Academic literature on the topic 'Administrative agencies – European Union countries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Administrative agencies – European Union countries"
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Arana García, Estanislao. "ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: TOWARDS A COMMON MODEL OF ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE." Administrative law and process, no. 2(25) (2019): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-796x.2019.2.06.
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Purpose. The aim of this paper is to analyse the activity of the European agencies as a mechanism of control prior to the judicial review. This procedure is carried out by independent and impartial administrative tribunals. This model supposes to create specialized administrative organs that solve conflicts previous to the judicial procedure. The “agencies model” is mainly used in western countries with legal Anglo-Saxon reminiscences. In this paper we analyze the importance of these agencies and its possibilities for improvement in the near future. Method. To achieve this goal it is necessary to: 1) analysis the creative solutions of the agencies courts; 2) verify the performance of agencies through the information provided by themselves; 3) discuss the judicial decisions from a scientific perspective. This process has been implemented through direct contact with experts and professional actively involved at these European administrative courts. Results. EU law is haphazardly creating a system of administrative review that is in many cases a pre-condition to judicial review. This system is most evidently manifesting itself in the application of EU law by administrative agencies. For this purpose, some of the EU’s most important agencies have created specialised bodies known as boards of appeal. These objective and independent bodies have the power to review the decisions of the agency they form part on based on both questions of law and fact. The paper aims to establish a critical vision of the role that new judicial forms are developing and the importance of to reach a specialized criterion for solving technically increasingly complex issues. Conclusions. The board-of-appeal model has proven a successful one as it offers parties a low-cost and effective way of having their complaints resolved without having to go to the European Union Court of Justice. Lastly, there appears to be a need for the European Union to, as it is currently doing with administrative procedure, establish a common set of rules for this emerging remedy for reviewing European administrative acts.
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Škorić, Milica. "Agencification of public administration in the transition process." Pravo - teorija i praksa 38, no. 3 (2021): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2103108s.
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The democratization of the countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has also included the reform of inefficient public administration. At the same time, these reforms have been accompanied by the aspiration for a membership in the European Union. The administration has been transformed according to a number of principles that make up the framework of the European administrative area. Along with these processes, there were established public agencies, a body taken over from the developed countries, and created during the reform of the New Public Management. The countries in transition have gone through an extensive and rapid process of agency. Due to a high level of autonomy after the formation of agencies, i.e., after certain tasks have been transferred to their competence, it is difficult to effectively control their work. The public interest is threatened by the non -transparency of these bodies. Their existence also affects the basic principles of the European administrative space and turns the reform against itself. It is certain that the mass establishment of a new body in the system of public administration brings uncertainty in terms of effects. It has turned out that foreign experts, without knowledge of the administrative tradition of the socialist countries, as well as domestic politicians who wanted accelerated reform, also contributed to that.
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Ishchenko, Ivan, Kostiantyn Buhaichuk, Olha Tokarchuk, Kateryna Rudoi, and Iryna Tsareva. "European experience of preventive activities performed by law enforcement agencies: administrative aspect and theoretical-legal aspect." Cuestiones Políticas 40, no. 75 (December 29, 2022): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4075.17.
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The aim of the research was to reveal the peculiarities of preventive activities carried out by law enforcement agencies in the countries of the European Union. Attention is paid to the known methods of preventive work carried out by the police of different countries, which make it possible to prevent crimes and arrest criminals when they are still preparing to commit a crime. In this regard, models of preventive activities used in continental European countries are described. The methodological basis of the research is presented in comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, method of interpretation, hermeneutic method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. In the conclusions attention is paid to the peculiarities of prevention applied by individual members of the European Union, in particular, the policy of prevention by the Polish police, in terms of recidivism of persons who have already committed crimes. This policy is developed by borrowing from the European experience, because in some countries the emphasis is on extending the powers of police officers, in others - on maximum interaction with the society involved to help implement some police functions.
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Krausenboeck, Maria. "DER RENEUAL MODEL DRAFT FOR AN ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE LAW – BACKGROUNDS AND CURRENT SITUATION." Administrative law and process, no. 3(26) (2019): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-796x.2019.3.04.
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The paper focuses on administrative law reform within the European Union and raises this problem in the Central Asia countries: as EU advances with its codification and structuring on the existing principles and institutions, the countries of Central Asia start from scratch. A group of academics within the Research Network on European Administrative Law (ReNEUAL), starting with comparative law method, tries to use national administrative procedural laws, case law and principles of the administrative procedure of the European and national courts, as well as the relevant soft law, especially the “Ombudsprudence” aims, taking into account new communication technologies, at developing a relevant draft law. In its independent work between 2009 to 2014 the ReNEUAL network specified the constitutional principles for administrative procedures, naming proposed draft “self-administration law”. It deals with institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the European Union in their relations with the public as well as various cross-cutting issues: rules on the consequences of procedural errors, use of undefined legal terms, optimization of the rules for complex processes. European Parliament’s legal committee made some reference to the ReNEUAL draft and also sought advice from members of the network. Later draft from Parliament, seen as less ambitious, stays within the basis of the currently applicable EU treaties, whereby the ReNEUAL draft would sometimes require changes to the treaty. The proposed ReNEUAL builds transparent basis for exercising human and citizen rights, helps ensure transparency and consistency of the EU administrative institutions. It could also serve as a catalyst for the reform of national administrative procedural laws. The European Commission not convinced that EU administrative law could be summarized in a single legal document, asked for a cost-benefit analysis and impact assessment and publicly consulted on the codification of EU administrative procedure from 15.12.2017 to 09.03.2018, publishing results in July 2018.
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Paudel, Shambhu, Prabhat Pal, and Harish Singh Dhami. "Restructuring Integrated Watershed Management Models for the Federal Democratic Regime of Nepal." Journal of Forest and Natural Resource Management 1, no. 1 (February 10, 2019): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfnrm.v1i1.22654.
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Recent political envision has redesigned the administrative units of Nepal into federal states with the aim of decentralizing the power to ensure the process of rapid sustainable development. As a consequence, all the public service agencies need to restructure their delivery units for achieving goals targeted by the newly adopted administrative regime plan. With the aim of recommending the best watershed management models for this changing context, this paper aims to review existing watershed management models applied in different continents like European union, African union and the United States where they have already adopted this watershed management plans into their federal states or countries union successfully. Although they are geographically distinct and economically advanced, the major approach adopted is a river basin approach with the clear legislative framework. This approach is highly succeeded between interstate (or between member countries) because of political or interstate commitments for the common pool resource water. Clear policies and commitments between member countries or interstate greatly improved the function of this mechanism. With the light of those experiences in the field of watershed management plan adopted in federal or union countries, river based integrated management plan balancing efforts between interstates seems best models in the world, and is also proposed for the new federal republic of Nepal.
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Škorić, Milica. "Comparative analysis of public agencies in Croatia and Sweden." Pravo - teorija i praksa 38, no. 2 (2021): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2102114s.
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Although public agencies have existed for several decades, in Serbia, they are new forms of government bodies. The aspiration to modernize the public administration and harmonize it with modern trends can be an opportunity to see the stages of development and models of control and autonomy of the agency from the decades-long development of Swedish public agencies. The example of Croatia will show the potential of the former socialist state for such reforms and how important reforms are on the road to the European Union in the XXI century. Through the analysis of relevant literature and a comparative method, there are presented the reforms of public agencies being implemented in selected countries since their first appearance till nowadays. This paper focuses on the process of creation and development of public agencies in Sweden and Croatia, as members of the European Union, whose development of a public administration differs significantly, all in order to answer the questions: How much do public agencies contribute to decentralization? Are these bodies necessary for the approach and accession to the EU?
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Falkovskyi, Andrii, and Olga Dzhezhik. "FORMATION OF THE MODERN CONCEPT OF EUROPE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL NEO-INSTITUTIONALISM." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 4 (October 29, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-4-221-226.
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In the scientific discourse of the XXI century, the concept of modern Europe is being reformed under the influence of reforming the activities of the European Union. Scientific publications and research are conducted based on a study of the policies of the European Union countries, EU institutions and structural elements, and the problems that arise in the process of activity and development. The concept of modern Europe is a general term that embraces European values, the European standard of living, European policy, and European priorities, giving the concept of European studies a stable association with the European Union. In this context, the main causes and consequences for the scientific discourse, political practice, and future development of European countries must be considered. Neoinstitutionalists have attempted to analyse institutions based on atomistic methodology. Institutional transformations, processes of intra-European integration and enlargement of the EU, discussions on membership and exit from the EU raise issues of identity and development of governance in Europe. Europeanisation can be seen as a discourse, governance, and institutionalisation. The first interpretation emphasizes that modern Europe is a discourse, not only ideological but also administrative. In this sense, Europeanisation can be a means of expression of institutional globalization through domestic policy. In the article, the hypothesis is put forward and proved that the interpretation of the concept of modern Europe directly correlates with the future development of the European Union and its members. The dissemination of exclusive practices will help to spread the ideas of radical “Eurosceptics”, which could lead to the collapse of the European Union. The inclusive aspect of the concept of Europe is represented by the ideas of “Europeists” who, based on the common history, culture, mentality of the peoples of Europe, substantiate the positive influence on the state development of integration, non-state cooperation, and extrapolation of EU norms and principles into the new territories of Europe. There are three main reasons for shaping the concept of Europe as the boundaries of EU policy: The consolidation of political positions of the European Union and its growing role as an actor in world politics; Essence of the EU enlargement concepts; Features of development within the European community. The modern concept of Europe is considered in the context of a modern multi-level governance model. Therefore, Europeanisation is the interaction of different layers of interests, including structures of regional, multi-level governance, legitimacy of domestic and foreign policy. The impact of the multi-level governance system on the functioning of public administration systems in the Member States and neighbouring countries is considered. Four approaches are identified based on the analysis of relationships between different levels of governance. The necessity of formulating new theoretical paradigms defining the relations between the Member States and the technocratic institutions of the EU, as well as between the Europeanised system of national agencies and the ministries overseeing their activities, has been proved.
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Kharitonova, E. "European Union Higher Education and Science Programs During the Covid-19 Pandemic." Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 4 (2021): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2021-4-47-57.
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The author looks at the impact of the COVID-19 crises on the European higher education and scientific cooperation programs. During the pandemic the national governments announced strict lockdowns and other protective measures. Free movement across borders was hampered, university campuses mostly closed and many activities put on hold. In these circumstances participants of international exchange programs became particularly vulnerable: some were unable to move to their destination university or institution, others were experiencing difficulties returning to their home countries. Numerous logistical, administrative, health-related and other problems made the situation difficult for the students, professors and researchers, as well and for the staff responsible for the implementation of such programs. In response to this situation, the European Commission and its executive agencies issued guidelines for the participants, extended project deadlines and made other arrangements. At the same time, additional resources were channeled to digital education initiatives and to supporting research aimed at overcoming the pandemic, including diagnostics, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and other related research fields. In the new program cycle the budget for the EU education and scientific cooperation programs, such as Horizon and Erasmus have been significantly increased and linked to the post-crisis recovery package. A new impulse has been given to the European education area and European research area. The author argues that despite serious problems caused by the pandemic itself and the lockdowns, the crisis became an additional factor for extending higher education and research programs and deepening integration efforts in these areas.
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Demchuk, N., and R. Havric. "Legal responsibility for illegal crossing of the state border: foreign experience of legal regulation." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (July 2, 2022): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.01.25.
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In the scientific article, the authors conducted a study of foreign experience in prosecuting for illegal crossing of the state border under the laws of neighboring countries and the European Union. Based on the study, the authors concluded that according to foreign legislation on liability for illegal crossing of the state border, such acts are mostly criminal liability (especially post-Soviet states, except Ukraine, Belarus, Estonia and Moldova; the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Poland; France; Germany). However, the legislation of many European Union countries, including the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Estonia, provides for criminal liability only if there are aggravating circumstances when crossing the state border, providing for administrative liability for crossing the state border in other cases. Such circumstances are: use of force or threat of imminent use of force when crossing the state border, violation of the air border, ignoring the stop signal or order issued by a border guard official, crossing the border by a group of persons or a vehicle in a place not intended to cross the border, repeated offense while crossing the border, causing serious damage to health or life of a border guard official. Similarly, the legal regulation of legal liability for illegal crossing of the state border in Ukraine is an administrative offense, but in the presence of qualifying circumstances (illegal crossing of the state border to harm the interests of the state, as well as illegal crossing of the state border by a person prohibited entry into the territory of Ukraine, or representatives of units of the armed forces or other law enforcement agencies of the aggressor state) – a crime. Belarusian law provides for administrative liability for illegal crossing of the state border for the first time, and criminal liability for repeated offenses. States such as the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Moldova, whose legislation does not provide for criminal liability for illegal entry and illegal stay in the country, consider illegal crossing of the state border exclusively as an administrative offense.
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Nwaodu, Nnamdi O., Stephen Adi Odey, and Ngozi Stella Emma-Egbumokei. "The European Union and UN Millennium Development Goals in Nigeria: A Study of the Micro Projects Programmes (MPPs) in the Niger Delta Region." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v4i3.124.
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The present Cotonou Accord was signed by the EU, 77, African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries towards halving poverty as prescribed by the UN Declaration by 2015. The EU's interventionin the rural communities of the oil producing states of Nigeria (Niger Delta) clearly shows her commitment towards the above stated global drive for the eradication of poverty especially in the Third World. Bringing about the establishment of the Micro ProjectProgrammes (MPP3, MPP6 and MPP9) for the nine states of the region between 1999 and 2012 and expended over €210 million on the programmes. Four years after theimplementation of the programmes, arising questions include: to what extent did the EU-MPPs achieve the set goals of poverty reduction in the region? And how sustainable are the achievements of the programmes? Using ex post facto research design, it was found out that amidst numerous challenges the MPPs actually reduced the level of poverty in the region through the provision of over 20,000 micro projects to more than 4000 rural communities in the nine states it covered. It therefore recommended that similar programmes be initiated by all other international development agencies as to speed up the reduction of poverty in the UN targeted areas though behind the originally target period of 2015. The study contends that an effective administrative institutional framework of the EU- MPPs should serve as model to other development agencies not only in Nigeria but across the developing economies of the world.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Administrative agencies – European Union countries"
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Petronzio, Edward. "Talking trade over wine assessing the role of trade associations, bureacratic agencies and legislative bodies in the United States-European Union and Canada-European Union wine trade disputes /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1192736566.
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Xu, Zi Wei. "Legal standing of private parties within judicial reviews in the European Community : the missing piece in a complete system of remedies?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2099272.
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Stewart, Malcolm Hynd. "Antecedents, policies and practices of promotional standardisation strategy : a comparison of British MNC's and advertising agencies in three countries across the European Union." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22553.
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The aim of this thesis is to provide a new insight into the "cause-effect" chain that "traditional" research on international promotional standardisation has neglected. A theory will be used as a conceptual base to formulate the research framework. This will identify key environmental and internal strategic factors as drivers and consequences of MNCs subsidiaries and Agencies' promotion standardisation decision making which, in turn affects the level of standardisation of these promotional elements - Advertising Strategy, Sales Promotion and the impact of the Internet on Promotion. This framework allowed the researcher to formulate further hypotheses and the design of a questionnaire to test these hypotheses and carry out the necessary empirical research and collection of primary data. 300 British MNC's were compared across the UK, France and Germany. In-depth Interviews were conducted after the questionnaire to further confirm the findings from the questionnaire. The framework supports the notion that there are antecedents that drive promotional standardisation. An additional contribution is that the model also looks at the impact of standardisation on promotion more fully than before and adds a valuable contribution in Internet Promotion. The thesis finds that, on average, managers reported that Standardised Advertising Strategy and Sales Promotion is fairly high across these markets in the EU with Internet Promotion being the highest.
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Ozisik, Fethi Ufuk. "L'Européanisation de la politique de développement régional en Turquie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1035.
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La Turquie, pays candidat à l'Union européenne, est confrontée à une pression européenne pour l'adaptation de ses structures administratives et de ses cadres institutionnels aux règles et aux critères européens concernant la mise en œuvre des fonds structurels. A cet égard, dans le contexte de processus de préadhésion à l'UE, l'Etat turc s'amène à reformuler sa politique de développement régional. Dans ce sens, la réforme majeure entreprise par l'Etat turc est celle de la création des Agences de développement dans les vingt-six régions statistiques de NUTS II. Parallèlement, il s'agit de la mise en place d'un processus de décentralisation. En effet, ces réformes renvoient à une européanisation de la gestion publique territoriale. Cependant, les changements qui sont en œuvre ne dépendent pas exclusivement des recommandations de l'UE. De plus, il est nécessaire de prendre en considération la dimension territoriale du processus d'européanisation. Quels sont les différents facteurs et les diverses dynamiques qui déterminent le changement dans les politiques de développement régional ? Dans quelle mesure peut-on imputer le changement à la conditionnalité européenne ? Comment l'Europe procède pour inciter l'Etat turc à reformuler ses politiques régionales ? Quel est le rôle du niveau infranational dans le changement ? Autant de questions auxquelles cette étude essaye de fournir des éléments de réponseTurkey, a candidate for the European Union, faces European pressure to adapt its administrative structures and institutional frameworks of its rules and European standards concerning the implementation of structural funds. In this respect, in the context of pre-accession process to the EU, the Turkish state is coming to reformulate its policy of regional development. In this sense, the major reform undertaken by the Turkish state is that of the creation of development agencies in the twenty-six statistical regions NUTS II. Meanwhile, it is also the establishment of a decentralization process. Indeed, these reforms refer to Europeanization of territorial governance. However, the changes that are implemented do not depend exclusively on EU recommendations. Morever, it is necessary to consider the territorial dimension of the Europeanization process. What are the different factors and the various dynamics that determine the change in regional development policies? To what extent can we attribute the change to the EU conditionality? How Europe proceeds to urge the Turkish government to reformulate its regional policies? What is the role of sub-national level in the change? These are the questions that this study attempts to provide some answers. So our goal in this work consists on the one hand, to understand the logical adaptation of Turkish state with the recommendations of Europe indicating the junction of different dynamics of change, on the other hand, identify the change through the articulation of different levels of public action, from local to Europe
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Булатін, Д. О., D. O. Bulatin, and ORCID: https://orcid org/0000-0002-0200-2822. "Адміністративно-правові засади здійснення превентивної діяльності поліцією: порівняння досвіду України та країн ЄС : дисертація." Thesis, Харків, 2020. https://youtu.be/9NaUFk_HSLA.
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Булатін, Д. О. Адміністративно-правові засади здійснення превентивної діяльності поліцією: порівняння досвіду України та країн ЄС : дис. ... д-ра філос.: 12.00.07, 081 / Дмитро Олексійович; МВС України, Харків. нац. ун-т внутр. справ. - Харків, 2020. - 247 с.У дисертації міститься теоретичне узагальнення актуальної наукової проблеми, пов’язаної із визначенням адміністративно-правових засад здійснення превентивної діяльності поліцією через порівняння досвіду України та країн ЄС, а також шляхів їх удосконалення. В результаті проведеного дослідження сформульовано низку положень та висновків котрі спрямовані на досягнення поставленої мети.
The dissertation contains a theoretical generalization of the current scientific problem related to the definition of administrative and legal principles of preventive activities by the police through a comparison of the experience of Ukraine and the EU, as well as ways to improve them. As a result of the research, a number of provisions and conclusions have been formulated which are aimed at achieving the set goal.
В диссертации содержится теоретическое обобщение актуальной научной проблемы, связанной с определением административно-правовых основ осуществления превентивной деятельности полицией через сравнение опыта Украины и стран ЕС, а также путей их совершенствования. В результате проведенного исследования сформулирован ряд положений и выводов которые направлены на достижение поставленной цели.
Books on the topic "Administrative agencies – European Union countries"
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Tom, Zwart, and Verhey Luc, eds. Agencies in European and comparative perspective. Antwerp, Belgium: Intersentia, 2003.
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Explaining decisions in the European Union. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Alexander, Türk, ed. EU administrative governance. Northampton, MA: E. Elgar, 2006.
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An emergent European executive order. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2010.
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1941-, Kohler-Koch Beate, ed. Linking EU and national governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
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Der institutionelle Rahmen im Wettbewerbsrecht der Europäischen Union und mögliche Reformmodelle: Eine Darstellung des europäischen institutionellen Gefüges und eine Entwicklung eines neuen Modells durch Vergleich mit dem institutionellen Rahmen in den USA, Deutschland, Grossbritannien und Frankreich. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1998.
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1948-, Egeberg Morten, ed. Multilevel union administration: The transformation of executive politics in Europe. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
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Court of Auditors of the European Communities. The European Union's agencies: Getting results. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2008.
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Damien, Geradin, Muñoz Rodolphe 1972-, and Petit Nicolas 1978-, eds. Regulation through agencies in the EU: A new paradigm of European governance. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2005.
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Law, Academy of European, ed. EU administrative law. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Administrative agencies – European Union countries"
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Frankowska, Agata, and Bartosz Pawlik. "A Decade of Artificial Intelligence Research in the European Union: A Bibliometric Analysis." In Digital Interaction and Machine Intelligence, 52–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11432-8_5.
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AbstractIn recent years, the body of research on artificial intelligence (AI) has grown rapidly. As the European Union strives for excellence in AI development, this study aims to establish the publication achievements in the field among its member states between 2010 and 2019. We applied clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) on a set of bibliometric data concerning research publications on AI obtained from Scopus. The results reveal that while the union’s most populous countries—the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, and Italy—were the most prolific producers of AI publications between 2010 and 2019, the highest impact was noted for publications that originated in the Nordic and Benelux countries, as well as in Austria and Ireland. Analysis confirms that the division between ‘old’ and ‘new’ member states has endured: the nations that joined the EU after 2004 recorded the lowest results in scientific output and impact in the AI field. This study can assist research agencies and researchers in developing a broad grasp of the current state of AI research.
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Wollmann, Hellmut. "Transformation of Public Administration in East Germany Following Unification." In Public Administration in Germany, 253–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53697-8_15.
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AbstractAfter 1990, the rupture of the politico-administrative system and transformation of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) was essentially shaped by the process of German unification and the GDR’s integration into the ‘old’ Federal Republic. Thus, basic constitutional and institutional issues, such as legal rule (Rechtsstaat)-based administration, inclusion in the European Union, were (‘exogenously’) pre-determined by the GDR’s accession to the ‘old’ Federal Republic. The chapter highlights East Germany’s politico-administrative transformation after 1990 by addressing the organisational and personnel dimensions of the remoulding and rebuilding of the administrative structures at the new Länder and local levels. Finally, notwithstanding the particularities of the ‘East German case’, it raises question whether there are lessons which other countries facing transition or transformation can draw from East Germany’s experience.
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Tepandi, Jaak, Carmen Rotuna, Giovanni Paolo Sellitto, Sander Fieten, and Andriana Prentza. "The Technical Challenges in OOP Application Across the European Union and the TOOP OOP Architecture." In The Once-Only Principle, 141–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79851-2_8.
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AbstractThe Once-Only Principle requires the public administrations to ensure that citizens and businesses supply the same information only once to the Public Administration as a whole. Widespread use of the Once-Only Principle has the potential to simplify citizens’ life, make businesses more efficient, and reduce administrative burden in the European Union. The Once-Only Principle project (TOOP) is an initiative, financed by the EU Program Horizon 2020, to explore the possibility to enable the cross-border application of the Once-Only Principle by demonstrating it in practice, through the development of selected piloting applications for specific real-world use cases, enabling the connection of different registries and architectures in different countries for better exchange of information across public administrations. These piloting ICT systems are designed as a result of a pan-European collaboration and they adopt a federated model, to allow for a high degree of independence between the participating parties in the development of their own solutions. The main challenge in the implementation of an OOP solution is the diversity of organizations, procedures, data, and services on all four main levels of interoperability: legal, organizational, semantic, and technical. To address this challenge, TOOP is developing and testing the TOOP Reference Architecture (TOOPRA) to assist organizations in the cross-border implementation of the OOP. The paper outlines the TOOPRA users, principles, and requirements, presents an overview of the architecture development, describes the main views of TOOPRA, discusses architecture profiling, and analyses the TOOPRA sustainability issues.
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Celeste, Edoardo, and Federico Fabbrini. "Competing Jurisdictions: Data Privacy Across the Borders." In Palgrave Studies in Digital Business & Enabling Technologies, 43–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54660-1_3.
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Abstract Borderless cloud computing technologies are exacerbating tensions between European and other existing regulatory models for data privacy. On the one hand, in the European Union (EU), a series of data localisation initiatives are emerging with the objective of preserving Europe’s digital sovereignty, guaranteeing the respect of EU fundamental rights and preventing foreign law enforcement and intelligence agencies from accessing personal data. On the other hand, foreign countries are unilaterally adopting legislation requiring national corporations to disclose data stored in Europe, in this way bypassing jurisdictional boundaries grounded on physical data location. The chapter investigates this twofold dynamic by focusing particularly on the current friction between the EU data protection approach and the data privacy model of the United States (US) in the field of cloud computing.
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Hoen, Ellen ‘t. "Protection of Clinical Test Data and Public Health: A Proposal to End the Stronghold of Data Exclusivity." In Access to Medicines and Vaccines, 183–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83114-1_7.
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AbstractTest data demonstrating the efficacy, safety and quality of a medicine is required by drug regulatory agencies before a new treatment obtains marketing approval and can be made available to patients. Because test data can be costly and time-consuming to produce, certain countries have ‘data exclusivity’ regimes that restrict use of test data to the originator company for a period of time. Generic and biosimilar companies rely on originator test data to obtain marketing approval for generic products, so data exclusivity periods can delay entry of lower-cost treatments to the market. While data exclusivity is not required by the World Trade Organization, countries such as the United States and the European Union often push their stronger data exclusivity provisions on other countries through free trade agreements (FTAs). While a small number of countries have waivers to data exclusivity for cases of emergency or other public health need, most do not. This can hamper the timely and affordable availability of needed medicines. Waivers to data exclusivity should be included in legislation to protect public health, and other ways to protect test data against unfair commercial use should be explored.
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Rimkutė, Dovilė. "9. European Union agencies:." In The Institutions of the European Union, 203–24. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198862222.003.0009.
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The institutional development of EU agencies is striking. Over the past decades, forty-six EU agencies have been established to support the European Commission and member states in their regulatory and executive tasks. Today, EU agencies are a vital part of the EU’s administrative capacity. EU agencies have received considerable scholarly attention that used a myriad of theoretical approaches—ranging from institutional, organizational, and bureaucratic reputation to interest-group theories—to explain why EU agencies have been created; how they develop over time; whether they are wielders of supranational or intergovernmental power; how they legitimize themselves and cultivate a positive bureaucratic reputation; and how they form alliances or insulate themselves from specific stakeholders. This chapter reviews the rise of EU agencies and introduces a selection of theoretical perspectives that have been used by EU agency scholars to study EU-level agencification and EU agency behaviour, regulatory processes, and outputs.
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Hofmann, Herwig C. H. "8. General principles of EU law and EU administrative law." In European Union Law, 212–42. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0008.
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This chapter examines the steps which take place after legislation has been passed. It also looks at the principles and rules that exist to ensure the legality and legitimacy of administrative action implementing EU law. It begins with an overview of the key institutions and agencies of the EU and what they do. It then discusses the applicable law which is key to developing notions of accountability and the protection of rights in this field.
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Hofmann, Herwig C. H. "8. General principles of EU law and EU administrative law." In European Union Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198789130.003.0008.
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This chapter examines the steps which take place after legislation has been passed. It also looks at the principles and rules that exist to ensure the legality and legitimacy of administrative action implementing EU law. It begins with an overview of the key institutions and agencies of the EU and what they do. It then discusses the applicable law which is key to developing notions of accountability and the protection of rights in this field.
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Pantazatou, Katerina. "European Union Funds." In Specialized Administrative Law of the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787433.003.0020.
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The European Union funds constitute the main budgetary instrument for the Union to promote its policy goals. The European Union Funds or European Structural and Investment Funds (generally, either EU funds or ESI funds) finance projects that pertain to a large array of areas, including regional and urban development, employment and social inclusion, maritime and fisheries policies, research and innovation, and humanitarian aid. Part of such funding is directed towards the Member States, whereas another part is intended for third countries.
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Bradley, Kieran. "European Union Civil Service Law." In Specialized Administrative Law of the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787433.003.0021.
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The civil service law of the European Union governs the legal relationships between Union institutions and agencies, on the one hand, and their staff and a number of categories of persons who may have rights under the EU Staff Regulations or equivalent instruments, on the other hand. These latter include in particular former staff in receipt of pensions or other benefits, family members of (former) staff who have a claim on the Union as a result of their links with the staff member, and candidates for competitions and contractual posts. It is EU law in a relatively pure form, in that neither national law nor the Member State authorities (administrative or political) play any significant part in its application, except Member State governments in their role as Union legislators within the Council, and occasionally national courts called upon to apply EU staff law in national disputes, for example in tax or family law matters. Despite its material content, European Union civil service law is also relatively impervious to the influence of EU social protection law adopted in favour of workers generally under Title X of Part Three TFEU (Social policy), subject to a small number of exceptions, such as minimum
Conference papers on the topic "Administrative agencies – European Union countries"
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Silvestru, Ramona camelia, Lavinia Nemes, and Catalin ionut Silvestru. "CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN E-LEARNING PROGRAMS FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-212.
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The G20 Moscow summit from 2013 highlighted the fact that human resource development remained a major priority for developing countries, especially low-income countries, with important impact on the priorities of other low income countries. When discussing about the current global economic development, about increasing economic competitiveness and reducing economic risks of global crises, we take also into consideration the role that governments and their staff can play in ensuring the adequate implementation of the various policy measures. In order for the government staff to perform at high levels of competence both in high and low income countries, especially in G20 members (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States of America plus the European Union member states), we consider that continuous education / lifelong learning would be crucial in providing an enabling environment, with e-learning holding a key position, as it enables people, civil servants to deal with future challenges raised by knowledge and information society. In the framework of the technological, normative and procedural evolutions that influence how the staff from public administrations works and possible openness towards e-learning programs, while aware of the various pedagogic, administrative and economic factors that provide incentives as well as drawbacks in using e-learning in providing training to civil servants, we are interested in analyzing e-learning programs developed and used for public administration staff from several G20 states. Our analysis will be focused on assessing the dimensions of the e-learning systems, variety of courses via e-learning platforms, methodologies used in e-learning, possible limitations and challenges in providing e-learning programs to civil servants in several G20 states. The analysis will be conducted using public information available from national agencies with responsibilities in providing such trainings in various G20 states. Our recommendations are oriented towards stimulating the development of an enabling environment for improving inter-agencies and ministerial coordination by intervening at the levels of human resources from the government levels. In this respect, we promote a wider usage of electronic means in lifelong learning for the staff from public administrations and the sharing of information by electronic means aimed at ensuring further human resource development from the public administration. Moreover, we strongly consider that continuous human resource development in the public administration apparatus from the G20 states and knowledge sharing would provide adequate framework for ensuring that government priorities and policy coordination in order to achieve global economic stability, sustainable growth could be achieved, while also contributing to the development of knowledge and information society and economy.
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Torlak, Sülün Evinç, and Bilsev Gürsan. "A Study on the Regional Development Agencies as Project Based Development Model." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00472.
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Development concept, especially regional development concept has become the most important topic to even out the regional imbalances after the Second World War. The most important date has been after 1929, beginning with big crisis in the world. Regional development agencies which are the role of growth and development key have been established since the early of 1930’s, initially in America, and then in European Countries together with in some other Eastern Countries. Today, the key role of the development within the framework of ‘new development perception’ form the basis of project logic, in other words; project based development model which the agencies are intervening notably. This model is on the agenda, with the strong impact of regional and cohesion politics of European Union and takes the role excessively through grants and funds which development agencies are seen as the place of implementation of those policies. Many different sector-specific projects from infrastructure to protection of heritage, presented to the related authorities are being executed. Supported projects within grants and funds help people changing viewpoints; improve competences and direct people to act through project logic as well. This case carries the meaning of the strong impact of development by relieving the problems or needs through projects. In this study, some definitions related with development, development project examples to the published extent by European Commission and the case of the model that is very new to Turkey within project examples of development agencies have been examined using the comparative analysis method.
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Biehl, Florian, and Eike Lehmann. "Collisions of Ships and Offshore Wind Turbines: Calculation and Risk Evaluation." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92270.
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In Germany and other European countries, a large number of offshore wind parks will be installed within the next decade. Even though this development is promoted by governmental agencies in order to achieve positive effects such as installing a sustained energy and resource management, risks such as pollution due to collisions of tanker vessels with offshore wind energy conversion systems may cause the acceptance of wind energy to decrease. After a collision oil or other harmful substances may be spilled into the sea. It might even be possible for a ship to break apart and sink in a worst case scenario that includes failure of the bearing of the installed nacelle and subsequent impact onto the ship. Numerical crash tests were carried out in order to determine worst cases and to give hints to improve different offshore wind turbine support structures. In combination with statistical data and determination of probabilities of the occurrence of different scenarios, safety assessment analysis can be carried out by certification agencies and administrative authorities.
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Beutel, Jochen, Edmunds Broks, Arnis Buka, and Christoph Schewe. "Setting Aside National Rules that Conflict EU law: How Simmenthal Works in Germany and in Latvia?" In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.10.
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At the centre of this article is the Simmenthal line of cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which establish the duty of every national court or administrative authority not to apply any national law that conflicts with the EU law. The article provides a brief overview of the evolution of the Simmenthal case law at the EU level. It then proceeds to assess how Simmenthal is applied at national level through comparative analysis of experience from Germany and Latvia. A particular emphasis in that regard is placed on the role of constitutional courts, as well as on the role of administrative authorities. Research from both countries points to a general adherence to the obligation established by Simmenthal. However, it also indicates certain discrepancies in national legislation, which obscure strict application of Simmenthal, especially for national administrations. Particularly in Latvia administration is not entitled to disapply national law on its own motion, whereas – explicitly following the Simmenthal doctrine – it would (theoretically) be entitled to do so in Germany.
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ZAWOJSKA, Aldona. "THE PROS AND CONS OF THE EU COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.158.
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The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union has generated a great deal of attention and controversy among research community, practitioners and the wider population. The aim of this study is to overview and to discuss the thoughts and comments on the CAP which have been addressed by both its proponents and its opponents in the scientific publications, political commentaries, official reports, pubic opinion surveys and social-media-based public forums. While on the one hand, recent public opinion poll (Eurobarometer 2016) indicated broad support among EU citizens for the CAP; on the other hand, other sources give some strong arguments in favour of reducing or even scrapping the CAP. The CAP supporters (including European Commission itself) highlight, among others, the benefits of this policy (environmental; cultural; social vitality; food variety, quality and security; maintaining of rural employment, etc.) for all European citizens and not only for farmers, while CAP opponents stress its unfairness both to non-farmers (e.g. huge financial costs of its policy for taxpayers) and small farmers (large farmers benefit most), heavy administrative burden for farmers as well as the CAP’s destructing impact both on the EU states’ agriculture systems and developing countries’ agricultural markets. The CAP is basically the same for all EU member states but the EU countries differ considerably in terms of their rural development. According to some views, the CAP does not fit the Central and Eastern European countries. It represents a failure of the EU to adjust adequately from an exclusively Western European institution into a proper pan-European organization.
Reports on the topic "Administrative agencies – European Union countries"
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Máñez Costa, Maria, Amy M. P. Oen, Tina-Simone Schmid Neset, Loius Celliers, Mirko Suhari, Jo-Ting Huang-Lachmann, Rafael Pimentel, et al. Co-production of Climate Services : A diversity of approaches and good practice from the ERA4CS projects (2017–2021). Linköping Univeristy Electronic Press, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789179291990.
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This guide presents a joint effort of projects funded under the European Research Area for Climate Services (ERA4CS) (http://www.jpi-climate.eu/ERA4CS), a co- funded action initiated by JPI Climate with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462), 15 national public Research Funding Organisations (RFOs), and 30 Research Performing Organisations (RPOs) from 18 European countries. This guide sets out to increase the understanding of different pathways, methods, and approaches to improve knowledge co-production of climate services with users as a value-added activity of the ERA4CS Programme. Reflecting on the experiences of 16 of the 26 projects funded under ERA4CS, this guide aims to define and recommend good practices for transdisciplinary knowledge co-production of climate services to researchers, users, funding agencies, and private sector service providers. Drawing on responses from ERA4CS project teams to a questionnaire and interviews, this guide maps the diversity of methods for stakeholder identification, involvement, and engagement. It also conducts an analysis of methods, tools, and mechanisms for engagement as well as evaluation of co-production processes. This guide presents and discusses good practice examples based on the review of the ERA4CS projects, identifying enablers and barriers for key elements in climate service co-production processes. These were: namely (i) Forms of Engagement; (ii) Entry Points for Engagement; and, (iii) Intensity of Involvement. It further outlines key ingredients to enhance the quality of co-producing climate services with users and stakeholders. Based on the analysis of the lessons learned from ERA4CS projects, as well as a review of key concepts in the recent literature on climate service co-production, we provide a set of recommendations for researchers, users, funders and private sector providers of climate services.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.