Academic literature on the topic 'Admission of nonimmigrants – Ontario – Toronto'

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Journal articles on the topic "Admission of nonimmigrants – Ontario – Toronto"

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Raboud, Janet, Sandra Blitz, Tony Antoniou, Mona Loutfy, and Sharon Walmsley. "Recent Immigrants Show improved Clinical Outcomes at a Tertiary Care HIV Clinic." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 23, no. 1 (2012): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/963474.

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BACKGROUND: In recent years, the proportion of patients attending tertiary care HIV clinics who are recent immigrants to Canada has increased dramatically.METHODS: Among patients first seen at the Toronto Hospital Immunodeficiency Clinic (Toronto, Ontario) between January 1, 2000 and August 31, 2009, the time to death from the first positive HIV test was compared between individuals who had immigrated to Canada within 10 years of their first visit and individuals who were either Canadian-born or who had immigrated more than 10 years before their first clinic visit. In addition, for the antiretroviral-naive patients in these two groups who initiated combination antiretroviral therapy, the time to and the duration of virologic suppression were compared.RESULTS: In a multivariable proportional hazards (PH) model, recent immigrant status was associated with decreased mortality (HR 0.11, P=0.03) after adjusting for age, CD4 count and the risk factor for men having sex with men. In multivariable PH models, recent female immigrants achieved virologic suppression more quickly (HR 1.51, P=0.02), while male immigrants (HR 1.14, P=0.44) and female nonimmigrants (HR 0.90, P=0.61) had similar times to virologic suppression as male nonimmigrants, respectively, after adjusting for the year of and viral load at combination antiretroviral therapy initiation. When pregnant women were removed from the analysis, there were no significant differences in the rates of virologic rebound according to sex or immigration status.DISCUSSION: Despite the perceived barriers of newcomers to Canada, mortality was lower among recent immigrants and virologic suppression was achieved more quickly in recent female immigrants.
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Jamal, Alainna, Brenda Coleman, Jennie Johnstone, Kevin Katz, Matthew P. Muller, Samir Patel, Roberto Melano, et al. "512. Healthcare-Acquired (HA) Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriales (CPE) in Southern Ontario, Canada: To Whom Are We Transmitting CPE?" Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S247—S248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.581.

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Abstract Background Though CPE in Canada are mainly acquired abroad, outbreaks/transmission in Canadian hospitals have been reported. We determined the incidence of HA CPE in southern Ontario, Canada, to inform prevention and control programs. Methods Toronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases Network (TIBDN) has performed population-based surveillance for CPE in the Toronto area/Peel region of southern Ontario, Canada, since CPE were first identified in October 2007. Clinical microbiology laboratories report all CPE isolates to TIBDN; annual lab audits are performed. Incidence calculations used first isolates as numerator; denominator (patient-days/fiscal year for Toronto/Peel hospitals) was from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Results The incidence of HA CPE has risen from 0 in 2007/2008 to 0.45 and 0.28 per 100,000 patient-days for all and clinical cases, respectively, in 2017/2018 (Figure, P < 0.0001). 190/790 (24%) incident cases of CPE colonization/infection in southern Ontario from October 2007 to December 2018 were likely HA (hospitalized in Ontario with no history of hospitalization abroad/high-risk travel). Eighty (25%) were female and the median age was 73 years (IQR 57–83 years). 157 (83%) had no prior travel abroad and 33 (17%) had prior low-risk travel. 122 (64%) had their CPE identified >72 hours post-admission (of which 83 also had ≥1 other prior Ontario hospitalization); 68 (36%) had their CPE identified at admission but had recent prior Ontario hospitalization. HA cases vs. foreign acquisitions were significantly more likely K. pneumoniae (48% vs. 38%, P = 0.02) and Enterobacter spp. (20% vs. 7%, P < 0.0001) and less likely E. coli (20% vs. 48%, P < 0.0001). Genes of HA vs. foreign acquisitions were significantly more likely blaKPC (34% vs. 12%, P < 0.0001) and blaVIM (12% vs. 2%, P < 0.0001) and less likely blaNDM±OXA (38% vs. 56%, P < 0.0001) and blaOXA (13% vs. 27%, P = 0.0001). 36 (19%) HA cases had a negative CPE screen before their first positive CPE test (10/36 (28%) were on admission). The median incidence of HA CPE per 100,000 patient-days at each hospital was 0.44 (IQR 0.15–0.68) (P < 0.0001). Conclusion A quarter of CPE cases in southern Ontario were HA and the incidence of HA cases is increasing. Most cases were admitted to >1 Ontario hospital. Strategies to control transmission are critical. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Sándor, George Kb, Howard M. Clarke, Hugh G. Thomson, and Ronald M. Zuker. "Pediatric Burns: A Decade Later." Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 5, no. 4 (December 1997): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/229255039700500404.

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The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario serves as a regional pediatric burn centre for metropolitan Toronto and the province of Ontario. The demographics and outcomes of the admissions of burn patients are reviewed periodically to help in future planning of resources and preventive strategies. This study was designed to review recent admissions and detect trends of the past decade by comparing admission and outcome data from two cohorts: one from 1986 to 1988 and one from 1977 to 1979. The number of admissions increased during the past decade. There was a lower proportion of patients with flame burns and a higher proportion with scald burns. This may be due to a combination of preventive measures and changing demographics. The overall mortality rate decreased from 2.2% in the previous decade to 0.78% in the past decade.
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Faheem, Amna, Alainna Jamal, Hassan Kazi, Brenda Coleman, Lubna Farooqi, Jennie Johnstone, Kevin Katz, et al. "501. Risk of Infection in Persons Colonized with Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriales (CPE) in Ontario, Canada." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.570.

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Abstract Background We aimed to assess the risk of subsequent infection among patients colonized by CPE. Methods The Toronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases Network (TIBDN) has conducted population-based surveillance for CPE colonization/infection in Toronto and Peel region, Ontario, Canada, since CPE were first identified (2007). All laboratories report all CPE isolates to TIBDN. Clinical data are collected via patient interview and hospital chart review. Initially colonized patients are followed for 5y; subsequent CPE infection is defined as an episode with onset >3 days after initial detection of CPE colonization that meets National Healthcare Safety Network criteria for infection with a clinical isolate of CPE. Results From 2007 to 2018, 790 persons with CPE colonization/infection were identified. Among 364 cases colonized at identification, 42 (12%) subsequently had at least one clinical isolate, and 23 (6%) had an infection: 8 with bacteremia (primary or secondary), 7 UTI, 5 pneumonia, and 3 other. The median time from identification of colonization to infection was 21 days (IQR 7–38), with a probability of developing an infection of 7% at 3 months, and 18% by 3 years (figure). In 305 cases with data available to date, older persons, those admitted to the ICU, and those with current/recent invasive medical devices were more likely to develop infection (table). Gender, underlying conditions and other procedures were not associated with risk of infection. There was a trend to infections being more likely in patients colonized with K. pneumoniae (52% vs. 35%, P = 0.13). Conclusion The risk of subsequent infection in our cohort was 18%, with highest risk in the first 3 months; most infections occurred in patients requiring intensive care unit admission and invasive medical devices. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Coleman, Brenda L., Wil Ng, Vinaya Mahesh, Maja McGuire, Kazi Hassan, Karen Green, Shelly McNeil, Allison J. McGeer, and Kevin Katz. "Active Surveillance for Influenza Reduces but Does Not Eliminate Hospital Exposure to Patients With Influenza." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 38, no. 4 (January 10, 2017): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.321.

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OBJECTIVETo describe the frequency, characteristics, and exposure associated with influenza in hospitalized patients in a Toronto hospitalDESIGN/METHODProspective data collected for consenting patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza and a retrospective review of infection control charts for roommates of cases over 3 influenza seasonsRESULTSOf the 661 patients with influenza (age range: 1 week–103 years), 557 were placed on additional precautions upon admission. Of 104 with symptoms detected after admission, 57 cases were community onset and 47 were nosocomial (10 nosocomial were part of outbreaks). A total of 78 cases were detected after admission exposing 143 roommates. Among roommates tested for influenza after exposure, no roommates of community-onset cases and 2 of 16 roommates of nosocomial cases were diagnosed with influenza. Of 637 influenza-infected patients, 25% and 57% met influenza-like illness definitions from the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), respectively, and 70.3% met the Provincial Infectious Diseases Advisory Committee (PIDAC) febrile respiratory illness definition. Among the 56 patients with community-onset influenza detected after admission, only 13%, 23%, and 34%, met PHAC, CDC, and PIDAC classifications, respectively.CONCLUSIONSIn a setting with extensive screening and testing for influenza, 1 in 6 patients with influenza was not diagnosed until patients and healthcare workers had been exposed for >24 hours. Only 30% of patients with community-onset influenza detected after admission met the Ontario definition intended to identify cases, hampering efforts to prevent patient and healthcare worker exposures and reinforcing the need for prevention through vaccination.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:387–392
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McGeer, Allison, Agron Plevneshi, Kazi Hassan, Wayne Gold, Larissa Matukas, Tony Mazzulli, David Richardson, et al. "1309. Incidence and Epidemiology of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease due to Serotype 3 in South-Central Ontario." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1501.

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Abstract Background In our population, the most common serotype (ST) of S. pneumoniae causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is now ST 3. We undertook an analysis of population based surveillance for IPD to examine the incidence and epidemiology of ST 3 disease over the last 25 years. Methods The Toronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases Network has performed population-based surveillance for IPD in Toronto/Peel region (pop’n 4.5M) since 1995. All sterile site isolates of S. pneumoniae are reported to a central study laboratory, isolates are serotyped, and clinical and vaccination data are collected via patient and physician interview and chart review. Population data are obtained from Statistics Canada. Results From 1995-2020, 11032 episodes of IPD occurred; 10015 had STs available, and 10484 clinical data. Overall, ST 3 comprised 9.2% of cases (N=931). Compared to other patients with IPD, those with ST 3 IPD were older (median age 65 vs. 58.5, P&lt; .001), more likely to have underlying lung (22.7% v 16.0%, P&lt; .0001) and cardiac (21.7 v 18.4, P=.02) disease and less likely to be immunocompromised (IC) (23.1% v 29.0% P&lt; .0001). ST3 episodes were more likely to be pneumonia (81% v 65%), less likely to be bacteremia without focus (7.6% v 18.9%), and more likely to require ICU admission (42.3% v 25.1%) and to die (27.1% v 16.6%). In multivariable analysis, patients with ST 3 disease remained more likely to die (OR 1.65; 95%CI1.3-2.0). Over time, the proportion of patients with ST 3 IPD who were nursing home (NH) residents (18/171 in 1995-2000 vs. 4/215 in 2016-2020, P=.0002), and who were IC (46/169 in 1995-2000 vs 39/204 in 2016-2020, P=.007) decreased significantly; in IPD due to other STs, the proportion who were NH residents declined, but the proportion IC increased significantly. The case fatality rate (CFR) declined significantly in IPD due to ST3 but not other STs (Figure 1). Changes in incidence are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: Incidence of serotype 3 IPD over time, Toronto/Peel, 1995-2020 The incidence of ST3 IPD in children and adults under 65 did not change significantly from 1995/96 to 2019/20. In older adults, the annual incidence of disease declined from 4.98 per 100,000 per year in 1995-2000 to 3.53 per 100,000 per year in 2001-2010 (IRR 0.71, 95%CI 0.56-0.90), then to 2.23 per 100,000 per year in 2011-2020 (IRR compared to 2001-2010 0.63, 95%CI 0.50-0.79) FIgure 2: Case fatality rate of IPD due to serotype 3 and other serotypes over time, 1995-2020, Toronto-Peel The case fatality rate of IPD due to ST3 declined from 37.6% (56/149) in 1995-2000 to 50/235 (21.3%) in 2015-2020 (P&lt;.0001). The CFR in other serotypes did not change. Conclusion The epidemiology of IPD due to ST3 has changed significantly over time and the CFR has declined. The incidence of ST3 disease in children and younger adults has not changed significantly, although the power to detect change is low in children. In older adults the incidence of ST3 disease declined significantly after PPV23 introduction in 1995/6 and again after PCV13 introduction for children. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Taylor, Elsa M., Kristina Boyer, and Fiona A. Campbell. "Pain in Hospitalized Children: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Survey of Pain Prevalence, Intensity, Assessment and Management in a Canadian Pediatric Teaching Hospital." Pain Research and Management 13, no. 1 (2008): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/478102.

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BACKGROUND: Pain is under-recognised and undertreated. Although standards now exist for pain management, it is not known if this has improved care of hospitalized children.OBJECTIVES: To benchmark pain prevalence, pain intensity, pain assessment documentation and pharmacological treatment of pain. The aim was to highlight areas of good practice, identify areas for improvement and inform development of hospital standards, education, future audits and the research agenda.METHODS: The present prospective cross-sectional survey of all medical and surgical inpatient units took place on a single day at the Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Ontario), a Canadian tertiary and quaternary pediatric hospital. A structured, verbally administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on patient demographics, pain before admission, pain intensity during admission and pain treatment. Charts were reviewed to establish frequency of documented pain assessment, the pain assessment tool used and analgesics given. Subgroup analysis was included for age, sex, visible minority or fluency in English, medical versus surgical services and acute pain service input.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Two hundred forty-one (83%) of the 290 inpatients or their carergivers were interviewed. It was found that 27% of patients usually had pain before admission, and 77% experienced pain during admission. Of these, 23% had moderate or severe pain at interview and 64% had moderate or severe pain sometime in the previous 24 h. Analgesics were largely intermittent and single-agent, although 90% of patients found these helpful. Fifty-eight per cent of those with pain received analgesics in the preceding 24 h but only 25% received regular analgesia. Only 27% of children had any pain score documented in the preceding 24 h. It was concluded that pain was infrequently assessed, yet occurred commonly across all age groups and services and was often moderate or severe. Although effective, analgesic therapy was largely single-agent and intermittent. Widespread dissemination of results to all professional groups has resulted in the development of a continuous quality assurance program for pain at the Hospital for Sick Children. A re-audit is planned to evaluate changes resulting from the new comprehensive pain strategies.
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Foisy, Michelle M., Kevin Gough, Corinna M. Quan, Kevin Harris, Dominique Ibanez, and Anne Phillips. "Hospitalization due to Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug Interactions before and after HAART." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 11, no. 4 (2000): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/123046.

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OBJECTIVE: To characterize and compare the rates of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and interactions on admission in two, one-year periods: pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (phase 1) and post-HAART (phase 2).DESIGN: Retrospective chart review.SETTING:University-affiliated tertiary care centre.POPULATION STUDIED: HIV-positive patients admitted to hospital.MAIN RESULTS: In phase 1, 436 of 517 admissions, and, in phase 2, 323 of 350 admissions were analyzed. Over 92% of patients were male, with a mean age of 38 years. Significant differences (P<0.05) in the mean length of stay (12.08 versus 10.02 days), the CD4 counts (99.25 versus 129.45) and the number of concurrent diseases (4.20 versus 3.63) were found between phase 1 and 2, respectively. The mean number of medications taken (5.52 versus 5.94) and the rates of hospitalization with ADRs (20.4% versus 21.4%) or interactions (2.5% versus 2.16%) were similar between the two phases. Antiretrovirals were more common in ADR admissions post-HAART (21.3% versus 36.2%), while antiparasitics, psychotherapeutics and antineoplastics were more common pre-HAART. Other classes of drugs involved in both phases were sulphonamides, narcotics, ganciclovir, foscarnet, antimycobacterials and antifungals. ADR causality was possible or probable in more than 80% of cases. Over 60% of ADRs were grades 3 to 4, and about 85% were either the main or contributing reason for admission. About 65% of patients had at least partial recovery at the time of discharge. In phases 1 and 2, 8.9% and 2.9% of admissions,respectively, with ADRs were fatal.CONCLUSIONS: Although hospitalizations with ADRs and interactions were similar in both phases, HAART therapy has had a significant impact on the incidence and nature of ADRs at St Michael?s Hospital, Wellesley Central Site, Toronto, Ontario.
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Jones, Aaron, Fabrice I. Mowbray, Lindsey Falk, Nathan M. Stall, Kevin A. Brown, Kamil Malikov, Sarah L. Malecki, et al. "Variations in long-term care home resident hospitalizations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): e0264240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264240.

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Objectives To examine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the demographic and clinical characteristics, in-hospital care, and outcomes of long-term care residents admitted to general medicine wards for non-COVID-19 reasons. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of long-term care residents admitted to general medicine wards, for reasons other than COVID-19, in four hospitals in Toronto, Ontario between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020. We used an autoregressive linear model to estimate the change in monthly admission volumes during the pandemic period (March-December 2020) compared to the previous two years, adjusting for any secular trend. We summarized and compared differences in the demographics, comorbidities, interventions, diagnoses, imaging, psychoactive medications, and outcomes of residents before and during the pandemic. Results Our study included 2,654 long-term care residents who were hospitalized for non-COVID-19 reasons between January 2018 and December 2020. The crude rate of hospitalizations was 79.3 per month between March-December of 2018–2019 and 56.5 per month between March-December of 2020. The was an adjusted absolute difference of 27.0 (95% CI: 10.0, 43.9) fewer hospital admissions during the pandemic period, corresponding to a relative drop of 34%. Residents admitted during the pandemic period had similar demographics and clinical characteristics but were more likely to be admitted for delirium (pandemic: 7% pre-pandemic: 5%, p = 0.01) and were less likely to be admitted for pneumonia (pandemic: 3% pre-pandemic: 6%, p = 0.004). Residents admitted during the pandemic were more likely to be prescribed antipsychotics (pandemic: 37%, pre-pandemic: 29%, p <0.001) and more likely to die in-hospital (pandemic:14% pre-pandemic: 10%, p = 0.04) Conclusions and implications Better integration between long-term care and hospitals systems, including programs to deliver urgent medical care services within long-term care homes, is needed to ensure that long-term care residents maintain equitable access to acute care during current and future public health emergencies.
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Armstrong-Evans, Maxine, Margaret Litt, Margaret A. McArthur, Barbara Willey, Darlene Cann, Susan Liska, Sidney Nusinowitz, et al. "Control of Transmission of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium in a Long-Term–Care Facility." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 20, no. 05 (May 1999): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501623.

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AbstractObjectives:To describe the investigation and control of transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in a residential long-term-care (LTC) setting.Outbreak Investigation:A strain of vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faeciumnot previously isolated in Ontario colonized five residents of a 254-bed LTC facility in Toronto. The index case was identified when VRE was isolated from a urine culture taken after admission to a local hospital. Screening of rectal swabs from all 235 residents identified four others who were colonized with the same strain ofE faecium.Control Measures:Colonized residents were cohorted. VRE precautions were established as follows: gown and gloves for resident contact, restriction of contact between colonized and noncolonized residents, no sharing of personal equipment, and daily double-cleaning of residents' rooms and wheelchairs.Outcome:Two colonized residents died of causes unrelated to VRE. Although bacitracin therapy (75,000 units four times a day X 14 days) failed to eradicate carriage in two of three surviving residents, both cleared their carriage within 7 weeks. Repeat rectal swabs from 224 residents (91%) 2 months after isolation precautions were discontinued and from 125 residents (51%) 9 months later identified no new cases. Total cost of investigation and control was $12,061 (Canadian).Conclusion:VRE may be transmitted in LTC facilities, and colonized LTC residents could become important VRE reservoirs. Control of VRE transmission in LTC facilities can be achieved even with limited resources.
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Books on the topic "Admission of nonimmigrants – Ontario – Toronto"

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Federation, Ontario Teachers'. OTF brief to the Standing Committee on General Government on the proposed transfer of OISE to the University of Toronto. [Toronto, Ont.]: OTF, 1986.

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Ontario Educational Research Council. Conference. [Papers presented at the 28th Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, Dec. 1986]. [Toronto, ON: s.n.]., 1986.

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Ontario Educational Research Council. Conference. [Papers presented at the 33rd Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, December 6-7, 1991]. [Ontario: s.n.], 1991.

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Conference, Ontario Educational Research Council. [Papers presented at the 30th Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, December 2-3, 1988]. [Toronto, ON: s.n.], 1988.

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Ontario Educational Research Council. Conference. [Papers presented at the 34th Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, December 4 - 5, 1992]. [Ontario: s.n.], 1992.

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Ontario Educational Research Council. Conference. [Papers presented at the 32nd Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, December 7-8, 1990]. [Ontario: s.n.], 1990.

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Ontario Educational Research Council. Conference. [Papers presented at the 36th Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, December 2-3, 1994]. [Toronto, ON: s.n.], 1994.

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Ontario Educational Research Council. Conference. [Papers presented at the 35th Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, December 3-4, 1993]. [Toronto, Ont: s.n, 1993.

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Conference, Ontario Educational Research Council. [Papers presented at the 31st Annual Conference of the Ontario Educational Research Council, Toronto, Ontario, December 8-9, 1989]. [Toronto, ON: s.n.], 1989.

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Call to the Bar of the Province of Ontario: Admission as solicitor of the Supreme Court of Judicature of Ontario (ordinary cases) Osgoode Hall, Toronto, 1911. [Toronto?: s.n., 1996.

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