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Academic literature on the topic 'ADM2'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "ADM2"

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Chauhan, Madhu, Meena Balakrishnan, Alex Vidaeff, Uma Yallampalli, Fernando Lugo, Karin Fox, Michael Belfort, and Chandra Yallampalli. "Adrenomedullin2 (ADM2)/Intermedin (IMD): A Potential Role in the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 101, no. 11 (September 1, 2016): 4478–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-1333.

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Context: It is not known whether decreases in trophoblast invasion promoting the peptide, adrenomedullin2 (ADM2) system is associated with preeclampsia (PreE). Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the changes in ADM2 levels in plasma, placenta, and amniotic fluid (AF) and its receptor components in placenta from PreE pregnancy compared with the age-matched normal and study the effect of ADM2 on the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in trophoblast cells. Results: PreE is associated with a decreased expression of ADM2 in plasma and placenta (P < .05); ADM2 interacts with a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) in HTR-8/SVneo cells; placental expression of ADM2/CRLR complex is lower in PreE; mRNA for CRLR and receptor activity-modifying protein-3 are lower, whereas receptor activity-modifying protein-2 is higher in the PreE placenta (P < .05); ADM2 levels in the second trimester are lower in the AF from pregnant women who develop PreE later in gestation (P < .05); ADM2 is localized to the epithelium of the amnion and the ectoderm and mesoderm of the chorion in term fetal membranes; ADM2 increases NO production, eNOS, and MMP2/9-immunoreactivity, whereas ADM2 knockdown inhibits the expression of eNOS and MMP2/9 mRNA and S-nitrosylation in HTR-8/SVneo cells; and ADM2-induced increases in MMP2/9 activity is inhibited by L-nitro-arginine methyl ester in HTR-8SV/neo cells. Conclusion: Decreases in the ADM2 system in PreE at term, in AF from pregnant women during the second trimester who develop PreE later in gestation, and ADM2-induced increases in the NO and MMP-2/9 levels in trophoblast cells suggest a potential role for ADM2 via the NO-MMP system in the pathophysiology of PreE.
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Ranjbaran, Ali, Hamid Nejabati, Tohid Ghasemnejad, Zeinab Latifi, Kobra Hamdi, Hamed Hajipour, Nathalie Raffel, et al. "Follicular Fluid Levels of Adrenomedullin 2, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and its Soluble Receptors Are Associated with Ovarian Response During ART Cycles." Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 79, no. 01 (January 2019): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0764-4765.

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Abstract Introduction Adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) affect ovarian function, especially angiogenesis and follicular development. The actions of VEGF can be antagonized by its soluble receptors, soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and soluble VEGF receptor 2 (sVEGFR-2), as they decrease its free form. In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between follicular fluid (FF) levels of AMD2, VEGF and its soluble receptors, and ICSI outcomes. Materials and Methods ICSI cycle outcomes were evaluated and FF levels of VEGF, sFlt-1, sVEGFR-2 and ADM2 were determined using ELISA kits. Results FF levels of ADM2, VEGF, and sVEGFR-2 were significantly higher in non-responders compared to other ovarian response groups (p < 0.05). There were significant correlations between ADM2, VEGF and sVEGFR-2 levels as well as VEGF/sFlt-1 and VEGF/sVEGFR-2 ratios (r = 0.586, 0.482, 0.260, and − 0.366, respectively). Based on the ROC curve, the cutoff value for ADM2 as a non-responder predictor was 348.55 (pg/ml) with a sensitivity of 67.7% and a specificity of 94.6%. Conclusions For the first time we measured FF ADM2 levels to determine the relationship to VEGF and its soluble receptors. We suggest that ADM2 could be a potential predictive marker for non-responders. Although the exact function of ADM2 in ovarian angiogenesis is not yet understood, our study may shed light on the possible role of ADM2 in folliculogenesis and ovulation.
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Chauhan, Madhu, Ancizar Betancourt, Meena Balakrishnan, Akansha Mishra, Karin Fox, Michael Belfort, and Chandra Yallampalli. "Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and angiotensin2 target calcitonin gene-related peptide family peptides in maternal vascular smooth muscle cells in pregnancy†." Biology of Reproduction 104, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 1071–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioab026.

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ABSTRACT Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CALCB), adrenomedullin (ADM), and adrenomedullin2 (ADM2) are hypotensive peptides that belong to CALCB family of peptides. Goal of this study was to identify the effect of fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFLT-1) and angiotensin2 (Ang2) on the function of these peptides in OA smooth muscle cells (OASMC) and assess the sensitivity of OA for these peptides in preeclampsia (PE) and normotensive pregnancy. Methods: Peptide function was assessed by Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assays and wire myograph; mRNA expression by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and protein-protein interaction by proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation. Findings: All three peptides increased cAMP synthesis in the order of efficacy CALCB &gt; ADM = ADM2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in OASMC (P &lt; 0.05); sFLT-1 mediated decrease in cAMP synthesis (P &lt; 0.05) is differentially rescued by all three CALCB family peptides in OASMC (P &lt; 0.005); sFLT-1 decreased receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP)1 and RAMP2 mRNA expression (P &lt; 0.05); Ang2 decreased the expression of calcitonin-receptor-like receptor and RAMP1 mRNA and desensitized CALCB and ADM2 receptors in OASMC (P &lt; 0.05); sFLT-1 increased RAMP1and Ang2 type 1 receptor (AT1R) interaction in OASMC which is inhibited in presence of all three peptides; and all three peptides relax OA in PE with enhanced ADM2 response (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: sFLT-1 and Ang2 impair OASMC mediated functional responses of CALCB family peptides which can be inhibited by respective peptide treatment. The sensitivity of OA for CALCB, ADM, and ADM2-mediated relaxation is retained in PE.
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Kim, Jimin, Seul Ki Lee, Donguk Kim, Han Choe, Yeon Jin Jang, Hye Soon Park, Jong-Hyeok Kim, Joon Pio Hong, Yeon Ji Lee, and Yoonseok Heo. "Altered Expression of Adrenomedullin 2 and its Receptor in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Patients." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 3 (October 23, 2019): e583-e596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz066.

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Abstract Context Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2) plays protective roles in the renal and cardiovascular systems. Recent studies in experimental animals demonstrated that AM2 is an adipokine with beneficial effects on energy metabolism. However, there is little information regarding AM2 expression in human adipose tissue. Objective To investigate the pattern and regulation of the expression of AM2 and its receptor component in human adipose tissue, in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Methods We measured metabolic parameters, serum AM2, and expression of ADM2 and its receptor component genes in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in obese (with or without type 2 diabetes) and normal-weight women. Serum AM2 was assessed before and 6 to 9 months after bariatric surgery. Expression/secretion of AM2 and its receptor were assessed in human adipocytes. Results ADM2 mRNA in both fat depots was higher in obese patients, whether diabetic or not. Although serum AM2 was significantly lower in obese patients, it was not changed after bariatric surgery. AM2 and its receptor complex were predominantly expressed by adipocytes, and the expression of CALCRL, encoding a component of the AM2 receptor complex, was lower in both fat depots of obese patients. Incubating adipocytes with substances mimicking the microenvironment of obese adipose tissue increased ADM2 mRNA but reduced both AM2 secretion into culture media and CALCRL mRNA expression. Conclusions Our data indicate that AM2 signaling is suppressed in adipose tissue in obesity, involving lower receptor expression and ligand availability, likely contributing to insulin resistance and other aspects of the pathophysiology associated with obesity.
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Yallampalli, Chandra, Uma Yallampalli, Meena Balakrishnan, and Madhu Chauhan. "900: Adrenomedullin2 (ADM2) receptor system in placenta from preeclamptic pregnancy." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 216, no. 1 (January 2017): S514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.11.809.

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Chang, Chia Lin, Zheqing Cai, and Sheau Yu Teddy Hsu. "Sustained Activation of CLR/RAMP Receptors by Gel-Forming Agonists." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (November 2, 2022): 13408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113408.

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Adrenomedullin (ADM), adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2), and CGRP family peptides are important regulators of vascular vasotone and integrity, neurotransmission, and fetoplacental development. These peptides signal through CLR/RAMP1, 2, and 3 receptors, and protect against endothelial dysfunction in disease models. As such, CLR/RAMP receptor agonists are considered important therapeutic candidates for various diseases. Methods and Results: Based on the screening of a series of palmitoylated chimeric ADM/ADM2 analogs, we demonstrated a combination of lipidation and accommodating motifs at the hinge region of select peptides is important for gaining an enhanced receptor-activation activity and improved stimulatory effects on the proliferation and survival of human lymphatic endothelial cells when compared to wild-type peptides. In addition, by serendipity, we found that select palmitoylated analogs self-assemble to form liquid gels, and subcutaneous administration of an analog gel led to the sustained presence of the peptide in the circulation for >2 days. Consistently, subcutaneous injection of the analog gel significantly reduced the blood pressure in SHR rats and increased vasodilation in the hindlimbs of adult rats for days. Conclusions: Together, these data suggest gel-forming adrenomedullin analogs may represent promising candidates for the treatment of various life-threatening endothelial dysfunction-associated diseases such as treatment-resistant hypertension and preeclampsia, which are in urgent need of an effective drug.
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Hollander, L. L., X. Guo, R. Salem, and C. Cha. "The Novel Tumor Angiogenic Factor, Adrenomedullin-2 (ADM2) Predicts Survival in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma." Journal of Surgical Research 186, no. 2 (February 2014): 635–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.651.

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Chauhan, Madhu, Uma Yallampalli, Yuan-Lin Dong, Gary D. V. Hankins, and Chandrasekhar Yallampalli. "Expression of Adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2)/Intermedin (IMD) in Human Placenta: Role in Trophoblast Invasion and Migration1." Biology of Reproduction 81, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.108.074419.

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Wahyudi, Joko Tri, Indri Maharani, and Yulius Tiranda. "Hubungan Antara Tingkat Fatique Dengan Self Care Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (PGK) Yang Menjalani Hemodialisa Di RS Pusri Palembang." Masker Medika 10, no. 2 (December 9, 2022): 756–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52523/maskermedika.v10i2.501.

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Latar Belakang : Hemodialisis merupakan manajemen terapi yang dapat fiberikan kepada pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK) yang berfungsi sebagai pengganti ginjal, dan dapat berlangsung seumur hidup. Data Indonesian Renal Registry (IRR) tahun 2018 mencatat 66.433 pasien baru dan aktif menjalani hemodialisis. Umumnya terapi hemodialisis berdampak pada berbagai komplikasi fisik, seperti kelelahan. Pasien penyakit ginjal kronis dengan kelelahan, kelemahan, dan kehilangan energi dapat mempengaruhi perawatan diri. Metode : Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan analisis chi square. Total sampling digunakan untuk mengukur kelelahan, juga indeks CKD perawatan diri. Penelitian ini ditindaklanjuti dengan izin etik No: 0159/KEPK/Adm2/II/2022. Hasil : Nilai P sebesar 0,001 (P Value 0,05) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kelelahan dengan perawatan diri pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik selama hemodialisa. Pembahasan : Meningkatnya tingkat urutan kelelahan ke tingkat ketergantungan. Kami menyarankan perlunya lebih mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kelelahan dan tingkat ketergantungan.
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Yallampalli, Chandrasekhar, Alex Vidaeff, Uma Yallampalli, Susan Ramin, Karin Fox, Michael Belfort, and Madhulata Chauhan. "451: Adrenomedullin2 (ADM2) is expressed in fetal membranes and lower amniotic fluid levels are associated with preeclampsia." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 212, no. 1 (January 2015): S232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.497.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ADM2"

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Engelsoy, Julius. "Considerations Regarding AdS2 Backreaction and Holography." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210245.

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Voronkova, Valentina Vladimirovna. "ADH2 repression : a genetic and biochemical approach /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9221.

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Scaramuzzino, Giuseppe. "Definition and Standardization of ADS2 Ltd Manufacturing Processes." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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L’elaborato realizzato nei sei mesi di tirocinio per tesi svolto presso l’azienda ADS2 Brands Limited con sede a Biggleswade (UK) è il frutto di un lavoro di osservazione, analisi e intervento sui processi produttivi aziendali. Lo scopo del progetto era quello di definire, ottimizzare e standardizzare i processi produttivi per poi giungere alla stesura di un set di documentazione tecnica da condividere con l’ufficio tecnico, con il project manager e con il plant manager. L’azienda è specializzata nella realizzazione di componentistica per gli impianti di spillamento delle bevande, quindi si tratta di una produzione fortemente personalizzata. La principale tecnologia di produzione è quella di stampaggio per iniezione con l’utilizzo di diverse tipologie di materiali termoplastici, ad esempio ABS, PMMA, Polipropilene. A questo processo tecnologico che coinvolge la maggior parte della produzione si affiancano altre tecnologie quali termoformatura, stampa digitale e tradizionale, oltre che alle attività di realizzazione degli stampi. Sono stati osservati numerosi cicli di fabbricazione, rilevandone tempi, caratteristiche dei materiali, tasso di impiego delle risorse (in termini di operatori, macchinari, attrezzature, materiali) e qualità dei componenti realizzati. Tutti i dati rilevati in fase di analisi sono stati analizzati e confrontati con quelli già presenti sul gestionale Microsoft Dynamics 365. Di ogni componente, sono state rilevate le criticità in fase di produzione, di altre eventuali lavorazioni o di assemblaggio e si è cercato di fornirne delle soluzioni praticabili. Molti processi sono stati ottimizzati secondo la filosofia del Lean Manufacturing e si è giunti alla realizzazione del set di documentazione prevista: scheda macchina, scheda di processo e scheda di prodotto. A margine di ciò sono state proposte delle soluzioni per quanto riguarda l’organizzazione del magazzino, l’identificazione dei tool e l’impiego di risorse per ridurre i lead time.
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Iannone, Lucio. "ADMA metabolism and chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertenstion." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24911.

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Rationale: Elevated asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels contribute to the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Chronic hypoxia decreases the activity of the enzymes metabolising ADMA, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAH1 and DDAH2) but the mechanisms responsible are not understood. Objective: To elucidate the physiological significance and the mechanism of hypoxia-induced downregulation of ADMA metabolism. Methods and Results: Exposure of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) to hypoxia inhibited both DDAH1 and DDAH2 gene and protein expression, reduced DDAH activity and increased ADMA levels. In contrast, in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) only DDAH2 was reduced while ADMA levels remained unchanged. This endothelium-specific regulation of DDAH1 and ADMA resulted from NFκB-dependent, microRNA-21 (miR-21)-mediated degradation of DDAH1 mRNA. Down regulation of DDAH1 activity contributed to hypoxia-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction and HPASMC proliferation and was prevented by overexpression of DDAH1 and miR-21 blockade. Conversely, overexpression of miR-21 mimicked the effects of hypoxia. DDAH1 overexpressing transgenic mice exposed to 2 weeks hypoxia, showed attenuated pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodelling, compared with wildtype controls. Importantly, inhibition of miR21 in vivo prevented the hypoxia-induced reduction in pulmonary DDAH1 expression and attenuated the development of pulmonary hypertension. Lung tissue samples from hypoxic mice and treatment-naïve IPAH patients also showed reduced DDAH1 expression and increased miR-21 levels, compared with controls. Conclusion: Down regulation of DDAH1 expression by miR-21 in the pulmonary vascular endothelium has a key role in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and may be of broader significance in pulmonary hypertension.
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Queen, André Sampaio. "Simulador de reatores anaeróbios com base no ADM1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3139/tde-04092006-170243/.

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Primeiramente, esse trabalho pretende esclarecer a importância de pesquisas em modelagem, simulação e controle nos processos de tratamento de efluentes e apontar o atraso do Brasil nesta área de pesquisa comparado ao avanço das iniciativas internacionais. O trabalho apresenta o problema específico da modelagem dos processos anaeróbios e propõe uma nova ferramenta de simulação de regime permanente para esses sistemas, desde digestores de lodo a reatores UASB. O simulador se baseia no ADM1 (Anaerobic Digestion Model No 1), modelo proposto pela IWA em 2002, e está implementado em C++. A intenção é disponibilizar livremente um software de simulação com o diferencial de uma metodologia e interface gráfica amigável, capaz de trazer para o dia-a-dia do profissional da área toda a sofisticação de uma modelagem mais completa, tanto do ponto de vista microbiológico como físico-químico. A metodologia proposta se mostrou muito eficiente para a obtenção da condição de regime permanente, fazendo com que a caracterização do afluente se tornasse a etapa limitante do processo de simulação. O método desenvolvido é tão eficaz que permite que sejam realizadas simulações com afluentes e reatores hipotéticos, tornando possível estudos desvinculados da necessidade de análises laboratoriais complexas ou fora do comum.
First, this work intends to show the importance of research in modeling, simulation and control of wastewater treatment processes, and to point the delay of our country (Brazil) in this subject, compared to the advance of the international initiatives. This work presents the specific problem of modeling the anaerobic digestion and proposes a new tool to simulate the steady state condition in anaerobic reactors. The simulator is based on the ADM1 (Anaerobic Digestion Model No 1), developed by IWA in 2002, and is implemented in C++. The intention is to give free access to a new simulation software with the advantages of better methodology and friendly graphical interface. This tool should be able to bring to the professionals all the sophistication of a more complete modelling in the microbiological and physical-chemical point of view. The developed methodology revealed itself to be very efficient for the attainment of the steady state condition. Consequently, it makes the characterization of the influent the critic stage of the simulation process. The developed method is so efficient that allows simulation studies to be carried out using hypothetical influents and reactors. Thus, it brings independence for simulation studies with no need of complex or unusual laboratorial analyses.
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Tejkl, Jakub. "Trvanlivost destiček ADMX při frézování materiálů skupiny S." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231383.

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This diploma thesis studies the machining of group S materials. In the theoretical part of this thesis these materials were divided into groups and subsequently analyzed. These materials were also analyzed in terms of their impaired machinability. In the practical part of this thesis experimental tests were conducted to determine tool life, tool wear and in the case of testing titanium alloy surface roughness too.
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Tomlinson, James. "The role of DDAH and ADMA in kidney disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24541.

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Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and elevated plasma levels associate with poor cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase enzymes (DDAHs; 1 and 2) metabolise ADMA. A DDAH1 gene variant associates with higher kidney tissue mRNA expression, lower plasma ADMA but counter-intuitively, a steeper rate of eGFR decline. This indicates that renal DDAH1 activity may be deleterious and circulating ADMA does not necessarily reflect the NO-ADMA balance (or severity of disease) within kidney tissue. This study tests the hypothesis that reduced renal DDAH1 activity protects against the progression of kidney function decline, independent of circulating ADMA. Renal DDAH1 expression predominates within the proximal tubule. A novel proximal tubule-specific DDAH1 knock-out (PTD1KO) mouse was developed, which demonstrated tubule-specific dysregulation of ADMA and NO that was not evident systemically. Phenotyping studies in PTD1KO mice did not identify consistent alterations of urinary biochemistry at baseline or after salt loading, however, proteomic analysis revealed significant alterations of urinary peptides at baseline; including down-regulation of uromodulin and collagen. At 12 weeks following folate renal injury, the PTD1KO mouse exhibited less kidney function decline, collagen deposition and pro-fibrotic gene expression (Col12alpha, TGFbeta and ET-1) than controls. Furthermore, ADMA and DDAH1 inhibition reduced tubular sodium and fluid reabsorption in rat microperfusion studies, although studies in PTD1KO mice failed to reproduce this effect. Finally, in vitro studies using a PT cell line and primary PT culture indicated an inhibitory effect of ADMA upon PT cell proliferation. Consistent with recent human genetic studies, these data provide experimental evidence indicating a reduction of renal tubule DDAH1 activity can protect against progressive kidney fibrosis and function decline, independent of plasma ADMA. This work provides novel insights into the role of the NO-ADMA-DDAH axis within the kidney, particularly the tubule.
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Annergren, Mariette. "Application-Oriented Input Design and Optimization Methods Involving ADMM." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187890.

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This thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part considers application-oriented input design, specifically for model predictive control (MPC). The second part considers alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for ℓ1 regularized optimization problems and primal-dual interior-point methods. The theory of system identification provides methods for estimating models of dynamical systems from experimental data. This thesis is focused on identifying models used for control, with special attention to MPC. The objective is to minimize the cost of the identification experiment while guaranteeing, with high probability, that the obtained model gives an acceptable control performance. We use application-oriented input design to find such a model. We present a general procedure of implementing application-oriented input design to unknown, possibly nonlinear, systems controlled using MPC. The practical aspects of application-oriented input design are addressed and the method is tested in an experimental study. In addition, a MATLAB-based toolbox for solving application-oriented input design problems is presented. The purpose of the toolbox is threefold: it is used in research; it facilitates communication of research results; it helps an engineer to use application-oriented input design. Several important problems in science can be formulated as convex optimization problems. As such, there exist very efficient algorithms for finding the solutions. We are interested in methods that can handle optimization problems with a very large number of variables. ADMM is a method capable of handling such problems. We derive a scalable and efficient algorithm based on ADMM for two ℓ1 regularized optimization problems: ℓ1 mean and covariance filtering, and ℓ1 regularized MPC. The former occurs in signal processing and the latter is a specific type of model based control. We are also interested in optimization problems with certain structural limitations. These limitations inhibit the use of a central computational unit to solve the problems. We derive a distributed method for solving them instead. The method is a primal-dual interior-point method that uses ADMM to distribute all the calculations necessary to solve the optimization problem at hand.

QC 20160602

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Forgey, Cady. "Prevention of Chronic Inflammation by Targeting Macrophage Integrin aDb2." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3849.

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Macrophage integrin aDb2 promotes macrophage retention and accumulation within inflamed tissue, a key event in development of chronic inflammation. Recently, the P5 peptide was identified as a specific inhibitor for integrin aDb2 interaction with 2-(ω-carboxyethyl) pyrole (CEP), a ligand at inflammatory sites. This thesis aims to identify integrin aD I-domain amino acids involved in binding P5 peptide and likewise to CEP. We propose that non-conserved, basic amino acids of the integrin aDb2 I-domain are responsible for binding to P5 peptide and likewise to CEP. Eight amino acids were analyzed by generating six mutant aD I-domains: K180[A], R189[Q], K205[L], HHK223-225[NIT], K233[A], and K246[A]. Mutagenic constructs were created using PCR site-directed mutagenesis, then transformed into E.coli BL21 cells for IPTG-induced protein expression. Of the 6 mutant I-domains analyzed, amino acid K246 was critical in binding to P5 peptide and CEP through ForteBio Protein-Protein Assay, as well as to CEP by cell adhesion assay.
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Abboud, Azary. "Optimisation distribuée dans les grands systèmes interconnectés avec ADMM." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC004/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur la construction des algorithmes distribués pour l’optimisation de la production et du partage de ressources au sein d’un réseau de large dimension. Notamment, on se concentre sur les réseaux électriques et les réseaux cellulaires 5G. On considère dans le cas des réseaux électriques le problème OPF (Optimal Power Flow) dans lequel on vise à faire la gestion et l’optimisation de la production de l’énergie électrique d’une manière distribuée. On se concentre sur une version linéarisée du problème, la DC-OPF (Direct-Current Optimal Power Flow). Comme le problème d’optimisation est convexe dans ce cas, on vise à minimiser le coût de production de l’énergie tout en respectant les limites des lignes de transmission et les contraintes caractéristiques du système. Dans le cas des réseaux cellulaires, on formule un problème de Caching. On a pour but de réduire l’utilisation du backhaul liant les stations de base et le contrôleur du réseau. Les stations de base sont équipées d’une capacité de stockage limitée. Ils visent à trouver d’une manière optimale les fichiers à stocker dans le but de réduire une certaine fonction de coût sur l’utilisation du backhaul et sur le partage des fichiers avec les autres stations de base. L’approche adoptée dans cette thèse consiste à appliquer l’ADMM (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers), une méthode d’optimisation de manière itérative, à un problème d’optimisation que l’on a préalablement reformulée de façon adéquate. Ce problème permet à la fois de décrire le DC-OPF et le problème de Caching. On démontre la convergence de cette méthode quand elle est appliquée noeud par noeudd’une manière totalement distribuée. Ainsi que dans le cas où le réseau est divisé en plusieurs zones. Ces zones peuvent se chevaucher mais aussi elles peuvent être séparées ou indépendantes. De plus, dans le contexte d’un réseau à zones, on démontre que l’application de l’ADMM d’une manière aléatoire par une seule zone converge aussi vers la solution optimale du problème
This thesis focuses on the construction of distributed algorithms for optimizing resource production in a large interconnected system. In particular, it focuses on power grid and 5G cellular networks. In the case of power grid networks, we consider the OPF (Optimal Power Flow) problem in which one seeks to manage and optimize the production of electrical energy in a distributed manner. We focus on a linearized version of the problem, the DC-OPF (Direct- Current Optimal Power Flow) problem. This optimization problem is convex; the aim is to minimize the cost of energy generation while respecting the limits of the transmission line and the power flow constraints. In the case of 5G cellular networks, we formulate a caching problem. We aim to offload the backhaul link usage connecting the small bases stations (SBSs) to the central scheduler (CS). The SBSs are equipped with a limited storage capacity. We seek to find the optimal way to store files so as to reduce the cost on the use of backhaul and sharing files with other SBSs. The approach adopted in this thesis is to apply the ADMM (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers), an optimization method that is applied iteratively, to an optimization problem that we adequately formulated previously. This problem can both describe the DC-OPF problem and the Caching problem. We prove the convergence of the method when applied node by node in a fully distributed manner. Additionally, we prove its convergence in the case where the network is divided into multiple areas or nations that may or may not overlap. Furthermore, in the context of a network with multiple areas, we show that the application of ADMM in a random manner by a single randomly chosen area also converges to the optimal solution of the problem
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Books on the topic "ADM2"

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Chughtai, I. Ajib admi. Delhi: Kitabi dunya, 2002.

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Yad, Mansha. Darakht admi. Lahore: Pakistan Books & Literary Sounds, 1990.

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Ahmad, Y. Gumshuda admi. Delhi: Takhleeqar, 2003.

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Hussain, Intizar. Akhri admi. Lahore: Sange-i-Mil, 1987.

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Mansur, Talok. Una admi. Amritsar: Kavi Sahit, 1990.

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Siddiqi, Shankat. Tisra admi. Karachi: Rekitab, 1986.

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HUSSAIN, Zulekha. Admi sur sikke. New Delhi: Ahluwalia Book Depot, 1989.

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Nagar, Vishnu. Admi swarg mein. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2004.

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Anand, Vikki. Andhere ka admi. Delhi: Diamond, 1991.

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Sagar, Rajendra. Arman vagarno admi. Ahmedabad: Navbharat, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "ADM2"

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Dowty, Martin E., Dean M. Messing, Yurong Lai, and Leonid Leo Kirkovsky. "ADME." In ADMET for Medicinal Chemists, 145–200. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470915110.ch4.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "ADME." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 3. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_29.

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Böning, Dieter, Michael I. Lindinger, Damian M. Bailey, Istvan Berczi, Kameljit Kalsi, José González-Alonso, David J. Dyck, et al. "ADMA." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_14425.

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Mertsch, Katharina, Martin Will, Werngard Czechtizky, Niels Griesang, Alexander Marker, and Jacob Olsen. "ADME Profiling." In Small Molecule Medicinal Chemistry, 353–77. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118771723.ch13.

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Winter-Nelson, Alex, Mindy Spencer, Sarah Schwartz, and Ashley Nagele. "ADMI Village." In Postharvest Extension and Capacity Building for the Developing World, 139–49. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] | Series: World Food Preservation Center book series: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315115771-14.

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Lin, Zhouchen, Huan Li, and Cong Fang. "Stochastic ADMM." In Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Machine Learning, 143–205. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9840-8_5.

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Khojasteh, S. Cyrus, Harvey Wong, Donglu Zhang, and Cornelis E. C. A. Hop. "ADME Assays." In Discovery DMPK Quick Guide, 175–215. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10691-0_6.

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Layton, William J., and Leo G. Rebholz. "Phenomenology of ADMs." In Approximate Deconvolution Models of Turbulence, 89–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24409-4_4.

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Lin, Zhouchen, Huan Li, and Cong Fang. "Derivations of ADMM." In Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Machine Learning, 11–23. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9840-8_2.

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Khojasteh, Siamak Cyrus, Harvey Wong, and Cornelis E. C. A. Hop. "In Silico ADME Tools." In Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Quick Guide, 183–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5629-3_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "ADM2"

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Ferreira, Hellen Lívia Oliveira Catunda, Tyane Mayara Ferreira de Oliveira, Cícero Mendes Siqueira, Ana Izabel Oliveira Nicolau, Thais Marques Lima, Leilane Barbosa de Souza, Paula Renata Amorim Lessa Soares, Samila Gomes Ribeiro, Priscila de Souza Aquino, and Ana Karina Bezerra Pinheiro. "Atitude de adolescentes do Nordeste brasileiro acerca da vacinação contra papilomavírus humano." In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p066.

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Introdução: O conhecimento acerca do papilomavírus humano e de sua vacinação é incipiente em diversas populações. Conhecimento e atitude apropriados estão relacionados à adesão adequada da vacinação contra papilomavírus humano, que é o principal causador do câncer de colo uterino. Objetivo: Comparar atitude entre adolescentes de dois municípios do Nordeste brasileiro acerca da vacinação contra papilomavírus humano. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, comparativo, realizado de agosto/2018 a janeiro/2020 com 238 meninas adolescentes entre 9–14 anos de escolas públicas de dois municípios cearenses (AdM1/ AdM2), sendo 120 do M1 e 118 do M2. Realizou-se teste de McNemar com nível descritivo de 5%. Considerou-se atitude adequada caso as adolescentes relatassem que tomariam a vacina. Aprovou-se o estudo sob parecer n. 2.645.679. Resultados: Sobre vacinas em geral (p=0,993), a porcentagem entre os dois municípios foi bastante equivalente, apresentando um pensamento positivo. Contudo, AdM1 acreditam mais que vacinas sejam muito necessárias e devam ser obrigatórias (50,9%), enquanto AdM2 afirmam que, apesar de serem necessárias, cada um deve tomar se quiser e se tiver dinheiro para pagar (52,6%). O questionamento sobre tomar vacina em campanha de vacinação foi significante (p=0,024), tendo AdM1 relatarado que tomariam se fosse de graça (59,5%) e AdM2 que tomariam mesmo se tivessem que pagar (57,8%). Entretanto, ressalta-se que, entre as que não tomariam, 61,5% eram AdM2. Já em relação à vacinação específica contra papilomavírus humano (p=0,281), AdM1 referiram, em maior porcentagem, que tomariam se tivessem mais informações a respeito (52,6%). Das que não tomariam vacina contra papilomavírus humano, AdM2 apresentaram maioria (73,3%). A avaliação da atitude foi adequada em 51,9% das AdM1 e inadequada em 63,6% das AdM2 (p=0,166). Conclusão: Observou-se que AdM1 apresentaram melhor atitude em relação à vacinação contra papilomavírus humano. Fica evidente, ainda, necessidade de ações educativas para fortalecer conhecimento e atitude diante dessa vacinação específica a fim de elevar suas taxas entre adolescentes.
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Huang, Feihu, Shangqian Gao, Songcan Chen, and Heng Huang. "Zeroth-Order Stochastic Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Nonconvex Nonsmooth Optimization." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/354.

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Alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is a popular optimization tool for the composite and constrained problems in machine learning. However, in many machine learning problems such as black-box learning and bandit feedback, ADMM could fail because the explicit gradients of these problems are difficult or even infeasible to obtain. Zeroth-order (gradient-free) methods can effectively solve these problems due to that the objective function values are only required in the optimization. Recently, though there exist a few zeroth-order ADMM methods, they build on the convexity of objective function. Clearly, these existing zeroth-order methods are limited in many applications. In the paper, thus, we propose a class of fast zeroth-order stochastic ADMM methods (\emph{i.e.}, ZO-SVRG-ADMM and ZO-SAGA-ADMM) for solving nonconvex problems with multiple nonsmooth penalties, based on the coordinate smoothing gradient estimator. Moreover, we prove that both the ZO-SVRG-ADMM and ZO-SAGA-ADMM have convergence rate of $O(1/T)$, where $T$ denotes the number of iterations. In particular, our methods not only reach the best convergence rate of $O(1/T)$ for the nonconvex optimization, but also are able to effectively solve many complex machine learning problems with multiple regularized penalties and constraints. Finally, we conduct the experiments of black-box binary classification and structured adversarial attack on black-box deep neural network to validate the efficiency of our algorithms.
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Yu, Yue, and Longbo Huang. "Fast Stochastic Variance Reduced ADMM for Stochastic Composition Optimization." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/470.

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We consider the stochastic composition optimization problem proposed in \cite{wang2017stochastic}, which has applications ranging from estimation to statistical and machine learning. We propose the first ADMM based algorithm named com SVR ADMM, and show that com SVR ADMM converges linearly for strongly convex and Lipschitz smooth objectives, and has a convergence rate of $O(\logS/S)$, which improves upon the $O(S^{-4/9})$ rate in \cite{wang2016accelerating} when the objective is convex and Lipschitz smooth. Moreover, com SVR ADMM possesses a rate of $O(1/\sqrt{S})$ when the objective is convex but without Lipschitz smoothness. We also conduct experiments and show that it outperforms existing algorithms.
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Quan, Ning, and Harrison Kim. "Iteration Complexity of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Quasi-Separable Problems in Multi-Disciplinary Design Optimization." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35066.

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The Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is a distributed algorithm suitable for quasi-separable problems in Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization. Previous authors have studied the convergence and complexity of the ADMM algorithm by treating it as an instance of the proximal point algorithm. In this paper, those previous results are extended to an alternate form of the ADMM algorithm applied to the quasi-separable problem. Secondly, a dynamic penalty parameter updating heuristic for the ADMM algorithm is introduced and compared against a previously proposed updating heuristic. The proposed updating heuristic was tested on a distributed linear model fitting example and performed favorably against the other heuristic and the fixed penalty parameter scheme.
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Oyarzun, David, Amalia Ortiz, Maria del Puy Carretero, Jean Gelissen, Alex Garcia-Alonso, and Yesha Sivan. "ADML." In the 14th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1559764.1559778.

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Elmangoush, Asma, Ronald Steinke, and Thomas Magedanz. "AdM2M." In iiWAS '15: The 17th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Application & Services. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2837185.2837236.

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Giesen, Joachim, and Soeren Laue. "Combining ADMM and the Augmented Lagrangian Method for Efficiently Handling Many Constraints." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/629.

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Many machine learning methods entail minimizing a loss-function that is the sum of the losses for each data point. The form of the loss function is exploited algorithmically, for instance in stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and in the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). However, there are also machine learning methods where the entailed optimization problem features the data points not in the objective function but in the form of constraints, typically one constraint per data point. Here, we address the problem of solving convex optimization problems with many convex constraints. Our approach is an extension of ADMM. The straightforward implementation of ADMM for solving constrained optimization problems in a distributed fashion solves constrained subproblems on different compute nodes that are aggregated until a consensus solution is reached. Hence, the straightforward approach has three nested loops: one for reaching consensus, one for the constraints, and one for the unconstrained problems. Here, we show that solving the costly constrained subproblems can be avoided. In our approach, we combine the ability of ADMM to solve convex optimization problems in a distributed setting with the ability of the augmented Lagrangian method to solve constrained optimization problems. Consequently, our algorithm only needs two nested loops. We prove that it inherits the convergence guarantees of both ADMM and the augmented Lagrangian method. Experimental results corroborate our theoretical findings.
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Khatiwada, Rakshya. "Tuning the axion radio with Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX)." In Tuning the axion radio with Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX). US DOE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1647055.

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Stern, Ian. "ADMX Status." In 38th International Conference on High Energy Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.282.0198.

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Ren, Ao, Tianyun Zhang, Shaokai Ye, Jiayu Li, Wenyao Xu, Xuehai Qian, Xue Lin, and Yanzhi Wang. "ADMM-NN." In ASPLOS '19: Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3297858.3304076.

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Reports on the topic "ADM2"

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Kennedy, Alan, Jonathon Brame, Taylor Rycroft, Matthew Wood, Valerie Zemba, Charles Weiss, Matthew Hull, Cary Hill, Charles Geraci, and Igor Linkov. A definition and categorization system for advanced materials : the foundation for risk-informed environmental health and safety testing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41803.

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Novel materials with unique or enhanced properties relative to conventional materials are being developed at an increasing rate. These materials are often referred to as advanced materials (AdMs) and they enable technological innovations that can benefit society. Despite their benefits, however, the unique characteristics of many AdMs, including many nanomaterials, are poorly understood and may pose environmental safety and occupational health (ESOH) risks that are not readily determined by traditional risk assessment methods. To assess these risks while keeping up with the pace of development, technology developers and risk assessors frequently employ risk-screening methods that depend on a clear definition for the materials that are to be assessed (e.g., engineered nanomaterial) as well as a method for binning materials into categories for ESOH risk prioritization. In this study, we aim to establish a practitioner-driven definition for AdMs and a practitioner-validated framework for categorizing AdMs into conceptual groupings based on material characteristics. The definition and categorization framework established here serve as a first step in determining if and when there is a need for specific ESOH and regulatory screening for an AdM as well as the type and extent of risk-related information that should be collected or generated for AdMs and AdM-enabled technologies.
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Kerrigan, W. Analytical Data Management System (ADMS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6845581.

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Raszmann, Emma, Kumaraguru Prabakar, Soumya Tiwari, Ismael Mendoza, Harsha Padullaparti, Barry Mather, Deepthi Vaidhynathan, Jim Li, Mike Brozek, and Mar Tarres. Enabling Realistic Communications Evaluations for ADMS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1821624.

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Davis, Brian, Ross Henning, Kyle Henik, Levi Benning, Joseph R. Vanstrom, and Jacek A. Koziel. ADM Demonstration Model Sifter. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/tsm416-180814-34.

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Agalgaonkar, Yashodhan P., Maria C. Marinovici, Subramanian V. Vadari, Kevin P. Schneider, and Ronald B. Melton. ADMS State of the Industry and Gap Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1427928.

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Tanner, David B., and Neil Sullivan. The “Gen 2” Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1508642.

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Lee, S. Y. Evaluation of Sludge Removal Capabilities for ADMP Mixer in Tank 18. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/816622.

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Rosenberg, Leslie J. Final Report for the ADMX Phase 2a Project at the University of Washington. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1212273.

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Saldanha, Ian J., Wangnan Cao, Justin M. Broyles, Gaelen P. Adam, Monika Reddy Bhuma, Shivani Mehta, Laura S. Dominici, Andrea L. Pusic, and Ethan M. Balk. Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer245.

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Objectives. This systematic review evaluates breast reconstruction options for women after mastectomy for breast cancer (or breast cancer prophylaxis). We addressed six Key Questions (KQs): (1) implant-based reconstruction (IBR) versus autologous reconstruction (AR), (2) timing of IBR and AR in relation to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, (3) comparisons of implant materials, (4) comparisons of anatomic planes for IBR, (5) use versus nonuse of human acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) during IBR, and (6) comparisons of AR flap types. Data sources and review methods. We searched Medline®, Embase®, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL®, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to March 23, 2021, to identify comparative and single group studies. We extracted study data into the Systematic Review Data Repository Plus (SRDR+). We assessed the risk of bias and evaluated the strength of evidence (SoE) using standard methods. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020193183). Results. We found 8 randomized controlled trials, 83 nonrandomized comparative studies, and 69 single group studies. Risk of bias was moderate to high for most studies. KQ1: Compared with IBR, AR is probably associated with clinically better patient satisfaction with breasts and sexual well-being but comparable general quality of life and psychosocial well-being (moderate SoE, all outcomes). AR probably poses a greater risk of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (moderate SoE), but IBR probably poses a greater risk of reconstructive failure in the long term (1.5 to 4 years) (moderate SoE) and may pose a greater risk of breast seroma (low SoE). KQ 2: Conducting IBR either before or after radiation therapy may result in comparable physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and patient satisfaction with breasts (all low SoE), and probably results in comparable risks of implant failure/loss or need for explant surgery (moderate SoE). We found no evidence addressing timing of IBR or AR in relation to chemotherapy or timing of AR in relation to radiation therapy. KQ 3: Silicone and saline implants may result in clinically comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence regarding double lumen implants. KQ 4: Whether the implant is placed in the prepectoral or total submuscular plane may not be associated with risk of infections that are not explicitly implant related (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence addressing the comparisons between prepectoral and partial submuscular and between partial and total submuscular planes. KQ 5: The evidence is inconsistent regarding whether human ADM use during IBR impacts physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, or satisfaction with breasts. However, ADM use probably increases the risk of implant failure/loss or need for explant surgery (moderate SoE) and may increase the risk of infections not explicitly implant related (low SoE). Whether or not ADM is used probably is associated with comparable risks of seroma and unplanned repeat surgeries for revision (moderate SoE for both), and possibly necrosis (low SoE). KQ 6: AR with either transverse rectus abdominis (TRAM) or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps may result in comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE), but TRAM flaps probably increase the risk of harms to the area of flap harvest (moderate SoE). AR with either DIEP or latissimus dorsi flaps may result in comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE), but there is insufficient evidence regarding thromboembolic events and no evidence regarding other surgical complications. Conclusion. Evidence regarding surgical breast reconstruction options is largely insufficient or of only low or moderate SoE. New high-quality research is needed, especially for timing of IBR and AR in relation to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, for comparisons of implant materials, and for comparisons of anatomic planes of implant placement.
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Armstrong, Dennis R., William V. Hoak, Jocelyn Nixon, and David G. Martin. Evaluation of Nuclear Research Corporation's ADM-300 Radiation Detection, Indication, and Computation (RADIAC) Instrument. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada260233.

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