Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Administrative law – European Union countries'
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Bao, Yong Liang. "Meeting the challenge of EU enlargement : approximation of Environmental legislation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2185450.
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Van, Waeyenberge Arnaud. "Les nouveaux instruments juridiques de la gouvernance européenne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209759.
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Cette recherche doctorale part de l’hypothèse générale selon laquelle la méthode communautaire classique serait concurrencée dans les faits par de nouveaux instruments juridiques qui, loin de constituer des initiatives isolées, participent d’un modèle alternatif de gouvernance communautaire qui la transforme en profondeur. Afin d’identifier les caractéristiques, les contours et les nouvelles formes de normativités de ce modèle alternatif, cette recherche a adopté une approche pragmatique de l’étude droit et étudie empiriquement et systématiquement six politiques publiques européennes :la stratégie européenne pour l’emploi (SEE) et la Méthode Ouverte de Coordination (MOC), le programme européen REACH; la politique européenne de l’eau; la politique comptable européenne; la politique de régulation des services financiers; et la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique et le marché européen du carbone. Ces politiques publiques sont étudiées au moyen d’une approche par les instruments d’action publique qui s’inspire de la démarche et des recherches effectuées par Michel Foucault sur la « gouvernementalité ».
Cette analyse nous aura permis de démontrer que la transformation de la méthode communautaire classique se constate à au moins trois niveaux. Au niveau des acteurs, on assiste à un renforcement de la place des acteurs privés et de la société civile dans les politiques publiques étudiées. La transformation de l’action publique européenne réside également dans l’utilisation abondante de nouveaux instruments d’action publique - plus techniques que politiques et plus incitatifs que contraignants (du type benchmarking) - qui impliquent systématiquement une collaboration entre acteurs publics et privés à différents niveaux du processus décisionnel (coproduction normative). Enfin le mode de sanction est devenu une « contrainte par l’image » reposant sur la figure du « mauvais élève de la classe » véhiculée principalement par des publications de classements basées sur une classification des bonnes pratiques. Corrélativement, cette transformation se constate également dans les phases d’élaboration, d’exécution et de contrôle du droit de l’Union européenne.
Une fois les caractéristiques et les contours de ce modèle alternatif dessinés sur base des politiques publiques étudiées, cette recherche s’est ensuite tournée vers une présentation des discours (politiques et juridiques) et écoles de pensées (Law and Economics / New Public Management / Démocratie délibérative / Expérimentalisme démocratique) permettant de justifier son existence et, par là, de fonder sa légitimité. Enfin, si ce nouveau modèle peut prétendre à une certaine légitimité ou nécessité et s’il n’apparaît pas envisageable de revenir en arrière, sa non-concordance avec le traité est problématique. En effet, ce modèle pose une série de questions relatives au manque de contrôle sur l’activité des institutions de l’Union et à la sauvegarde de l’ordre juridique constitutionnel européen. Plus précisément, l’étude de la question de la protection juridictionnelle effective et du respect du principe de l’équilibre des pouvoirs permet d’identifier un certains nombre d’écueils et de proposer des suggestions d’amélioration pragmatique du modèle décisionnel européen au regard des nouveaux instruments juridiques de la gouvernance européenne.
The starting point of my doctoral research is that the Classic Community Method, as described in the Lisbon Treaty, does not enable one to understand the manner in which law is currently produced in the European Union. I claim that the Community Method is in fact challenged and transformed by new legal instruments that, far from being isolated initiatives, are part of an alternative model of governance.
My research adopts a programmatic approach as to identify the features, contours and new forms of normativity of this alternative model. It studies empirically and systematically six European public policies through “an approach by instruments” inspired in the writings of Michel Foucault on "governmentality”.
This analysis shows that the transformation of the Classic Community method occurs at least at three levels. First, there is a strengthening of the role of private actors and civil society in policy making. Second, the transformation of European public action also lies in the abundant use of new policy instruments - rather technical and political incentives than binding rules (benchmarking) - that involve a systematic collaboration between public and private actors at different levels of decision-making (co-regulation). Third, control and sanctions rely greatly on a “constrained by image” system based primarily on publications of rankings and classifications of good practices.
After I present the features and contours of this alternative model, my research analyzes the political and legal discourses, as well as the schools of thought (Law and Economics / New Public Management / Deliberative Democracy / Democratic Experimentalism), that justify its existence and, therefore, its legitimacy.
Finally, my doctoral work rises the question about the lack of control over these regulatory activities and brings to light the safeguards that should be taken by the European Court of Justice to respect European Union’s Constitutional law
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Barani, Luca. "Cour européenne de justice et les limites de son autonomie supranationale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210478.
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La thèse effectue une revue de la littérature scientifique sur la Cour dans le processus d’intégration juridique, en classant les différentes positions selon qu’ils définissent le rôle de la Cour comme réactif ou pro-actif. En faisant cette revue de la littérature, cinq facteurs sont mis en exergue pour ce qui concerne la problématique de l’autonomie de la Cour, qui feront l’objet d’une analyse approfondie dans la suite de la thèse :I) Limites inhérentes à l’interprétation juridique des Traités tels qu’ils se retrouvent dans les règles institutionnalisées du raisonnement de la Cour ;
II) L’interaction, au niveau européen, entre la Cour et les autres institutions ;
III) Les pressions et les stratégies d’influence des Etats membres vis-à-vis de la Cour comme agent de leurs préférences ;
IV) La dépendance structurelle de la Cour supranationale vis-à-vis ses interlocuteurs judiciaires au niveau national ;
V) Le degré d’obéissance que les appareils administratifs et exécutifs des Etats membres démontrent vis-à-vis la jurisprudence de la Cour.
Par rapport à ces facteurs, et leur importance relative dans la détermination de la ligne d’action de la Cour de Justice, la thèse évalue les changements et les défis auxquels est soumise la fonction de la Cour de justice au niveau de l’Union européenne, en particulier par rapport à l’environnement de plus en plus critique ou évolue la trajectoire jurisprudentielle de la Cour par rapport aux acteurs politiques et juridiques, l’érosion du caractère sui generis du droit communautaire dans le contexte du droit international, le rôle de plus en plus affiché des cours nationales, et le contexte institutionnel dans lequel se trouve à agir cette juridiction.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Shi, Feng. "Principles of European Union water law." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1944040.
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FELD, Leonard. "From soft law to hard law : the concept and regulation of human rights due diligence in the EU legal context." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74341.
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Defence date: 14 March 2022Examining Board: Professor Stefan Grundmann (Humboldt University Berlin); Professor Mathias Siems (European University Institute); Professor Karin Buhmann (Copenhagen Business School); Professor Robert McCorquodale (University of Nottingham)
This dissertation examines the concept of human rights due diligence (HRDD) under international soft law and its transposition into business regulation, with a particular focus on the European Union context. It traces the evolution of HRDD – starting from the work of the United Nations to the recent contributions of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. The inquiry finds that HRDD is a concept of remarkable depth, whose features make it suitable to address human rights abuse in the globalised economy. Yet, there are also a number of practical and conceptual concerns. For instance, it is argued that the concept of HRDD features a high level of abstraction, which leads to ambiguities at the stage of implementation. In view of these findings, the transposition of HRDD into business law provides an opportunity, not only to build on the strengths of the concept, but also to counter some of its weaknesses. In addition, the thesis addresses two questions of international law concerning, first, the legality of HRDD legislation in view of its extraterritorial implications and, second, the relationship between relevant legal acts and the duties of states under international human rights law. It is held that regulators enjoy considerable leeway under international law to facilitate or require HRDD even beyond their own borders. Yet, states are presently under no international obligation to regulate HRDD processes – even though new developments are in sight. Finally, drawing on the findings of this research, the dissertation reviews Directive 2014/95/EU and Regulation (EU) 2017/821 as two precedents of HRDD legislation in the European Union. The two legal acts pursue very different strategies to promote HRDD processes with, it is argued, a varying degree of success. Through these assessments, the thesis provides a set of recommendations that may inform the transposition of the concept into business law.
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Fee, Emma. "'A Europe without dividing lines': the normative framework of the European neighbourhood policy - emergent jus gentium or consolidation of jus civile?" Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83952.
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The primary focus of this work is Article 57 of the Draft European Constitution, concerning the constitutionalisation of a new aspect in EU external relations law, 'the European Neighbourhood Policy'. No comprehensive study of this constitutional article has yet been undertaken in EU legal research. Through the medium of the title of my thesis I wish to examine whether it amounts to an emergent jus gentium for the EU or its antithesis, the consolidation of jus civile. In parallel with the nature of the subject, this study is necessarily a legal-political one. Key points identified are the strategic use of human rights, extraterritoriality of law, foreign direct investment and legal imperialism. A number of recent developments, both judicial and legislative, have provoked this study.
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BARANSKI, Marcin. "Constitutional pluralism in the European Union : a critical reassessment." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/72280.
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Defence date: 26 July 2021Examining Board: Professor Dennis M. Patterson (European University Institute); Professor Gábor Halmai (European University Institute); Professor Jan Komárek (University of Copenhagen); Professor Alexander Somek (University of Vienna)
The aim of this thesis is to offer a comprehensive and critical analysis of one of the most popular and prolific strands in European legal scholarship, i.e., constitutional pluralism. Specifically, the thesis seeks to challenge the central claim advanced by pluralist scholars with regard to the legal structure of the European Union: namely that the relationship between the EU and national legal orders is best conceptualized and understood as a heterarchical rather than hierarchical one. To that purpose, the thesis examines the work of leading scholars of pluralism– –Neil MacCormick, Kaarlo Tuori, Mattias Kumm, and Miguel Poiares Maduro–– all of whom advanced such heterarchical rather than hierarchical understandings of the aforesaid relationship. In so doing, the thesis attempts to address two main questions: first, does pluralism succeed in offering a descriptively and analytically sound account of the common European legal ordering; and second, how do the traditional, positivist, and hierarchical accounts of law fare in comparison with their pluralist contenders? The thesis concludes that while pluralist scholars should be given credit for bringing to light certain distinctive features of the European legal ordering, upon closer examination, their analyses appear to confirm (rather than deny) some crucial insights of said positivist theories, along with their allegedly outdated and distorting, hierarchical understanding of law and legality. Furthermore, it is argued that the pluralist attempts to set aside the positivist questions about the ultimate grounds of law, final authority and constitutional supremacy in the European Union prove unsuccessful in view of the growing constitutional disagreement therein. Finally, the thesis suggests that the nature of the current European legal or constitutional setting is better captured by the notion of national constitutional supremacy, rather than the core pluralist idea of heterarchy.
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CERAN, Olga. "Cross-border child relocation : national law in a united Europe." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74359.
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Defence date: 17 March 2022Examining Board: Prof. Stefan Grundmann (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin & European University Institute); Prof. Martijn Hesselink (European University Institute); Prof. Katharina Boele-Woelki (Bucerius Law School); Dr. Ruth Lamont (University of Manchester)
Cross-border child relocation cases are among the most difficult disputes that family judges need to face. Commentators across the globe disagree on the interpretation of the child's best interests and the relevance of adults' autonomy in this context. As relocations are directly concerned with free movement, the literature has expressed an interest also in the European Union's influences in this area. However, considering its lack of competence in family law and the limited jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union on such issues, some questions about the scope and nature of obligations imposed by EU law remain open. This thesis investigates, therefore, the following question: What is the (nature of) EU law's influence on cross-border child relocation and what are its effects on national legal systems? Its contribution is two-fold. Methodologically, it proposes a constructively oriented investigation of European influences in child relocation law. Cross-border movement constitutes the main raison d'être of EU law, and a defining feature of its community. Hence, a mixture of traditional values and new ways of life - sanctioned by a supranational entity - might lead to new dilemmas regarding children's interests and adult autonomy and complicate relocation decisions. The suggested approach allows contextual influences to be analysed together with legal doctrines, at both the EU and the national level. Substantively, the thesis builds on existing research to refine the understanding of child relocation in the context of supranational fundamental rights and freedoms in the EU, in their doctrinal and ideational dimensions. Finally, using case law from Germany, Poland, and England and Wales, it qualitatively investigates how national judges encounter the EU and draw from its ideational and legal features. This thesis demonstrates how the normatively inflicted EU context is occasionally used in courts but does not seem to consistently reorient national approaches towards the EU.
Chapter 3 ‘Child relocation and the European framework of human rights' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article 'Child relocation, soft law, and the quest for umiformity at the European court of human rights : part one' (2020) in the journal ‘Prawa prywatnego’
Chapter 3 ‘Child relocation and the European framework of human rights' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article 'Child relocation, soft law, and the quest for umiformity at the European court of human rights : part two' (2021) in the journal ‘Prawa prywatnego’
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D'ANDREA, Sabrina. "Fluctuating conceptions of gender equality in EU law : a conceptual, legal and political analysis of EU policy, law and case law concerning work and care (1980-2020)." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/70998.
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Defence date: 27 April 2021Examining Board: Professor Claire Kilpatrick (European University Institute); Professor Ruth Rubio Marín (Universidad de Sevilla); Professor Sophie Robin-Olivie (Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Professor Annick Masselot (University of Canterbury)
Gender equality is a complex and debated concept; feminist scholarship and legal philosophy still struggle to define this notion. The EU context is no exception, as within the European project and literature, conceptions of gender equality have fluctuated. Existing literature has only given limited accounts of the different meanings of gender equality and has failed to identify the variables and reasons for this fluctuation in EU policy and case-law. In order to fill this gap, the present thesis takes onboard the challenge to uncover how the meaning of gender equality has shifted in the EU, across time, policy field and institutions. It starts by developing a theoretical frame which distinguishes between the possible aims of gender equality policy and the legal strategies employed by gender equality policy. It then applies this frame to four decades of EU policy regarding work and care, from 1980 to 2020, and questions to which extent these different gender equality conceptions and strategies have served the aim of women’s emancipation, assessing their effect on the gendered division of care and on the provision of social protection. The thesis shows that the main variable of fluctuation of gender equality conceptions has been the policy issue at stake: while the EU has employed formal equality in certain areas of law, it has been more prone to allow for substantive strategies for equality in others, depending on political priorities and opportunities. The conclusion explains these findings and reflects on the political conveniences of gender equality conceptions. It makes a theoretical, political and normative contribution to existing literature and debates concerning gender equality in the EU and gives directions for future gender equality policy.
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KARAGIANNIS, Yannis. "Preference heterogeneity and equilibrium institutions: The case of European competition policy." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/15460.
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Defence date: 21 December 2007Examining board: Prof. Adrienne Héritier (EUI)(Supervisor) ; Prof. Christian Joerges (EUI, Law Department) ; Prof. Jacint Jordana (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona) ; Prof. Hussein Kassim (Birkbeck College, University of London)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
One characteristic of European competition policy is its complex governance structure. On the one hand, the European competition regulator has always enjoyed a high degree of formal autonomy from national governments. On the other hand, that regulator has always been embedded in a multi-task and collegial organisation that mirrors intergovernmental politics. Although the literature has often disapprovingly noted this complexity, it has not been explained. Part I elaborates on the theoretical lens for understanding the governance structures of EC competition policy. Despite the prominence of principal-agent models, transaction cost economics seems to offer a more promising venue. The assumption that Member States maximise their total expected gains and postpone excessive bargaining costs leads to the following hypothesis: the greater the preference heterogeneity (homogeneity) between Member States, the higher (lower) the asset-specific investments involved, hence the higher (lower) the risk of post-contractual hold-ups, and hence the more (less) integrated the governance structures created to sustain future transactions. Alternatively, this logic leads to a deterministic hypothesis about the sufficiency of preference heterogeneities for the production of complex governance structures. Part II examines this deterministic hypothesis. Using various sources, and conducting both within- and comparative case- studies, it analyses three important cases: the negotiations of the Treaty of Paris (1951), of the Treaty of Rome (1957), and of the two implementing Council Regulations (1962 and 2003). The evidence shows that (a) the relevant actors do reason in terms of transaction cost-economising, and (b) in the presence of preference heterogeneity, actors create complex governance structures. Nevertheless, it is also found that (c) the transaction cost-economising logic is not as compelling as it may be in private market settings, as bargaining costs are not systematically postponed to the post-contractual stage, and (d) the transaction costs between Member States are not the only relevant costs.
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SCHOLTES, Julian. "The abuse of constitutional identity : Illiberal constitutional discourse and European constitutional pluralism." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/73873.
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Defence date: 21 January 2022Examining Board: Professor Gábor Halmai, (EUI); Professor Martijn Hesselink, (EUI); Professor Alexander Somek, (University of Vienna); Professor Neil Walker, (University of Edinburgh)
‘Constitutional identity’ has become a key argument in the negotiation of authority between national legal orders and the legal order of the European Union. Many national constitutional courts have declared that the reach of EU law is limited by certain core elements of the national constitution, often labelled ‘constitutional identity’. However, the rise of ‘illiberal democracies’ within the European Union, especially exemplified by the democratic backsliding of Hungary and Poland, has put constitutional identity into a questionable spotlight. Both countries have been leaning on the constitutional identity to both erode European legality and defend their authoritarian constitutional projects againstEuropean criticism. This dissertation deals with the question of how to delimit legitimate invocations of constitutional identity from abuses of constitutional identity. It develops a typology of constitutional identity abuse in three dimensions: The generative, the substantive, and the relational. The generative dimension is concerned with how a constitutional identity claim has come about, its relation to constituent power, constitutional enactment and amendment, the independence of courts, and the regulation of historical memory. The substantive dimension deals with what a constitutional identity claim entails, digging into the normative expectations invoked by the concept and the ways in which it ought to be regarded as intertwined with and embedded in a normative conception of constitutionalism. Finally, the relational dimension is concerned with how a constitutional identity claim is advanced. Advancing a constitutional identity claim in the European legal space evokes notions of diversity, dialogue, recognition, and pluralism, which need to be reciprocated. In each of these dimensions, ways in which constitutional identity can be abused will be identified, using Europe’s ‘backsliding democracies’ Hungary and Poland as the primary case studies, while discussing other countries where appropriate.
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MENDES, Joana. "Rights of participation in European administrative law : a rights-based approach to participation in rulemaking." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12019.
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Awarded the Mauro Cappelletti Prize for the best comparative law doctoral thesis, 2010.Defence date: 16 March 2009
Examining Board: Loïc Azoulai (University of Paris II); Paul Craig (St. John's College, Oxford); Bruno De Witte (EUI); Jacques Ziller (Supervisor, former EUI and University of Pavia)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This dissertation critically assesses the current scope and meaning of participation rights in European administrative law and proposes a different normative solution to the problem of the procedural protection of rights and legally protected interests. The analysis of the Courts' case law on this matter demonstrates that their view on participation rights is determined by a bilateral conception of the procedure which involves the decision-maker and the decisiontaker and justifies the latter's right to be heard. All extensions of this right endorsed by the Courts' case law fall within the realm of this basic construction. Likewise, the exclusion of participation rights from rulemaking procedures is a consequence of this basic approach to participation rights. It is defended that the structural scheme within which the European Courts conceive participation rights prevails over the consideration of the substantive adverse effects that may be produced in the legal sphere of legal and natural persons. It is defended that this status quo is too restrictive and overlooks the procedural protection of rights and legally protected interests where this would be justified. An extension of the scope of participation rights is thus proposed. The solution defended is grounded on a concept of participation, built on the basis of rationales of participation that can be derived from the Courts' case law as well as from rules and principles of national laws, and is framed by the concept of legal administrative relationship, which was developed in national administrative law. The solution proposed is deemed to be more consonant with the rule of law, as well as with specific features of European administrative law (in particular with the characteristics of European normative acts and with the centrality of the individual conveyed by principles of European law). This study consists of two parts. First and foremost, it is an interpretation of the Courts' case law regarding participation rights, as well as of selected relevant legal provisions covering this matter. For this purpose, this interpretation combines the literal, teleological, historical and systematic elements of interpretation. The theoretical conceptions that frame the critical analysis of the Courts' stance are grounded on rules, principles and theories found and developed in selected national legal systems. These contribute to a better understanding of participation rights from a de lege lata perspective because they have inspired some of the current features of European administrative law on this matter. Furthermore, they are capable of providing a valuable second level of analysis to critically assess the current status quo. Secondly, this dissertation includes a study of those forms of participation that exist in the EU political system and that do not constitute legally enforceable rights and duties. These demonstrate that participation is a constitutive feature of the EU political system. Moreover, this permits to consider other meanings of participation, which are not fully deprived of legal meaning, to contrast them with the rights-based approach to participation proposed in this dissertation, as well as to demonstrate the little attention given to rights-based participation in European decision-making.
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WEIMER, Maria. "Democratic legitimacy though European Conflicts-law? : the case of EU administrative governance of GMOs." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/26447.
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Examining board: Professor Christian Joerges (supervisor) EUI; Professor Loïc Azoulai EUI; Professor Ellen Vos Maastricht University; Professor Maria Lee University College LondonDefence date: 30 August 2012
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis aims at addressing the problem of a potential dis-embedding of the EU administration from democratic institutions. For that purpose it explores the potential of a novel approach to EU constitutionalism, namely of European conflicts-law to ensure the democratic legitimacy of EU administrative governance of GMOs. The term administrative governance is being used as referring to a system of administrative action, in which EU administrative actors implement EU law in cooperation with national administrations, as well as with scientific and private experts. In order to analyse the functioning of this system governance is employed as analytical framework. This thesis shows that the conflicts-law approach constitutes a valuable constitutional framework. It helps to identify and better understand the legitimacy problems of EU administrative governance in the field of GMOs. The existent legal rules in this area can to a certain extent be reconceived as embodying conflicts-law mechanisms and ideas. This is most visible in their aim to procedurally organise cooperation between various actors within horizontal network structures of decision-making. However, the implementation of GMO rules in practice has considerably undermined the functioning of conflicts-law mechanisms. The analysis reveals problematic shifts of authority, which go beyond the system of shared responsibility envisaged by the EU legislator. Instead of administrative cooperation between national and supranational actors, hierarchy in the sense of central decision-making by the Commission dominates the process. Moreover, instead of shared responsibility between public authorities and the biotech industry, the applicant has become a powerful player of GMO regulation. This has to some extent also undermined the application of the precautionary principle in this area. This thesis concludes that attempts of EU law to constitutionalise administrative governance of GMOs in a legitimate way have not proven to be successful so far. Finally, this thesis also reveals certain limitations of the conflicts-law approach. It is suggested that conflicts-law at present should not be considered as a fully-fledged theory of European integration. Its strength lies in the ability to re-direct the discussion on democratic legitimacy of EU law, and to offer constitutional ideas for further elaboration of regulatory solutions. However, further conceptual clarifications seem necessary in order to make it operational in concrete cases of EU regulation.
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VIANELLO, Ilaria. "EU external action and the administrative rule of law : a long-overdue encounter." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/44489.
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Defence date: 13 December 2016Examining Board: Professor Marise Cremona, European University Institute (EUI Supervisor); Professor Edoardo Chiti, University of La Tuscia (External Supervisor); Professor Christophe Hillion, University of Leiden and University of Oslo; Professor Joana Mendes, University of Luxembourg
The thesis uses as case studies the Stabilisation and Association Process and the European Neighbourhood Policy in order to exemplify the increasing role played by the Unionﾒs administrative power in external relations. While seemingly harmless, the administrative power bears important legal consequences regarding the position of individuals, of third countries, and of the Union as a whole. In a system based on the rule of law (and committed to its respect in external relations), it is crucial to question whether implementing arrangements are in place or ought to be put in place with the aim of subjecting the external administrative power to administrative rules and principles. The analytical framework suggested by the thesis uses as a starting point the features and the impact of the administrative power externally. Based on this analysis, it identifies which administrative law principles (as developed within the framework of the internal market) have the potential of giving effect to the administrative rule of law externally once applied and operationalized in the external domain. Despite the increasing role granted to administrative power externally, administrative law in external relations is underdeveloped. Therefore, the analytical framework suggested by this thesis is relevant as it helps to ensure that the action of the Union in the international scene is carried out in compliance with its constitutional spiration, i.e. upholding the rule of law in its relations with the outer world, and as it structures the relation between the Union and individuals, and between the Union and third countries. The 'long-overdue encounter' between EU external relations and EU administrative law ought to be encouraged. The thesis aims to offer a methodology for structuring such an encounter and for planning venues for future meetings.
Chapter 1 of the thesis draws upon a previously published EUI LAW WP; 2015/08
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BRITO, BASTOS Filipe. "Beyond executive federalism : the judicial crafting of the law of composite administrative decision-making." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/55824.
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Defence date: 13 June 2018Examining Board: Professor Deirdre Curtin, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Professor Miguel Poiares Maduro, European University Institute ; Professor Paul Craig, St. John's College, Oxford ; Professor Herwig Hofmann, University of Luxembourg
The thesis examines how EU courts have addressed the rule of law challenges of composite procedures. Composite procedures are pervasive administrative processes which involve joint decision-making by national and EU authorities. Such procedures fit poorly into the EU’s traditional model of administrative law, EU executive federalism, which is designed for an administrative system where decisional power is exercised separately by the two levels of administration. This mismatch would make it difficult to observe several key requirements of the rule of law in EU administrative law – such as the right to be heard, the right to a reasoned decision, judicial protection, and the control of legality. The thesis argues that EU courts have crafted a series of unprecedented implicit principles that specifically aim at ensuring the observance of rule of law requirements in composite decision-making. In doing so, EU case law has departed from the old doctrine of EU executive federalism. This was however not an easy transition. Indeed, since the EU’s foundational period, EU executive federalism was considered to be a constitutional doctrine, i.e., to immediately flow from the Treaties. Given the almost complete lack of references to administrative issues in the Treaties, this reading was entirely question-begging. Its espousal in the case law is explained in the dissertation as the likely result of a shared federalist conception of the European Union and of the administrative order created under its aegis. The thesis further argues that, just as the doctrine of EU executive federalism, the judge-made law of composite procedures relies on a series of assumptions on the relations between national and EU administration. The principles of composite decision-making do not treat national and EU authorities as two strictly separate spheres of power. Rather, they handle the two levels as a single, integrated administration, where national authorities are treated as an extension of the Commission – as the EU administration’s ancillary bureaucracy.
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DE, LA SIERRA Susana. "La tutela cautelar contencioso-administrativa : una perspectiva comparada : los ordenamientos español, francés y alemán en el contexto del derecho administrativo europeo." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4607.
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Defence date: 8 November 2003Examining Board: Prof. Eduardo García de Enterría (Universidad Complutense, Madrid) ; Prof. Karl-Heinz Ladeur (Universidad de Hamburgo/Instituto Universitario Europeo, Florencia) ; Prof. Luis Martín Rebollo, Director externo (Universidad de Cantabria) ; Prof. Jacques Ziller, Director (Instituto Universitario Europeo, Florencia)
First made available online 21 May 2018
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NEHL, Hanns Peter. "Procedural principles of good administration in Community law." Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5668.
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Award date: 31 December 1997Supervisor: R. Dehousse
First made available online: 14 June 2017
In current debates turning on the fundamental values which the legal order of the European Community should be committed to respect and protect legal issues relating to administrative process and, in particular, the adequate degree of procedural protection to be accorded to individuals have increasingly come to the forefront. This paper seeks to contribute to the discussion by trying to demonstrate that and why the significance ascribed to the law governing Community administrative procedures has indeed gone through a deep metamorphosis during the last decade which arguably has not yet come to an end. In fact, in the face of the recent case-law of the Community courts, which will be analyzed, it seems not too daring to speak of an ongoing process of 'constitutionalization' with respect to procedural requirements. In the context of this broader development, an attempt will be made to reveal some of its exemplary features, namely, the dynamic expansion of a specified set of procedural standards of good administration. It will be argued that process standards, such as the right to access to information or the right to be heard, tend to be extensively interpreted in particular instances as well as to gradually gain universal applicability in the vast field of what has come to be named 'Community' or 'European administrative law'. However, the marked trend towards constitutionalizing process principles, which is primarily being supported by judicial intervention, is understandable only with a view to the extraordinarily heterogeneous nature of the Community administrative 'system' referred to; its 'structure' therefore calls for some further elucidation.
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BONNOR, Peter. "The European ombudsman : a novel rule-source in Community administrative law." Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4574.
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Defence date: 2 February 2001Examining board: Mr Jon Andersen, Deputy Permanent Secretary, the Danish Parliamentary Ombudsman Office ; Prof. Renaud Dehousse, EUI (supervisor) ; Prof. Carol Harlow, the London School of Economics and Social Sciences ; Prof. Jacques Ziller, EUI
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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GIL, IBANEZ Alberto. "A comparative study of the roles of the Commission and national administrations in the supervision and enforcement of EC law." Doctoral thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4640.
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DAWSON, Mark. "New governance and the proceduralisation of European law : the case of the open method of coordination." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12702.
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Defence date: 8 September 2009Examining Board: Profs. Christian Joerges (Supervisor, former EUI and University of Bremen); Hans-W. Micklitz (EUI); John Paterson (External Co-Supervisor, University of Aberdeen); David M. Trubek (University of Wisconsin, Madison)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis is devoted to analysing the emerging relationship in the European Union between 'new governance' - epitomised by the development of the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) - and law. While some scholars have seen the project of new governance as a purely political or functional enterprise - a mechanism of 'soft law' - the thesis will argue against such a view through an empirical analysis of a particular OMC process - the OMC for social inclusion and social protection (the OMC SPSI). While on the one hand, the OMC SPSI has achieved considerable success in creating a new social policy vocabulary in Europe, the very description of the OMC as an instrument of 'soft law' has handed considerable power to frame key policy decisions to national and European executives, while depriving Parliaments and local authorities from their normal rights of scrutiny. The OMC SPSI illustrates why - far from invoking a merely 'technical' or procedural set of questions - 'new governance' is deeply implicated in debates over the future of the European welfare state. The indicators and recommendations of the method are not seen by its participants as neutral descriptors, but rather invoke competing views of the very ends of social policy in Europe. The description of new governance as soft and heterarhical does not therefore dilute its key legitimacy challenges, but makes them ever more pressing. In response, the thesis will argue for a 'constitutionalisation' of new governance. This constitutionalisation, the thesis will argue, should not be aimed at a legal 'juridification' of OMC procedures, or at re-enforcing their participatory potential, but rather at creating opportunities for political contestation and scrutiny in procedures too long the preserve of a small and mutually re-enforcing circle of executive actors. A 'republican' constitutionalisation of the OMC - one able to politicise the norms and indicators through which national social policy is being evaluated - may allow 'new governance' a last opportunity to refute accusations of executive dominance and technocratic paternalism that threaten to undermine its 'procedural' potential.
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BRAND, Michiel. "Affirming and refining European constitutionalism : towards the establishment of the first constitution for the European Union." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5579.
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GUPTA, Aishani. "ICANN : a global administrative law perspective." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/49204.
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Award date: 22 November 2017Supervisor: Professor Nehal Bhuta
This thesis is an attempt to understand the multistakeholder model of governance within the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) through the lens of Global Administrative Law (GAL). ICANN is presented within GAL scholarship as a successful example that has incorporated principles found within GAL. This thesis questions that notion, and presents a narrative of ICANN that demonstrates some of the normative issues underlying the incorporation of GAL principles. In this thesis, I argue that ICANN does not neatly fit into the GAL narrative and is in fact an attempt akin to fitting a square peg into a round hole, by ignoring the salient features of ICANN. Ultimately, I believe that this enquiry will contribute to GAL scholarship as well as the present understanding of ICANN. For the former, this thesis discusses the most important principles of GAL, namely accountability, transparency, participation and engagement, and publicness. For the latter, this thesis highlights the shortcomings of ICANN and gives a yardstick on which ICANN could be measured.
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DELLA, CANANEA Giacinto. "I procedimenti amministrativi della Comunita Europea." Doctoral thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4610.
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CHITI, Edoardo. "Le agenzie europee." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4598.
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KROEGER, Malte. "Disaggregation via 'governmental independence' : EU law as a trigger for domestic administrative authorities and the disaggregation of the member states' executive." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/32134.
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Award date: 12 December 2013Supervisor: Professor Loïc Azoulai, European University Institute.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The thesis addresses a recent development in EU administrative law at the interface between the principle of primacy of EU law and the competence of the Member States to enforce EU law. EU law obliges Member States in a growing number of directives or regulations to equip their administrative authorities with independence from the government (‘governmental inde-pendence’). On the basis of two recent decisions of the European Court of Justice concerning the independence of national data protection authorities the legal meaning of governmental independence will be elaborated. This thesis argues that there is a broader approach in EU law triggering the establishment of domestic independent administrative authorities. However, obliging Member States to decouple domestic authorities from the national government is not without consequences. In order to determine these consequences the reception of EU inde-pendence requirements in France and Germany is examined in-depth for which telecommuni-cations, data protection and statistics serve as the fields of reference. In the following, this thesis focuses on the effect within the executive of the Member States and claims that Mem-ber States lose their autonomy regarding the setting up of their internal administrative organi-sation while self-confident administrative authorities appear on the national level challenging governmental decisions: the disaggregating effect. In contrast to other analyses, this thesis provides arguments that this development is not directed to technocratic models of govern-ance, but to a more effective application and enforcement of EU law which exceeds field-specific approaches to independent institutions. Furthermore, the competence of the EU to oblige Member States to create independent domestic administrative authorities is neither constrained by the respect of the national identity (Article 4 (2) TEU) nor by the principle of institutional autonomy. However, granting independence to domestic independent administra-tive authorities combined with a re-integration to the European Commission infringes the principle of a decentralised administrative structure as laid down in Article 291 (1) TFEU.
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KJAER, Poul. "Between Governing and Governance: On the Emergence, Function and Form of Europe’s Post-national Constellation." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/9067.
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Defence date: 20 June 2008Jury Members: Prof. Niels Åkerstrøm Andersen, Copenhagen Business School; Prof. Damian Chalmers, London School of Economics and Political Science; Prof. Marise Cremona, European University Institute; Prof. Dr. Christian Joerges, European University Institute/University of Bremen (Supervisor).
Fulltext in Open Access was removed in January 2010 upon request by the author due to publication of the thesis with a commercial publisher.
First made available online: 29 July 2021
This dissertation explains the emergence and functioning of three forms of governance structures within the context of the European integration and constitutionalisation process: comitology, (regulatory) agencies and the Open Method of Co-ordination. The point of departure is the insight that the intergovernmental/supranational distinction, which most theories of European integration and constitutionalisation rely on, has lost its strength. A new paradigm of EU research is therefore needed. Against this background it is suggested that the distinction between governing and governance provides a more appropriate basis for analysing the phenomenon of integration and constitutionalisation in Europe. The distinction between governing and governance allows for an understanding of the EU as a hybrid consisting of a governing dimension, characterised by legal and organisational hierarchy, and a governance dimension which operates within a network form characterised by legal and organisational heterarchy. The function of governance structures is to ensure the embeddedness of the governing dimension in the wider society. Instead of representing contradictory developments, the two dimensions are therefore mutually constitutive in the sense that more governing implies more governance and vice versa. These theoretical insights are illustrated through two detailed case studies which respectively reconstruct the operational mode of the Open Method of Coordination within EU Research & Development Policy and the regulatory system for the EU chemicals market (REACH). The book is inter-disciplinary in nature and incorporates insights from law, political science and sociology.
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MUNKACSI, Peter. "Collecting societies for the administration of copyright and neighbouring rights and their position in the European competition law : with a short overview of the United States copyright and antitrust law." Doctoral thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5596.
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RYALL, Aine. "Effective judicial protection" and the environmental impact assessment directive in Ireland"." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6353.
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ÖBERG, Jacob. "Limits to EU powers : a case study on individual criminal sanctions for the enforcement of EU law." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/32931.
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Defence date: 26 September 2014Examining Board: Professor Giorgio Monti, European University Institute (Supervisor); Professor Loïc Azoulai, European University Institute; Professor Valsamis Mitsilegas, Queen Mary University of London; Professor Damian Chalmers, London School of Economics
The question posed by this thesis is how limits can be constructed to the exercise of EU powers. While there are limits to the exercise of EU competences in the Treaties and in the Court of Justice’s jurisprudence, it is argued that those limits suffer from conceptual and practical problems. In particular, the Court does not have appropriate criteria to examine whether the limits of the Treaties have been exceeded by the Union legislator. The thesis uses one of the new, and controversial, competences that the Union has obtained, the power to impose criminal sanctions, as a case study to propose a mechanism by which legislative powers can be kept in check. This is an illuminating and relevant case study. Firstly, it nicely illustrates the limits to the exercise of EU competences. Secondly, legislative practice and political statements suggest that this competence will be used regularly in the future. The thesis makes two proposals. First, by interpreting the scope of the EU’s powers under the Treaties to impose criminal sanctions the thesis shows the limits to the exercise of EU competences. It demonstrates the scope of EU’s competences by analyzing current and proposed criminal law measures. Secondly, noting that a construction of the limits to EU competences also needs to tackle the institutional challenges of judicial review, it develops an argument for a more intense and evidence-based judicial review. It constructs a procedural standard of legality which demands that the EU legislator shows that it has adequately reasoned its decisions and has taken into account relevant evidence. By testing the legality of discretely chosen criminal law measures on the basis of this standard, it is demonstrated how the Court can enforce the limits of the Treaties.
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DRABKIN-REITER, Esther. "The Europeanisation of the law on legitimate expectations : recent case law of the English and European Union courts on the protection of legitimate expectations in administrative law." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/40324.
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Award date: 30 November 2015Supervisor: Professor Loïc Azoulai, European University Institute
This thesis considers the Europeanisation of English administrative law, in the specific context of the principle of protection of legitimate expectations. It assesses whether, how and to what extent the way in which the way in which legitimate expectations are protected in EU law has influenced the protection of legitimate expectations in English law. To make this assessment, a thorough analysis is conducted of case law in both jurisdictions. The thesis is structured into five main Chapters. Chapter A provides an introduction and looks at some general issues surrounding the concept of legitimate expectation, including which expectations are protectable and what is meant by legitimacy. Chapter B traces the development of the protection of legitimate expectations in English and EU law, and considers certain particular features in more detail for each jurisdiction, with the aim of establishing some parameters against which more recent case law can be tested and compared. In Chapter C an in-depth analysis of recent case law of the English courts, both falling within and outside the scope of EU law, is undertaken, and comparisons are drawn between these cases and with the traditional position of EU law on the protection of legitimate expectations. Chapter D contains a similar analysis in respect of recent cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Finally, Chapter E draws these analyses together and concludes that while there is limited convergence in the way English and EU courts approach the protection of legitimate expectations, both jurisdictions remain wary of external influence.
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MAYORAL, DÍAZ-ASENSIO Juan Antonio. "The politics of judging EU law : a new approach to national courts in the legal integration of Europe." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/29634.
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Defence date: 5 December 2013Examining Board: Professor Adrienne Héritier, European University Institute/ Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (Supervisor); Professor Bruno de Witte, European University Institute/Maastricht University; Professor Marlene Wind, University of Copenhagen; Professor Alec Stone Sweet, Yale University.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This research aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the political and institutional processes that are at work in the judicial application of EU law on a national level. As a main novelty, the research intends to go beyond judicial behaviour models that focus predominantly on explaining the use of preliminary references. One could namely suggest that the way national courts participate in the preliminary reference procedure is not sufficient to assess the available modes for the judicial integration of Europe. Accordingly, the study considers the impact of political institutional and attitudinal factors affecting the judicial enforcement of EU law. This is done by posing new questions, for instance, the relevance of national judges’ preferences towards EU legal order and institutions, as well as by evaluating and reviewing the impact of political and legal institutions on their behaviour and its consequences for policy areas. First of all, the analysis confirms the influence of judges’ evaluation of EU institutions and their national counterparts on their self-perception as EU judges and, subsequently, in the application of EU law. Secondly, the study shows how national institutions, like governments and national high courts, play a prominent role in shaping national courts’ incentives for the application of EU law, as they may use their institutional power to circumvent judges’ decisions. Finally, it reviews the strategic use of European instruments such as the CJEU precedent and its doctrines (e.g. supremacy) to overcome domestic threats when applying EU law. To conclude, the study tries to expand the explanatory power of the middle range accounts of the role national courts played, by integrating the analytical strength of the legalist/ intergovernmentalist theories into neo-functionalism.
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LANDAIS, Guillaume. "Le concept de système juridique et l’argumentation de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/48385.
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Defence date: 11 October 2017Examining Board: Professeur Giovanni Sartor, European University Institute (Directeur de thèse); Professeur Loïc Azoulai, Sciences Po Paris; Professeur Pierre Brunet, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne; Professeur Giulio Itzcovich, Università degli Studi di Brescia
Pour la Cour de justice de l’arrêt Van Gend en Loos comme pour celle de l’avis 2/13 relatif à l’adhésion de l’Union à la CEDH, le droit de l’UE forme encore et toujours « un nouvel ordre juridique ». Entre 1963 et 2014 pourtant, la somme des normes et institutions en vigueur a bien changé. En bonne logique, lorsque les parties changent il ne peut plus s’agir du même tout. Quel est alors ce principe d’unité qui maintient les parties ensemble et autorise la Cour à parler de ce qui change comme étant encore le même ? Si l’ensemble n’est pas réductible à la somme des parties, c’est qu’il forme système, qu’il est doté d’un certain ordre permettant de l’identifier singulièrement, malgré le bouleversement de ses parties. La réponse est donc à trouver dans ces théories pour lesquelles les composants du droit ne sont valides qu’à l’intérieur d’un système. La première partie de la thèse se consacre à la définition du concept de système juridique. Elle montre qu’un système est cet ensemble de normes et/ou d’institutions doté d’une certaine unité et d’une certaine autonomie. « Unité » et « autonomie » varieront selon les auteurs, si bien que l’on identifiera des conceptions du concept de système. Nous montrons que ces conceptions sont opérationnelles pour l’analyse des entités juridiques non étatiques telles que celle constituée par le droit de l’Union européenne. La seconde partie identifie dans quelques grands « moments » de la jurisprudence de la Cour portant sur les relations entre droit de l’Union, droit interne et droit international, le rôle que joue dans le discours du juge « l’argument du système », soit l’argument tiré de ce que le droit de l’Union constitue un ordre ou système juridique. Sur la base de la méthode de l’analyse inférentielle et d’une théorie réaliste de l’interprétation, nous analysons ce que l’argument permet à la Cour de faire et à partir de cela identifions la conception du concept de système qu’elle exprime. Cette recherche entend ainsi contribuer, à travers l’analyse de l’argumentation de la Cour, à une meilleure compréhension du système que le droit de l’Union européenne est, au sens des conceptions traditionnelles du concept de système juridique définies par Hans Kelsen, H.L.A. Hart et telles que renouvelées plus récemment par Joseph Raz ainsi que Neil MacCormick.
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HÜTTEMANN, Suzan Denise. "Principles and perspectives of European criminal procedure." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/24001.
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Defence date: 15 June 2012First made available online on 29 July 2019
Examining Board: Professor Neil Walker, EUI / University of Edinburgh (Supervisor); Professor Marise Cremona, EUI; Professor Valsamis Mitsilegas, Queen Mary, University of London; Professor Kimmo Nuotio, University of Helsinki.
This thesis shall contribute to European Criminal Procedure, a rapidly evolving area of EU policy that has attracted much attention, but has also been subject to criticism. The research will first identify and analyse the main rationales of this area. Since the Tampere European Council of 1999, mutual recognition has become the most fundamental concept of judicial cooperation in criminal matters and has experienced a steep career, having been adopted by Art. 82 TFEU. When the principle of mutual recognition was introduced, it was based on an analogy to the free movement of goods. This analogy has often been regarded as flawed. Moreover, there has always been a notion of mutual recognition in judicial cooperation as well. The study will show how these two factors have influenced the development of the area, and how policy concepts, such as the principle of mutual trust, have had a greater influence on the development of the law than any legal doctrine. The lack of a coherent approach to the area of judicial cooperation and the unsystematic combination of different legal orders have caused unforeseen frictions for the individual. These will be illustrated by an analysis of the law of transnational evidence-gathering according to the European Evidence Warrant and the proposed European Investigation Order. It will be shown that most of the problems result from the lack of a uniform allocation of jurisdiction and from an overly confined understanding of fundamental rights in the context of judicial cooperation. By analysing the nature and purpose of jurisdictional rules in a national and a European context, the thesis aims at uncovering the theoretic foundations on which a uniform allocation of jurisdiction could be built. Finally, the thesis analyses the role of fundamental rights in judicial cooperation. It will uncover the ineptness of a nation-state oriented interpretation of fundamental rights to adequately address the problems of mutual recognition and argue for a European understanding of transnational judicial rights.
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NIKITA, Vasiliki. "The integrated administration of EU banking supervision : assessing its legitimacy." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/45707.
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Award date: 30 November 2016Supervisors: Professor Claire KILPATRICK and Professor Giorgio MONTI
The thesis assesses the developments and the current state of law in the area of EU banking supervision so as to assess its weaknesses and strengths. By arguing that the SSM constitutes an integrated administration of banking supervision in the European Union, we examine the influence of legitimacy’s normative standards on the institutional architecture of the Single Supervisory Mechanism, and, conversely, the ‘spillover effect’ of the design of the Single Supervisory Mechanism on its legitimacy. The thesis is structured by reference to the normative criteria of legitimacy. The output element of legitimacy introduces a performance criterion under which the delegated decision-making can be assessed. The input element of legitimacy is concerned with the accountability mechanisms that hold the SSM’s decision-making accountable.
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LÖÖF, Robin. "Defending liberty and structural integrity : a social contractual analysis of criminal justice in the EU." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13164.
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Defence date: 12 September 2008Examining Board: Professor Marise Cremona, (EUI, Supervisor); Professor Bruno De Witte, (EUI); Professor John Spencer, (University of Cambridge); Professor Judge Françoise Tulkens, (European Court of Human Rights, External Supervisor)
First made available online: 28 July 2021
The principles of the modern criminal law in Europe date back hundreds of years. As we shall see, the first coherent treatises of criminal justice laying down many of the principles to which we still adhere appeared in continental Europe during the mideighteenth century. Enlightenment philosophers, concerned with the relationship between the state and the citizen, between the collective and the individual, found criminal justice a natural area of study. Even before then, however, embryos of principles we today hold as fundamental can be found in charters, bills and constitutions limiting the power of medieval Kings over their subjects. If we then take the concept of the criminal law, the idea that the collective can and should exact punishment for violations of certain pre-determined rules, it dates back to the dawn of civilisation.
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DA, COSTA LEITE BORGES Danielle. "European health systems and the internal market : towards new paradigms and values for the provision of health care services?" Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/30898.
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Defence date: 1 February 2013.Examining Board: Professor Marise Cremona, European University Institute (Supervisor); Professor Christopher Newdick, University of Reading (External Co-Supervisor); Professor Claire Kilpatrick, European University Institute; Professor Vassilis Hatzopoulos, Visiting Professor at the College of Europe.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Using theories of distributive justice as its point of departure, this thesis deals with the tensions created by the application of the Internal Market rules to the provision of health care services within the European Union (EU). The main aim of the work is to analyse the impact of the Internal Market rules on common values and principles shared by European health systems, such as universality, accessibility, equity and solidarity. Moreover, it also aims to contribute to a more comprehensive and balanced interpretation of the role of the provision of health services in the context of the Internal Market and European Union law. The analysis developed in this thesis is conducted using the specific issue of cross-border health care, which has been chosen to demonstrate how solid values guiding European health systems can be affected by EU law and libertarian ideas. The work is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is devoted to a literature review regarding the questions of the special moral importance of health care and of theories of distributive justice used to justify the allocation of this special good among individuals. The discussion about theories of distributive justice and health care also includes the argument concerning the role of the market in health care provision. The second chapter focuses on the development of social rights of citizenship and its relationship with the welfare state. This includes the analysis of the meaning of solidarity and the concepts of European citizenship, both at national and supranational levels. The third chapter concentrates on the provision of health services at the national level. It begins by presenting a historic overview of the development of welfare services in the field of health care in Europe. Then there is an explanation of the models for financing and delivery of health care as well as their guiding principles. The fourth chapter analyses the framework of health services provision at the European level. It includes the analysis of EU legislation, such as Treaty provisions and secondary legislation, as well as the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) on health services, as for example, cross-border health care and competition law cases. The fifth chapter looks at human rights law and documents in the field of health, outlining their relationship with theories of distributive justice and the provision of health care. Finally, the last chapter identifies the new paradigms and values introduced by the Internal Market rules in the field of health care, outlining their relationship with a libertarian view of health care. This chapter also examines how these new paradigms and values affect the principles of universality, accessibility, equity and solidarity at the national level, drawing conclusions about the role of the European Union in the realm of health care.
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CAUNES, Karine. "Le principe de primauté du droit de l'Union Européenne : contribution à l'étude de la nature juridique de l'Union Européenne et des rapports de système européens." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12041.
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Defence date: 15 June 2009Examining Board: Loïc Azoulay (Université de Paris II), Bruno De Witte (EUI), Michel Troper (External Co-Supervisor, Université de Paris X-Nanterre), Neil Walker (Supervisor, EUI)
First made available online 10 February 2020
The definition of the European Union (EU) from a positivist standpoint depends on the definition of its relationship with the Member States. This definition in turn depends on the way the conflicting interpretations of the principle of primacy of EU law by European and national courts are reconciled. Based on an analysis of European and national case-law, three different positions exist on the matter. According to the European Court of Justice, which has adopted a monist approach with primacy of EU law, the principle of primacy of EU law is absolute, which is reflected in terms of validity in the subordination of Member States to the European Union, which is thus a European state or a monist internal legal system, characterized by its single ground of validity. According to the national courts of Member States, which have adopted a monist approach with primacy of national law, the principle of primacy of EU law is relative only, and the validity of EU norms in the national arena is defined by higher national norms. Whatever the definition of EU law, whether it is defined as an international legal system or a sui generis one, the EU is considered as a sub-system of the national legal system, and thus as an internal monist legal system. According to the national courts of Member States, which have adopted a dualist approach, the principle of primacy of EU law means simply that EU norms take precedence over national norms in terms of implementation, which is determined by national rules. Whatever the definition of EU law, whether it is defined as an international legal system or a sui generis one, the EU and the national legal system are defined as separate albeit coordinated legal systems. This diversity of positions based on the legal system chosen as the frame of reference, reflects the common feature shared by all legal systems: their sovereignty. It is at the basis of their relationship, which is a pluralist one. This does not mean however that EU law is an international legal system, as this characterisation would not reflect the integration taking place between Member states and the EU. A complex system of direct interactions between European and national organs, correlative to the integrated system of EU/Member States material competences, has given to this relationship a tri-dimensional shape. The EU stricto sensu and the Member States are at the origin of a third common legal system: the EU largo sensu which forms a pluralist internal legal system, encompassing both the EU stricto sensu and the Member States, and which is characterised by a plurality of grounds of validity: those of the EU stricto sensu and those of the Member States. The mystery of the legal nature of the European Union is thus solved.
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MARKERT, Marat. "Striving for autonomy? : preferences and strategies of governments in the EU’s police and criminal justice cooperation." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/29639.
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Defence date: 10 January 2014Examining Board: Professor Adrienne Héritier (Supervisor), European University Institute Professor Brigid Laffan, European University Institute Professor Sandra Lavenex, Universität Luzern Professor Wolfgang Wagner, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
An intriguing proposition in the study of the EU’s area of Police and Judicial Cooperation Criminal Matters (PJCCM) has been that Member States’ (governments) institutional choices in this policy area reflect motives to enhance their autonomy/discretion vis-à-vis domestic and/or supranational actors. According to this argument, by cooperating in an intergovernmental setting governments can circumvent domestic institutional constraints, while at the same time keeping the influence of supranational actors at bay. What is the empirical basis of such claims? Do governments’ institutional preferences indeed reflect strategic attempts at increasing their autonomy vis-à-vis domestic actors in law enforcement policies, as suggested by some authors? Moreover, once institutional rules have been put in place, are governments able to use these rules so as to circumvent EU level constraints? To answer these questions this thesis examined institutional preferences and strategies of governments at Treaty negotiations and in the day-to-day policy-making process in the policy area of PJCCM. In the first part of the thesis, the alleged connection between institutional constraints governments face in their domestic arenas and their respective institutional preferences at Treaty negotiations was tested. In a second part, strategic interactions between governments in the EU Council and the European Commission with respect to institutional rules in the legislative process in PJCCM were examined. The empirical results of both parts suggest that while only a moderate connection between domestic constraints and governments’ institutional preference at Treaty negotiations could be identified, there seems to be a systematic relation between rising EU level constraints and strategic institutional choices of actors that reflect motives for autonomy/discretion. The driving factors behind these day-to-day strategic interactions are the ambiguity of and interstitial changes to institutional rules. More specifically, this thesis shows how ambiguous rules over EU competences in PJCCM and changes to these rules via rulings of the Court of Justice lead actors to deploy litigation strategies (Commission), as well as legislative pre-emption strategies (Member States). Furthermore, these conflicts continue to also characterize the policy-making process in PJCCM after formal institutional reforms (post-Lisbon). Going forward, this thesis suggests that more, rather than less, of these strategic interactions will take place in the near future.
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HELIN, Frederique. "Les quotas laitiers : De l'autorisation administrative au droit des patrimoines Elements de reflexion sur un instruent communautaire de contingentement en droit francais et anglais." Doctoral thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4656.
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Defence date: 20 November 1992Examining board: Prof. T.C. Daintith (Institute of Advanced Studies, London) ; Prof. L. Lorvellec (Université de Nantes) ; Prof. Y. Mény (Institut d'Etudes Politique, Paris) ; Prof. F. Snyder (Institut universitaire européen, Florence) ; Dr. S. Ventura (Commission des Communauté européennes, Bruxelles)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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MENDEZ, Mario. "The legal effect of Community agreements : lessons from the Court." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12039.
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Defence date: 18 June 2009Examining Board: Gráinne de Búrca (former EUI, now Fordham University - supervisor), Marise Cremona (EUI), Pieter-Jan Kuijper (University of Amsterdam), Marc Maresceau (University of Ghent)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis assesses the legal effect of Community Agreements, explored through the case-law of the Community courts. It places this issue within the broader setting of the legal effect of treaties in domestic legal orders and how we think about the role of domestic courts in treaty enforcement. It proposes a basic dichotomy between automatic and non-automatic treaty incorporation in preference to the commonly employed, but analytically unhelpful, language of monism and dualism. And it emphasises the need for greater empirical work as to how courts in automatic treaty incorporation states actually deal with treaties when they are invoked; rather than relying on the untested assumption that the particular phrasing of a constitutional provision providing the port of entry for treaties into the domestic legal arena and/or seminal judicial assertions on their legal effect is matched by existing judicial practice. To this end, a data-set of the existing Community Agreements jurisprudence of the Community Courts was created. It is an assessment of this data-set that provides the core empirical work of this study. This study illustrates how the foundational Community Agreements jurisprudence signalled an attachment to an automatic treaty incorporation model and thus erected a central plank of the Community's external relations constitution with profound constitutional ramifications for the Member States. This constitutes a neglected dimension of the constitutionalisation debate, namely, the constitutionalising effect of Community law upon Community Agreements. The data however indicates that there is evidence of a twin-track judicial approach to Community Agreements emerging. The first, where domestic action of the Member States is being challenged, appears to manifest the unleashing of a full treaty enforcement model. In contrast, there are indications of a judicial willingness to shield Community action from review vis-àvis Community Agreements which has significant implications for the EU's commitment to international law.
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VAN, DER SLUIS Marijn. "In law we trust : the role of EU constitutional law in European monetary integration." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/46925.
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Defence date: 16 June 2017Examining Board: Professor Bruno De Witte, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Deirdre Curtin, EUI; Professor Fabian Amtenbrink, Erasmus University Rotterdam; Professor Mark Dawson, Hertie School of Governance Berlin
Prior to the euro, the topics of constitutional law and monetary policy rarely overlapped. Money was regulated, on the national level, through the ordinary legislative procedures. For European monetary union, the use of constitutional law was nevertheless attractive because it meant that the MS would be in control of the negotiation process, because it enabled a very independent central bank and because it kept the MS in control over the future of the euro. The lack of trust among MS to share a currency was overcome by an abundant trust in law. As the euro was negotiated as a constitutional currency, this created specific opportunities and obstacles for the different parts of the EMU. Once the euro finally came into existence, the constitutional framework of the euro proved remarkably stable for the first decade and a half. After the excitement of Maastricht, monetary policy very quickly became boring again, in no small part due to constitutional law. Unfortunately, EMU primary law was quite successful. During the euro-crisis, EMU primary law shaped the responses to the crisis by placing fewer obstacles on some routes to change than on others. As the crisis developed, some conflicts became the topic of much legal debate and even judicial decisions, whilst other parts of euro-crisis law met with few objections, despite some legally problematic aspects. The possibilities for further reform of the Eurozone without treaty change are then largely the result of the process of reform until now.
Chapter 3 ‘The constitutional Euro' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as a working paper 'The variable geometry of the eurocrisis: a look at the non-euro area Member States' (2015), 2015/33 EUI Working Paper Law.
Chapter 1 ‘Monetary policy and constitutional law before the euro' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as a contribution 'Maastricht revisited: economic constitutionalism the ECB and the Bundesbank' (2014) in the book ‘The constitutionalization of European budgetary constraints’
The conclusion of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article 'EU law for a new generation?' (2016) in the journal ‘International journal of constitutional law’
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KOUNEVA, Magdalena. "Joint ventures in European Community competition law." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5591.
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SCHMIDT-KESSEN, Maria José. "IP competition conflicts in EU law through five judicial lenses." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/55264.
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Defence date: 21 May 2018Examining Board: Prof. Giorgio Monti, EUI (EUI Supervisor) ; Prof. Urska Šadl, EUI ; Prof. Inge Govaere, College of Europe, Bruges ; Prof. Alison Jones, King's College, London
This PhD thesis deals with IP-competition conflicts and how the EU Courts have addressed them over time. It seeks to answer the question of how the reasoning of EU Courts in these cases has been affected by three crucial evolutionary moments in EU law: (1) the Europeanization of IP law (2) the modernization of EU competition law and (3) the elevation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union to a primary source of EU law. The first two chapters provide the theoretical framework of the thesis. The first chapter provides a detailed overview of the three crucial evolutionary moments in EU law mentioned above. The second chapter provides an overview of theories about the legal reasoning of EU Courts and about the different approaches that the courts have adopted when deciding IP-competition conflicts. Five such approaches, or judicial lenses, are identified: an economics, a conflict of laws, a conflict of competences, a constitutional and a private law approach. It is shown that these five different approaches can be linked to the three evolutionary moments at the IP-competition interface in EU law. Chapters three to five trace the theoretical insights from the first two chapters in three case studies on specific business methods having given rise to IP-competition conflicts before EU Courts: (i) selective distribution systems, (ii) digital platforms and restrictions of access, and (iii) lock-in strategies on aftermarkets, in particular in the online environment. The case studies analyse how these comparable factual situations of IP-competition conflicts have been treated on the one hand under EU competition law and on the other under EU IP law. In each case study, the legal reasoning is identified and compared between EU competition and IP law. The main finding in the case studies is that EU Courts treat the spheres of EU competition law and IP law as wholly separate. This has led to quite diverging approaches in comparable cases of IP-competition conflicts depending on whether the cases are brought under EU competition law or IP law, jeopardizing the systemic coherence of EU law and disturbing the CJEU’s dialogue with national ii courts. This situation is not sustainable. In an economic environment where the EU’s economies are increasingly depending on e-commerce and digital assets often protected by IP, IP-competition conflicts are bound to increase. To ensure a legal environment that provides legal certainty and equal conditions for firms to thrive across EU Member States without hurting consumers, a more coherent and improved methodological guidance on how to address IP-competition conflicts is needed. The aim of this thesis is to provide a first step in this direction.
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GUSTAFSSON, Magnus. "The role of commercial arbitrators in enforcing European Competition Law : with special emphasis on Swedish law." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5547.
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Award date: 15 December 2000Supervisors: Petros Mavroidis and Claus-Dieter Ehlermann
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
The topic chosen for this dissertation — the role of commercial arbitrators in enforcing European competition law — may, at least for someone not familiar with arbitration, seem slightly misplaced. After all, competition law is a subject and body of law of a public nature, enforced by governmental administrative agencies, as well as national courts. What has it got to do with arbitration? The simple answer is that arbitration is an extremely common mechanism through which commercial disputes are settled. Companies wish to avoid litigating ‘in the open’, as involvement in litigation in principle reflects negatively on a company and its reputation, even if it is successful in the courtroom. Therefore they are likely to choose arbitration, by stipulating to that effect in their contracts with business partners. Furthermore, it seems to be generally held that competition law is gaining increased importance for arbitrations, something which one may assume is due, 'inter alia', to companies becoming more aware of the advantages one may gain in litigation by relying on those rules.
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BOUCON, Lena. "EU free movement law and the powers retained by member states." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/34842.
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Defence date: 12 December 2014Examining Board: Professor Loïc Azoulai, European University Institute (Supervisor); Doctor Julio Baquero Cruz, European Commission; Professor Michael Dougan, Liverpool Law School; Professor Joseph H. H. Weiler, European University Institute.
The intention of my thesis is to shed light on a technique of integration implemented by the European Court of Justice described as 'power-based approach.' Frequently neglected and overlooked, it is distinct from the ECJ traditional rights-based approach. It materializes in a specific range of free movement cases where Member States are suspected of having impinging on the free movement principle – understood as encompassing the four economic freedoms and EU citizenship – when they exercise what the Court deems as being their retained powers. A variety of fields are concerned, such as nationality, direct taxation, social security, or education. My overall claim is that the power-based approach contributes to defining and shaping the contours of the relationship between the European Union and its Member States, of EU interstate relations and, ultimately, of Union membership. I start with an attempt at deconstruction to identify the defining features of the cases concerned by this approach: (i) they revolve around the structural notion of power; (ii) the applicability of the free movement principle stems from the disjunction of the scope of application of EU law from the scope of EU powers; (iii) the settlement of the conflicts at hand amounts to a 'mutual adjustment resolution,' which consists in putting limitations on the exercise of the powers retained by Member States, while the Court itself tends to soften its own approach to protect national autonomy. I then proceed with an effort at reconstruction. First, I identify the jurisdictional implications of the power-based approach. Next, I look into its implications for membership of the Union. Lastly, I provide an overall critical and structural reassessment. I show that the silence of the Court regarding the rationale behind its approach has the effect of weakening its legitimacy and its authority. I finally identify its resulting structural model.
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BOIRET, Karolina. "Selective enforcement of EU law : explaining institutional choice." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/44326.
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Defence date: 5 December 2016Examining Board: Professor Marise Cremona (supervisor), EUI; Professor Miguel Maduro, EUI; Professor Francesco Maiani, University of Lausanne; Doctor Günter Wilms, Legal service, European Commission and Legal Advisor, EUI
The Commission’s policy of selective enforcement rests on four pillars: confidentiality, bilateralism, flexibility, and autonomy. For years, the European Parliament, the Ombudsman and stakeholders have put pressure on the Commission to reform its enforcement policy in order to increase its legitimacy in the eyes of EU citizens by, inter alia, allowing complainants access to documentation from its investigations and securing their rights by means of legally-binding measures. They have sought to replace the Commission’s existing discretionary model of enforcement with a new approach characterized by such standards as transparency, trilateralism, objectivity, and accountability. The Commission, however, supported by the Court of Justice, has in most part resisted these challenges, changing its policy of selective enforcement only to such a degree that does not substantially interfere with its four pillars. This thesis seeks to explain the reasons for the Commission’s commitment to the existing discretionary model of enforcement. By means of the Comparative Institutional Analysis, it is argued that the proposed reforms would distort the balance between the Commission’s demand and supply sides. The Commission’s capacity to enforce EU law is limited, and burdening it with new responsibilities in order to introduce transparency or objectivity to its operation would lead to the formalization of enforcement measures, increasing its administrative burden and decreasing its efficiency. It would skew its attention towards complainant-relevant violations and transform its enforcement into a vehicle for individual grievances running counter to the Commission’s understanding of its enforcement function as guardian of the Treaties. The Commission’s opposition to the accountability approach does not, however, mean a rejection of its demands. The EU Pilot is an example of the Commission’s effort to address some of these expectations while maintaining the balance between the forces of supply and demand. Selective enforcement thus may not be as much about prioritizing cases as it is about assigning appropriate enforcement measures.
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WESSELING, Rein. "Constitutional developments in EC antitrust law." Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4823.
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GIBBS, Alun Howard. "Thinking constitutionally about the European Union's area of freedom, security and justice." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12026.
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Defence date: 15/06/2009Examining Board: Profs. Hans Lindahl (Tilburg University); Kimmo Nuotio (University of Helsinki); Wojciech Sadurski (EUI); Neil Walker (Supervisor, former EUI and University of Edinburgh)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis sets out to consider the constitutional implications of a policy of legal integration regarding internal security matters in the EU. It argues that constitutional theory is fundamental to addressing the legality and accountability concerns raised about the developing legal practice of the EU’s ‘Area of Freedom, Security and Justice’ (AFSJ). Conducting such a study poses important questions about how to pursue a constitutional approach to legal and political practices which do not resemble in any straight forward way the constitutional tradition of the nation state. This thesis advances the argument that constitutional theory cannot properly be construed as a ‘tool-kit’, a set of rules or principles with universal validity to cause a state of affairs or event then dubbed as legality or accountability. Instead it is argued that constitutional theory must work to reveal the issues of restraint, accountability or legality that are in fact part of an ongoing practice, not a one-off settlement; in which the theorist attempts to disclose or reveal the meaningfulness of what is described as the ‘common experience of the political way of life’. Consequently the first part of the thesis outlines how constitutional theory can establish the features of the ‘common experience of the political way of life’ (also referred to as the ‘constitutive function’) and it explains that meaning is situated in a historical background, which is uncovered by the theorist by providing an interpretation of this background. The thesis therefore advances and defends an interpretive theory of legal scholarship. These methodological parameters provide an appropriate means of making sense of the developments in the EU concerning the AFSJ, which thereafter becomes the focus of the thesis. In particular it concentrates on the importance of developing an understanding of public goods that form the basis as to why it is possible to think in constitutional terms about the AFSJ. The approach taken to public goods is that they manifest the meaningful commitments of a political community and therefore cannot be construed in instrumental terms. The thesis outlines that the constitutional issues facing the AFSJ are often collapsed into matters of instrumentalism that conceals the need to engage with the on-going meaning of the practices as forming part of a common political way of life. It is argued in conclusion that the thesis has provided a more robust way of not only considering the challenges facing the emerging internal security policies of the EU but has also provided an appropriate theoretical approach for the study of such issues in constitutional theory.
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HEDELUND, FRANDSEN Mette. "A comparative legal analysis of the impact of the EEC competition law on domestic nordic competition law." Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4655.
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HÄGGLÖF, Mikael. "Emissions trading and competition law : refusal to supply marketable pollution permits." Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5544.
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