Journal articles: 'Adjustment disorders in children'

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Heo, Jaesung, Jun Eun Park, O. Kyu Noh, and Yunmi Shin. "Psychiatric disorders among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in South Korea: a nationwide population-based longitudinal study." Journal of International Medical Research 50, no. 1 (January 2022): 030006052210752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605221075223.

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Objective Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may be at increased risk of psychiatric disorders. This study analyzed the incidence of psychiatric disorders in children with ALL in South Korea. Methods Using nationwide claims data for January 2009 to March 2016, we identified three major psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety and stress/adjustment disorder) among children diagnosed with ALL. We analyzed the incidence of psychiatric disorders before and after ALL diagnosis. Results Overall, 2160 children diagnosed with ALL were identified. Seventy-five children (3.5%) were diagnosed with at least one major psychiatric disorder from 1 year before ALL diagnosis to the last follow-up point (range: 42.5–111.5 months). Of these, 70 (93.3%) patients were identified after ALL diagnosis, with the incidence peaking 1 year after ALL diagnosis. Depression, anxiety and stress/adjustment disorders were diagnosed in 30 (1.4%), 15 (0.7%) and 30 (1.4%) patients, respectively. Conclusions Among pediatric patients with ALL, most psychiatric disorders were identified after the diagnosis of leukemia, and psychiatric disorder incidence differed according to patient age and time since ALL diagnosis. Timely screening for and proper management of mental disorders are needed during all stages of ALL treatment.

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Basu, Archana, Dóra Körmendiné Farkas, Tammy Jiang, Karestan C. Koenen, Timothy L. Lash, Henrik Toft Sørensen, and Jaimie L. Gradus. "Incident psychiatric comorbidity following stress disorder diagnoses in Danish school-aged children: prospective population-based study." British Journal of Psychiatry 217, no. 1 (November 22, 2019): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.247.

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BackgroundProspective population-based studies of psychiatric comorbidity following trauma and severe stress exposure in children are limited.AimsTo examine incident psychiatric comorbidity following stress disorder diagnoses in Danish school-aged children using Danish national healthcare system registries.MethodChildren (6–15 years of age) with a severe stress or adjustment disorder (ICD-10) between 1995 and 2011 (n = 11 292) were followed prospectively for an average of 5.8 years. Incident depressive, anxiety and behavioural disorder diagnoses were examined relative to an age- and gender-matched comparison cohort (n = 56 460) using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Effect modification by gender was examined through stratified analyses.ResultsAll severe stress and adjustment disorder diagnoses were associated with increased rates for all incident outcome disorders relative to the comparison cohort. For instance, adjustment disorders were associated with higher rates of incident depressive (rate ratio RR = 6.8; 95% CI 6.0–7.7), anxiety (RR = 5.3; 95% CI 4.5–6.4), and behavioural disorders (RR = 7.9; 95% CI 6.6–9.3). Similarly, PTSD was also associated with higher rates of depressive (RR = 7.4; 95% CI 4.2–13), anxiety (RR = 7.1; 95% CI 3.5–14) and behavioural disorder (RR = 4.9; 95% CI 2.3–11) diagnoses. There was no evidence of gender-related differences.ConclusionsStress disorders varying in symptom constellation and severity are associated with a range of incident psychiatric disorders in children. Transdiagnostic assessments within a longitudinal framework are needed to characterise the course of post-trauma or severe stressor psychopathology.

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Sethi, Sujata, and S. C. Bhargava. "Child and Adolescent Survivors of Suicide." Crisis 24, no. 1 (January 2003): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0227-5910.24.1.4.

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Summary: Suicide in a family is distressing for each and every member. Children and adolescents bereaved by suicide are known to be more at risk of suffering from a variety of psychiatric problems, especially affective disorders. A group of children and adolescents who experienced a suicidal death in the family were assessed for psychiatric problems as well as for social adjustment. The findings suggest that the bereaved children and adolescents are at elevated risk for major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and impaired social adjustment.

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Punamäki, Raija-Leena, Samir Qouta, and Eyad El-Sarraj. "Resiliency factors predicting psychological adjustment after political violence among Palestinian children." International Journal of Behavioral Development 25, no. 3 (May 2001): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250042000294.

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The effects of cognitive capacity, perceived parenting, traumatic events, and activity, which were ” rst measured in the midst of the political violence of the Intifada in 1993, were examined on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), emotional disorders, school performance, and neuroticism three years later in more peaceful conditions among 86 Palestinian children of 14.04 ± 0.79 years of age. The results showed, ” rst, that PTSD was high among the children who had been exposed to a high level of traumatic events and had responded passively (not actively) to Intifada violence. Discrepant perceived parenting was also decisive for adjustment: Children who perceived their mothers as highly loving and caring but their fathers as not so showed a high level of PTSD. High intellectual but low creative performance was also characteristic of the children suffering from emotional disorders. Second, the hypothesis that cognitive capacity and activity serve a resiliency function if children feel loved and nonrejected at home was confirmed. Third, neuroticism decreased significantly over the three years, especially among the children who had been exposed to a high number of traumatic events.

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Samoilova, Olena, and Volodymyr Ponomariov. "Adjustment disorders of children patients from internally displaced families." ScienceRise: Medical Science, no. 5 (25) (July 31, 2018): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4798.2018.139783.

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Al-Yagon, Michal, and Mario Mikulincer. "Socioemotional and Academic Adjustment Among Children with Learning Disorders." Journal of Special Education 38, no. 2 (August 2004): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00224669040380020501.

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Fergusson, David, and John Horwood. "Adoption and Adjustment in Adolescence." Adoption & Fostering 22, no. 1 (April 1998): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857599802200105.

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David Fergusson and L John Horwood examine findings from a longitudinal study of the outcomes of adoption in a birth cohort of 1,262 New Zealand children studied from birth to the age of 16 years. This study suggested that children who entered adoptive families were advantaged throughout childhood in a number of areas including childhood experiences, standards of health care, family material conditions, family stability and mother/child interaction. However, the environmental advantages experienced by children who entered adoptive families were not directly reflected in the pattern of adolescent adjustment of this group. In particular, children placed in adoptive families had rates of externalising behaviours (including conduct disorders, juvenile offending and substance use behaviours) that were significantly higher than children reared in two-parent birth families but somewhat lower than those of children who entered single-parent families at birth.

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Milatovic, Jovan. "Traumatic brain injury and adjustment disorders." Medical review 70, no. 7-8 (2017): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1708249m.

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Introduction. Traumatic brain injury and reactive psychiatric disorders are universal health problems, both individually and in comorbidity. Traffic accidents are the most common cause of traumatic head injury, followed by falls, violence, and sports injuries. Due to the fact that they are associated with rapid, stressful events, they clearly trigger or generate reactive psychiatric disorders. What makes them special in this area is their organic substrate. Almost all patients with severe head injuries, more than half with moderate, and one tenth with mild head injuries suffer neuropsychiatric sequelae. Discussion and Conclusion. Among the published papers on this topic, prospective epidemiological analytical studies are dominant. Most articles deal with injured soldiers, injured children or adolescents. Recent papers emphasize the need for a timely, multidisciplinary care for the affected people and the primary community. It is very important to initiate early rehabilitation and psychotherapy. Due to non-specific and limited pharmacotherapeutic options, especially evident in organ damage and pediatric population, special attention is given to occupational, psychological rehabilitation, and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, as well as psycho-pharmacological drugs in case of clear clinical indications. As potentially the most important for further research, are the results on the genetic predisposition of individuals for clinical outcomes of associated conditions, structural and functional visualization of brain regions associated with specific psychological symptoms, and psycho-protective role of morphine and amnesia. Involvement of the wider community in a range of activities that contribute to poor outcomes is of utmost importance.

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Popovic-Deusic, Smiljka, Marija Mitkovic, Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic, Dusica Lecic-Tosevski, Saveta Draganic-Gajic, Olivera Aleksic-Hil, and Jelena Radosavljev-Kircanski. "Adjustment disorders in hospital treated adolescents: A follow-up study." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 140, no. 5-6 (2012): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1206344p.

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Introduction. Adjustment disorders represent a frequent diagnostic entity especially among adolescents. They involve a wide spectrum of various emotional and behaviour problems. Objective. The aim was to investigate characteristics of diagnostic category known as adjustment disorders among hospital treated adolescents for the first time at the Clinical Department for Children and Adolescents of the Institute of Mental Health in Belgrade, during five consecutive years, as well as to investigate the outcome of the disorder in follow-up period. Methods. We conducted a retrospective investigation of the first time hospital treated adolescents from Belgrade with discharge diagnosis of adjustment disorders during 2000-2004. The follow up was conducted 5-10 years after a first discharge from the hospital. Results. During the investigated period 75 adolescents from Belgrade were hospitalized for the first time with diagnosis adjustment disorder. From the studied patients the main sample was formed that included 24 (32%) males and 51 (68%) females. After 5-10 years a follow-up of 52 patients was conducted (sample at follow-up) which included 16 (30.77%) males and 36 (69.23%) females. Of the main sample, 70% of the patients were under follow-up. After the first hospitalization 58% of adolescents continued with further psychiatric treatment, either as rehospitalized or out-of-hospital patients. Conclusion. Our findings showed that 38% of adolescents under follow-up for 5-10 years after the first discharge from hospital with the diagnosis adjustment disorders had multiple hospitalizations. The outcome of the disorder among these patients was the worst, because three-quarters of the patients were rediagnosed in the follow-up period with a new psychiatric disorder, often from psychotic spectrum.

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RANGEL, L., M. E. GARRALDA, A. HALL, and S. WOODHAM. "Psychiatric adjustment in chronic fatigue syndrome of childhood and in juvenile idiopathic arthritis." Psychological Medicine 33, no. 2 (February 2003): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702006529.

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Background. High rates of psychopathology and of personality problems have been reported in children and adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). It is not clear whether this is consequent on the experience of chronic physical ill health. We compare psychiatric adjustment in children with CFS and in children suffering from another chronic physical disorder (juvenile idiopathic arthritis or JIA).Method. Our sample consisted of 28 children with CFS and 30 with JIA attending tertiary paediatric centres (age range, 11 to 18 years, mean 15, S.D. 2·3). In order to assess psychiatric status and functioning, we used the K-SADS psychiatric interviews, CGAS and Harter Self-Esteem Questionnaire with child subjects; behavioural questionnaires (CBCL) and child personality assessment interviews (PAS) with parent informants.Results. Psychiatric disorders in the year prior to interview had been present significantly more commonly in the CFS group (72% v. 34% in JIA) and were more impairing to them (CGAS scores of 45 v. 77). Most common diagnoses in both groups were depressive and anxiety disorders. Personality problems were also significantly more frequent in CFS subjects (48% disorder and 26% difficulty v. 11% and 11% in JIA). There were few differences between the two groups in self-esteem.Conclusions. Psychopathology and personality problems are common in children and adolescents with severe forms of CFS and cannot be explained strictly through the experience of chronic physical illness.

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Cadman, David, Michael Boyle, Peter Szatmari, and David R. Offord. "Chronic Illness, Disability, and Mental and Social Well-Being: Findings of the Ontario Child Health Study." Pediatrics 79, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.79.5.805.

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Chronic childhood illness, disability, and psychosocial problems are receiving major attention in current pediatric care. Much of the evidence associating chronic physical problems and mental health and adjustment problems has come from clinic-based studies and is often inconsistent in its conclusions. This paper reports the findings of the Ontario Child Health Study, an epidemiologic survey of 3,294 children 4 to 16 years of age in the general community, concerning the relationship of psychiatric disorders and social adjustment problems among children with chronic illness, medical conditions, and long-term disability in contrast to children free of chronic physical health problems. Age- and sex-adjusted risks for psychiatric disorders and social problems, compared with those for healthy peers, were calculated: children with both chronic illness and associated disability were at greater than threefold risk for psychiatric disorders and considerable risk for social adjustment problems. Children with chronic medical conditions, but no disability, were at considerably less risk: about a twofold increase in psychiatric disorders but little increased risk for social adjustment problems was observed. A relative underuse of specialized mental health services by children who might benefit supports the opinion that all physicians in the community who care for children with chronic health problems should become skilled in the recognition of existing or incipient mental health and social problems and familiar with preventive and treatment approaches that may lessen the excessive burden of psychosocial problems among those with chronic ill-health.

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Patel, Kevin R., Harrison H. Lee, Supriya Rastogi, Vivek Singam, Paras P. Vakharia, and Jonathan I. Silverberg. "Association of Psoriasis with Psychiatric Hospitalization in United States Children and Adults." Dermatology 235, no. 4 (2019): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499564.

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Background: Psoriasis is associated with psychosocial distress. Little is known about the relationship between psoriasis and mental health (MH) emergencies. Objective: To examine the associations of psoriasis and MH hospitalizations in the USA. Methods: Data from the 2002–2012 National Inpatient Sample were analyzed, including an approximately 20% sample of all US hospitalizations (n = 87,053,155 children and adults). Results: Hospitalization for MH disorders occurred more commonly in those with psoriasis compared to those without psoriasis (4.04 vs. 2.21%). In multivariable logistic regression models, psoriasis was associated with higher odds of admission for any MH disorder overall (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.32 [2.24–2.41]), as well as 9 of the 15 MH-specific disorders examined. Associated MH disorders included: anxiety, schizophrenia, personality disorder, depression, substance use disorders, history of MH disorder, alcohol-related disorders, adjustment disorders, and cognitive disorders. Children with versus those without psoriasis were also more likely to have a primary hospitalization for any MH disorder (2.82 [2.24–3.56]). Psoriasis inpatients were also more likely to have a primary hospitalization for any MH disorder compared to those with alopecia areata (1.99 [1.45–2.74]) or hidradenitis suppurativa (3.97 [3.49–4.52]). Psoriasis patients hospitalized with any MH disorder had higher mean [95% confidence interval] cost of inpatient care (USD 11,004 [10,846–11,241] vs. 9,547 [8,730–10,364]; p < 0.0001) compared to those without psoriasis, with USD 1,610,860 excess costs annually, with the majority of the costs coming from depression and mood disorders. Conclusions: Children and adults with psoriasis had increased hospitalization for multiple MH disorders, which were associated with a considerable financial burden.

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Wallander, Jan L., James W. Varni, Lina Babani, Heather Tweddle Banis, and Karen Thompson Wilcox. "Children With Chronic Physical Disorders: Maternal Reports of Their Psychological Adjustment." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 13, no. 2 (1988): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/13.2.197.

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Petrova, N. N., E. S. Lukiianova, D. V. Semenova, E. V. Bushueva, E. I. Smirnova, O. S. Tasakova, and M. A. Rastorgueva. "ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS OF CHILDREN IN THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF LIFE." "Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" 22, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2020-22-6-65-69.

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Clark, Hewitt B., Mark E. Prange, Barbara Lee, L. Adlai Boyd, Beth A. McDonald, and Elizabeth S. Stewart. "Improving Adjustment Outcomes For Foster Children With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders." Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 2, no. 4 (October 1994): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106342669400200403.

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Meyer, Katherine A., Brooke Ingersoll, and David Z. Hambrick. "Factors influencing adjustment in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders." Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 5, no. 4 (October 2011): 1413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.01.027.

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Ranjan, Rajeev, Manju Mehta, Rajesh Sagar, and Siddharth Sarkar. "Relationship of cognitive function and adjustment difficulties among children and adolescents with dissociative disorder." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 07, no. 02 (April 2016): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.176197.

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ABSTRACT Background and Aims: Although it has been suggested that children and adolescents with dissociative disorder have some cognitive deficits, the association of these cognitive impairments with adjustment difficulties has not been evaluated. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between cognitive functioning and adjustment difficulties in children and adolescents with dissociative disorder. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive assessment was carried out in the outpatient setting of child and adolescent psychiatric service in a tertiary care hospital. Fifty newly diagnosed children and adolescents with dissociative disorder were included. The cognitive functions were assessed by varied neuropsychological tests, and Bell’s adjustment inventory was used for assessing various domains of adjustment. Results: The mean age of the sample which comprised 40% males was 13.0 (±2.4) years. The mean intelligence quotient (IQ) of the sample was 90.6. Impairment in cognitive test was maximum for verbal working memory followed by sustained attention, visual learning and memory, and verbal retention and recall. Adjustment difficulties were greatest in the domains of self, followed by domains of health, school, and family. Significant association was found between the IQ and adjustment in school; visual learning and memory and adjustments in school and overall adjustment; and sustained attention and adjustment of health. Conclusions: Dissociative children have poor cognitive ability which may be related to poor adjustment scores.

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NEWCORN, JEFFREY H., and JAMES STRAIN. "Adjustment Disorder in Children and Adolescents." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 31, no. 2 (March 1992): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199203000-00021.

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Niemi, Laura T., Jaana M. Suvisaari, Jari K. Haukka, and Jouko K. Lönnqvist. "Childhood predictors of future psychiatric morbidity in offspring of mothers with psychotic disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 186, no. 2 (February 2005): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.186.2.108.

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BackgroundThe Helsinki High-Risk Study monitors women treated for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in Helsinki mental hospitals before 1975, their offspring, and controls.AimsTo compare the development of high-risk and control group children, and investigate which factors predicted future psychiatric disorders.MethodWe examined information from childhood and school health record cards of 159 high-risk and 99 control group offspring. Logistic regression was used to assess whether developmental abnormalities predicted later mental disorders.ResultsCompared with controls, children in the high-risk group had more emotional symptoms before school age, attentional problems and social inhibition at school age, and neurological soft signs throughout. Inthisgroup pre-school socia adjustment problems (OR=9.7, 95% CI 1.8–51.8) or severe neurological symptom: (Fisher's test, P=0.006) predicted future schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Social adjustment problems and emotional symptoms during school age predicted future non-psychotic psychiatric disorders.ConclusionsOur study supports the validity of neurological, emotional, social and behavioural markers as vulnerability indicators of psychotic and other mental disorders, particularly among children genetically at high risk of psychosis.

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Beebe, D., P. Repasky, and S. Kowalik. "Working with the Relational World of the Preschool Child using Psychodynamic Group Therapy." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71292-1.

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For over forty years, Bellevue Hospital's Therapeutic Nursery Program has been addressing the emotional problems of New York City preschoolers, aged two to five years, with the help of their families and other caregivers. Typical psychiatric disorders treated in the Therapeutic Nursery Program include anxiety disorders (separation anxiety, generalized anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder), disruptive behavior disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder), mood disorders, adjustment disorders and attachment disorders.We have found that group psychotherapy provides a safe and secure place where, through psychodynamic intervention, children can repair dysfunctional relationships, identify and express a full range of emotions, resolve cultural differences and develop age appropriate skills.Our Therapeutic Nursery Program employs a wide range of additional treatment modalities in order to reach the treatment goals. Individual or family sessions, as well as meetings with teachers and social service workers, are scheduled to address issues.We have also found that dyadic or sibling work is often needed to stop or reverse the development of inappropriate family relationships.One of our indications of a successful intervention is that either during or after their participation in the Therapeutic Nursery, children return to community-based daycare centers and preschools. We have also found that via participation in the Therapeutic Nursery program, families have opportunities to strengthen their ability to nurture their children, share successful parenting with other families and build pleasurable experiences with their children.

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Mуkhailova, E. А., and D. A. Mitelov. "Peculiarities of the microsocial environment in the formation of adjustment disorderin children with type 1 diabetes mellitus." Ukrainian Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology, no. 2 (July 16, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/ujpe2021-2-27.

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Currently, there is a global trend towards an increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1) among children and adolescents. It is characterized by a lifelong progressive course, manifested by endocrine and somatic disorders, as well as neurological and mental complications. The risk of the development of emotional disorders, cognitive dysfunction, adjustment disorder is largely determined by the microsocial environment of a child with DM 1. Objective — to study role of family in the formation of the disorders inmental and psychological health of children and adolescents with severe DM 1. Materials and methods. Examinations involved 285 patients with DM 1(126 children and 159 adolescents). The investigation design included clinical and psychopathological method, pathopsychological method, sociopsychological interviewing of a child and his/her family, test “Family sociogram”, projective picture tests “Housetreeman”, “Me and my disease”, “Kinetic picture of the family”. Results. It has been established that the level of psychological health of family of a child with DM 1 corresponded to the normal indicator in 20 % of cases. The factors have been determined that destabilize psychological health of the family, typology of family relationships with a sick child and their role in the formation of persistent neuropsychiatric complications. The factors of the microsocial environment affecting the formation of sociopsychological maladjustment of a child with DM were determined. The following risk factors of the formation of mental and neurological disorders in DM 1 children have been identified: the age of endocrine disease (DM)onset less than 7 years, the disease duration ≥ 5 years, frequent fluctuations in of glycemialevel, unsatisfactory self-control of the disease, late diagnosis of early and late complications related to the central nervous system, insufficient compliance, pathological types of family sociogram. An alternative method for diagnosing psychological problems in children and adolescents with diabetes the use of projective methods has shown a high information content of target detection for the correction of emotional and behavioral disorders in the conditions of system «Life with diabetes».Conclusions. Socio-psychological patterns of maladaptation of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitushave been identified, which is important for determining the strategy of therapeutic intervention, socio-psychological support and prevention of social handicap.

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O’Connor, Cliodhna, Johnny Downs, Hitesh Shetty, and Fiona McNicholas. "Diagnostic trajectories in child and adolescent mental health services: exploring the prevalence and patterns of diagnostic adjustments in an electronic mental health case register." European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 29, no. 8 (November 2, 2019): 1111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01428-z.

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Abstract Community-based epidemiological studies show transitions between psychiatric disorders are common during child development. However, little research has explored the prevalence or patterns of the diagnostic adjustments that occur in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). Understanding diagnostic trajectories is necessary to inform theory development in developmental psychopathology and clinical judgements regarding risk and prognosis. In this study, data from CAMHS clinical records were extracted from a British mental health case register (N = 12,543). Analysis calculated the proportion of children whose clinical records showed a longitudinal diagnostic adjustment (i.e. addition of a subsequent diagnosis of a different diagnostic class, at > 30 days’ distance from their first diagnosis). Regression analyses investigated typical diagnostic sequences and their relationships with socio-demographic variables, service use and standardised measures of mental health. Analysis found that 19.3% of CAMHS attendees had undergone a longitudinal diagnostic adjustment. Ethnicity, diagnostic class and symptom profiles significantly influenced the likelihood of a diagnostic adjustment. Affective and anxiety/stress-related disorders longitudinally predicted each other, as did hyperkinetic and conduct disorders, and hyperkinetic and pervasive developmental disorders. Results suggest that approximately one in five young service users have their original psychiatric diagnosis revised or supplemented during their time in CAMHS. By revealing the most common diagnostic sequences, this study enables policy makers to anticipate future service needs and clinicians to make informed projections about their patients’ likely trajectories. Further research is required to understand how young people experience diagnostic adjustments and their psychological and pragmatic implications.

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Nurfadhillah, Septy, Amalita Aziah Septiarini, Mitami Mitami, and Dewi Isnania Pratiwi. "Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus Slow Learner di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Cipete 4." ALSYS 2, no. 6 (November 4, 2022): 646–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/alsys.v2i6.623.

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Children with special needs are children who have their own individuality in terms of types and characteristics, which distinguish them from normal children in general. Learning difficulties are more related to psychological disorders such as frustration, anxiety, adjustment barriers and emotional disorders, so learning difficulties can be related to psychological factors, especially personality, adjustment disorders and self-confidence. This study aims to determine the learning difficulties experienced by students with special needs. The method used is descriptive using qualitative data analysis so that it becomes an easy-to-understand data exposure. The selection of research subjects consisted of one classroom teacher, one GPK teacher, and one student with special needs. The results showed that there were students with special needs who were categorized as slow learners. Students experience difficulties during the learning process such as difficulty recognizing letters and numbers.

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Yoshimasu, K., W. J. Barbaresi, R. C. Colligan, J. M. Killian, R. G. Voigt, A. L. Weaver, and S. K. Katusic. "P01-306-Adhd, gender, and psychiatric comorbidity in a populaiton-based birth cohort." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72017-x.

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IntroductionADHD is frequently associated with comorbid psychiatric disorders. However, epidemiologic studies in the general population are rare.ObjectiveTo evaluate associations between ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders using research-identified incident ADHD cases and population-based controls.MethodSubjects included a birth cohort of all children born 1976-1982 remaining in Rochester, MN after age five (n = 5718). Among them we identified 379 ADHD incident cases and 758 age-sex matched non-ADHD controls, passively followed to age 19. Through a systematic, multistaged process, utilizing detailed, routinely collected data, all psychiatric diagnoses confirmed by medical professionals were identified (n = 314 ADHD cases, n = 712 controls with research authorization). For each psychiatric disorder, cumulative incidence rates for subjects with and without ADHD were calculated; corresponding hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for sex, mothers age/education, were estimated using a Cox model. Associations between ADHD status and Internalizing-Externalizing dimensions were estimated using odds ratios (OR).ResultsADHD was associated with significantly increased risk for adjustment disorders (HR = 3.82), conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder (HR = 9.45), mood disorders (HR = 3.57), anxiety disorders (HR = 2.95), tic disorders (HR = 6.41), eating disorders (HR = 5.52), personality disorders (HR = 5.49), and substance-related disorders (HR = 4.04). When psychiatric comorbidities were classified on the Internalizing-Externalizing dimension, ADHD was strongly associated with coexisting internalizing/externalizing (OR = 10.6, vs none), and externalizing-only (OR = 10.0), disorders. No significant gender x ADHD interactions were observed.ConclusionThis population-based study confirms that children with ADHD are at significant risk for co-morbid psychiatric disorders. Besides treating the ADHD, clinicians should assess and monitor potential psychiatric comorbidities in children with ADHD.

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Nader-Grosbois, Nathalie, and Stéphanie Mazzone. "Emotion Regulation, Personality and Social Adjustment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Psychology 05, no. 15 (2014): 1750–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.515182.

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Mcdermott, Brett M., Mary Batik, Lynne Roberts, and Peter Gibbon. "Parent and Child Report of Family Functioning in a Clinical Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders Sample." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 4 (August 2002): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01043.x.

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Objective: To investigate parent and self-report of family dysfunction in children and adolescents with eating disorders. Further, to investigate family functioning differences across the eating disorders diagnostic groups; anorexia nervosa, eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and bulimia nervosa, and between the restricting and binge-purge eating disorders behavioural subtypes. Methods: The Family Adjustment Device General Functioning Scale (FAD-GFS) was administered to 100 children and their parents who presented consecutively at an eating disorders assessment clinic. DSM-IV eating disorders diagnoses in this group included 42 children diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, 26 with EDNOS, 12 with bulimia nervosa and 20 diagnosed as having no eating disorder. Results: Both the parent and child FAD-GFS report demonstrated high internal consistency supporting the suitability of this instrument for research with this sample. Parent and child reports were moderately positively correlated. Total scores for all eating disorders diagnostic categories were significantly higher than community norms. Anorexia nervosa, EDNOS and bulimia nervosa groups did not significantly differ on parent or child reports. FAD-GFS profiles for restricters and binge-purgers suggest higher levels of family dysfunction in the families of binge purgers. Conclusions: The FAD-GFS has suitable psychometric properties for use as a summary instrument with young people diagnosed with an eating disorder. However, more informative instruments assaying a greater range of constructs, especially in the impulsive, dyscontrol domain, are required to investigate differences among eating disorders diagnostic groups and behavioural subtypes.

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Brack, Marita T., and Deborah B. Erickson. "Maternal perceptions of children: Qualitative differences among mothers of behaviour problem and nonproblem children." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 18, no. 1 (2001): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200028297.

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AbstractOppositional defiant and conduct disorder are two of the most common childhood adjustment problems. Given the serious short-and long-term implications of these disorders, much research has focused on the assessment and treatment of these behaviour problems. However, most of the large body of literature on these problems has relied upon maternal responses to either forced-choice questions or directed questioning, limiting the qualitative input that the parent may contribute.The present study investigated the qualitative perceptions that mothers held of their child, with and without problems. Significant differences were found between mothers of clinical and nonclinical children. Many of the results supported past quantitative research, but there are new insights into the tendency of clinical parents not only to make more negative and critical comments about their child but also to qualify any positive remarks they made about the child.

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Woodside, D. Blake, Desi Brownstone, and Sandra Fisman. "The Dexamethasone Suppression Test and the Children's Depression Inventory in Psychiatric Disorders in Children." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 1 (February 1987): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378703200102.

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This open study attempts to evaluate the usefulness of objective diagnostic tests in the child and adolescent age group. Fifty-eight children admitted to a Child and Adolescent Psychiatric service were administered the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) or both. Rates of DST non-suppression were significantly elevated in children with major affective disorders (10/12) and in children suffering from adjustment disorders (3/18). Children with major depressions and conduct disorders both showed elevated scores on the CDI(p < 0.025), and these two groups did not significantly differ from each other on this measure. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.

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Lozada, Luis E., Cade M. Nylund, Gregory H. Gorman, Elizabeth Hisle-Gorman, Christine R. Erdie-Lalena, and Devon Kuehn. "Association of Autism Spectrum Disorders With Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia." Global Pediatric Health 2 (January 1, 2015): 2333794X1559651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x15596518.

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a common neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology. Studies suggest a link between autism and neonatal jaundice. A 1:3 matched case–control study was conducted with children enrolled in the Military Health System born between October 2002 and September 2009. Diagnostic and procedure codes were used for identifying ASD and hyperbilirubinemia. Two definitions for hyperbilirubinemia were evaluated: an inpatient admission with a diagnosis of jaundice and treatment with phototherapy. A total of 2917 children with ASD and 8751 matched controls were included in the study. After adjustment, there remained an association between ASD in children and an admission with a diagnosis of jaundice (odds ratio = 1.18; 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.31; P = .001) and phototherapy treatment (odds ratio = 1.33; 95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.69; P = .008). Children who develop ASD are more likely to have an admission with a diagnosis of jaundice in the neonatal period and more likely to require treatment for this jaundice.

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Mcevoy, Mary A., and Samuel L. Odom. "Social Interaction Training for Preschool Children with Behavioral Disorders." Behavioral Disorders 12, no. 4 (August 1987): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019874298701200406.

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The importance of early peer interaction for the development of positive outcomes on adult life adjustment measures has been well documented. Children who do not engage in social interaction, or do so at a depressed rate, do not have access to this avenue for skill development. The purpose of this article is to provide an illustrative review of the most recent advances in social interaction research for children who exhibit a wide range of behavioral disorders. Specifically, teacher-mediated, peermediated, and interpersonal problem-solving approaches to promoting social interaction are presented. In addition, factors which affect social interaction training such as type of activities, presence of socially competent peers, and subject characteristics are discussed. Finally, suggestions for further research are advanced.

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Eminson, D. Mary. "Somatising in children and adolescents. 2. Management and outcomes." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 7, no. 5 (September 2001): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.7.5.388.

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In this paper I outline the assessment, engagement and management of children and adolescents with somatising conditions. The major diagnostic groups, in rough order of prevalence, are adjustment, dissociative (transient and chronic), somatoform and factitious disorders and chronic fatigue. See Eminson (2001) for more detailed descriptions and subtypes.

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ten Have, M., R. de Graaf, J. van Weeghel, and S. van Dorsselaer. "The association between common mental disorders and violence: to what extent is it influenced by prior victimization, negative life events and low levels of social support?" Psychological Medicine 44, no. 7 (September 4, 2013): 1485–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713002262.

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BackgroundFew studies have been published on the association between mental disorders and violence based on general population studies. Here we focus on different types of violence, adjusting for violent victimization and taking account of the limitations of previous population studies.MethodData were used from the first two waves of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2), a nationally representative face-to-face survey of the general population aged 18–64 years (n = 6646). Violence was differentiated into physical and psychological violence against intimate partner(s), children or any person(s) in general. DSM-IV diagnoses were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0).ResultsPsychological violence occurs considerably more frequently than physical violence, but both showed almost identical associations with mental disorders. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, most of the main categories of common mental disorders were associated with violence. The strongest associations were found for externalizing disorders (substance use, impulse-control, antisocial personality disorder). After additional adjustment for violent victimization, negative life events and social support, most diagnostic correlates lost their significance whereas substance use (in particular alcohol) disorders were still associated with most types of violence.ConclusionsThe increased risk of violent offending among people with common mental disorders, other than substance use disorders, can be attributed to factors other than their mental illness.

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Williams, Janet K., Ann Marie McCarthy, Helga Bragadottir, and David Reed. "School Nurses’ Experiences, Concerns, and Knowledge of Growth Disorders in Children: Development of a Monograph." Journal of School Nursing 18, no. 1 (February 2002): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405020180010601.

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Growth disorders may be associated with difficult psychosocial adjustment, learning problems, and specific health risks. Appropriate school health programming relies on school nurses who are skilled in growth assessment, management of psychosocial and behavioral problems, and effective communication with school personnel, children, families, and health care resources. A monograph and model individualized healthcare plans were developed for growth disorders in school-age children as an educational resource for school nurses. Knowledge of growth disorders among nurses receiving the monograph was evaluated in a random sample of 336 school nurses, members of the National Association of School Nurses. Knowledge of growth assessment and individualized health care plans for children with specific growth disorders was significantly higher in the group of school nurses who received the monograph. Specific obstacles to implementing school-based health care for children with growth disorders are discussed.

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Barbin, Jane M., D. A. Williamson, T. M. Stewart, D. L. Reas, J. M. Thaw, and A. S. Guarda. "Psychological adjustment in the children of mothers with a history of eating disorders." Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 7, no. 1 (March 2002): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03354427.

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Berg, Birgit, and Matthew Hodes. "Adult Psychiatrists' Knowledge of the Adjustment of Children whose Mothers have Eating Disorders." European Eating Disorders Review 5, no. 1 (March 1997): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0968(199703)5:1<25::aid-erv186>3.0.co;2-2.

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Bijjal, Somashekhar, Jannatbi Iti, Fakirappa B. Ganiger, Jitendra Mugali, and Raju G. Mahadevappa. "Psychiatry Disorders and Sociodemographic Profile of the Victims of Assault Attending the Teaching Hospital—Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Psychosexual Health 4, no. 1 (January 2022): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26318318211068598.

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Background: According to World Health Organization, proportion of women experiencing either physical or sexual violence ranges between 15% and 17%. In India, one-third of women population in 15 to 49 age group experiences sexual assault at least once in their life, predisposing them to develop psychiatric disorders. Aims and Objectives: To assess prevalence of psychiatry disorders among victims of assault attending tertiary care center. Methodology: It is a retrospective, record-based study which was conducted among 216 victims of assault attending one-stop center. Study was started after obtaining Institutional Ethical Committee clearance and permissions from concerned authorities and confidentiality was maintained throughout the study. Data was analyzed by frequency, proportion, and chi-square tests using SPSS version 16. Results: Out of 216 victims, 50% were physically assaulted and 50% were sexually assaulted. Among 108 sexual assault cases, 81.5% victims were raped, 2.7% were sexually harassed, 1.9% was sexually abused, and 13.9% children were sexually abused. A total of 30.1% had adjustment disorder, 11.6% had dysthymia, 8.3% had mild depression, 5.6% had moderate depression, 0.5% had obsessive-compulsive disorder, 0.5% had psychosis, and 43.5% did not have any psychiatry disorder. Conclusion: Majority of the sexually assaulted victims belonged to age group 16 to 20 years and had adjustment disorder, whereas physically assaulted victims belonged to age group above 36 years and had dysthymia and depression. Special services like medical care, counseling, legal aid, and so on should be provided to victims free of charge. Awareness and sensitization programs should be done through active community participation for the welfare of children and women.

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Çeri, V., Ü. Özer, and S. Nasıroğlu. "Psychiatric evaluation Ezidi Iraqi refugee children who settle in refugee camp in Turkey." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.456.

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ObjectiveWe aimed to review the distribution of diagnoses in children and adolescents evaluated by a child psychiatrist, in refugee camps in Diyarbakır, Cizre and Silopi province of Turkey.MethodsSociodemographic data, psychiatric complaints and distribution of psychiatric diagnoses of 38 children and adolescents living in refugee camps in Diyarbakır, Cizre and Silopi were evaluated. Psychiatric diagnoses were made according to DSM-5 criteria but some diagnoses as conversion disorder were also mentioned even tough they were not included in DSM-5.ResultsThe sample consisted of 22 female and 16 male children and adolescents. The mean age was 12.1 ± 4.5 and the range was 2–18 years. The mean duration of residency in the camp was 23.2 ± 3.9 days. The most common symptom was sleep problems. The most frequently seen psychiatric disorder was depressive disorder (36.8%) and at least two comorbidities were detected in 50% of children and adolescents. This diagnosis was followed by conversion disorder (28.9%), adjustment disorder (21.8%), acute stress disorder (18.4%), enuresis nocturna (18.4%), post-traumatic stress disorder (10.5%), separation anxiety disorder (10.5%), somatization disorder (7.8%), selective mutism (2.5%) and night terror (2.5%) respectively.ConclusionThe study revealed that in refugee children and adolescents, starting from the early days of the migration period, various psychiatric symptoms and disorders might be seen. Therefore, it is essential to integrate psychosocial support units into the aid and support programs for refugees and quite important to observe and treat children in terms of psychiatric disorders, starting from the early days of the migration period.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Cummings, Louise. "Pragmatic disorders and their social impact." Pragmatics and Society 2, no. 1 (May 23, 2011): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.2.1.02cum.

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Pragmatic disorders in children and adults have been the focus of clinical investigations for approximately 40 years. In that time, clinicians and researchers have established a diverse range of pragmatic phenomena that are disrupted in these disorders. Pragmatic deficits include problems with the use and understanding of speech acts, the processing of non-literal language, failure to adhere to Gricean maxims in conversation and discourse deficits. These deficits are found in several clinical populations including individuals with autistic spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury and right-hemisphere damage. However, what is less often investigated is the social impact of pragmatic disorders on the children and adults who are affected by them. In this paper, I examine what is known about pragmatic disorders in these clinical groups. I then consider the wider social consequences of these disorders, where consequences are broadly construed to include factors that act as indicators of social adjustment.

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Tsai, Jeng-Dau, I.-Chung Wang, Hsuan-Ju Chen, Ji-Nan Sheu, Tsai-Chung Li, Henry J. Tsai, and Chang-Ching Wei. "Trend of nocturnal enuresis in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan." Journal of Investigative Medicine 65, no. 2 (October 12, 2016): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000223.

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and nocturnal enuresis are common disorders with extensive psychosocial suffering in affected children, and healthcare burden on parents. Whether the childhood psychological disorders and nocturnal enuresis are factors contributing to ADHD have not been clearly established. This study conducted a population-based case–control study using data sets from the National Health Research Insurance database, and identified 14 900 children diagnosed with ADHD. Risk factors that have been associated with or possibly related to ADHD development were included in this study. Performance of in groups of ADHD with enuresis was compared with controls. With adjustment for potential covariates, participants with enuresis exhibited a 2.24-fold greater risk of subsequent ADHD development compared with controls (95% CI 1.84 to 2.73). Participants with enuresis and comorbidity had a significantly greater risk of ADHD than those with no enuresis and no comorbidity (adjusted OR=8.43, 95% CI 4.38 to 16.2). Children who are assessed for ADHD should be evaluated for the presence of enuresis or other neurobehavioral comorbidities. Multidisciplinary treatment may benefit children with ADHD and minimize psychological burden on parents.

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Halfon, Neal, Gale Berkowitz, and Linnea Klee. "Mental Health Service Utilization by Children in Foster Care in California." Pediatrics 89, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 1238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.89.6.1238.

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An examination of Medi-Cal-paid claims was undertaken to assess the utilization of mental health services by children in California's foster care system. Using unduplicate counts of service use and diagnoses, it was determined that children in foster care account for 41% of all users of mental health services even though they represent less than 4% of Medi-Cal-eligible children. When partitioned into specific service categories, children in foster care account for 53% of all psychologist visits, 47% of psychiatry visits, 43% of Short Doyle/Medi-Cal inpatient hospitalization in public hospitals, and 27% of inpatient psychiatric hospitals. Expenditure for services paralleled utilization frequency. When compared to the non-foster care Medi-Cal-eligible child population, children in foster care have 10 to 20 times the rate of utilization per eligible child for selected services. For children in foster care, 75% of all diagnoses for billed service were accounted for by four diagnoses: adjustment disorders (28.6%), conduct disorders (20.5%), anxiety disorders (13.8%), and emotional disorders (11.9%), with clear age-related differences in the distribution of diagnoses.

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Flakierska, Natalia, Marianne Lindström, and Christopher Gillberg. "School Refusal: a 15–20-year Follow-up Study of 35 Swedish Urban Children." British Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. 6 (June 1988): 834–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.6.834.

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Results from a 15–20-year follow-up study of 35 7–12–year-old children with school refusal and 35 age- and sex-matched comparison children are reported. The school refusal cases had applied for out-patient adult psychiatric care more often than comparison children. Also they had fewer children of their own. In respect of overall social adjustment and severe psychiatric disorders requiring in-patient treatment, there were no important differences.

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Devine, Katie A., Eric A. Storch, Gary R. Geffken, Marianna Freddo, Jamie L. Humphrey, and Janet H. Silverstein. "Prospective study of peer victimization and social-psychological adjustment in children with endocrine disorders." Journal of Child Health Care 12, no. 1 (March 2008): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493507085620.

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Dempsey, Allison G., Ashlie Llorens, Christie Brewton, Simmi Mulchandani, and Robin P. Goin-Kochel. "Emotional and Behavioral Adjustment in Typically Developing Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 42, no. 7 (October 8, 2011): 1393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1368-9.

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ANTHONY, Sheila Maria da Rocha. "A criança com transtorno de ansiedade: seus ajustamentos criativos defensivos." PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDIES - Revista da Abordagem Gestáltica 15, no. 1 (2009): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18065/rag.2009v15n1.8.

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The article presents a clinical view of children with anxiety disorders from a theoretical Gestalt-Therapy standpoint. Gestaltic principles embrace the existential totality of the child and emphasize constant interactions in the organism/environment field, represented by child-other-world unity. In each situation there is always the child, the world of objects and the world of the other that form a net of forces interconnected. Enhancing the value of this inseparable unity, Gestalt therapy accentuate the impossibility of knowing and understanding a behavior, pathology or personality without taking into account the child within its family, social, school context. Children with anxiety disorders experience phobias that reveal belief in a hostile, dangerous and threatening world, built upon unresolved childhood dramas of their parents, that are projected onto the child. Facing up to this terrifying world make use of creative adjustments that are defensive behaviors to relieve anxiety, satisfy an important need in the field and avoid damage in interactions with the significant other. Each psychopathology reveals a personality with its own specific psychological characteristics, defense mechanisms and contact dilemmas.

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Brown, Ronald T., Nadine J. Kaslow, Avi Madan-Swain, Karla J. Doepke, Sandra B. Sexson, and Lauren J. Hill. "PARENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CHILDREN'S ADJUSTMENT TO LEUKEMIA." Pediatrics 94, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): A54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.5.a54.

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Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parental psychopathology and psychosocial functioning of children in whom acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) has been diagnosed. Method: The sample consisted of 61 mother-child dyads. Twenty-one (34%) mothers met DSM-III-R criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder based on a Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnosis (SCID). Results: Findings revealed that compared with children whose mothers did not meet DSM-III-R criteria for a psychiatric disorder, children with mothers who evidenced a psychiatric disorder self-reported more anxiety and a maladaptive attributional style and were reported by their mothers as evidencing more depression and a range of internalizing behavioral symptoms. Conclusions: Although our earlier research suggested that ALL children show relatively few symptoms of psychopathology, the present report reveals high rates of psychiatric difficulties in the mothers of ALL youth. These findings and their implications are discussed within a model that incorporates behavioral pediatrics and developmental psychopathology.

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Fergusson, D. M., G. F. H. McLeod, L. J. Horwood, N. R. Swain, S. Chapple, and R. Poulton. "Life satisfaction and mental health problems (18 to 35 years)." Psychological Medicine 45, no. 11 (March 25, 2015): 2427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715000422.

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BackgroundPrevious research has found that mental health is strongly associated with life satisfaction. In this study we examine associations between mental health problems and life satisfaction in a birth cohort studied from 18 to 35 years.MethodData were gathered during the Christchurch Health and Development Study, which is a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 children, born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1977. Assessments of psychiatric disorder (major depression, anxiety disorder, suicidality, alcohol dependence and illicit substance dependence) using DSM diagnostic criteria and life satisfaction were obtained at 18, 21, 25, 30 and 35 years.ResultsSignificant associations (p < 0.01) were found between repeated measures of life satisfaction and the psychiatric disorders major depression, anxiety disorder, suicidality, alcohol dependence and substance dependence. After adjustment for non-observed sources of confounding by fixed effects, statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) remained between life satisfaction and major depression, anxiety disorder, suicidality and substance dependence. Overall, those reporting three or more mental health disorders had mean life satisfaction scores that were nearly 0.60 standard deviations below those without mental health problems. A structural equation model examined the direction of causation between life satisfaction and mental health problems. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) reciprocal associations were found between life satisfaction and mental health problems.ConclusionsAfter adjustment for confounding, robust and reciprocal associations were found between mental health problems and life satisfaction. Overall, this study showed evidence that life satisfaction influences mental disorder, and that mental disorder influences life satisfaction.

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Pless, Ivan Barry, Geoffery Dougherty, Barbara Willard, Nancy Feeley, Laurie Gottlieb, and Kathleen Rowat. "A Randomized Trial of a Nursing Intervention to Promote the Adjustment of Children with Chronic Physical Disorders." Pediatrics 94, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.1.70.

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Objective. This study was conducted to determine whether a specialized form of nursing could help prevent or reduce psychosocial maladjustment among children, aged 4 to 16 years, with chronic physical disorders. In contrast to other studies, nurses were chosen to provide the intervention based on their central role in health care and the appropriateness of their training for this task. Methodology. A clinical trial was conducted in which 332 children and their families were randomly assigned either to receive this specialized nursing for a 1-year period, or to remain in the control condition. The children were all active outpatients in nine clinics at the Montreal Children's Hospital. Three measures of psychosocial functioning administered before and after the intervention were the basis for assessing its efficacy. The measures included the behavior problems profile of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist, the Personal Adjustment and Role Skills, completed by the parents, and two versions of the Self-Perception Profile (Harter) for children aged 4 to 7 years and 8 to 16 years. Results. Differences between groups were examined both categorically and quantitatively. In the former, the percent of children with clinical scores (those above or below a cut-off indicative of maladjustment) at baseline and postintervention were compared In the latter, the mean scores at the end of the trial were analyzed using analysis of covariance with the baseline scores as covariates. Statistically significant positive differences were found in the domain of anxiety/depression on the Personal Adjustment and Role Skills, and in the areas of scholastic competence, behavior, and global self-worth on the Harter. Conclusion. The results indicate that this intervention helps children with chronic disorders by preventing or reducing maladjustment Most university-prepared nurses already have the basic skills required to achieve these results; only a modest investment in reorientation may be needed. Thus, other pediatric centers should be able to replicate these findings and thereby take a major step toward improving the lives of children with chronic disorders.

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Weiss, Jonathan A., Aranda Wingsiong, and Yona Lunsky. "Defining crisis in families of individuals with autism spectrum disorders." Autism 18, no. 8 (November 19, 2013): 985–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313508024.

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Parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder often report higher levels of depression, anxiety, and mental health–related issues. The combination of stressors and family adjustment difficulties can cause distress which may develop into a crisis. Understanding crisis in the family is important to mental health practice since it can serve as a guide in delivering service to at-risk families. This study investigated the subjective experience of crisis in 155 mothers of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Thematic analysis revealed that crisis is characterized by factors influencing four major areas: demands, internal capabilities, external resources, and subjective appraisal. Understanding what crisis means to families of individuals with autism spectrum disorder can help inform effective preventative and crisis services.

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GÜLLER, Barış, and Ferhat YAYLACI. "İletişim bozukluğu tanılı çocuklarda duygusal davranışsal sorunlar, ebeveyn tutum özellikleri, ebeveyn stres düzeyi ve ilişkili faktörlerin sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırılması." Cukurova Medical Journal 47, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1125720.

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Purpose: We aimed to compare emotional and behavioral problems, parental attitude characteristics, and the risk of parental anxiety and depression between children diagnosed with a communication disorder and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 117 children diagnosed with a communication disorder in the psychiatric evaluation according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and their parents were included in the communication disorder group, whereas 105 children who presented to the outpatient clinics other than child psychiatry and were not diagnosed with a communication disorder, and their parents formed the control group. Sociodemographic Data Form, Child Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scale (CAPES-TR), The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire-Short Form (PSDQSF), and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) were filled in by the parents. Results: Psychiatric comorbidity was found in 27.3% of the children in the communication disorder group, with the most common diagnoses being Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (n=17, 15.5%) and Conduct disorder (n=4, 3.6%). CAPES-TR child adjustment total difficulty score and the mean scores of emotional problems and behavioral problems were higher in the communication disorder group. The mean CAPES-TR parental self-efficacy score was lower in the communication disorder group. In the communication disorder group, democratic parenting attitudes were lower , whereas authoritarian and permissive parenting attitudes were higher. HAD-D mean score was higher in the communication disorder group. Conclusion: Our study provides essential information such as an increase in emotional and behavioral problems, more authoritarian or permissive parenting attitudes, a decrease in parental self-efficacy, an increased risk of depression in parents in the presence of communication disorder, and studies that deal with these areas together are limited in the literature. Our findings will contribute to the literature regarding the assessment and planning of appropriate intervention programs for factors that are not only child-focused but also related to parental mental health and parenting skills in the presence of communication disorders.

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Bertrand, Valérie, Lyvia Tiburce, Thibaut Sabatier, Damien Dufour, Pierre Déchelotte, and Marie-Pierre Tavolacci. "Estimated Prevalence and Care Pathway of Feeding and Eating Disorders in a French Pediatric Population." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13062048.

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Feeding and Eating Disorders (FED) are mostly described in infants and adolescents but are less well-known in children. Information on the prevalence of FED in the general pediatric population is still limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and the care pathway of FED in a population aged 0–18 years old, using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 classification. Two physicians interviewed 401 families using a questionnaire including demographics, BMI, dietary behavior data, and age-appropriate screening tools. Qualitative and quantitative variables were compared using the Chi2 test and Student’s t-test, respectively. After a headcount adjustment based on the French population by age group, the estimated prevalence rate was 3% [95%CI (1.7–5.1)] for Avoidant and Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), and 9.7% [95%CI (7.2–13.0)] for Unspecified FED (UFED), which included other restrictive and compulsive FED. The median age for ARFID was 4.8 years (0.8–9 years), and 7.5 years (0.6–17 years) for UFED. The interviews did not identify cases of anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder, other specified FED, pica or rumination. Only 15.2% of children with an FED were receiving medical care. The development of validated pediatric screening tools, as well as the training of health professionals in children FED is necessary.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Adjustment disorders in children'

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