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Journal articles on the topic 'Adolescent low back pain'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

RD, Bellah, Summerville DA, Treves ST, and Micheli. "Low-back pain in adolescent athletes." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199201000-00012.

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2

KUJALA, URHO M., SIMO TAIMELA, MINNA ERKINTALO, JOUKO J. SALMINEN, and JAAKKO KAPRIO. "Low-back pain in adolescent athletes." Medicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise 28, no. 2 (February 1996): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199602000-00002.

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3

Kraft, Daniel E. "Low back pain in the adolescent athlete." Pediatric Clinics of North America 49, no. 3 (June 2002): 643–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(02)00007-x.

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4

De Luigi, Arthur Jason. "Low Back Pain in the Adolescent Athlete." Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 25, no. 4 (November 2014): 763–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2014.06.004.

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5

Standaert, Christopher J. "Low Back Pain in the Adolescent Athlete." Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 19, no. 2 (May 2008): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2008.01.002.

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6

Ralston, Shawn, and Michael Weir. "Suspecting Lumbar Spondylolysis in Adolescent Low Back Pain." Clinical Pediatrics 37, no. 5 (May 1998): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000992289803700502.

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7

Mjaanes, Jeffrey M., and William W. Briner. "Low Back Pain in an Adolescent Football Player." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): S130—S131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-01474.

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8

Borenstein, David G., and Federico Balagué. "Low Back Pain in Adolescent and Geriatric Populations." Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 47, no. 2 (May 2021): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2020.12.001.

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9

Sakboonyarat, Boonsub, Kritchaporn Chokcharoensap, Monai Meesaeng, Nattapong Jaisue, Dusit Janthayanont, and Phutsapong Srisawat. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Low Back Pain (LBP) among Adolescents in Central, Thailand." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 2 (December 19, 2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n2p49.

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BACKGROUND: Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders found from adolescent to the elderly. These affect the quality of life of adolescents due to the inability to fully perform any activity. The information concerning LBP in Thailand is still limited especially among adolescents. Most related studies were conducted among young adult. The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and the associated factors of LBP among adolescents in Central Thailand.METHODS: A total of 4944 adolescents were included in the study. The Nordic Standard Questionnaire (NSQ) was used to screen LBP conditions among these adolescents. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect demographic data and associated factors.RESULTS: The prevalence of LBP among adolescents was 26.7%. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that adolescents with LBP were associated with both behavioral and physical activity factors. These factors included sex, grade, using a smartphone, transportation to school, suitability of chairs and desks, history of back injury and low frequency of exerciseCONCLUSION: Our data emphasized that LBP was a problem among adolescent. Supportive exercise and physical activity should be provided for adolescents.

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10

Sweeney, Emily A., Morgan N. Potter, James P. MacDonald, and David R. Howell. "Low back pain in female adolescent gymnasts and functional pain scales." Physical Therapy in Sport 38 (July 2019): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.04.019.

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11

Gera, A., P. C. Pereira, and C. Eapen. "Low Back Pain in Adolescent Athletes; Evaluation and Rehabilitation." Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18376//2015/v11i2/67706.

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12

Grimmer, Karen, and Marie Williams. "Gender-age environmental associates of adolescent low back pain." Applied Ergonomics 31, no. 4 (August 2000): 343–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-6870(00)00002-8.

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13

Hart, Lawrence E. "Radiologic Abnormalities and Low Back Pain in Adolescent Skiers." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 12, no. 3 (May 2002): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200205000-00016.

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14

Bernhardt, D. "Low Back Pain in Adolescents." AAP Grand Rounds 24, no. 2 (August 1, 2010): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/gr.24-2-24.

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15

Fontecha, Cesar G., Federico Balagué, Ferran Pellisé, Luis Rajmil, Mario Aguirre, Maribel Pasarín, Christine Cedraschi, and Montse Ferrer. "Low Back Pain in Adolescents." Spine 36, no. 17 (August 2011): E1154—E1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e318203ed5b.

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16

Dyment, Paul G. "Low Back Pain in Adolescents." Pediatric Annals 20, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0090-4481-19910401-05.

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17

Yang, Scott, Brian C. Werner, Anuj Singla, and Mark F. Abel. "Low Back Pain in Adolescents." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 37, no. 5 (2017): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bpo.0000000000000653.

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18

Guddal, Maren Hjelle, Synne Øien Stensland, Milada Cvancarova Småstuen, Marianne Bakke Johnsen, John-Anker Zwart, and Kjersti Storheim. "Physical Activity Level and Sport Participation in Relation to Musculoskeletal Pain in a Population-Based Study of Adolescents." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 232596711668554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967116685543.

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Background: Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among adolescents is high, and pain in adolescence increases the risk of chronic pain in adulthood. Studies have shown conflicting evidence regarding associations between physical activity and musculoskeletal pain, and few have evaluated the potential impact of sport participation on musculoskeletal pain in adolescent population samples. Purpose: To examine the associations between physical activity level, sport participation, and musculoskeletal pain in the neck and shoulders, low back, and lower extremities in a population-based sample of adolescents. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence 4. Methods: Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (Young-HUNT3) were used. All 10,464 adolescents in the Nord-Trøndelag county of Norway were invited, of whom 74% participated. Participants were asked how often they had experienced pain, unrelated to any known disease or acute injury, in the neck and shoulders, low back, and lower extremities in the past 3 months. The associations between (1) physical activity level (low [reference], medium or high) or (2) sport participation (weekly compared with no/infrequent participation) and pain were evaluated using logistic regression analyses, stratified by sex, and adjusted for age, socioeconomic status, and psychological distress. Results: The analyses included 7596 adolescents (mean age, 15.8 years; SD, 1.7). Neck and shoulder pain was most prevalent (17%). A moderate level of physical activity was associated with reduced odds of neck and shoulder pain (OR = 0.79 [95% CI, 0.66-0.94]) and low back pain (OR = 0.75 [95% CI, 0.62-0.91]), whereas a high level of activity increased the odds of lower extremity pain (OR = 1.60 [95% CI, 1.29-1.99]). Participation in endurance sports was associated with lower odds of neck and shoulder pain (OR = 0.79 [95% CI, 0.68-0.92]) and low back pain (OR = 0.77 [95% CI, 0.65-0.92]), especially among girls. Participation in technical sports was associated with increased odds of low back pain, whereas team sports were associated with increased odds of lower extremity pain. Strength and extreme sports were related to pain in all regions. Conclusion: We found that a moderate physical activity level was associated with less neck and shoulder pain and low back pain, and that participation in endurance sports may be particularly beneficial. Our findings highlight the need for health care professionals to consider the types of sports adolescents participate in when evaluating their musculoskeletal pain.

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19

Olsen, T. L., R. L. Anderson, S. R. Dearwater, A. M. Kriska, J. A. Cauley, D. J. Aaron, and R. E. LaPorte. "The epidemiology of low back pain in an adolescent population." American Journal of Public Health 82, no. 4 (April 1992): 606–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.82.4.606.

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20

Carter, S. "Managing adolescent low back pain—A new approach to imaging." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12 (January 2009): S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2008.12.110.

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21

SMITH, JASON R., and AMER F. SAMDANI. "An unusual cause of low back pain in an adolescent." Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 21, no. 10 (October 2008): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01720610-200810000-00014.

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22

Tiira, A. H., M. V. Paananen, S. P. Taimela, P. J. Zitting, M. R. Järvelin, and J. I. Karppinen. "Determinants of adolescent health care use for low back pain." European Journal of Pain 16, no. 10 (July 13, 2012): 1467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00178.x.

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23

Geraci, Michael C., Walter Brown, and James R. Velasquez. "Low Back Pain in Adolescent Athletes: Diagnosis, Rehabilitation, and Prevention." Athletic Therapy Today 10, no. 5 (September 2005): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/att.10.5.6.

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24

Wessely, Michelle A., Timothy J. Mick, and James Brandt. "Low back pain in an adolescent American Footballer: Case presentation." Clinical Chiropractic 13, no. 1 (March 2010): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clch.2010.02.012.

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Wessely, Michelle A., Timothy J. Mick, and James Brandt. "Low back pain in an adolescent American Footballer: Case discussion." Clinical Chiropractic 13, no. 1 (March 2010): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clch.2010.02.013.

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26

Garvick, Sarah J., Candice Creecy, Megan Miller, Lorae Schafer, Alex Spooner, Ann Wallace Tazewell, and Tanya Gregory. "Evaluating low back pain in adolescents." Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 32, no. 12 (December 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jaa.0000604852.26078.91.

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27

Adegoke, BOA, AC Odole, and AA Adeyinka. "Adolescent low back pain among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria." African Health Sciences 15, no. 2 (May 28, 2015): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i2.16.

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28

Gooden, Jasmin Mosley, Michael Fong, and Marissa S. Vasquez. "Low Back and Bilateral Posterior Hip Pain in an Adolescent Female." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S (May 2017): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000517326.74463.48.

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29

Sweeney, Emily A., Ariel Kiyomi Daoud, Morgan N. Potter, Lauren Ritchie, and David R. Howell. "Association Between Flexibility and Low Back Pain in Female Adolescent Gymnasts." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 29, no. 5 (September 2019): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jsm.0000000000000660.

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30

Schmidt, C., S. Zwingenberger, A. Walther, U. Reuter, P. Kasten, J. Seifert, K. P. Günther, and M. Stiehler. "Prevalence of Low Back Pain in Adolescent Athletes – an Epidemiological Investigation." International Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 08 (January 14, 2014): 684–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1358731.

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31

Maehara, Yasushi, Takashi Sakou, Kazunori Yone, Akitoshi Masuda, Mitsuhiro Yanase, Sumio Takishita, Syouichi Wada, and Takeshi Imamura. "Low back pain in children and adolescents." Orthopedics & Traumatology 38, no. 4 (1990): 1634–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5035/nishiseisai.38.1634.

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32

O'Sullivan, Kieran, Mary O'Keeffe, Bruce B. Forster, Sadia Raheez Qamar, Andrew van der Westhuizen, and Peter B. O'Sullivan. "Managing low back pain in active adolescents." Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology 33, no. 1 (February 2019): 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2019.02.005.

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33

Moreno, Megan A. "Low Back Pain in Children and Adolescents." JAMA Pediatrics 171, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.3091.

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34

Korovessis, Panagiotis, Thomas Repantis, and Andreas Baikousis. "Factors Affecting Low Back Pain in Adolescents." Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques 23, no. 8 (December 2010): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bsd.0b013e3181bf99c6.

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35

Wall, Christopher M., Mark V. Paterno, and Peter F. Sturm. "Lumbar Spine Osteomyelitis in an Adolescent Girl With Nonspecific Low Back Pain." Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 47, no. 10 (October 2017): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2017.6883.

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36

O'Sullivan, Peter, Anne Smith, Darren Beales, and Leon Straker. "Understanding Adolescent Low Back Pain From a Multidimensional Perspective: Implications for Management." Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 47, no. 10 (October 2017): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2017.7376.

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37

Perich, D., A. Burnett, P. O'Sullivan, and C. Perkin. "LOW BACK PAIN IN ADOLESCENT FEMALE ROWERS: A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY INTERVENTION STUDY." Journal of Biomechanics 40 (January 2007): S654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(07)70642-5.

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38

Potter, Morgan N., David R. Howell, and Emily A. Stuart. "The Relationship Between Flexibility and Low Back Pain in Female Adolescent Gymnasts." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 5S (May 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000535405.78917.f4.

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39

Zapata, Karina Amani, Sharon S. Wang-Price, Daniel J. Sucato, Mary Thompson, Elaine Trudelle-Jackson, and Venita Lovelace-Chandler. "Spinal Stabilization Exercise Effectiveness for Low Back Pain in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis." Pediatric Physical Therapy 27, no. 4 (2015): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pep.0000000000000174.

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40

Arampatzis, Adamantios, Gunnar Laube, Arno Schroll, Johannes Frank, Sebastian Bohm, and Falk Mersmann. "Perturbation‐based exercise for prevention of low‐back pain in adolescent athletes." Translational Sports Medicine 4, no. 1 (September 4, 2020): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.191.

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41

Perich, Debra, Angus Burnett, Peter O’Sullivan, and Chris Perkin. "Low back pain in adolescent female rowers: a multi-dimensional intervention study." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 19, no. 1 (June 12, 2010): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-010-1173-6.

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42

Ng, Leo, Debra Perich, Angus Burnett, Amity Campbell, and Peter O'Sullivan. "Self-reported prevalence, pain intensity and risk factors of low back pain in adolescent rowers." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 17, no. 3 (May 2014): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.08.003.

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43

Yokoe, Takuji, Takuya Tajima, Hiroshi Sugimura, Shinichirou Kubo, Shotarou Nozaki, Nami Yamaguchi, Yudai Morita, and Etsuo Chosa. "Predictors of Spondylolysis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adolescent Athletes With Low Back Pain." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 232596712199546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121995466.

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Background: Spondylolysis and undiagnosed mechanical low back pain (UMLBP) are the main causes of low back pain (LBP) in adolescent athletes. No studies have evaluated the difference in clinical and radiographic factors between these 2 conditions. Furthermore, it remains unclear which adolescent athletes with LBP should undergo advanced imaging examination for spondylolysis. Purpose: To compare the clinical and radiographic factors of adolescent athletes with spondylolysis and UMLBP who did not have neurological symptoms or findings before magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation and to determine the predictors of spondylolysis findings on MRI. Study Design: Cohort study, Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study population included 122 adolescent athletes aged 11 to 18 years who had LBP without neurological symptoms or findings and who underwent MRI. Of these participants, 75 were ultimately diagnosed with spondylolysis, and 47 were diagnosed with UMLBP. Clinical factors and the following radiographic parameters were compared between the 2 groups: spina bifida occulta, lumbar lordosis (LL) angle, and the ratio of the interfacet distance of L1 to that of L5 (L1:L5 ratio, %). A logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate independent predictors of spondylolysis on MRI scans. Results: Significantly more athletes with spondylolysis were male (82.7% vs 48.9%; P < .001), had a greater LL angle (22.8° ± 8.1° vs 19.3° ± 8.5°; P = .02), and had a higher L1:L5 ratio (67.4% ± 6.3% vs 63.4% ± 6.6%; P = .001) versus athletes with UMLBP. A multivariate analysis revealed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 4.66; P < .001) and an L1:L5 ratio of >65% (OR, 3.48; P = .003) were independent predictors of positive findings of spondylolysis on MRI scans. Conclusion: The study findings indicated that sex and the L1:L5 ratio are important indicators for whether to perform MRI as an advanced imaging examination for adolescent athletes with LBP who have no neurological symptoms and findings.

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44

Jung, Kyoung-sim, Jin-hwa Jung, Tae-sung In, and Hwi-young Cho. "The Effectiveness of Trunk Stabilization Exercise Combined with Vibration for Adolescent Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 7024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197024.

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There are many adolescent patients complaining of low back pain, but research on it is lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of trunk stabilization exercise combined with vibration on the pain, proprioception, and kinematics of the lumbar spine (LS) during sit to stand (STS) in adolescent patients with nonspecific low back pain (LBP). Fifty LBP patients were recruited and were randomly divided into two groups: Vibration group (n = 25) and placebo group (n = 25). All participants underwent 36-sessions of training consisting of six exercises. The Vibration group provided vibration stimulation during exercise, but the placebo group did not. The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and digital dual inclinometer were used to measure pain intensity and proprioception. The kinematics of the lumbar spine during STS were measured by motion capture system. After training, the pain and proprioception in the vibration group improved significantly greater than the placebo group (p < 0.05). The mobility of LS (maximum range of motion, angular velocity, lumbar to hip movement ratios) and lumbar-hip coordination during STS in the vibration group were significantly improved compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). Thus, trunk stabilization exercise combined with vibration may be used to improve the pain, proprioception, and kinematic of the lumbar spine during sit to stand in adolescent patients with LBP.

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45

Smith, Anne J., Peter B. O'Sullivan, Darren Beales, and Leon Straker. "Back Pain Beliefs Are Related to the Impact of Low Back Pain in 17-Year-Olds." Physical Therapy 92, no. 10 (October 1, 2012): 1258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110396.

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Background Disability in adults with low back pain (LBP) is associated with negative back pain beliefs (BPBs). Adult BPBs can be positively influenced with education, resulting in reduced LBP disability. By late adolescence, the prevalence of LBP reaches adult levels. The relationship among LBP experience, LBP impact, and BPBs has not been investigated in late adolescence. Objective The aim of this study was to document unknown relationships among LBP experience, LBP impact, and BPBs in 17-year-olds. Design A cross-sectional study design was used. Methods Adolescents (n=1,126) in the Raine Study provided full information on LBP, LBP impact (sought professional advice or treatment, taken medication, missed school or work, interfered with normal activities, interfered with physical activities), BPBs, and a number of covariates. Results Back pain beliefs were more positive in participants with experience of LBP (X̄=30.2, SD=5.6) than in those without experience of LBP (X̄=28.5, SD=5.1). Individuals with LBP without activity modification impacts had more positive BPBs than those with activity modification impacts, even after adjustment for mental well-being and sex. The adjusted difference in BPBs between participants with experience of LBP but no activity modification impacts and those reporting all 3 activity modification impacts was 2.9 points (95% confidence interval=1.7 to 4.2). Participants with no activity modification impacts had more positive BPBs than those with no experience of LBP (adjusted difference=2.2 points, 95% confidence interval=1.4 to 2.9). More positive BPBs also were associated with female sex, lower body mass index, higher family income, better 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Mental Health scale scores, and more positive primary caregiver beliefs. Limitations Cause and effect cannot be ascertained with the cross-sectional design. Conclusion Differences in BPBs are associated with different levels of LBP impact at 17 years of age. This finding provides a potential target for intervention early during the life course.

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46

Carraro, Attilio, Martina Gnech, Fabio Sarto, Diego Sarto, Jörg Spörri, and Stefano Masiero. "Lower Back Complaints in Adolescent Competitive Alpine Skiers: A Cross-Sectional Study." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 7408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217408.

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Background: Little is known about lower back complaints in adolescent competitive alpine skiers. This study assessed their prevalence and severity (i.e., intensity and disability) with respect to sex, category, discipline preference, and training attributes. Methods: 188 competitive skiers aged 15 to 18 years volunteered in this study. Data collection included (i) questions on participants’ demographics, sports exposure, discipline preferences, and other sports-related practices; (ii) the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire on lower back complaints; and (iii) the Graded Chronic Pain Scale. Results: As many as 80.3% and 50.0% of all skiers suffered from lower back complaints during the last 12 months and 7 days, respectively. A total of 50.7% reported their complaints to be attributable to slalom skiing, and 26% to giant slalom. The majority of complaints were classified as low intensity/low disability (Grade I, 57.4%) and high intensity/low disability complaints (Grade II, 21.8%). The Characteristic Pain Intensity was found to be significantly related to the skiers’ years of sports participation, number of competitions/season, and number of skiing days/season. Conclusion: This study further supports the relatively high magnitudes of lower back-related pain in adolescent competitive alpine skiers, with a considerable amount of high intensity (but low disability) complaints, and training attributes being a key driver.

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47

Diniz, Ricardo Edésio Amorim Santos, José Goldenberg, José Carlos Medina de Carvalho, Carlos Eduardo Sales Gomes, Evelin Diana Goldenberg, and Angelo Sementille. "Lymphoma of unknown origin located in paravertebral muscles: an unusual cause of low back pain in children." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 113, no. 4 (August 1995): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31801995000400006.

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48

Al-Taiar, Abdullah, Abdur Rahman, Reem Al-Sabah, Lemia Shaban, Anwar H. AlBaloul, Sean Banaee, and Muge Akpinar-Elci. "Vitamin D levels in relation to low back pain during adolescence." British Journal of Nutrition 123, no. 11 (February 26, 2020): 1302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520000720.

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AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and low back pain (LBP) among adolescents while adjusting for potential confounders pertinent to this age group including the weight of school bags, BMI and physical activity. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 760 randomly selected adolescents in middle schools. Data on LBP and the risk factors for LBP were collected from parents by a self-administered questionnaire and from adolescents by face-to-face interview. Blood samples were tested in an accredited laboratory; and 25(OH)D was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem MS. The lifetime prevalence and the 6-month prevalence of LBP were 32·28 (95 % CI 28·97, 35·73) % and 21·26 (95 % CI 18·40, 24·33) %, respectively. There was no difference in the geometric mean of 25(OH)D between those with and without LBP in the past 6 months (28·50 nmol/l and 30·82 nmol/l, respectively; P = 0·122). There was no association between 25(OH)D and LBP in the univariable or multivariable analysis whether 25(OH)D fitted as a continuous or as a categorical variable. We found no association between vitamin D level and LBP in adolescents in an area with high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Although it is important to have sufficient vitamin D levels during adolescence for several other health benefits, we concluded that vitamin D is not a major determinant for LBP among adolescents in our setting.

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Cavalcante Filho, Draut Ernani Aires, Cristiano Nunes de Lima Viana, Maria do Perpétuo Socorro De Santana Cabral, Francisco Valmor Macedo Cunha, Fernanda De Sousa Pacheco, Ana Karolinne Da Silva Brito, Regina Célia de Assis, and Maria do Carmo De Carvalho e. Martins. "LOW BACK PAIN IN ADOLESCENTS: A SCHOOL SCREENING." Journal of Human Growth and Development 24, no. 3 (December 17, 2014): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhdg.88975.

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Sjölie, Noreng. "Psychosocial correlates of low-back pain in adolescents." European Spine Journal 11, no. 6 (September 6, 2002): 582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-002-0412-z.

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