Academic literature on the topic 'Administrative agencies – France'
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Journal articles on the topic "Administrative agencies – France"
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Ziegler, J. Nicholas. "Institutions, Elites, and Technological Change in France and Germany." World Politics 47, no. 3 (April 1995): 341–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100016427.
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Most comparative studies of public strategies for competitiveness focus on the links between public agencies and industrial sectors. This paper argues that the professions—or knowledge-bearing elites—that animate these organizational links are equally significant. For public policies to promote technological advance, the visions and self-images of knowledge-bearing elites are particularly important. By examining administrative and technical elites in France and Germany in the 1980s, the paper identifies characteristics that enable these elites to implement policy in some cases but not in others. France's “state-created” elites were well positioned to initiate and implement large technology projects, such as digitizing the telecommunications network. By contrast, Germany's state-recognized elites were better positioned to facilitate framework-oriented programs aimed at the diffusion of new technologies throughout industry. The linkages between administrative and technical elites also explain why French policymakers had difficulty adapting policy to changing circumstances over time, whereas German policymakers managed in many cases to learn more from previous policy experiences and to adapt subsequent initiatives accordingly.
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SARKISYAN, Zhaklin M. "Models of Institutional Organization of Budgetary Control in Foreign Countries." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, no. 1 (September 25, 2018): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v9.1(31).34.
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The article discusses some of the features, showing that experts distinguish the following models of institutional organization of budgetary control: parliamentary control, administrative control, judicial control. Parliamentary control in the field of Finance to produce to the Commission or parliamentary committees or audit bodies, for example, the chamber. Exercising budgetary control committees have certain features in different States as the order of the information and competence. Administrative and financial control in the public sectors the head of state, government and specialized bodies, in addition, ministries and agencies. Judicial financial control in the public sector carry out so-called judicial or quasi-judicial bodies, for example, the court of accounts in France, Italy, Spain etc.
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ELGIE, ROBERT. "Why Do Governments Delegate Authority to Quasi-Autonomous Agencies? The Case of Independent Administrative Authorities in France." Governance 19, no. 2 (April 2006): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2006.00312.x.
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Issalys, Pierre. "Regards sur le droit administratif suisse." Les Cahiers de droit 19, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 703–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042262ar.
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Looking at Swiss administrative law from a Quebec perspective, this paper outlines some aspects of the Swiss system that provide useful models or references for the discussion and resolution of current issues in Canadian and Quebec administrative law. These issues are identified as (1) the proliferation of independent administrative agencies, and the means to control or at least systematize the growth of such structures ; (2) the desirability and feasibility of enacting general standards of procedure for administrative action ; (3) the simplification of remedies in the field of judicial review of administrative action ; (4) the desirability and feasibility of allocating judicial review powers to a specialized court, either within or outside the Superior Court ; and (5) the desirability and form of a procedure allowing for political intervention in the decision-making process of independent agencies. In the light of these issues, the paper describes the allocation of review functions between administrative and judicial bodies in Swiss federal law. The structure and activity of the Swiss Federal Court (Tribunal fédéral), and especially of the division of the Court that deals with most administrative law cases, are outlined in some more detail. A short historical sketch leads to a discussion of the corresponding features of the law in some of the cantons, and to consideration of the special position given to social security matters in the general scheme of administrative law. The paper then focusses on administrative action itself, commenting on the most significant provisions in the Federal Administrative Procedure Act (Loi fédérale sur la procédure administrative) of 1968. Special attention is paid to the process of review within the administration, up to the level of the federal cabinet (Conseil fédéral). Corresponding provisions in the law of some of the cantons are also briefly discussed. The description of the federal review process is then completed by an outline of the procedure for judicial review of administrative action by the Federal Court (Recours de droit administrative). Finally, notice is again taken of the special position of social security as regards administrative procedure. The paper draws attention, in its concluding part, to the most interesting insights provided by Swiss law into the current problems of Canadian and Quebec administrative law. The growth of administrative tribunals has been brought under control by structural arrangements, especially in the field of social security. The introduction of general standards of procedure has brought greater uniformity and clarity, has emphasized the unity of administrative process including the review phase before administrative or judicial authorities, and has strenghtened the rule of law over government action. The existence of a single procedure to invoke judicial review eases access to the court. While in many cases review by the court is excluded, these exclusions have to be specific, and leave full opportunity for review within the administration, with adequate safeguards provided by the Administrative Procedure Act. Specialization occurs within the Federal Court, and does not involve a rigid separation between judges applying administrative law and judges applying other branches of the law, as in France or Germany. Finally, ultimate political control over certain types of decisions is admitted as a part of life in Swiss federal law, but is at the same time subjected to a quasi-judicial procedure which makes it an acknowledged source of administrative justice.
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Filipenko, A. S. "Experience in organizing the activities of law enforcement agencies in European countries." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (April 28, 2022): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2021.04.36.
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The article considers foreign experience in organizing the activities of law enforcement agencies. It is determined that the field of law enforcement is constantly in a state of dynamic transformation and improvement, which to some extent reflects the direction of national legislation and policies.
It is also noted that according to modern requirements, maintaining the rule of law is one of the most important tasks of the state, so in organizing the work of law enforcement agencies, the implementation of international experience is one of the most important tasks of the rule of law. One of the current trends in the development of the legal system is its openness, which determines the possibility of using advanced foreign concepts to implement universally recognized international principles, norms and standards of human and civil rights and freedoms.It is emphasized that the following facts should be taken into account: historical traditions of legislation and law enforcement, features of socio-economic and cultural development of countries, general cultural and legal consciousness of the population, degree of interaction with government and civil society, features of national police, logistics. providing police and other important factors. International law enforcement standards have an important role to play in policing.It was found that abroad, as in Ukraine, law enforcement reform is part of administrative reform, and the direction of its implementation often depends on the overall objectives of public administration reform. The purpose of most reforms in foreign countries is to: increase the efficiency of national systems; transforming the country into a responsible employer capable of attracting a sufficient number of workers with the necessary qualifications, controlling the cost of their maintenance; increasing the confidence of the private sector and citizens in public institutions.Three models of internal security in European countries are considered: centralized or continental model (Norway, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg), decentralized model (Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Romania, Combino) (integrated) model (UK, Germany, Netherlands).
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Bernier, Louise, Georges-Auguste Legault, Charles-Etienne Daniel, Suzanne Kocsis Bédard, Jean-Pierre Béland, Christian Bellemare, Pierre Dagenais, Hubert Gagnon, Monelle Parent, and Johane Patenaude. "PP141 Legal Governance: How Does Law Circumscribe The Social Role Of Health Technology Assessment?" International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317002884.
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INTRODUCTION:One of the barriers of integrating ethics in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) relates to the social role of HTA (1). The aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of the way by which law circumscribes the social role of HTA. Our hypothesis: HTA's social role is embedded within a mixed governance based on hard law and soft law.METHODS:Three HTA agencies were conveniently selected for our study: Haute Autorité de santé (HAS) (France), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (United Kingdom) and Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) (Québec, Canada). Our analysis of the legal, administrative and procedural documents relating to the existence and assessment processes of these three agencies is guided by the following criteria: 1.The normative strength of the documents (categories of hard law or soft law) (2)2.The definition of the agencies’ social role (1)3.The integration of ethics in the agencies’ mandate.RESULTS:Hard law contributes to establish a general mandate and some legal legitimacy for these agencies. Soft law, grounded in the HTA producers' practices, plays a major role in the legal governance of HTA. Our results demonstrate that these agencies existing practices seem to circumscribe their social role further than their constitutive laws. In this context, social actors become responsible to define, structure and operationalize the implementation of HTA.In addition, the legal framework (hard law) through which HTA unfolds does not clearly support its structural and social role. Despite existing legal frameworks, the normative legitimacy of HTA is not entirely established, as it depends on soft law. Taken altogether, this maintains a persisting conceptual vagueness in HTA governance.CONCLUSIONS:The social role of HTA should be defined either through modifying existing legislations (hard law) or through harmonization of the agencies internal policies and regulations (soft law). Such legal initiatives would help clarify the aims of HTA evaluations: assessments (scientific) or appraisal (value-laden), and therefore give a clearer indication on how best to integrate ethics in HTA.
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Laffin, Martin. "Explaining reforms: post-New Public Management myths or political realities? Social housing delivery in England and France." International Review of Administrative Sciences 85, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852317746223.
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This article examines the assumption that recent reforms in social and public services can be understood as a transition from New Public Management to post-New Public Management. English and French social housing delivery are selected as two cases in which to test out this assumption, for ostensibly these delivery structures share significant cross-national, post-NPM similarities – a movement towards a more ‘enabling’ or steering role for central government, the creation of coordinating agencies, ‘decentralization’ initiatives, the extensive use of public–private arrangements to finance social housing and the involvement of a wide range of extra- and semi-governmental organizations. However, further investigation reveals that these reforms of delivery structures have not been predominantly driven by an unfolding post-NPM managerial or governance logic as the thesis assumes. Rather the reforms have been driven by the partisan electoral and ideological goals of central government policymakers within the context of institutional legacies and entrenched social values. Points for practitioners New Public Management and post-New Public Management have become the conventional wisdom on administrative reforms particularly in a comparative context. This article argues that these ideas reflect an impoverished understanding of public administration given that they assume that change occurs predominantly through the unfolding of managerial and/or governance logics. These logics exclude the critical role of the political parties and other socio-political factors, such as urban unrest, in driving change. This Anglo-French analysis of social housing delivery demonstrates the significance of these political factors in how policymakers define social problems, re-design and implement social housing service delivery systems.
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Weidenfeld, Katia, and Alexis Spire. "Punishing tax offenders in France and Great Britain: two criminal policies." Journal of Financial Crime 24, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 574–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-05-2016-0030.
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Purpose Since 2008-2009, the governments in France and Great Britain have encouraged more rigorous penalization of tax evaders. This paper aims to investigate the implementation of these policies on the basis of an important and original empirical material. Design/methodology/approach The study done in France relies on interviews conducted with representatives of law enforcement agencies on public statistics and on an innovative database compiled from nearly 600 cases submitted to the judiciary. The comparison with Great Britain is developed through interviews conducted with different participants in the fight against tax fraud and statistical information. Findings This paper describes the recent evolution of the machinery for screening tax-related wrongdoings in France and in the UK. It demonstrates that whilst publicly calling for harsh punishment against tax dodgers, in practice, both governments tend to seek a balance between the growing demand for tax equality and the belief that the State should not intervene in the economic realm. This strategy leads to the over-representation of certain categories of taxpayers. Despite the commonalities resulting from the numerous filters before prosecution, the penal strategy takes on two different shapes on either side of the Channel: whereas the British institutions support an “exemplary punitive” system, French regulatory system favours a “quasi-administrative” treatment. The French tax authority continues to use the criminal procedures mainly as a financial instrument for the improved restitution of stolen taxes. The policy of Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs, supported by the “Sentencing Guidelines”, aims much more at obtaining exemplary convictions. Originality/value Based on a large empirical material, this paper highlights the different outcomes of the criminal trials against tax evaders in the two countries.
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Demchuk, N., and R. Havric. "Legal responsibility for illegal crossing of the state border: foreign experience of legal regulation." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (July 2, 2022): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.01.25.
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In the scientific article, the authors conducted a study of foreign experience in prosecuting for illegal crossing of the state border under the laws of neighboring countries and the European Union. Based on the study, the authors concluded that according to foreign legislation on liability for illegal crossing of the state border, such acts are mostly criminal liability (especially post-Soviet states, except Ukraine, Belarus, Estonia and Moldova; the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Poland; France; Germany). However, the legislation of many European Union countries, including the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Estonia, provides for criminal liability only if there are aggravating circumstances when crossing the state border, providing for administrative liability for crossing the state border in other cases. Such circumstances are: use of force or threat of imminent use of force when crossing the state border, violation of the air border, ignoring the stop signal or order issued by a border guard official, crossing the border by a group of persons or a vehicle in a place not intended to cross the border, repeated offense while crossing the border, causing serious damage to health or life of a border guard official. Similarly, the legal regulation of legal liability for illegal crossing of the state border in Ukraine is an administrative offense, but in the presence of qualifying circumstances (illegal crossing of the state border to harm the interests of the state, as well as illegal crossing of the state border by a person prohibited entry into the territory of Ukraine, or representatives of units of the armed forces or other law enforcement agencies of the aggressor state) – a crime. Belarusian law provides for administrative liability for illegal crossing of the state border for the first time, and criminal liability for repeated offenses. States such as the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Moldova, whose legislation does not provide for criminal liability for illegal entry and illegal stay in the country, consider illegal crossing of the state border exclusively as an administrative offense.
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Susanto, Sri Nurhari. "Larangan Ultra Vires (Exces De Pouvoir) dalam Tindakan Pemerintahan (Studi Komparasi Konsep antara Sistem Hukum Anglo Saxon dan Sistem Hukum Kontinental)." Administrative Law and Governance Journal 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/alj.v3i2.260-271.
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This research aims to determine the use of authority by government agencies is legality. Specifically, to find out more about the prohibition of Ultra Vires (Exces De Pouvoir) in Government Actions (Comparative Study of Concepts between the Anglo Saxon Law System and the Continental Legal System). The results of the study indicate that First, the form of government agency action prohibition in the form of excès de pouvoir (ultra vires), both in the Anglo Saxon legal system (Britain, USA, Australia, etc.) and Continental especially France includes also the prohibition of abuse of authority (abuse of power, detournement de pouvoir). Second, the Prohibition of abuse of authority (detournement de pouvoir) in France has been developed into 3 (three) variants, namely the Administrative Agency has the purpose / aims to achieve goals that are entirely other than the public interest, and as a personal goal. Keywords: Prohibition of Ultra Vires, Government Actions, Legal System. Abstrak Penelitian inimbertujuan untuk mengetahui Larangan Ultra Vires (Exces De Pouvoir) dalam Tindakan Pemerintahan (Studi Komparasi Konsep Antara Sistem Hukum Anglo Saxon Dan Sistem Hukum Kontinental). Hasil penelitian menjukan bahwa Pertama, Bentuk larangan tindakan badan pemerintah yang berupa excès de pouvoir (ultra vires), baik dalam sistem hukum Anglo Saxon (Inggris, USA, Australia, dll) maupun Kontinental khususnya Prancis meliputi juga larangan penyalahgunaan wewenang (abuse of power, detournement de pouvoir). Kedua, Larangan penyalahgunaan wewenang (detournement de pouvoir) di Prancis telah dikembangkan ke dalam 3 (tiga) varian, yaitu Badan Administrasi memiliki tujuan/bertujuan untuk mencapai tujuan yang sepenuhnya selain bagi kepentingan umum, dan sebagai tujuan pribadi. Kata Kunci: Larangan Ultra Vires, Tindakan Pemerintahan, Sistem Hukum.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Administrative agencies – France"
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Nakasene, Vanthong. "L'ordre administratif : vers une réforme du système judiciaire en RDP Lao." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058665.
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La thèse a pour objectif d'étudier l'ordre administratif : vers une réforme du système judiciaire en RDP Lao à travers l'étude d'identification des règles de droit administratif parmi les textes législatifs existants. La thèse est divisée en deux parties : Première partie : La création d'un droit administratif laotien. L'existence d'un droit administratif laotien est une hypothèse départ qui a permis d'évoquer le développement d'un droit autonome. Puis, les procédures actuelles de résolutions des litiges administratifs ont été étudiées sur la base du questionnaire qui avait été élaboré pour cette étude. Deuxième partie : Pour l'autonomie du droit administratif laotien par la mise en place d'une justice administrative. Il s'agit d'analyser les expériences des pays étrangers : France, Thaïlande et Vietnam sur la création de juridictions administratives. Le but est de connaître comment les juridictions administratives ont vu le jour dans ces pays d'une part et d'autre part d'examiner les caractéristiques celles-ci en tirant les bonnes leçons et expériences afin de proposer le modèle le plus adapté pour le Laos.
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Chi, Ho-Chun. "La réforme des administrations centrales à Taïwan et en France : agences et autorités indépendantes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D074.
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Le développement rapide de la société contemporaine et de la communication, ainsi que l’avènement de la mondialisation aboutissent à la diversification et complexité des affaires publiques. Ces missions nouvelles exigent que l’administration ou le fonctionnaire reste flexible et ouvert pour répondre aux besoins du peuple, cependant l’État et les administrations hiérarchiques ne sont pas capables d’assouplir facilement la structure et la procédure administrative non contentieuses en raison du cadre authentique. D’une part, l’État s’est attaché à des services publics en intervenant longtemps sur le marché libre, à l’origine, les services publics ont eu pour but de promouvoir l’intérêt général, une part des politiciens et des fonctionnaires ont satisfait illégalement l’intérêt privé à travers la puissante confiée ; d’autre part, l’efficacité des services publics restait plus mauvaise que celle des entreprises privées. C’est-à-dire que les administrations ont ignoré souvent l’importance de l’analyse coût-avantage. Même si une administration remplit sa tâche au nom de l’intérêt général, les citoyens ne lui permettent pas de gaspiller les ressources étatiques. Le design de l’institution de l’organisation publique au dehors de l’administration hiérarchique peut se référer à la théorie de gouvernance publique nouvelle. Afin d’assurer la limite de compétence entre pouvoir législatif et pouvoir exécutif, la séparation des pouvoirs mérite de prendre en considération la légitimité et raisonnabilité. Enfin, le mécanisme de l’imputabilité se concrétise la demande de la démocratie et la responsabilité politique. Compte tenu de la corruption potentielle et de la diminution de juge et partie, l’apparition de l’organisation administrative indépendante a la fonction de maintenir la compétition équitable et d’éviter la corruption aux États-Unis à la fin de 19e siècle. La France a instauré la première autorité administrative indépendante, la Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL) en 1978. Il existe 26 autorités administratives indépendantes jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Le pouvoir législatif élargit les fonctions de celles qui sont susceptibles de la régulation de la concurrence, de la promotion des rapports entre les administrations et les citoyens, ainsi que la protection des droits fondamentaux. Par rapport à l’autorité administrative indépendante en France, le législateur taïwanais a fait preuve de prudence en matière de la création de l’organisation administrative indépendante. Selon son point de vue, elle se soustrait au contrôle de l’administration supérieure en suscitant des querelles au sein du gouvernement. Le Yuan législatif a inauguré la première commission administration indépendante, la Commission de la concurrence équitable (CCE) en 1992. (...)The fast development of modern society and communication, as well as the emergence of globalization, bring on the diversification and complexity of public affairs. New missions require that administrations or civil servants become flexible and open to meet the needs of the people, but, because of the authentic framework, the State and hierarchical administrations are not able to easily change the rigid structure and procedure in the administration. On the one hand, the State has provided public services for the people through continuous intervention in the free market. In the original, public services have had the aim of promoting the general interest, some politicians and civil servants have illegally satisfied the private interest through their powers; on the other hand, the efficiency of public services is worse than that of private companies. Administration is used to ignoring the importance of cost-benefit analysis. Even if an administration carries out its task in the name of the general interest, citizens do not allow it to waste state resources.The design of the public organization’s institution outside the hierarchical administration can refer to the theory of new public governance. In order to ensure the boundary between legislative power and executive power, the separation of powers claims to take into consideration legitimacy and reasonableness. Finally, the accountability mechanism is embodied in the demand for democracy and political responsibility. Taking account of the potential corruptions and the decrease the conflict of interest, the emergence of the independent administrative organization arrived for maintaining the fair competition and avoiding the corruption in the United States at the end of the 19th century. France established the first independent administrative authority, the Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL) in 1978. Up to now, there are 26 independent administrative authorities. The legislative power extends the functions of those who are likely to regulate competition, promote relations between administrations and citizens, and protect fundamental rights. Compared with the independent administrative authority in France, the Taiwanese legislation has been cautious about creating the independent administrative organization. In his view, it evades the control of the senior administration and easily causes the flight within the government. The legislative Yuan inaugurated the first independent administrative commission, the Fair Competition Commission (FCC) in 1992. (...)
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Alnamsh, Munirah. "La libéralisation des télécommunications : étude de droit administratif comparé franco-koweitien." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0034.
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La libéralisation des télécommunications soulève des questions juridiques, politiques et sociales. L’interaction entre ces divers enjeux incite logiquement à retracer le processus d’adaptation du service public des télécommunications. Avec la libéralisation de ce secteur, nous passons d’une approche étatiste et unifiée à un avenir libéral. Cette transformation n’a pas été sans conséquences juridiques. En réalité, l’avènement des idées libérales dans le secteur des télécommunications a conduit à une confrontation entre les principes économiques traditionnels du droit public et celles de droit la concurrence, et fait surgir des problèmes juridiques nouveaux. Cette thèse a pour objet d’étudier l’expérience française et koweitienne en matière de libéralisation du secteur des télécommunications. Il s’agira plus particulièrement d’identifier les multiples dimensions juridiques de cette libéralisation, notamment les enjeux liés au service public. Dans cette perspective, deux points fondamentaux ont été successivement abordés. D’une part, la mise en œuvre de la libéralisation des télécommunications en France et au Koweït. D’autre part, la restructuration organique et matérielle du service public des télécommunications.L’analyse comparative permet de démontrer que le contexte de la libéralisation varie entre la France et le Koweït. En France, la libéralisation du service public des télécommunications s’explique dans une large mesure par l’influence du droit européen. Il s’agit d’une traduction progressive des diverses directives européennes relatives à la libéralisation des services en réseaux. Au Koweït, la libéralisation du secteur des télécommunications est le résultat d’une volonté interne, soutenue par certaines recommandations internationales en la matière. La libéralisation du secteur des télécommunications au Koweït n’a pas été aussi cohérente et harmonieuse qu’en France. C’est pourquoi, un projet de réforme a été proposé pour permettre au droit koweïtien de s’adapter au nouveau contexte économique et socialThe Liberalization of telecommunications in all its aspects raises legal, political and social issues. The interaction between these various issues logically and naturally encourages us to trace the process of adaptation of the public telecommunications service. That in mind, the liberalization of this sector, is moving us towards a future with this perspective. It is without note that this transformation has not been without legal consequences. The advent of liberal ideas in the telecommunications sector has brought the traditional economic principles of public law into competition law, and new legal problems are emerging. This thesis aims to study the French and Kuwaiti experience in the liberalization of the telecommunications sector. It will be necessary to identify the multiple legal dimensions of this liberalization, in particular the issues related to the public service. In this perspective, two fundamental points have been successively addressed. On the one hand, the implementation of the liberalization of telecommunications in France and Kuwait. On the other hand, the organic and material restructuring of the public telecommunications service.The comparative analysis has shown that the context of liberalization varies between France and Kuwait. In France, the liberalization of the public telecommunications service is to a large extent explained by the influence of European law. This is a progressive translation of the various European directives relating to the liberalization of networked services. In Kuwait, the liberalization of the telecommunications sector is the result of an internal desire, supported by certain international recommendations in this area. The liberalization of the telecommunications sector in Kuwait has not been as coherent and harmonious as in France. That is why a reform project has been proposed to allow Kuwaiti law to adapt to the new economic and social context
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Ghandour, Bertille. "Le traitement judiciaire des entreprises en difficulté." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20025.
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Traditionnellement, le droit des entreprises en difficulté recourt à l’autorité judiciaire pour la mise en oeuvre de ses dispositions et la réalisation de ses finalités. Toutefois, considérant l’évolution de ce droit, le traitement « tout judiciaire » des difficultés des entreprises est remis en cause. En effet, il ne s’agit plus seulement de sanctionner, mais davantage de prévenir les difficultés et de sauvegarder les entreprises, ce qui dénature l’office juridictionnel. De plus, les commerçants ne sont plus les seuls concernés par ce droit, ce qui aboutit à l’éclatement de la compétence juridictionnelle. Il y aurait lieu d’envisager d’autres modes de traitement. Prenant en compte l’existence d’un traitement administratif, connu du surendettement, mais, aussi, des entreprises, et favorisant le règlement alternatif des difficultés, une autre voie peut être proposée pour la prise en charge de l’impossibilité économique d’exécuter. La légitimité du juge, dont les interventions seraient recentrées et la compétence spécialisée, en ressortirait renforcée pour le traitement des entreprises en difficultéTraditionally, insolvency law appeals to the judicial authority to apply its provisions and to carry out its aims. However, regarding the evolution of this law, the exclusive judicial treatment of the difficulties is challenged. Indeed, it is no longer only to punish but more to prevent difficulties and safeguard businesses, which distorts the judicial office of the judge. In addition, traders are not the only ones affected by this law, leading to the outbreak of jurisdiction. Subsequently, there is a need to consider other modes of treatment. Taking into account the existence of an administrative process, known by over-indebtedness, but also by businesses, and promoting alternative dispute resolution of difficulties, another path can be proposed for the management of the economic impossibility of performance. The legitimacy of the judge, whose interventions would be refocused and skills specialised, would be strengthened in relation to the treatment of undertakings facing difficulties
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Guehair, Nourreddine. "La notation financière : cas des collectivités locales françaises." Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU2005.
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La modernisation des finances des grandes collectivités locales françaises interroge la notation financière. Nous traitons de leurs motivations et de leurs utilités et finalités pratiques, au-delà du rôle principal d'accès aux financements. Nous mobilisons le cadre multi-théorique de l'agence et du signal, des parties prenantes, de l'apprentissage, et la théorie néo-institutionnelle. Un questionnaire et des données publiques portant sur 149 collectivités dont 20 notées sont la base de travail. Les résultats montrent que les motivations de recours à la notation sont principalement : la taille, le niveau de contrôle du risque et d'information financière, des variables financières et fiscales, les insuffisances perçues des dispositifs DGCP et DGCL de prévention des risques, ainsi que l'image des agences de notation. Au-delà d'un rôle de certification, la notation financière apparaît également comme un outil d'apprentissage, de contrôle, de légitimation et d'information financière en interne et en externe. Elle deviendrait un outil managérial contribuant à l'amélioration de la gouvernance des collectivités localesThe modernization of public finance of major french local authorities questioned credit rationg. We discuss their motivations for using their practical utilities and purposes, beyond the role of access to financing. We have recourse to a wide theoretical framework : the theory of the agency, the signal, the stakeholders, as well as the learning and the neo-institutional theories. The work is based on a questionnaire plus public data originating from 149 communities among which 20 are rated. The results show that the motivations for the use of credit rating are mainly : size, the level of risk control and financial reporting, tax and financial variables, the perceived shortcomings of the DGCO and DGCL risk prevention devices, as well as the image of the rating agencies. Beyong the role of certification, credit ratings also appears as a tool for learning, controlling, legitimating, obtaining and disseminates financial information both in internally and externally. It would became a managerial tool contributing to improving local governance
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Niemiec-Gombert, Amélie. "Le rôle du Département dans l'adoption." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL20006.
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Depuis la décentralisation, les prérogatives départementales en matière d’adoption n’ont fait que se renforcer. Cette collectivité territoriale intervient à tous les niveaux de l’adoption, que ce soit du côté de la famille biologique de l’enfant, des familles adoptives, ou encore des enfants adoptables ou adoptés. Le Département est ainsi devenu un acteur incontournable de l’adoption. En raison des nouvelles problématiques liées à la spécificité de la filiation adoptive, ce rôle est encore appelé à se développer. Si, à l’occasion de certaines des attributions qui lui sont confiées, le Département a lapossibilité de jouer pleinement son rôle, il semble qu’à l’inverse d’autres fonctions aient perdu de leur importance en raison des pouvoirs auxquels la collectivité départementale est confrontée. La présente étude a pour objet de préciser le véritable rôle du Département dans l’adoption, que son intervention se situe dans le processus adoptif ou auprès des enfants adoptables ou adoptésSince decentralisation, departmental prerogatives with regard to adoption have been reinforced. This local authority intervenes at all levels of the adoption process, be it from the side of the biological parents, adoptive families, or adoptable or adopted children. In this way the department became a key player in adoption. Due to emerging issues connected to thespecifics of adoptive filiations, this role is to grow and expand.If, with some of the duties assigned to it, the Department has had the opportunity to play its full role, it seems that the reverse has happened with some other of its functions having losttheir importance due to the powers which the departmental community faces. The present study was to clarify the true role of the Department in adoption, whether its intervention lies in the adoption process or around adoptable or adopted children
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Depigny, Bertrand. "L’agencification et la recomposition des scènes locales d’action publique : L’Agence nationale pour la rénovation urbaine comme nouvelle bureaucratie technique ? : (France, début XXIème siècle)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20100/document.
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Cette thèse analyse le processus de genèse de l'Agence nationale pour la rénovation urbaine (ANRU) et ses effets sur les scènes locales de l'action publique. Elle s'appuie sur un travail de terrain composé de deux scènes principales. La première est constituée de l'ensemble des acteurs concernés par le processus de fabrique de l'Agence. La seconde s'articule autour des acteurs de la mise en oeuvre sur trois sites enquêtés (Bourges, Lyon, Marseille) et au sein de l'ANRU. Ce travail se propose de participer à l'analyse de l'action publique urbaine à travers deux entrées. La première revient sur le processus de légitimation d'un impératif de changement à l'origine de la genèse de l'ANRU qui résulterait de la représentation d'une situation problématique dans le champ de la rénovation urbaine. La seconde s'articule autour de l'idée que cette représentation façonne la nature des effets engendrés par la logique de fonctionnement de l'ANRU. Ce travail a pour fil directeur le rapport au phénomène de bureaucratisation que donne à voir l'ANRU, aussi bien au cours de l'étape de sa création que dans la phase de mise en oeuvre de l'action. Cette thèse permet de montrer que, sous couvert d'une recherche d'efficacité et la mobilisation d'un dispositif d'action publique teinté de néomanagérialisme, la mise en action de l'ANRU produit à son tour des pesanteurs et des routines qui vont à l'encontre de ses raisons d'être. Ces effets révèlent une tendance à la bureaucratisation à laquelle l'ANRU n'échappe pas et dont les premières victimes sont les agents des services déconcentrés de l'État mis à sa disposition. L'analyse montre qu'au-delà de cette conséquence, ce sont également les rapports centre-périphérie et la régulation politico-administrative locale qui se trouvent recomposés par l'agencification de la rénovation urbaineOur PhD is focusing on the analysis of the process of creation of the French national agency for urban renewal (ANRU) and its effects on local scenes of public action. This work refers to an empirical work composed by two main scenes. The first one, the « Parisian » scene is constituted by the actors involved in the process of creation of the Agency. The second scene is based on the actors of the carrying out, whereas they were on each of the three local investigation grounds (Bourges, Lyon, Marseille) or inside the ANRU. This PhD proposes to analyze the urban public action towards two main entries. The first one goes back on the process of legitimation of a change imperative at the beginning of the creation of the ANRU. This process of legitimation would result from the representation of a problematic situation in the urban renewal area. The second entry supposes that this representation shapes the nature of the effects of the functioning logic of the ANRU we can observe during the implementation period. This work has for main direction the link with the phenomenon of bureaucratization which can be observed as well in the creation period as in the implementation stage. This PhD lets show that, under cover of an efficiency quest and the mobilization of an public action tool tinged with neomanagerialism, the functioning of the ANRU infers inertia and routines which go against the original aims of the ANRU. These effects put in relief a trend to bureaucratization the ANRU doesn't escape and that makes the local services of the State administration the first victims. The analysis highlights that, beyond this major consequence, the links between the central power and local authorities and the local politico-administrative regulation are rebuilt by the “agencification” of the urban renewal policy
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Moro, François. "L'administration du système de santé : les effets de la création de l'agence régionale de santé." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10002/document.
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L'administration du système de santé s'est profondément renouvelée avec l'instauration d'agences sanitaires. La mise en place de l'ARS en 2009 participe à l'unification de l'action sanitaire au niveau régional qui faisait défaut sous l'emprise de l'ARH. L'introduction de l'ARS ne traduit qu'une simplification apparente du dispositif de l'action sanitaire, à la confluence du modèle de l'agence sanitaire et de l'Administration territoriale de l'Etat. Cette nouvelle agence apparait alors comme une agence territoriale inédite qui trouve une expression particulière dans son intervention sur le système de santé. L'appropriation des instruments de la régulation par l'ARS, incarnée par le contrat atteste d'un renouvellement des procédés de l'action sanitaire. L'ARS procède à une régulation territoriale du système de santé qui présente un caractère original. Cette rénovation de l'action sanitaire est pour autant loin d'être achevée. Les rapports entre l'ARS et les établissements publics de santé expriment cette efficacité contrastée des modes d'administration du système de santé. Le cumul de fonctions attribué à l'ARS nuit à la lisibilité et l'efficacité de son intervention sur le système de santé. L'ARS devra disposer d'une autonomie accrue pour s'imposer comme le régulateur privilégié du système de santéThe administration of the health care system was deeply changed with the introduction of health agencies. The implementation of the ARS in 2009 contributes to unify the health action at the local level, what was missing under the influence of the ARH. The introduction of the ARS solely expresses a supposed simplification of the health care system, at the confluence of a classic health agency and of a local administration of the State. This new agency appears then as an unprecedented territorial agency what is proved by its intervention on the health care system. The appropriation of regulating instruments by this agency, which can be embodied in the contract, shows a renewal in health action. The ARS carries out a local regulation of health system which is original. This reform of health action is far away from being completed. Relationships between the ARS and public health institutions reveal this partial efficiency. The addition of functions awarded to the ARS harms the readability and the efficiency of its intervention on the health care system. The ARS has to be self-sufficient to become the main regulator of the health care system
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Zarate, Pérez Anibal Rafael. "L'indépendance des autorités de concurrence, analyse comparative, Colombie, France, Etats-Unis." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020031/document.
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Si l‘indépendance des autorités de concurrence est souvent justifiée par le besoin d‘une expertise objective, ce besoin ne suffit pourtant pas à la légitimer. Créées en contradiction apparente avec le principe de séparation des pouvoirs, les autorités de concurrence « indépendantes » ne peuvent trouver leur légitimité que dans la conjonction de diverses garanties institutionnelles, et de différents mécanismes de contrôle et procédures. S‘interroger sur la place de l‘indépendance des autorités de concurrence en Colombie suppose alors l‘identification de ces garanties et mécanismes. Leur analyse sera menée à travers une étude comparative de leur statut au regard de celui des autorités de concurrence française et américaine, dont les modèles ont influencé la constitution des autorités colombiennes. Elle permet de constater que les composantes de l‘indépendance varient et qu‘il n‘en existe pas un seul modèle à travers le monde. La présente étude conduit aussi à relever que certaines garanties statutaires de l'indépendance, pourtant accordées aux autorités de concurrence française et américaine et leur permettant disposer d‘un grand degré de liberté décisionnelle, ne sont pas octroyées aux autorités colombiennes. Assurer un degré plus important d‘indépendance aux autorités de concurrence en Colombie, par l‘attribution de certaines de ces garanties, requiert un renforcement des mécanismes de contrôle, procédures et voies de participation des citoyens dans la prise des décisions. L‘étude de la construction de l‘indépendance des autorités de concurrence, dans ses dimensions organique et fonctionnelle, doit donc être suivie par celle de ces contrôles. Un équilibre dans les contrôles constitue un facteur non seulement de légitimité, mais aussi un moyen de sauvegarder leur indépendance vis-à-vis des éléments extérieurs susceptibles d‘y porter atteinteAlthough Competition Agencies‘ independence is commonly explained through the necessity of objective expert decision-making, such necessity is not sufficient to legitimize their isolation from the government. Absent of democratic foundations and in apparent contradiction with the principle of Separation of Powers, "Independent" Competition Agencies attain their legitimacy from the conjunction of multiple institutional guarantees, control mechanisms and procedures, none of which may overshadow the others. Any effort to determine the role that the idea of independence plays in the institutional design of Colombian competition agencies requires an examination of these guarantees and mechanisms, as well as a comparison of their status to that of French and American agencies; whose institutional arrangement has influenced the constitution of Colombian authorities. Whilst the components of the independence vary in every analyzed jurisdiction (as there is not a unique institutional scheme of ―Independent‖ Agency), this study reveals that certain institutional guarantees recognized to agencies in France and in the United States, which grant them vast discretionary decision-making power, are not present in the specific case of Colombian agencies. Assuring a higher level of independence for Colombian competition authorities, by conferring them some of these guarantees, lean on a simultaneous effort to reinforce control mechanisms, procedures and instruments for citizen participation in the regulatory process. The construction of the independence of Competition Agencies – in both its organizational and functional dimensions – commands the design of institutional constraints. Maintaining a balance over these constraints to agency discretion not only constitutes a source of legitimacy, but equally becomes an effective means to safeguard their independence from external factors
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Pigeon, Françoise. "Modernisation par l'usager et essor de la logistique de service : le cas de l'ANPE et de la Sécurité Sociale." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0151.
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Durant cette dernière décennie, les organismes administratifs poussés par un environnement en pleine évolution ont mis en place des innovations (qualité de service, nouvelle offre de service) visant la modernisation de leur fonctionnement. Ce sont ces innovations et les raisons de leurs mises en place que nous avons étudiées (partie 1). Cette analyse a été nécessaire pour montrer l'impact des politiques de modernisation sur l'organisation du travail de ces organismes : passage d’une logique bureaucratique dont l’organisation est autocentrée sur elle même à une logique de service dont l’organisation s’ouvre sur son environnement (partie 2), et sur l’activité professionnelle et l’évolution des compétences des agents (partie 3). En reprenant l’analyse de Mintzberg des organisations bureaucratiques nous avons démontré (partie 2) que certains organismes pouvaient ne pas appartenir à une des configurations structurelles mises en avant par l’auteur. Parallèlement, ce n’est pas parce que ces organismes appartiennent à des configurations structurelles différentes : organisation mécaniste de grande taille pour la CPAM, organisation hybride pour l’ANPE (où organisation mécaniste et organisation professionnelle s’interpénètrent), qu’elles ne tendent pas vers une même et nouvelle forme organisationnelle que nous avons appelé "global-office". Celle-ci se caractérise par une interpénétration de leur "front-office" et de leur "back-office" telle que cette distinction tend à perdre de sa pertinence et nécessite de ce fait des coopérations, que nous avons qualifiées d’inter-métiers parce qu’elles se réalisent entre agents appartenant aux diverses sphères de production. Enfin, elle se caractérise par une pluralité de front-office : front-office téléphonique, de contact ou physique, de proximité. Chaque front-office répondant à des attentes précises des usagers. L'émergence de ce global-office se réalise de l'intérieur même d'une organisation dont les principes de base restent bureaucratiques : il ne se produit pas une substitution, mais une sorte de développement interne d'un nouveau modèle, dont le rapport concret entre les usagers et les agents représente le véritable moteur. Dans une troisième partie, nous avons montré que les transformations organisationnelles dictées à un niveau national, conjointes à une évolution de l’environnement des organisations (accroissement d’usagers en situation de précarité, d’exclusion) et des mentalités (clientélisation de l’usager) aboutissent à des évolutions du métier des agents : les compétences des agents sont poussées à évoluer ainsi que leur capacité d’initiative et de responsabilité en dépit d’une montée de la standardisation et de la rationalisation de leur travail et malgré des tensions fortes avec les visées de résultats des directions. Ainsi, nous l’avons mis en évidence, malgré des trajectoires organisationnelles différentes de leurs organismes, les agents de la Sécurité Sociale (agents d'accueil et techniciens) et les conseillers pour l’emploi sont confrontés à des évolutions semblables de leur activité professionnelle qui est à la fois plus sociale et plus complexe, malgré, il faut le souligner, une plus grande clarté et maturité des évolutions au sein de l'ANPE.
Books on the topic "Administrative agencies – France"
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Patricia, Mathieu, ed. Histoire des institutions publiques de la France: Des origines franques à la Révolution. Grenoble: Presses universitaires de Grenoble, 2008.
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Dassault, Olivier. La France en majuscules. Paris: Plon, 2007.
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Dassault, Olivier. La France en majuscules. Paris: Plon, 2007.
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Réformer la France. Paris: Ellipses, 2011.
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Gérard, Marcou, and Thiébault Jean-Louis, eds. La décision gouvernementale en Europe: Belgique, Danemark, France, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1996.
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La France fidèle à son destin: La révolte des citoyens. Paris: Economica, 2012.
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Public management reform and modernization: Trajectories of administrative change in Italy, France, Greece, Portugal and Spain. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2009.
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Fabre-Guillemant, Raphaële. Les réformes administratives en France et en Grande-Bretagne: Centres de responsabilité et agences d'exécution. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1998.
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administrative, France Commission de coordination de la documentation. 20 ans d'activité de la CCDA, 1971-1991: Travaux et études de la CCDA. Paris: Documentation française, 1991.
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Pierre, Machelon Jean, ed. Dictionnaire biographique du personnel de la Cour des comptes nommé par Napoléon en 1807 et 1808. Paris: SPM, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Administrative agencies – France"
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Moore, Scott M. "Elites, Civil Society, and Inclusive Institution-Building in the Republic of France." In Subnational Hydropolitics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864101.003.0011.
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The Republic of France is in many ways the archetype of the centralized, unitary state, and its political institutions contrast sharply with those of the federations of India and the United States. Following the Revolution of 1789, the new republic undertook a series of political reforms intended to strip power from the landed nobility and vest it instead with a new set of egalitarian institutions, the basis of which was both centralization and uniformity. The revolutionaries believed that “justice requires the republic to be one and indivisible” (Berger 1974, 8). Inherent to this new model was a concentration of political authority, as well as political, legislative, and judicial powers, in the hands of the central government. In contrast to more decentralized and federal political systems, the French system is intended to tightly bind officials at both central and local levels and to minimize conflicts between them. Consequently, a defining feature of French political institutions is the relative cohesion of elite decision-making. According to one prominent observer, France “provides the prime example of a highly coherent administration, whereas the United States and Switzerland constitute the typical cases of lack of such coherence” (Kriesi 1995, 171). However, during the past thirty years even the French state has become more decentralized, and powers and responsibilities for some policy areas, including water resource management, have been devolved to regional governments. In comparative perspective, the outstanding feature of the French political system is in fact the presence of strong regional governance organizations, including several organized around river basin boundaries, that are among the world’s most successful interjurisdictional management institutions. France’s system of river basin governance organizations, called “water agencies” (agences de l’eau), is by many accounts the most collaborative and participatory in the world. A global survey of river basin governance institutions concludes, for example, that the French system “is remarkable for its longevity, in how it tries to formalize representation . . . and perhaps most important, how it has attempted local and decentralized water management within the centralist state tradition in France” (Delli Priscoli 2007, 17).
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"Activities of the International Space Organization and Station." In Advances in Public Policy and Administration, 140–52. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7407-2.ch014.
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This chapter describes the establishment process, purpose of establishment, mission, exploration plan, activities of the European Space Agency (ESA) and International Space Station (ISS), and an explanation of the contents of the treaty that is legal basis for its establishment. The European Space Agency (ESA) is an intergovernmental organization of 22 member states dedicated to the exploration of space. Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris, France, ESA has a worldwide staff of about 2,200 in 2018 and an annual budget of about € 6.68 billion (US $ 7.43 billion) in 2020. ESA also works closely with space organizations outside Europe. ESA has missions planned for Jupiter (JUICE, 2022) and others that will seek dark matter (Euclid, 2020) and observe the energetic universe (Athena, 2028). The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station (habitable artificial satellite) in low Earth orbit. The ISS programme is a joint project between five participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscomos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe), and CSA (Canada).
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Stricker, Frank. "The U.S. Unemployment Rate." In American Unemployment, 137–50. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043154.003.0007.
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Creating a scientific survey of unemployment in the 1930s and 1940s was an advance for people’s understanding of unemployment and for rational government policy. Many government officials, including Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins and agencies including the Census Bureau, the Works Progress Administration, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), deserve credit for the achievement. However, today’s BLS unemployment rate omits too many people, and the low count weakens support for job-creation programs. This chapter offers a short history and a critique. It explains and evaluates the official rate, discusses hidden unemployment, including discouraged workers and other labor-force dropouts, evaluates alternative unemployment rates, including the BLS’s U-6 and the National Jobs for All Coalition’s rate, and examines the idea of full employment.
Conference papers on the topic "Administrative agencies – France"
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Abdullah, Yahya. "Judicial oversight of applications submitted to the administration is a reason for its development." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp191-212.
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"The administration performs a great task in the life of modern societies, through its intervention to satisfy public needs through the establishment and management of public utilities that aim to achieve the public interest and respond to the requirements and necessities of daily life, as well as protecting public order, and regulating the relationship between them and individuals with constitutional and legal texts, as well as The organizational rules that lay down the general framework for public liberties and individual rights, all to prevent them from practicing any activity outside the framework of legality. Originally, the administration is not obligated to issue its decisions in a specific form, as it is free to choose the external form of these decisions, unless the law requires it otherwise. This requires that the decision be embodied in an external form in order for individuals to know the will of the administration and to adjust their behavior according to its requirements. However, the implementation of this rule on its launch, may negatively affect the rights of individuals, because the administration may sometimes deliberately remain silent about deciding the requests submitted to it, or it may neglect at other times to respond to these requests. Existence of apparent decisions in an external legal form, meaning that the matter remains in the hands of the administration, if it wants it will respond to the requests of individuals, and if it wants to be silent, which constitutes a waste of their rights, a violation of the principle of equality, and confiscation of the right to litigation guaranteed by the constitution, it requires protection of individuals from the inconvenience of the administration And the abuse of their rights, and put an end to the neglect of employees and their indifference to the requests or grievances submitted to them, in addition to the fact that the requirements of the public interest require that the administrative staff exercise the powers entrusted to them by law at the present time. ( ) For these justifications, the legislator intervened in many countries, including France, Egypt, Lebanon and Iraq, to suppose that the administration had announced its will, even if it remained silent or silent about deciding on the request presented to it, and this resulted in an implicit administrative decision of rejection or approval. As a result of the large number of state intervention in the economic and social fields in recent times, it has led to the multiplicity and diversity of state agencies and institutions, and the public administration often does not provide its services to individuals except at the request of individuals. Therefore, it may be difficult for individuals to identify a competent administrative authority to submit their request to. to get those services. He makes a mistake and submits it to a non-competent administrative body. When this authority is silent and does not transfer the request to its competent authority, and the legal period granted to the administration to respond to their requests has passed, individuals resort to the judiciary, and submitting the request to the non-competent authority prevents the judiciary from accepting their claim, which wastes their rights and thus harms them. Therefore, the administrative judiciary in many countries has extended its control over this case to consider the application submitted to a non-competent administrative body as if it was submitted to its competent authority, given that the state is a single public legal person. Accordingly, the request submitted to any party starts from the legal period available to the administration to meet the requests of individuals and in its absence the implicit administrative decision of rejection or acceptance arises. Accordingly, we will study the jurisprudence of the French, Lebanese, Egyptian and Iraqi judiciary in this study. The importance of the study lies in the implications of the subject of requests submitted to the administration, the delay in their completion, the silence of the administration, and the consequent effects and exposure to the rights of individuals. And that it will show how to confront this silence, neglect and intransigence of the administration. The idea of implicit administrative decisions, resulting from the administration’s silence on the requests submitted to it, is an effective means, which makes the administration more positive and enables individuals to confront the administration’s silence, and prevents its intransigence, arbitrariness or neglect. The problem of the research is that can silence be an expression of the will? How do individuals protect themselves from the actions of the administration, and who guarantees its non-bias, arbitrariness and deviation? Does submitting the application to a non-competent body protect the rights of individuals? ? And the extent of judicial oversight on the authority of the administration.? And the extent of the compatibility and divergence of the positions of the administrative judiciary in France, Lebanon, Egypt and Iraq regarding this.? From the above in explaining the importance of the study and its problem, we can deduce the scope of the study, which is the study of judicial control over the requests submitted to the administration by taking an overview of the nature of the requests, their types and distinguishing them from others, and the position of each of the legislation, the judiciary and jurisprudence from it. The research consists of two sections, the first deals with the nature of the request and what is related to it, and the second is judicial control over the applications submitted to the administration, as follows"
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Silvestru, Ramona camelia, Lavinia Nemes, and Catalin ionut Silvestru. "CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN E-LEARNING PROGRAMS FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-212.
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The G20 Moscow summit from 2013 highlighted the fact that human resource development remained a major priority for developing countries, especially low-income countries, with important impact on the priorities of other low income countries. When discussing about the current global economic development, about increasing economic competitiveness and reducing economic risks of global crises, we take also into consideration the role that governments and their staff can play in ensuring the adequate implementation of the various policy measures. In order for the government staff to perform at high levels of competence both in high and low income countries, especially in G20 members (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States of America plus the European Union member states), we consider that continuous education / lifelong learning would be crucial in providing an enabling environment, with e-learning holding a key position, as it enables people, civil servants to deal with future challenges raised by knowledge and information society. In the framework of the technological, normative and procedural evolutions that influence how the staff from public administrations works and possible openness towards e-learning programs, while aware of the various pedagogic, administrative and economic factors that provide incentives as well as drawbacks in using e-learning in providing training to civil servants, we are interested in analyzing e-learning programs developed and used for public administration staff from several G20 states. Our analysis will be focused on assessing the dimensions of the e-learning systems, variety of courses via e-learning platforms, methodologies used in e-learning, possible limitations and challenges in providing e-learning programs to civil servants in several G20 states. The analysis will be conducted using public information available from national agencies with responsibilities in providing such trainings in various G20 states. Our recommendations are oriented towards stimulating the development of an enabling environment for improving inter-agencies and ministerial coordination by intervening at the levels of human resources from the government levels. In this respect, we promote a wider usage of electronic means in lifelong learning for the staff from public administrations and the sharing of information by electronic means aimed at ensuring further human resource development from the public administration. Moreover, we strongly consider that continuous human resource development in the public administration apparatus from the G20 states and knowledge sharing would provide adequate framework for ensuring that government priorities and policy coordination in order to achieve global economic stability, sustainable growth could be achieved, while also contributing to the development of knowledge and information society and economy.