per capita consumption rose from 3.5 to 7.6 kg against 26.8 kg among industrialized countries. Increased demand for animal protein and declining capture fisheries has seen aquaculture grow rapidly than any other food production sector over the past three decades. Rapid global aquaculture growth is directly related to levels of technological advancement, adoption and adaption prompting aquaculture transition from semi-intensive to intensive and super intensive production systems among developing and developed countries. In light of the aquatic environment economic potential, cage culture in Lake Victoria is fast gaining prominence in aquaculture production contribution. This began with trials by Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute and Uganda’s National Fisheries Resource Research Institute and later by private investors at Dunga and Obenge beaches of Kenya, Source of the Nile in Uganda and Bulamba Beach Management Units in Bunda District of Tanzania. However, only Kenya has so far documented cage culture development recording 3,696 cages across the five riparian counties with an estimated production capacity of 3,180 MT valued at Kshs 955.4 Million (9.6 million USD), created over 500 jobs directly and indirectly created income opportunities for over 4,000 people. The sub-sector’s value chain, its supportive value chains and associated enterprises are rapidly expanding thus creating jobs, enhancing incomes and ensuring food security in rural and urban areas. As cage culture commercialization takes root, there is urgent need to address issues such as introduction of alien species, diseases, marine parks and maximum carrying capacity among other aspects. This will require trans-boundary policy to ensure sustainable utilization of the lake as a common resource.
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Moore, Cameron Alastair, and Caroline Gross. "Great Big Hairy Bees! Regulating the European Bumblebee, Bombus Terrestris L. What does it say about the Precautionary Principle?" International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (June 2, 2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2012.2627.
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The previous Commonwealth Minister for the Environment, Mr Garrett, recently rejected a request to allow the importation of live bumblebees (Bombus terrestris L.) to mainland Australia. New South Wales and Victoria had already listed the introduction of bumblebees as, respectively, a key threatening process and a potentially threatening process. The Commonwealth, however, had previously declined an application to list the introduction of bumblebees as a key threatening process, although its Threatened Species Scientific Committee urged ‘that extreme caution be shown in considering any proposal to introduce this species to the mainland.’ The potential threat from bumblebees would appear to beg the questions posed by the precautionary principle. Would the presence of bumblebees to mainland Australia pose a threat of serious or irreversible environmental damage? Should a lack of full scientific certainty be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation? This paper considers the role of the precautionary principle in regulatory approaches to the bumblebee. It seeks to establish the application of the precautionary principle to this particular potential environmental threat, including its relationship to the principle of conservation of biological diversity. It concludes that, despite widespread adoption of the precautionary principle in policy, legislation and case law in Australia, its impact on regulating bumblebees has not been consistent.
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Mcbride, L. J. "Spinal Anaesthesia—Early Australian Experience." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 33, no. 1_suppl (June 2005): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0503301s06.
Full textAbstract:
Australia in 1902 was a fledgling colony in its second year of Federation with a population of around 3.7 million. European settlement had been largely confined to the coastal margins of this enormous land mass, although some bold adventurers in search of gold and farmland had struggled their way into the interior. Horsham, situated 300 km northwest of Melbourne in the state of Victoria, was founded in June 1849. By 1902 the town, with a population of around 2500, had grown to boast a hospital, two doctors, a pharmacist and a dentist. It was at the Horsham Hospital on January 7, 1902 that Dr Robert Ritchie performed Australia's first recorded spinal anaesthetic. Ritchie performed a lumbar puncture at the L3–4 level, injected 2 ml of 2% cocaine solution and waited for a total of 20 minutes before realising that the sensation the patient was feeling when he pinched him was pressure, not pain. The 78-year-old man with a gangrenous right leg, prostatic obstruction and congestive cardiac failure was laid supine, and had his right leg amputated through the thigh while being administered brandy and water. Strychnine injections were administered four hourly postoperatively. The adoption of the technique of spinal anaesthesia spread quickly in Australia despite communication difficulties at that time.
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Katusiime, Juliet, and Brigitta Schütt. "Towards Legislation Responsive to Integrated Watershed Management Approaches and Land Tenure." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032221.
Full textAbstract:
Land tenure affects integrated watershed management approaches in various ways, such as influencing land use and investment in sustainability practices and decisions. However, some land tenure and integrated watershed management relations need more examination, including how the prevailing relevant legislation responds and the needed course of action. In this paper, we provide relevant evidence to support a shift to responsive actions and legislation through (a) examining land tenure scenarios affecting integrated watershed management, including the public–private land tenure co-existence from a watershed perspective; (b) the responsiveness of the prevailing relevant legislation to integrated watershed management and the land tenure scenarios and (c) identifying legislative remedies recommendable for responsiveness. We use qualitative methods to review secondary data sources, including four legislations, and complement them with field survey data. Field experiences are from three sub-catchments in the Lake Victoria basin, each representing a different land tenure system, as case studies. Land tenure links with integrated watershed management in various ways, such as influencing land use decisions. However, underscoring the relationship from the private and public land tenure perspective also indicates a complex and tense spatial relationship. As such, it likely limits adopting sustainable land use and management practices in watersheds as a case. Regardless, the perceptions from the study area indicate the land tenure systems and forms enabling sustainable choices and decisions, despite limitations such as tenure insecurity. The disconnect between integrated watershed management aspirations of ensuring sustainability, the land tenure abilities and the subsequent human practices is mainly institutional, with the relevant legislation indicating a low to moderate level of responsiveness to integrated watershed management approaches and land tenure, thus, abating effectiveness. Therefore, we suggest a shift towards responsive programming and legislation and the adoption of model legislation to support responsiveness replication. We also recommend further studies to assess the legal gaps and feasibility thereof.
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Walker, Pamela J. "Adoption and Victorian culture." History of the Family 11, no. 4 (January 2006): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hisfam.2006.12.003.
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