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Buck, Stuart, Joe Rolfe, Craig Lemin, and Bernie English. "Adoption, profitability and future of leucaena feeding systems in Australia." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 7, no. 4 (September 3, 2019): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(7)303-314.
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Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala ssp. glabrata) is a highly palatable and productive forage used mainly by beef producers on extensive properties in northern Australia. When sown into native or sown grass pastures, leucaena provides significant production, economic, environmental and social benefits. Adoption of leucaena was slow initially due to a range of technical, agronomic and landscape factors. These have now been largely overcome through extensive research, development, producer experience and other advances, resulting in around 130,000 ha of cultivated leucaena being utilized across northern Australia.A range of aspects will need to be addressed if the adoption of leucaena is to be accelerated into the future. These include environmental concerns, especially potential weediness, and a range of technological needs, including soil nutritional requirements, grazing and toxicity management, opportunities for companion fodder systems and conservation options. Advances in technology and the ongoing need for a high-quality, profitable and sustainable perennial forage will ensure the continued adoption of leucaena across northern Australia for the foreseeable future.
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Kirby, GWM, VJ Hristova, and S. Murti. "Conservation tillage and ley farming in the semi-arid tropics of northern Australia - some economic aspects." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 8 (1996): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9961049.
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This paper examines some aspects of the economics of conservation tillage and ley farming in the semi-arid tropics of northern Australia. The distribution, 1 value and major trends in the enterprises comprising the agricultural sector of the semi-arid tropics are discussed in an industry context. The likely economic benefits for the farmer from the adoption of conservation tillage and ley farming come from mulch retention and increased yields. These benefits vary with the frequency of grain cropping, the legume species used and the commodity price relativities. The benefits are likely to be larger in drier growing seasons. Data on other factors, such as soil type and seasons, were inadequate for economic analysis. Some ley farming systems are more profitable than single enterprises in the short term. In the long term, the best choice for sustainable farming systems in the semi-arid tropics appears to be a legume pasture system or a legume pasture-crop system. Results to date from ley farming studies show that experimental designs need to be modified to incorporate higher cropping frequencies and more comprehensive joint product measures in order to allow a more critical economic assessment. Additional benefits to society from the adoption of conservation tillage and ley farming are likely to come from minimising adverse on-farm and off-farm effects of agricultural activities. There are strong arguments for continuing support for research and development in ley farming technology and a joint sharing of the costs between farmers and the community generally.
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Nijam, Habeeb Mohamed, and Athambawa Jahfer. "IFRS Adoption and Financial Reporting Quality: A Review of Evidences in Different Jurisdictions." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 69 (May 2016): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.69.93.
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Conventional and commonly held wisdom with respect to the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is that they lead to improved financial reporting quality and comparability and thereby favorable economic consequences. There are however contradicting evidences disproving this conventional wisdom or rejecting its gross generalization over the entire jurisdictions harmonizing on IFRS. Driven by this fact, quests for knowledge about the dynamics and contexts that lead to differential effects of IFRS get momentum. In an attempt to explore the insight into the effects of international accounting harmonization by way of IFRS adoption, this paper reviews selected literatures on the consequences of IFRS adoption. This review discusses some empirical evidences that have been reported in various countries that include Europe, USA, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Norway, Greece, Poland, Belgian, France, Italian, Turkey, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Jordan, China, Malaysia, Australia, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Kenya and Nigeria. Our review focuses on the aspects of value relevance, disclosure quality, cost of capital, earning management and financial statement impact due to the IFRS adoption. This review reveals that the economic consequences of IFRS adoption is significantly different though its impact reported to be positive in majority of cases. There are also notable number of studies that report indifferent and or negative effects of IFRS adoption. When IFRS studies report mixed evidence with respect to value relevance of book value of equity and earing, book value of equity supersedes the earning parameters. IFRS are found to supersede many other domestic financial reporting standards in terms of amount and the quality of disclosures in financial statement. This review also obtains that IFRS’s impact on the reduction of cost of capital depends on financial reporting incentives, law enforcement, types of legal systems and various other country-specific and capital market characteristics. Further, though there are some evidences to the contrary, the quality of earnings reported under IFRS has been established to be superior to other local standards.
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Bamforth, Jill, Charles Jebarajakirthy, and Gus Geursen. "Understanding undergraduates’ money management behaviour: a study beyond financial literacy." International Journal of Bank Marketing 36, no. 7 (October 1, 2018): 1285–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-05-2017-0104.
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Purpose The money management behavior of undergraduates determines their smooth transition into adulthood. Economic, social and psychological factors also affect undergraduates’ money management behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how undergraduates manage and respond to economic, social and psychological factors affecting their money management behavior, and to examine whether this response changes as they make progress in their degree. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a qualitative exploratory approach, this study examined Australian undergraduates as they face many challenges to their money management behavior. The data were collected using six focus group discussions, held in three Australian universities, in which 47 undergraduates participated. Findings The findings have shown that their approach to manage spending, income, saving, peer relationships and stress changes as they make progress in their degree. However, they shared similar approaches to investment, followed parental money management advice and used technology for cost reduction, irrespective of the progress in their degree. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted with the data collected from a relatively small sample of respondents and was limited only to undergraduates. Moreover, this study was conducted in Australia, indicating that some of the results might be specific to the Australian context. Practical implications The findings of this study can be utilized by governments, financial institutions, educational institutions and parents who are interested in inculcating prudent money management behavior in undergraduates. Originality/value This study extends the scope of the literature beyond financial literacy, and has shown how undergraduates respond to economic, social and psychological aspects relating to money management behavior and how these responses vary as they make progress in their degree. This study has applied a qualitative exploratory approach, in contrast to quantitative methods which have generally been applied for studies relating to undergraduates’ money management behavior.
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Alonso, Abel Duarte, and Ian Austin. "Entrepreneurial CSR in the context of a regional family firm: a stakeholder analysis." Annals in Social Responsibility 2, no. 1 (May 3, 2016): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/asr-06-2016-0005.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the extant literature of family firms and corporate social responsibility (CSR), examining the case of West’n Fresh, a regional Western Australian family firm. Moreover, in adopting stakeholder theory (ST) the firm’s involvement in and resulting benefits from CSR are investigated. Design/methodology/approach In-depth telephone and face-to-face interviews with three members of the firm, including one of its two owners, were further complemented through onsite observations and secondary data from the firm’s website and media reports. Findings Entrepreneurial CSR emerges as a critical element in the family firm’s business philosophy, whereby through innovative practices the ownership is able to create a balance between the firm’s financial objectives and socially responsible initiatives. In particular, the development of food products creates business opportunities while at the same time addresses the needs of different consumer groups, in particular, aged care individuals. These findings have alignments with the four theses of ST; for instance, the recognition of various stakeholder groups by the firm’s ownership, and the initiatives to improve their quality of life clearly suggest associations with normative thesis. Originality/value Although the field of family entrepreneurship has grown significantly, many under-researched aspects of this discipline remain. For instance, family business research, including on CSR conducted in Western Australia, a state with a very strong economic significance, and with multiple links to the outside world is very limited.
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García, Sergio C., William J. Fulkerson, Ruth Nettle, Sean Kenny, and Daniel Armstrong. "FutureDairy: a national, multidisciplinary project to assist dairy farmers to manage future challenges - methods and early findings." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 9 (2007): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06064.
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FutureDairy is a national, multidisciplinary project designed to assist Australian dairy farmers to manage future challenges. FutureDairy is exploring technical, economic and social aspects of technology adoption through an innovative approach that combines methodologies of social research (‘People’), extension (‘System’) and technical research (‘Science’). The technologies being investigated revolve around increasing forage production per unit of land through a complementary forage rotation; evaluating the most efficient use of brought-in feed to increase milk production per ha; and, the incorporation of automatic milking and other technological innovations that would either reduce labour input or allow more precise agriculture. The central strategy of FutureDairy is to utilise ‘knowledge partnerships’ to co-develop knowledge around each of the key areas of investigation; thus a key feature of the project is its linkage with commercial ‘partner’ farmers that explore similar questions to those being investigated at Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute (NSW Department of Primary Industries), where the technical research is being undertaken. This paper focuses on early findings from the forages module. Work thus far has shown that forage yields in excess of 40 t DM/ha.year are achievable. However, the practicalities of implementing this technology on-farm have already identified new and diverse issues that, unless understood, will jeopardise its effective adaptation by farmers.
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Boretskaya, N., and G. Krapivina. "Overcoming Poverty in the World and in Ukraine: Current State (on the Example of the NFP «Volunteering» and «Voluntourism»)." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 1 (63) (2021): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2021-1(63)-146-153.
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In the article, the problem of overcoming poverty acquires further theoretical and methodological substantiation. The current state of overcoming poverty in the world and in Ukraine (on the example of non-standard forms of employment (NFP) "volunteering" and "voluntourism") in the global socio-economic and political aspects in the context of permanent changes and transformations of the world are considered. It is shown: international documents fix the existence of the problem of poverty and determine the main directions of the XXI century for overcoming it (on the example of the UN Millennium Declaration); the coronavirus pandemic has led to an increase in poverty; the main problem of overcoming poverty in Ukraine is the lack of a comprehensive system in the country that can effectively address poverty problems (government bodies are not involved in poverty prevention policies, but only fight with its consequences); in Ukraine, the most pressing problem is poverty among the working-age population and the poverty of families with children; poverty in Ukraine is characterized by a number of national characteristics (the UN notes that absolute poverty in Ukraine has been overcome. But relative poverty is 78%); solving the problem of overcoming poverty in Ukraine requires the development of a system of complex scientifically based and effective measures that should take into account the profile, specifics and features of the formation and spread of poverty, the causes of its occurrence and ways of overcoming it, as well as the most effective state policy for overcoming poverty and economic mechanisms for its implementation; world experience considers the NFP “volunteering” and “voluntourism” as forms of employment that can overcome the effect of abstraction of people from social problems and poverty, form a model of collective participation in the elimination of the latter, and restore human values; volunteering and voluntouring are supported by government agencies of the USA, Canada, Australia, England, Italy, Japan and other developed countries, including through the adoption of legislative acts that stimulate their development, the creation of a system of state volunteer centers and special programs of volunteering and voluntourism; Ukrainians attach great importance to volunteering and voluntourism in the development of social processes.
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Segal, Leonie, Ron Donato, Jeffrey Richardson, and Stuart Peacock. "Strengths and limitations of competitive versus non-competitive models of integrated capitated fundholding." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 7, no. 1_suppl (July 2002): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/135581902320176485.
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Integrated budget-holding (fundholding) based on risk-adjusted capitation is commonly proposed as a central element of health system reform. Two contrasting models have been developed: the competitive model where fundholders or health plans compete for enrollees; and the non-competitive model, where plan membership is determined according to an objective attribute such as place of residence. Under the competitive model, efficiency is sought through consumer choice of plan. A range of regulatory elements may also be introduced to moderate undesirable elements of competition. Under the non-competitive model, efficiency is achieved through government regulation and the fact that the fundholder has continuing responsibility for the health of a defined population, supported by micro-management tools (such as quality assurance and selective payment arrangements). In theory, the non-competitive model encourages population-based health services planning. While both models assume risk-adjusted capitated funding, the requirements of any formula are more stringent under the competitive model. Economic theory, as well as documented health system experience, can help identify the relative strengths and limitations of each model. Concerns with the competitive model relate primarily to the capacity to develop robust risk adjusters for capitation sufficient to reduce the incentives for patient risk selection. Possible reductions in the quality of care are also a concern, compounded by difficulties for consumers in discriminating between plans. Efficiency under the non-competitive model requires a strong and appropriate regulatory/policy framework and effective use of micro-management tools. Funding equity objectives can be met through either model by the adoption of income-related contributions, but under the competitive model this may be compromised by incentives for the fundholders to select low-risk patients. Evidence drawn from regional fundholding in New South Wales (NSW, Australia), the US Veterans Health Agency and the literature on managed care in the USA illustrate these concerns. The problem of risk selection in the competitive model is a major theoretical concern, confirmed by the empirical evidence. This, together with concerns regarding other aspects of performance, suggests that the non-competitive model may be preferable, at least as an interim step in reform in public or mixed systems. Future research on this issue is clearly required.
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Misopoulos, Fotios, Vicky Manthou, and Zenon Michaelides. "Environmental and Social Sustainability in UK Construction Industry: a Systematic Literature Review." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v5i1.p100-115.
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Research on sustainability in the construction industry is common in construction journals addressing the potential adverse effects conventional practices have in the construction community. Sustainability is addressed through the environmental, social and economic impacts in literature and researchers and practitioners always drive the need for an equal attention on these three dimensions, but not so successfully at present. Sustainability covers a broad content with various suggested approaches arising from different countries all over the world. Previous studies have investigated sustainable construction issues as a global concept and in individual developed countries such as the US, Australia, and China. The aim of this research is to investigate the extent of coverage, by academia, of the sustainability concept in UK construction industry, with a focus on the environmental and social aspects of sustainability, based on the Triple Bottom Line framework. The researchers conducted a systematic literature review, searching relevant articles with predefined criteria in two major bibliographical databases, which offer great coverage of the existing academic journals in social sciences. The study utilised the PRISMA reporting approach and the search resulted in thirty-one suitable articles. The findings revealed that environmental sustainability receives much more attention than social sustainability. Added emphasis is given to green buildings and materials used. Government regulations seem to be the leading driver for adopting sustainable practices, while lack of knowledge/awareness of sustainable best practices is the leading challenge.
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Kung, Claryn S. J., Johannes S. Kunz, and Michael A. Shields. "Economic Aspects of Loneliness in Australia." Australian Economic Review 54, no. 1 (March 2021): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12414.
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Kirby, Michael G., and Michael J. Blyth. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LAND DEGRADATION IN AUSTRALIA." Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics 31, no. 2 (August 1987): 154–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.1987.tb00672.x.
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Andrews, Gavin. "Psychiatry in Australia: economic and service delivery aspects." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 7 (July 1991): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.7.446.
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In 1987 there were 1,428 psychiatrists in Australia, 8.8 per 100,000 population (Burvill, 1988), 55% identified as in private practice and 45% in public sector practice. Let us be clear about terms. Public sector practice means that each week you receive a salary from the public purse whether you have seen one or a hundred patients. Private practice means that you are paid on a piece-work basis, also largely from the public purse (national health insurance or Medicare), but the income (at about $100 per hour) depends exactly on the number of hours spent with patients. On average, private psychiatrists in Australia gross about $150,000 per year, out of which they must pay practice expenses. The pay for public sector psychiatrists probably averages $70,000 to which, for the purposes of our calculation, we will add the cost of rooms, telephone and secretary provided by the hospital which at $30,000 brings the cost of a public sector psychiatrist to about $100,000 per year. If 45% of psychiatrists are in public practice then the averaged cost of a psychiatrist in Australia can be calculated as $127,500 per annum, and as there are 8.8 psychiatrists per 100,000 the cost, calculated on this simple basis, is $1.12 million per 100,000 population (Andrews, 1989).
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Makovskaya, M. "Economic and Legal Aspects of Natural Resources Exploiting in Australia." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2000): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2000-7-106-110.
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Akimova, E., V. Kulakov, I. Romanova, and A. Budagov. "Ecological-and-economic aspects of city-planning." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 042028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/4/042028.
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Abstract The purpose of this research is to consider ecological-and-aspects of the land use during arrangement and planning of the urban areas on the basis of the assessment of city-planning components of various districts of the city. The authors offer some measures for the improvement of nature protection activity in the structure of the urban area management. The factors, determining planning of the city structures, key indicators of information support for the adoption of the city-planning decision, the principles of engineering-and-ecological zoning were revealed in the articles. The authors offered to carry out management of the territory and granting the land plots step by step, for the purpose of their effective ecological-and-economic use. The provisions, offered by the authors in this article, can be applied for ecological-and-economic justification of projects of the use of city lands as well as for the development of methodical recommendations on the effective arrangement of the built-up territories.
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Madden, Gary, and Scott J. Savage. "Some Economic and Social Aspects of Residential Internet Use in Australia." Journal of Media Economics 13, no. 3 (July 2000): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1303_2.
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Weisbuch, Gérard, and Gérard Boudjema. "Dynamical Aspects in the Adoption of Agri-Environmental Measures." Advances in Complex Systems 02, no. 01 (March 1999): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525999000035.
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We describe a simple model of the dynamics of adoption of agri-environmental measures by farmers in Europe. Farmers choices are based on their evaluation of the economic advantages of taking environmental premiums in exchange for environment friendly practices, plus imitation terms taking into account the information that they get from neighbours which have already made their own choice. We show that under a large set of social network topologies and hypotheses on distribution of farmers characteristics, the outcome of the social processes, namely premium uptake rate, depends upon local characteristics of farmers and their network. It is not directly related to average characteristics. Some conclusions and recommendations about policy implementation can then be driven.
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Mason, Robb, and Shirley Randall. "Adult Education and Local Economic Development in Australia." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 5, no. 2 (July 1, 1995): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v5i2.396.
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Adult education has not been considered to have had a strong connection with local economic development. Changing economic circumstances for Australia, however, have forced a reconsideration of the relationship of education more broadly to work and economic matters. In so doing it has become apparent that local adult education agencies have had a more intimate connection with this area than has previously been realised. This has become more apparent as the importance of local involvement in the decision making over local economic matters has become more critical. Training for employment, small business development, enterprise education, awareness programs, the encouragement of entrepreneurialism are all aspects of econontic development impacted upon by adult education and described in this paper.
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Barclay, Kate. "The Social in Assessing for Sustainability. Fisheries in Australia." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 3 (November 5, 2012): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v4i3.2655.
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The notion that sustainability rests on three pillars – economic, environmental and social – has been widely accepted since the 1990s. In practice, however, the economic and environmental aspects have tended to dominate the sustainability agenda, and social aspects have been sidelined. Two reasons for this are: 1) there is a lack of data collected about which to build meaningful pictures of social aspects of sustainability for populations over time, and 2) there is a lack of recognition of the role of social factors in sustainability, and a related lack of understanding of how to analyse them in conjunction with economic and environmental factors. This paper surveys the literature about sustainability in fisheries, focussing on Australia, and focussing on the way social aspects have been treated. The paper finds that the problems that have been identified for assessing the social in sustainability in general are certainly manifest in fisheries. Management of Australian fisheries has arguably made great improvements to biological sustainability over the last decade, but much remains to be done to generate similar improvements in social sustainability for fishing communities. This is the case for government-run resource management as well as for initiatives from the private sector and conservation organizations as part of movements for corporate social responsibility and ethical consumerism. A significant challenge for improving sustainability in Australian fisheries, therefore, lies in improving data collection on social factors, and in bridging disciplinary divides to better integrate social with economic and biological assessments of sustainability.
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Emmanuel, Niyonshuti, and Mushinzimana Isaac. "Socio-economic Aspects Influencing Rural Household Adoption of Improved Clean Cookstoves: A Case of Rwanda in Africa." Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research 6, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbssr.v6i1.38127.
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Despite multiple socio-economic, health and environmental benefits of improved cook stove programmes, there is failure to capture the recognition worldwide and a set of sociocultural, economic, institutional barriers and cook stoves and fuel characteristics contribute to the slow adoption. This paper provides evidence of household driving factors that play a crucial role in the uptake of improved cook stoves empirically in Rwanda. The study was based on the fifth integrated household living standards survey (EICV-5) carried out by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. Using binary logistic regression analysis, the study utilised socio economic, stove and fuel factors for determining the adoption of usage of improved cook stove. The study revealed that for a substantially improved rate of adoption there should be consistent and focused cooperation of government and non-governmental organizations to work in parallel for developing energy policy frameworks like dissemination of improved cook stoves.
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GONAK, Igor. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 2(71) (2022): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2022.02.043.
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Introduction. Economic development of Ukraine in the third decade of the 21st century largely depends on the development of digital technologies, on which the cryptocurrency business directly depends. According to the Index proposed by chainalysis.com, Ukraine is one of the leaders in the world and the undisputed leader in Europe in the adoption of cryptocurrencies. This became possible thanks to the active development of financial and information technologies in Ukraine, and the financial, economic and military-political crises only give additional impetus to the development of the cryptocurrency business due to its global nature and full or indirect independence from attempts at state regulation. One of the areas of cryptocurrency business development is cryptocurrency mining. The purpose of the article is to reveal the algorithm of conducting business in the field of cryptocurrency mining and the economic efficiency of mining in Ukraine and the possibility of its impact on economic growth in the country. Results. Cryptocurrency mining is the process of creating cryptocurrency coins. It has been investigated that the cryptocurrency mining process is not a financial pyramid or some kind of virtual game, but is one of the newest types of business activity, which requires significant theoretical and practical economic and technical knowledge, is economically expedient both in the short and long term. When mining, you can use a variety of computer equipment, depending on the miner’s economic tasks and desired results. ASIC equipment has been developed for mining on an industrial scale. Cloud mining is used for investing. If there is no knowledge about mining and limited financial resources, you should use browser mining or mine on your own PC, laptop or smartphone. However, the most efficient and widespread mining takes place on video cards. It was found to be a by-product of mining. It is estimated that there is a slight correlation between the earnings of miners on the Ethermine mining pool and the daily mining profit. Conclusions. Although the history of cryptocurrency business is only one and a half decades, mining, as an object of business activity in Ukraine, is a significant economically effective type of business activity, which is noted in the world rating of the perception of cryptocurrencies, according to which Ukraine is one of the world leaders. Attempts to implement legal regulation of cryptocurrency mining both in Ukraine and in other countries, and its gradual implementation do not significantly harm the creation, distribution and use of cryptocurrency coins, however, will create transformed conditions for the economic attractiveness of cryptocurrency mining as business objects.
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Cooke, B. D., and L. P. Hunt. "Practical and economic aspects of rabbit control in hilly semiarid South Australia." Wildlife Research 14, no. 2 (1987): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870219.
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Poisoning, ripping of warrens and a combination of both techniques were assessed as means of controlling rabbits in steep areas of the southern Flinders Ranges in semiarid South Australia. The number of active warren entrances was reduced significantly by poisoning and by ripping. One month after treatment, untreated plots contained an average of 72.2 active entrances whereas the poisoned and ripped plots averaged 27.1 and 7.3 active entrances, respectively. A combination of both techniques reduced the number of active warren entrances even further, but this is not recommended because it increases the cost of control substantially. The efficiencies of a large and a small crawler tractor were compared. Costs of ripping were similar, and the suitability of each tractor is discussed. In the southern Flinders Ranges rabbit control is clearly economical in relation to the improvements in sheep production likely to be obtained.
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Garg, Ankit. "ASSESSMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES GROWTH IN PUNJAB STATE OF INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 8 (August 31, 2015): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i8.2015.2960.
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A strong industrial base is required for the socially and economic development of any country. The paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of small and medium scale enterprises with a comprehensive review on various aspects of ICT adoption. The study addresses the ICT adoption in their Small and Medium scale enterprises. There is significant difference between the SMEs growth that employed ICT adoption and that did not employed ICT adoption. Small and Medium Enterprises are considered to be the backbone of Punjab Economy.
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Crafts, Nicholas. "The contribution of new technology to economic growth: lessons from economic history." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 28, no. 3 (December 2010): 409–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610910000157.
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AbstractThis paper reviews the analysis of technological change by cliometricians. It focuses on lessons about total factor productivity (TFP) from growth accounting and on aspects of social capability that are conducive to the effective assimilation of new technology. Key messages are that when TFP growth is very rapid this typically involves reductions in inefficiency not just technological advance and that even really important new technologies have small initial effects on aggregate productivity. Incentive structures matter greatly for the adoption of new technology, but social capability is not independent of the technological epoch as the information and communications technology (ICT) era has emphasized to Europeans.
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Кручинина, Н., N. Kruchinina, Н. Кручинин, and N. Kruchinin. "Intraproductive Stimulation of Environmental Activity: Administrative and Legal and Economic Aspects." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 6, no. 4 (September 27, 2017): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59a519bf9ba3e4.03936047.
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Effective environmental management creates prerequisites for involving all categories of enterprise personnel in the adoption and implementation of high-quality solutions for environmental protection so that the interests of the enterprise do not damage the national economy. The interest of enterprises in carrying out effective environmental protection activities can be ensured on the basis of its intra-industrial incentives. The economic aspect of the system of intra-productive incentives is the development of mechanisms and specific indicators of incentives. The administrative and legal aspect of the system of intra-industrial stimulation of nature protection activities is to consolidate the developed mechanisms in local regulatory acts.
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Neidermeyer, Presha E., Jack Dorminey, and Alan J. Wilson. "Cultural Factors, Economic Affiliations And The Adoption Of International Financial Reporting Standards." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 28, no. 5 (August 21, 2012): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7225.
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; text-align: justify; mso-pagination: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">We examine cultural characteristics in the context of economic affiliation and the timing of IFRS adoption. Prior work identifies cultural characteristics as key factors in the development of accounting systems world-wide. Our analysis extends this literature by showing that these same factors lead to economic clusters and to the propensity for adopting a universally accepted set of accounting rules. We contribute to the literature by demonstrating that, at least in one case, cultural factors are able to predict economic affiliations. Second, we provide evidence that certain cultural characteristic are affiliated with the delay in adoption of IFRS. Our results are valuable to local as well as international accounting standard setters as they look to negotiate common ground for convergence. Our examination of the cultural aspects distinctive in adoption patterns may provide insight into what specific aspects of the IFRS must be modified to expand and accelerate convergence.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>
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GARNER, M. G., B. S. FISHER, and J. G. MURRAY. "Economic aspects of foot and mouth disease: perspectives of a free country, Australia." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 21, no. 3 (December 1, 2002): 625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.21.3.1357.
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Patterson, R. A. "SOME ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CATTLE INDUSTRY IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA." Australian Veterinary Journal 41, no. 7 (March 10, 2008): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1965.tb01831.x.
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Webber, M. "Enter the Dragon: Lessons for Australia from Northeast Asia?" Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 26, no. 1 (January 1994): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a260071.
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The 1980s saw a conscious restructuring of economic life in Australia. The direction of that restructuring was derived partly from prescriptions about the virtues of free trade and government deregulation. Another influence has been the view that the economic success of Japan and the Asian ‘dragons’ is because of their adoption of free trade and liberal market regimes. In this paper, evidence from Korea and Taiwan is used to show that this interpretation is seriously flawed. The growth of the dragons was not driven by comparative advantage. Rather, the industries of the dragons were set up independently of their competitiveness; some became competitive by exporting. Industrialisation in the newly industrialised countries (NICs) exemplifies a variety of forms of local initiative by a state: how does it have the will and power to create industrial policy? The development of state policy depends on local class structures and perceptions of the global political and economic environment that nullify attempts simply to copy policy into different social and economic circumstances. The lessons of the economic success of the Northeast Asian NICs are improperly drawn in two respects: these are dirigiste, not free market, economies; and even if that intervention has been for the good it does not follow that similar policies could be applied, much less be successful, in the different place that is Australia. This is the geographic lesson: places differ, and so, therefore, must policies.
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Evison, David Craig, Paul D. Kremer, and Jason Guiver. "MASS TIMBER CONSTRUCTION IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND—STATUS, AND ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON ADOPTION." Wood and Fiber Science 50, Special (August 13, 2018): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2018-046.
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Azmi, Nur Farahiah, Hazriah Hasan, and Mohd Nor Hakimin Yusoff. "ISLAMIC CHARITIES IN AUSTRALIA AND THE GOVERNANCE PREDICAMENTS." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 5, no. 18 (March 10, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631//ijlgc.518003.
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Islamic charity is one of the groups under the third sector or non-profit sector that mainly came out as a focal point in some countries. These Islamic charities made a significant contribution in various aspects in terms of religious, economic and social aspects. However, there are several issues and complexities faced by Islamic charities. Thus, this paper focuses on discussing Islamic charities in Australia through reviewing related literature. The paper also identifies some of the predicaments faced by Islamic charities and explores the authorities that may monitor the management and operation of Islamic charities. The findings of this paper offer insight for future researchers on possible solutions for governance.
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Blay, S. K. N., and B. M. Tsamenyi. "Australia and the Convention for the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (CRAMRA)." Polar Record 26, no. 158 (July 1990): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400011438.
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AbstractAustralia, a leading Antarctic state that played a key role in negotiating the Convention for the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities, in May 1989 announced its opposition to the Convention and adoption instead of a World Park or Wilderness Reserve concept for Antarctica. This article examines possible environmental and economic reasons for Australia's attitude, which is likely to have significant implications for the future of the Convention and for the Antarctic Treaty System as a whole.
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Mukhlis, Imam, Muhammad Syamsu Rizaludin, and Isnawati Hidayah. "Understanding Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Agroforestry on Rural Communities." Forests 13, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13040556.
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Several studies have highlighted the benefit of implementing agroforestry for rural communities. From the perspective of socio-economic, agroforestry can potentially improve smallholders’ income, increase food security, promote gender equality and stimulate cultural activities in rural areas. Furthermore, agroforestry can enhance ecosystem service through improved soil structure, increased carbon sequestration and higher water retention. Despite having many advantages, the adoption of agroforestry among rural communities, particularly among smallholder farmers in developing countries remains limited. The absence of agroforestry in public policy causes little recognition of this system to tackle the climate crisis as well as to improve rural livelihood. This may be due to, among others, a less comprehensive evidence on impacts that simultaneously touch upon social, economic as well as environmental aspects of agroforestry on the community. This review gives a special emphasis on the current evidence depicting the characteristics of agroforestry adoption, its benefits and potential drawbacks, as well as challenges for the adoption in some developing countries. The outcomes might help related stakeholders to make appropriate decisions to improve rural livelihood.
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Ivanov, Stanislav, and Craig Webster. "Robots in tourism: A research agenda for tourism economics." Tourism Economics 26, no. 7 (October 2, 2019): 1065–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816619879583.
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The technological advances in artificial intelligence and robotics allow the massive introduction of service robots by travel, tourism and hospitality companies. While research on service robots in tourism is gaining momentum, the economic aspects of robots’ adoption have been quite neglected. This article critically evaluates the current research on the economic aspects of service robots in tourism and the implications of robots for tourism economics as a field of research in three domains: tourism supply, tourism demand and destination management. In that way, the article delves into the economics of service robots from the perspectives of the tourism companies, the tourists and the destinations as a whole. On the basis of this discussion, the article identifies various research directions and develops specific research questions related to the adoption of robots in tourism that need to be answered by future research in tourism economics.
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Geetha, G. S., Joyce Rani Dasari, and Amit Saha. "Impact of Cluster Promotion Programme on Socio-Economic Aspects on Women Sericulture farmers in Karnataka, India." Current Agriculture Research Journal 8, no. 1 (April 22, 2020): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.8.1.10.
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This study was based on the primary household data collected to determine the impact of Cluster Promotion Programme (CPP) introduced to augment the production of bivoltine silk in India by Central Silk Board in coordination with state sericulture departments. Many technological interventions were made at individual and at community levels to increase the knowledge and adoption of new sericulture technologies. Studies in ten clusters attempted to address the impact of scheme on knowledge and adoption of new technologies and also on socio economic status of women sericulture farmers in Karnataka. Paired t-test was used to find out the impact of CPP on the beneficiaries before and after adopting the technological intervention. The findings this study indicated that the implementation of CPP has led to increased mulberry leaf production, dfls consumption, cocoon yield, cocoon price and income. Similarly, they found to have greater access to extension personnel (50.64%), extension communication activities (53.95%) and training (40%). Access to community intervention increased from 20 to 33%, credit increased to tune of 48.53% and self help group by 78.57%. Thus, implementation of CPP had increased knowledge and adoption of new technologies as well as socio economic status of women farmers. It may also be stated that the scheme was brought in a paradigm shift in the silkworm rearing in rural Karnataka. The sustained Bivoltine Silk Production depends to a large extent on transfer of new technologies at individual and community levels in a project mode with extensive planning and execution with greater involvement of the farmers in general and women farmers in particular in all stages.
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Vere, D. T., R. E. Jones, and P. M. Dowling. "Increasing the economic benefits from agricultural research: the case of enhancing the diffusion of a pasture weed technology." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 8 (2004): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03035.
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The process of enhancing the diffusion of a new technology attempts to shorten the time between the completion and adoption of an agricultural research programme, as well as to increase the overall level of adoption. The economic benefits of introducing a new technology are influenced by the technology development lag, the adoption lag and the maximum, or ceiling, level of adoption. Technology diffusion embodies these issues and concerns the uptake of a new technology across a population of potential adopters. Diffusion enhancement is now considered to be a desirable component of pasture research programmes in Australia. This paper evaluates the economic benefits of enhancing the diffusion process for new technology in the management of Vulpia, which is a prominent annual grass weed of Australian temperate pastures. Differences in economic benefits were calculated for a range of scenarios, by varying the values of the main elements of the diffusion process relative to those of a base scenario which represented the most optimistic adoption expectations for the technology. The discounted total benefits to the Australian wool industry, calculated for a 15-year period from reducing Vulpia in temperate pastures, were between A$31.9 million and A$287.3 million, according to differences in the pasture's Vulpia content. While the 2 main time components of the diffusion process both had strong effects on the potential benefits, the technology lag had a much larger influence than the adoption lag. This result emphasises the importance of agricultural research programmes that are able to quickly diffuse such technologies to the potential adopters.
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Isaías, Pedro, and Fábio Coelho. "Web 2.0 Tools Adoption Model." International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development 5, no. 3 (July 2013): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jicthd.2013070104.
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The Internet has become a major sales platform, assuming an emergent importance in increasing the economic growth of businesses. Web 2.0 has been a very important change in the way people use the internet and it has created an impact in all sectors of society. This study emphasises the importance of including Web 2.0 tools in online retailing as a contribution for success. The focus of this research lies in Portuguese online retailers and the elaboration of an adoption model for Web 2.0 tools. Through an observation of the 36 most visited Portuguese e-Commerce websites, it was possible to gather information on their adoption patterns of these tools. Social networks, Rich Internet Applications, mashups and Really Simple Syndication were the most popular tools, while semantic search, wikis and blogs were the least implemented. These and other aspects were gathered and then used to build a Web 2.0 adoption model.
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Kitheka, Emily Mumbua, Nellie Caroline Oduor, Timothy W. Namaswa, Josephine K. Musyoki, Joseph Githiomi, and Jane W. Mutinda. "Gender Aspects Influencing Adoption of Bioenergy Conservation Technologies, the Case Lower Eastern Kenya." International Journal of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Studies 7, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijbbbs.15/vol7n1115.
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This paper examines the influence of gender in adoption of biomass energy conservation in Eastern Kenya. The region suffers deforestation, environmental degradation and threatened species as result of overexploitation of tree resources for woodfuel production. The government of Kenya and development partners has developed and promoted energy conservation technologies in the region for increased access to sustainable energy resources in rural areas geared towards achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) relating to increased access to clean and affordable energy, the eradication of poverty and environmental sustainability, climate action as well as gender equality and the empowerment of women. Despite these efforts, adoption and continued use of improved bioenergy technologies has been low. The objective of the study was to determine gender aspects influencing adoption of biomass energy conservation technologies at household and community levels. The study was carried out in selected sub-counties of Kitui County using a survey design. Structured questionnaire and thematic guidelinesfor group discussions were used to collect data from 192 respondents. SPSS and Excel were used for data analysis. Results revealed that, at 0.05% level of significance, adoption of improved technologies were positively correlated to income and awareness levels. Inadequate awareness on benefits of improved bioenergy technologies among men, biased resource ownership, cultural roles and responsibilities, lack of inclusive decision making and over dependence on men and subsistence farming for financial support by women were indicated as key factors influencing adoption of improved technologies. The study concludes that though women are culturally responsible for provision of food and cooking energy, high poverty among women, and lack of awareness on the socio-economic benefits among men affects adoption of improved bioenergy technologies. The study recommends financial empowerment of women, inclusive decision making and mainstreaming gender at all levels of project implementation for increased adoption of new technologies.
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Emmanuel, Niyonshuti, and Mushinzimana Isaac. "Socio-economic Aspects Influencing Rural Household Adoption of Improved Clean Cook Stoves Case Study: Rwanda." American Journal of Modern Energy 7, no. 4 (2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20210704.11.
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Kolosov, Andrii. "Structural and Economic Aspects of the Donbass Reintegration Strategy." Herald of the Economic Sciences of Ukraine, no. 1(38) (2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/1729-7206.2020.1(38).79-85.
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An attempt is been made to present the structure of the Donbass reintegration strategy in the form of three interrelated processes: the development of controlled territories, the settlement of the armed conflict and the reintegration of certain regions of Donetsk and Lugansk regions. The stages of these processes are determined, interconnected by the logic of a politico-diplomatic settlement of the armed conflict in the Donbass. In the article is been proposed the structuring of the controlled territories of Donbass into four subregions, which differ in the specificity of their own development problems. According to the logical sequence and content of the implementation of the stages, each of them is determined by a list of acute problems, tasks and the results of their solution in order to socio-economic development of the region and improve the humanitarian living conditions of its residents. The principle of the formation of options for fulfilling the tasks of the stages should been taken into account in developing scenarios of the Donbass reintegration process is shown. The adoption of the proposed approach by the developers of the State Strategy for the Reintegration of Donbass would help to determine the tasks of immediate structural and economic transformations that are relevant already at the existing stage of the armed conflict. Certain acute nodes of the structural and economic problems of the controlled territory of Donbass can been used as proposals for the terms of reference for the development of the state strategies for the economic recovery of controlled territories and the reintegration of Donbass as a whole.
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Krásnická, Martina. "Legal and economic aspects of deeper EU integration in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072351.
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The deeper economic integration in form of fiscal union, bank union, or increased macroeconomic surveillance is for the Czech Republic not only the question of whether and when to enter the euro zone, but also whether and when to join the other institutes. The aim of this paper is to analyse the legal background of these instruments and estimate their possible economic impact. These hypotheses would be a subject of author’s further search. The future impact on enterprises in the Czech Republic is evident in some areas of the EU enhanced cooperation. Adoption of the euro is an example. Other aspects of deeper economic integration as for example the bank union do not impact the microsphere so obviously; however can significantly change the business environment in the country.
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Ediset, Ediset, and Jaswandi Jaswandi. "Metode Penyuluhan Dalam Adopsi Inovasi Inseminasi Buatan (Ib) Pada Usaha Peternakan Sapi Di Kabupaten Dharmasraya." JURNAL PETERNAKAN 14, no. 1 (April 17, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jupet.v14i1.3395.
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This research was conducted in the area Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. The purpose of this study determined : a) Method of extention in innovation adoption of artificial insemination (AI) in the cattle farm in the District Dharamasraya, and b) Social and economic factors that influence adoption of innovation Artificial Insemination (AI) in the cattle farm in the District Dharmasraya. This research used survey method and approach to the analysis of secondary data. The number of samples in this study were determined by quota sampling technique by reason of homogeneous samples, the farmers were already adopting innovations and cattle ranchers IB program participants snapping Birahi Artificial Insemination (GBIB) thus took a sample of 40 people. The data collected were primary data with the help of question naires and secondary data with the literature study and related agencies. Descriptive analysis of quantitative data which was calculated using a Likert scale. The results showed that the extension method in the adoption of IB in cattle breeding business in the Regency Dharmasraya been implemented, namely the extension methods home and farm visits with category, extension methods demonstrations by both categories, and the campaign extension methods with the medium category. Social and economic aspects such as business scale farmers, revenue, risk, active participation in the innovation adoption had no effect on aspects of the IB whereas age despite being influential in the adoption of innovation, but still in the category of less influential.
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Hager, Paul. "Is There a Cogent Philosophical Argument against Competency Standards?" Australian Journal of Education 38, no. 1 (April 1994): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494419403800101.
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In Australia and elsewhere, a sometimes heated debate is taking place about the significance for higher education of the adoption of competency standards by professions and other occupations. To many in the higher education sector, it is self-evident that competency standards cannot do justice to the professional aspects of an occupation. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that this conclusion is too hasty. There are various ways of conceptualising occupational competence. The paper argues that one of them does do justice to the variety and richness of the professional aspects of job performance. This conception of competence is shown to meet the more considered objections to competency standards in the philosophical literature, as well as various less well-articulated criticisms that have appeared in recent debate in Australia. The implications of this richer conception of competence for higher education are discussed.
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Areda, Camila Alves, Roni Cléber Bonizio, and Osvaldo de Freitas. "Pharmacoeconomy: an indispensable tool for the rationalization of health costs." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 47, no. 2 (June 2011): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502011000200004.
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Due to the considerable increase in public expenditure with health issues, mainly regarding drugs, several countries, including Australia and England, have already implemented, or are in the process of discussing the adoption of measures to ensure the quality of health care provided to the population. One of the less harmful strategies, rarely used in Brazil, is the adoption of economic techniques applied to health, more specifically, pharmacoeconomic analysis. This paper aims to contribute to the dissemination of concepts and techniques of economic analysis with a view to incorporate these into policy decisions of expenditure rationalization and the search for clinical efficiency. It includes a literature review covering the types of costs and benefits in health issues, the methodologies of pharmacoeconomic analysis, cost-minimization, cost-benefits, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis, as well as its main characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and applicability.
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Star, Megan, John Rolfe, Peter Long, Giselle Whish, and Peter Donaghy. "Improved grazing management practices in the catchments of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia: does climate variability influence their adoption by landholders?" Rangeland Journal 37, no. 5 (2015): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15012.
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The declining health of the Great Barrier Reef from diffuse source pollutants has resulted in substantial policy attention on increasing the adoption of improved management practices by agricultural producers. Although economic modelling indicates that many improved management practices are financially rewarding, landholders with dated management practices remain hesitant to change. This research involved bio-economic modelling to understand the variance in private returns for grazing enterprises across a climate cycle. Results show that financial returns to landholders can vary substantially across different 20-year periods of a climate cycle, demonstrating that the variability in expected returns may be an important reason why landholders are cautious about changing their management practices. Although previous research has separately identified financial returns and attitudes to risk and uncertainty of landholders as key influences on decisions concerning adoption of improved management practices, this research demonstrates that it is the interaction between these factors that is important to understand when designing policy settings.
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Burgess, Naomi, and Deborah Chen. "OP160 Enhancing Innovation Through HTA: Experience From South Australia." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318001666.
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Introduction:A statewide health technology assessment (HTA) program was implemented to increase equity of access and support robust assessment of technologies, with a focus on those that are high-cost, high-risk, or have state-wide impact.Methods:Local hospital networks and clinicians refer technologies to the South Australia Policy Advisory Committee on Technology (SAPACT) for assessment. Independently produced, comprehensive HTA reports are developed using internationally recognized evidence and critical appraisal methodologies. Clinical and economic systematic analyses are utilized, with extensive clinical consultation, to develop recommendations for new technologies and their role in models of care. Feasibility of adoption and local implementation are considered, including existing service delivery and appropriate training and credentialing. For approved technologies, SAPACT may also develop audit criteria and seek implementation reports on clinical outcomes.Results:The HTA framework has been successfully adopted across South Australia Health, increasing the incorporation of evidence-based decision making in the use of high-cost and high-risk health technologies. Over 35 evidence evaluations for high-risk and high-cost health technologies have been conducted for a broad range of treatment interventions. SAPACT develops and utilizes HTA decision-making criteria for transparency of Committee considerations. The program recommends adoption or rejection of technologies, or it may request a re-submission due to safety concerns or a lack of proven effectiveness. SAPACT has also granted temporary approval through adoption under clinical evaluation to inform investment decisions. A key component is working with clinicians to define specific treatment criteria and patient selection. SAPACT continues to strengthen relationships with all stakeholders, increase patient input through the development of public summary documents for technologies, and improve monitoring and reporting of clinical outcomes.Conclusions:The HTA program has been very productive and positively received. The success of the program is underpinned by its engagement with clinicians, hospital networks, and consumers. The completion of SAPACT HTA reviews and the publication of the SAPACT decision-making criteria have increased the credibility of decisions, supporting enhancements in patient care and cost efficiency for the state government.
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Sarker, Md Nazirul Islam, Most Nilufa Khatun, and GM Monirul Alam. "Islamic banking and finance: potential approach for economic sustainability in China." Journal of Islamic Marketing 11, no. 6 (November 21, 2019): 1725–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-04-2019-0076.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the unique aspects of Islamic finance and its role in economic development. It also explores the suitability of Islamic finance in China. Design/methodology/approach The paper explores the potential of Islamic banking and finance for economic sustainability in China. This study adopts the content analysis approach and focuses on various aspects of finance. Moreover, a critical investigation has been done by using various indicators of a new finance system adoption by considering the economic, cultural, religious and political aspects of China. Findings The study reveals that China already tested Islamic finance on a pilot basis in Ningxia, China. China is suitably positioned to adopt Islamic finance for its economic development. It also reports that Islamic finance will be more helpful to implement One Belt One Road initiative of China, as the Gulf and Arab Islamic finance-based countries are the major partners of China. This study analyzes Islamic micro-finance literature and proposes suitable measures for adoption in China. Practical implications Despite some limitations, the findings have a large implication on Islamic financing in general. It will be helpful to researchers and practitioners to understand the Islamic finance model for implementing it in a new environment. Social implications This study analyzes the demand, rules and regulations, related challenges and potential of launching Islamic banking and finance in China. Originality/value This study analyzes the demand, rules and regulations, related challenges and potential of launching Islamic banking and finance in China. The paper fills a gap to the existing literature on Islamic finance uniqueness, challenges and opportunities from the perspective of a non-Muslim country.
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Ashraf, Saleem, Ghazanfar Ali Khan, Shoukat Ali, and Muhammad Iftikhar. "Socio-economic determinants of the awareness and adoption of citrus production practices in Pakistan." Ciência Rural 45, no. 9 (July 10, 2015): 1701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20131227.
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Citrus is the leading fruit of Pakistan and famous worldwide especially kinnow cultivar because of its pleasant taste and remarkable quality. The yield of citrus per hectare in Pakistan is almost half of potential due to non-adoption of recommended horticultural practices by citrus growers. Adopting a decision regarding the improvement of practices is usually influenced by various factors including farmers' socio-economic attributes. In order to determine the relationship between socio-economic aspects and the awareness and adoption of recommended citrus production practices the present study was carried out in Sargodha district from central Punjab, Pakistan. The Study was based upon cross sectional survey research design due to availability of sampling frame, probability (random sampling) was applied for sample selection. Through random sampling, 120 citrus growers were selected as sample. Structured questionnaire administered through interview was used as a research instrument. Analysis of the data collected from the targeted citrus growers revealed a highly significant influence of education on awareness and adoption. Moreover, significant association was found between citrus cultivation area and awareness and adoption of improved practices. Age also showed significant association with awareness and adoption. Moreover, dominancy of middle aged farmers and illiteracyin the study area strongly point the need of provision of formal and non-formal education and training program for farmers. Young generation needs to be focused and reorientation of youth clubs may help in better way to gain the utmost outcome.
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Humphrys, Elizabeth. "Simultaneously deepening corporatism and advancing neoliberalism: Australia under the Accord." Journal of Sociology 54, no. 1 (March 2018): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783318760680.
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Given recent calls for a new social contract between the unions and government, it is timely to consider the relationship of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) prices and incomes Accord (1983–97) to the construction of neoliberalism in Australia. Contrary to most scholarly accounts, which posit the ALP and ACTU prices and incomes Accord and neoliberalism as exogenously related or competing processes, this article argues they were internally related aspects of economic transformation. The implementation of the Accord agreement deepened Australia’s existing corporatist arrangements while simultaneously advancing neoliberalism within a highly structured political-economic framework.
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Morozow, O. "ACCESS TO LAND FOR EXPLORATION — THE ADOPTION OF MULTIPLE LAND USE PRINCIPLES IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 28, no. 1 (1988): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87025.
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The continued access to land for exploration by the petroleum and mineral industries in Australia has been increasingly impeded by State and Commonwealth legislation aimed at dedicating Crown Land for single land uses.In September 1986, South Australia's Minister for Mines and Energy, Ron Payne, announced a Cabinet decision for 'a package of recommendations designed to foster multiple land-use concepts and to ensure that no land is alienated from exploration without careful consideration of the sub-surface mineral/petroleum potential, relevant economic factors and the existing and potential sub-surface rights'.In this one innovative and potentially far-reaching move, the South Australian Government has:provided a framework to reconcile conflicting interests;indicated a willingness to listen and act upon the expressed legitimate concerns of industries of vital economic importance to the State;made it necessary for the proponents of reserve areas such as National Parks to be more accountable and to provide balanced, scientific substantiation;indicated its intention to make legislative changes to allow for the adoption of multiple land-use principles; andredressed the imbalance where, in the words of the Minister, 'Legislation providing for Aboriginal land rights, the creation of national and conservation parks, and State Government heritage areas have, to varying degrees, created unforeseen consequences for the resources industry'.The first practical test of this new Government policy is the proposed declaration of the Innamincka Regional Reserve, currently a 14 000 sq km pastoral lease within some of the most productive areas of PELs 5 & 6 held jointly by Santos Ltd. and Delhi Petroleum Pty. Ltd.It is intended that this new form of reserve will allow for the protection of specific areas of environmental sensitivity and of cultural, scientific and historic value, while still allowing for the continuation of pastoral, tourist and petroleum exploration/ production activity within the major part of the reserve area.
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Pennino, Diego, Maurizio Pizzonia, Andrea Vitaletti, and Marco Zecchini. "Blockchain as IoT Economy Enabler: A Review of Architectural Aspects." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 11, no. 2 (March 29, 2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan11020020.
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In the IoT-based economy, a large number of subjects (companies, public bodies, or private citizens) are willing to buy data or services offered by subjects that provide, operate, or host IoT devices. To support economic transactions in this setting, and to pave the way for the implementation of decentralized algorithmic governance powered by smart contracts, the adoption of the blockchain has been proposed both in scientific literature and in actual projects. The blockchain technology promises a decentralized payment system independent of (and possibly cheaper than) conventional electronic payment systems. However, there are a number of aspects that need to be considered for an effective IoT–blockchain integration. In this review paper, we start from a number of real IoT projects and applications that (may) take advantage of blockchain technology to support economic transactions. We provide a reasoned review of several architectural choices in light of typical requirements of those applications and discuss their impact on transaction throughput, latency, costs, limits on ecosystem growth, and so on. We also provide a survey of additional financial tools that a blockchain can potentially bring to an IoT ecosystem, with their architectural impact. In the end, we observe that there are very few examples of IoT projects that fully exploit the potential of the blockchain. We conclude with a discussion of open problems and future research directions to make blockchain adoption easier and more effective for supporting an IoT economy.