Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Adictiva'
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Ojeda, Magdalena María. "Análisis económico del comportamiento adictivo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 2015. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/6939.
Full textFil: Ojeda, Magdalena María. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
Naranjo, Pinto Jorge Alberto. "La influencia de la conducta adictiva a internet en el desarrollo moral de adolescentes escolarizados de Quito - Ecuador." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/83430.
Full textChaves, Tharcila Viana [UNIFESP]. "A vivência da fissura por crack: rebaixamento de valores e estratégias utilizadas para o controle." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/8856.
Full textObjetivo: Entender, através do discurso de quem já consumiu crack: como a fissura se processa, quais os comportamentos desenvolvidos sob fissura e quais as estratégias utilizadas pelo usuário para interferir na fissura. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo com amostra intencional por critérios, constituída por usuários (n=31) e ex-usuários (n=9) de crack, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 50 anos. Os investigados, pertencentes a 12 cadeias distintas, foram recrutados pela técnica da bola de neve e foram submetidos à entrevista semi-estruturada em profundidade, até que fosse atingido o ponto de saturação teórica da amostra. Após a transcrição literal das entrevistas, seguiu-se a análise do conteúdo para assim se elaborar inferências e hipóteses alicerçadas nesses discursos. Resultados e Discussão: Os 40 entrevistados estavam igualmente distribuídos quanto ao gênero, abrangiam todos os níveis de escolaridade e a maior parte possuía poucos recursos financeiros. Além da fissura sentida na abstinência de crack e da fissura induzida por pistas ambientais e emocionais, já conhecidas, constatou-se um terceiro tipo de fissura, a induzida pelo próprio efeito do crack. Assim que o usuário dá a primeira tragada desenvolve uma compulsão pelo consumo, levando-o ao uso ininterrupto, até que o estoque de droga acabe ou ele chegue à exaustão. Este tipo de fissura apareceu como um forte fator mantenedor dos episódios binge de consumo, os quais foram os maiores responsáveis pelo rebaixamento de valores do usuário, sujeitando-os a práticas não convencionais para a obtenção da droga e a fortes eventos de agressividade. Os entrevistados não só possuem estratégias para o alívio da fissura, como também possuem táticas para evitar o seu desenvolvimento, tanto de ordem farmacológica quanto comportamental. Conclusões: A fissura por crack, entre outros sintomas, desencadeia compulsão, comportamento de risco, sofrimento, agressividade e padrão binge de consumo, o qual pode estar relacionado ao desenvolvimento de dependência. Os binges de consumo de crack podem ser causados pela fissura induzida pelo próprio efeito do crack. A existência de medidas do próprio usuário para lidar com a sua fissura por crack pode ser uma ferramenta importante para o aprimoramento de seu tratamento.
Objective: To understand, through the discourse of individuals who have already consumed crack: how their cravings proceed; what behavioral patterns are developed with such cravings and what strategies users follow to hold back their cravings. Methodology: This was a qualitative study using an intentional sample with selection criteria, composed of crack users (n=31) and former users (n=9) of both sexes, aged 18 to 50 years. The subjects belonged to 12 different chains and were recruited using the snowballing technique. In-depth semi-structured interviews were held with recruits until the theoretical data saturation point of the sample was reached. The interviews were transcribed literally and the scripts then underwent content analysis in order to elaborate grounded inferences and hypotheses from the discourse. Results and Discussion: The interviewees were equally distributed regarding gender. They ranged over all educational levels and most of them had little money. In addition to the known cravings felt through abstaining from crack and through environmental and emotional paths, a third type of craving was observed, induced by the effect of the crack itself. As soon as the users took the first drag, they developed a compulsion to consume it, leading them to uninterrupted use until the supply ran out or they reached exhaustion. This type of craving appeared to be a strong factor in maintaining episodes of bingeing. Such episodes were the greatest factors responsible for lowering users’ values, thereby impelling them to act unconventionally to obtain the drug, with highly aggressive events. The interviewees not only had strategies for relieving their cravings, but also had tactics to avoid their development, both of pharmacological and of behavioral nature. Conclusions: The craving by crack, among other symptoms, triggers compulsion, risk behavior, suffering, aggression and binge pattern of consumption, which may be related to the development of dependence. Bingeing on crack may be caused by the craving that the effect of the crack itself induces. Users’ own measures for dealing with their cravings for crack may constitute an important tool for improving their treatment.
TEDE
Humberg, Lygia Vampré. "Relacionamentos adictivos, um estudo psicanalítico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-27032015-125322/.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of addictive relations through the analysis of cases showing the conjugal relationship experience as a sort of addiction. I will show an understanding of addictions based on Donald Winnicotts perspective who considered addiction as a problem whose origin is connected with failures occurred during the transitional phase as well as based on the unfolding of this perspective by Joyce McDougall who broadened Winnicotts point of view and draw our attention to the phenomenon she called addictive relations. Consequently, I try to show that addictive relations correspond to defense modes against three types of anxiety, namely: unthinkable anxieties, those resulting from failures in experiencing transitional phenomena and, at last, deprivation when individuals already have a certain psychic organization enabling the differentiation between Me and Not-me
Gallego, Moreno Xavier. "Genes candidatos para la comorbilidad entre trastornos de ansiedad y trastornos adictivos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/899.
Full text1) HIPÓTESIS:
La comorbilidad entre trastornos de ansiedad y de abuso de sustancias es un hecho bien establecido y que tiene importantes implicaciones clínicas, terapéuticas y pronósticas. Si bien los mecanismos patogenéticos de cada uno de estos trastornos por separado se conocen relativamente bien, el mecanismo que subyace a la comorbilidad no está bien delimitado. Se ha propuesto la existencia de factores genéticos, neurobiológicos y/o ambientales comunes a ambos trastornos, pero todavía no está claro qué genes podrían estar implicados o ser predisponenentes a esta comorbilidad. Nosotros proponemos que los factores genéticos de susceptibilidad para la patología dual deberían modular componentes de desarrollo, y componentes funcionales, que están implicados en la coexistencia entre ambos trastornos. Por esta razón el trabajo, se centra en genes de dos familias: el receptor de la neurotrofina-3 (NTRK3) y un cluster que contiene los genes de las subunidades, α3, α5, β4 de receptores nicotínicos (CHRNA3/A5/B4). Así, NTRK3 podría participar en el desarrollo y los mecanismos adaptativos a través de su implicación en proliferación, diferenciación y plasticidad neuronal, mientras que el cluster CHRNA3/A5/B4 podría estar implicado en la activación de circuitos neuronales específicos que podrían ser comunes a ambos trastornos.
2) OBJETIVOS:
El objetivo general de esta tesis ha consistido en el estudio de la posible implicación funcional de los genes objeto de estudio en elementos de la comorbilidad entre trastornos de ansiedad y abuso de sustancias mediante el uso de ratones transgénicos como modelo de aproximación experimental. Para ello hemos caracterizado el impacto de la sobreexpresión in vivo de los genes NTRK3 y CHRNA3/A5/B4 sobre el fenotipo conductual, neuromorfológico y neurofisiológico.
Dado que intentamos comprender los mecanismos implicados en la comorbilidad entre el abuso de drogas y los trastornos de ansiedad, pero también delimitar las regiones cerebrales responsables de la co-ocurrencia de estos dos trastornos se han realizado estudios conductuales, farmacológicos con drogas de abuso como morfina o nicotina, y experimentos de caracterización histológica y molecular.
3) CONCLUSIONES:
Como conclusión general, los resultados obtenidos demuestran que alteraciones en los niveles de expresión de genes tan diferentes como los factores neurotróficos o los receptores nicotínicos, pueden modificar la actividad de regiones cerebrales implicadas en la aparición simultánea de diferentes trastornos psiquiátricos. De nuestros experimentos se desprende que el sistema mesocorticolímbico, junto con regiones troncoencefálicas como el LC, jugaría un papel clave en la comorbilidad de trastornos como la ansiedad, la adicción o la epilepsia. Un mecanismo de convergencia podría depender de los cambios en receptores glutamatérgicos, que son elementos clave en la plasticidad neuronal. Nuestros resultados apoyan la naturaleza poligénica de la patología dual y sugieren que los cambios de dosis de determinados genes podrían ejercer un papel esencial en la morbilidad de la misma.
This Doctoral Thesis has been focused on understanding the mechanisms and the cerebral regions implicated in the commorbidity between drug abuse and anxiety disorders. To this aim we have focused on two families of genes that may act as genetic interface to the commorbidity between these neuropsychiatric disorders: 1/ neurotrophins, that may interfere in neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity, and 2/ elements of specific neurotransmitter systems such as nicotinic receptors, that have been implicated in addiction and anxiety, previously demonstrated by pharmacological studies. Our hypothesis proposes the existence of a development component and a functional component in the generation of an addictive and anxious brain. To this study we used two mouse models: 1/ A transgenic mouse model overexpressing the neurotrophin-3 receptor, TrkC (TgNTRK3), since it has been implicated in plasticity, proliferation and cellular differentiation with a possible pathogenetic intervention in the dual pathology, such as the noradrenergic system, and 2/ A transgenic mouse model overexpressing the α3, α5, β4 nicotinic receptor subunits (TgCHRNA3/A5/B4), candidates to the development of psychiatric disorders and addiction. To determine the gene overexpression effects on the appearance of this dual pathology we have performed pharmacological studies using drug abuse, such as nicotine and morphine. The results obtained suggest that alterations in the expression levels of these genes could be modifying the activity of different cerebral regions responsible for the commorbidity between both disorders in transgenic mouse models. Thus, our experiments suggest that the mesocorticolimbic system, as well brainstem regions, such as the Locus coeruleus, would play a key role in the commorbidity between anxiety and addiction. That could be due to alterations on glutamatergic receptors, key elements in neuronal plasticity.
Astudillo, Gómez Valeria Guadalupe, and Hernández Haidée Abigail Pacheco. "Comparación del consumo de sustancias adictivas y calidad de vida entre hombres y mujeres de la región Zumpango." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/95062.
Full textHernández, Tenorio Belen Montserrat. "Estrés laboral y trastornos adictivos en empleados en trabajo desde casa (Home office): Análisis y propuestas." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/110422.
Full textEl objetivo principal de este trabajo fue conocer la relación entre el estrés laboral y los trastornos adictivos en trabajadores en la modalidad de la oficina en casa. Ello, para proponer acciones de manejo del estrés laboral y, en turno, disminuir la incidencia de las adicciones. La investigación realizada fue cuantitativa, no experimental y transversal. Se contó con una muestra de 45 sujetos que respondieron un cuestionario sobre las características del teletrabajo. Dicha muestra fue variada en cuanto a puestos y organizaciones, sin embargo, en todo caso, los sujetos contaban con la característica principal de estar trabajando en casa desde antes de la pandemia del COVID-19. Con base en el modelo JD-R, los resultados obtenidos mostraron que existen dos tipos de estrés que se relacionan directamente con la incidencia de los trastornos adictivos. Estos estreses fueron derivados de la falta de soporte organizacional y de seguridad laboral. Con base en los resultados obtenidos se proponen varias líneas de acción para mejorar el nivel de estrés en los trabajadores de la modalidad home office. Se concluye este trabajo con la confianza de poder ayudar a mejorar la calidad de vida de los empleados en cuestión // This research work´s main objective was to assess the relationship between work stress and addictive disorders in workers in the home office modality. This, to propose work stress management actions and, in turn, reduce the incidence of addictions. The research carried out was quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 45 subjects who answered an online questionnaire about the characteristics of telework. This sample was diverse in terms of positions and organizations included, however, in all cases, the subjects exhibited the main characteristic of being working from home before the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world. Against the backdrop of the JD-R model, the results showed that two types of stress are directly related to the incidence of addictive disorders. These stresses were derived from the lack of organizational support and job security. Based on the results, several lines of action are proposed to improve the stress level of home-office workers. This research endeavor is finished with the full confidence of helping the employees in mention to improve the quality of their work life.
Rodríguez, Ruiz Mar. "Heterómeros de receptores de dopamina D1 y de histamina H3 como potenciales dianas terapéuticas en trastornos adictivos y enfermedades neurodegenerativas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663444.
Full textReceptor interactions and assembly forming homodimers, heterodimers or oligomeric complexes is becoming widely accepted and constitutes an emerging area in the field of GPCR cell signaling. Receptor heteromers constitute novel therapeutic targets due to their possible specific location and their unique biochemical and functional properties, which are consequence of allosteric modulations. The histaminergic system has shown its ability to modulate multiple physiological processes, many of which are also regulated by dopamine, what suggest the necessity of an equilibrium and communication between both neurotransmitter systems. In this context, the results here presented show the relevant role of dopamine D1 and histamine H3 receptor heteromerization in different pathological processes as addiction, Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. In the pathophysiology of cocaine addiction, DAT inhibition and overactivated D1 receptors play an important role. Here we have described that cocaine could cause its effects by blocking the H3 receptor-mediated inhibition of D1 receptor function. This blockade requires cocaine binding to σ1 receptors in heterotrimeric σ1-D1-H3 receptor complexes and we propose combined therapy with σ1 and H3 antagonists to potentially reduce cocaine effects. D1 receptors are also overactivated in early Huntington’s disease, causing an imbalance in dopaminergic signaling and finally cell death. Here we have detected D1-H3 heteromers in cortex, striatum and hippocampus from a mice model of Huntington’s disease, whose treatment with thioperamide, an H3 antagonist, has shown the ability to prevent both cell death and cognitive impairment. High levels of glutamate have also been related to neuronal death in Alzheimer’s disease, caused by the excitotoxic effects of overactivated extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. Here we have discovered that D1 and H3 receptors are found forming heterotrimeric complexes with NMDA receptors in cortex from a mice model of Alzheimer’s disease and that H3 antagonists can negatively modulate the signaling and cell death induction by overactivated D1 or NMDA receptors. Finally, we have identified H3 receptor ligands able to allosterically modulate dopamine binding to D1 receptor and its functionality, besides the ability of pharmacologically-characterized distinct H3 receptor isoforms to form heteromers with D1, with NMDA and with both receptors, with important implications for histaminergic signaling.
Piña, Julio, Luis Fierros, and Moreno Humberto de la Cruz. "Behavioral Risk and Sociodemographic Predictors related to HIV infection and other STI's." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102265.
Full textSe evaluó a 1435 participantes con una prueba de laboratorio para detectar anticuerpos al VIH u otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITSs) entre 1999 y el 2000. Los resultados mostraron que (a) la mayoría acudió al Centro de Información para la Salud por primera vez; (b) La prueba de Elisa fue la más frecuentemente usada; (e) la mayoría de participantes son del género femenino y (d) el rango de edad está entre los 15 y 44 años. En relación con las conductas de riesgo, las del tipo sexual fueron las de mayor frecuencia; entre las adictivas, las del consumo de droga por vía intravenosa y alcohol fueron las más frecuentes. Correlaciones significativas, confirmadas con la prueba de bondad de ajuste Kolmogrov-Smirnov, fueron halladas entre las variables sociodemográficas.Al analizar la dimensión sexual sola y con droga intravenosa hubo una correlación significativa de la variable conductas de riesgo frente al resto de variables.
Álvarez, García Yolanda. "Evaluación de la eficacia de medicamentos empleados en el tratamiento de la dependencia de cocaína: Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de los fármacos antiepilépticos y antipsicóticos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285386.
Full textAccording to the World Drug Report 2013 of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), cocaine is the second most commonly used illegal psychoactive substance after cannabis in the world. At present, no treatment has been shown to be effective in treating cocaine addiction. This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of two different groups of drugs, anticonvulsants and antipsychotics, in the treatment of cocaine dependence. The working hypothesis relates antiepileptic drugs with an increased GABAergic activity and reduction of neuronal excitability with a better control of impulsivity which can be beneficial for the treatment of addiction. The hypothesis for antipsychotic drugs is that dopamine antagonists can help offset the effects of the increased dopamine release as a result of cocaine use. The study of both groups was based on a systematic literature review to select randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing the efficacy of antiepileptic and antipsychotic drugs with placebo and subsequent aggregation of results through meta-analysis. In the case of antiepileptic drugs, the meta-analysis included 15 clinical trials with a total of 7 different anticonvulsant drugs, 1236 patients were evaluated and loss to follow up was 50%. Two measures of effectiveness, treatment retention and cocaine consumption by measured by urinalysis, were evaluated. In the case of antipsychotic drugs, the meta-analysis included 12 clinical trials with a total of 5 different antipsychotics, 681 patients were evaluated and loss to follow up was 48%. Five measures of effectiveness, retention in treatment, cocaine consumption measured by urinalysis, reported cocaine consumption, craving for cocaine and addiction severity as measured by the ASI scale (Addiction Severity Index) were assessed. The meta-analysis of antiepileptic drugs did demonstrate their effectiveness neither in treatment retention (RR=0.99; 95%CI=0.90-1.11) nor in reducing cocaine consumption (RR=0.95; 95%CI=0.85-1.06), except for the case of topiramate in reducing consumption (RR=0.6; 95%CI=0.40-0.93). The additional capacity of topiramate as an antagonist of AMPA and kainate glutamate receptors, allows to build the hypothesis that relapse to cocaine use could be avoided by attenuating glutamatergic impulses that originate in response to cues in the environment that the addicted person associates with taking drugs. The meta-analysis of antipsychotic drugs did demonstrate the effectiveness of this class of drugs neither in treatment retention (RR=0.91; 95%CI =0.82-1.02) nor in reducing cocaine consumption (mean difference=0.01; 95%CI =-0.12–0.13), except in the case of rispedirone, which increased slightly but significantly treatment retention (RR=0.87; 95%CI=0.79–0.97). Interestingly, antipsychotic drugs were shown to be significantly less effective than placebo in reducing the desire to consume which allows to hypothesise that antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors may increase the craving for cocaine. This risk should be taken in consideration when administering antipsychotic treatments to patients with addictions. The problems associated with antagonism of D2 dopamine receptors in addiction therapy (depression, anhedonia, etc) could be attenuated by inhibition of the 5-HT2A serotonergic receptor.
Roma, Cristina Maria Nogueira. "Modelos de intervenção na área de reinserção social em comportamentos aditivos e dependências : evolução recente e perspectivas futuras." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/41287.
Full textAs políticas públicas relacionadas com os comportamentos aditivos e dependências (CAD) têm sofrido alterações nos últimos anos. Estes comportamentos têm repercussões na sociedade e apresentam-se como um problema de saúde pública. Com o desígnio de minimizar e reduzir o impacto do consumo de substâncias psicoativas tem havido uma aposta na reinserção nos últimos anos. As perturbações relacionadas com adições e comportamentos aditivos são uma constante no nosso dia-a-dia, a perspetiva de saúde mental pública. Assim, pretende-se avaliar a evolução da intervenção em reinserção na sociedade portuguesa e impactos das políticas nas práticas profissionais. Numa primeira fase é objetivo clarificar conceitos e um levantamento bibliográfico desta área, para no final se analisar a perspetiva de alguns profissionais relativamente as suas experiências e perceções sobre a reinserção e as perspetivas de futuro. Tudo isto leva a que a evolução nesta matéria de CAD, assente na constituição das equipas especializadas que consolidam a importância do trabalho em equipa multidisciplinar e interdisciplinar, onde todos desempenham um papel ativo e o doente é visto para além da parte física, médica, considerando-se o psico e o social imprescindíveis. A escolha do tema decorre da intervenção profissional do dia-a-dia e pretende ser um trabalho reflexivo pessoal, de curiosidade e aprofundamento de conhecimentos profissionais, podendo em algum momento ser útil aos promotores de políticas nesta área. O trabalho incide sobre a identificação e comparação de intervenções nesta vertente nomeadamente nos modelos implementados, contextualizando-os nos pressupostos sociais e políticos da sua implementação em Portugal. Este estudo apresentado é de cariz exploratório, onde não se pretende testar de hipóteses, mas identificar padrões e ideias, e refletir sobre o tema seguindo para isso uma metodologia qualitativa, procurando que as conclusões apresentadas tenham apenas um caracter descritivo, não pretendendo generalizar os resultados obtidos. A metodologia utilizada assenta na revisão bibliográfica e documental, incluindo legislação, realizando para o efeito uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando como método de recolha de dados a entrevistas semiestruturada. Ao nível dos resultados encontramos uma indefinição quanto às políticas que aparenta desinvestimento na área, desmotivação e desinteresse dos profissionais, aliada à necessidade de clarificação da orgânica dos serviços. Há uma evolução ao nível do reconhecimento da área pelos outros profissionais, sendo referida algumas dificuldades na articulação com algumas áreas profissionais. O Modelo de Intervenção em Reinserção (MIR) veio permitir uma uniformização de procedimentos e consequentemente da intervenção e que se repercute na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos utentes. Recomenda-se que haja mais formação, supervisão e trabalho em equipa, e que a aposta na avaliação dos serviços, das intervenções e do impacto destas seja motivo de reflexão. Na definição de intervenções futuras os parceiros são essenciais para a criação de um modelo de funcionamento comum
The public policies related to addictive behaviors and dependencies (CAD) have undergone changes in recent years. These behaviors have consequences for society and present themselves as a public health problem. The plan to minimize and reduce the impact of substance use has been a focus on reintegration in recent years. Disturbances related to additions and addictive behaviors are a constant in our day-to-day, the public mental health perspective. Thus, we intend to evaluate the progress of the intervention in reintegration into Portuguese society and impacts of policies on professional practices. In the first phase is aimed to clarify concepts and literature in this area, for in the end to analyzing the perspective of some professionals on their experiences and perceptions about the reintegration and the perspectives for the future. All this leads to developments in this area of CAD, based on the establishment of specialized teams that consolidate the importance of working in multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary team, which all play an active role and the patient is seen beyond the physical, medical, considering -if the psychological and social indispensable. The choice of theme arises from the professional intervention of the day-to-day and aims to be a reflective work, curiosity and deepening of professional knowledge and may at some time be useful to policy developers in this area. The work focuses on the identification and comparison of interventions in this aspect particularly in the implemented models, contextualizing them in the social and political assumptions of its implementation in Portugal. The presented study is exploratory nature, where it is not intended to test hypotheses, but to identify patterns and ideas, and reflect on the subject following for this qualitative methodology, looking for the conclusions presented have only a descriptive character, pretending not to generalize the results obtained. The methodology used is based on the literature and documentary review, including legislation, performing for this purpose a qualitative approach, using as a method gathering data of semi-structured interviews. In terms of results we find a vagueness about the policies that appears disinvestment in the area, demotivation and lack of interest of professionals combined with the need for clarification of organic services. There’s an evolution in terms of recognition of the area by other professionals, being referred to some difficulties in coordination with some professional areas. The Intervention Model in Reintegration (MIR) has allowed the standardization of procedures and consequently the intervention and that has an impact on improving the quality of life of users. It is recommended that more training, supervision and teamwork, and that the focus on evaluation of services, interventions and the impact of these is cause for reflection. In the definition of future interventions partners are essential to create a common operating model.
Henriques, Inês Ré Carvalho. "Dependência à prática do exercício físico." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82502.
Full textIntroduction: The regular practice of physical exercise is fundamental to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. However, the excess of this practice can become harmful and, in some cases, addictive. Addiction to physical exercise, although rare, is a reality with relevant consequences at the biopsychosocial level, which makes it necessary to identify individuals at risk for future intervention. The aim of this study is to understand the prevalence of this condition among physical exercise practitioners in the city of Coimbra.Material and methods: A total of 299 gymnasium attendees from the city of Coimbra filled out a questionnaire with different variables: gender, age, weight, height, literacy, and a number of times they practiced exercise per week. For the evaluation of the risk of physical exercise addiction, the "The Exercise Addiction Inventory" was applied. The means comparison tests were used to evaluate the statistical significance of the relationship between the variables obtained and the risk of addiction. The psychometric properties of the EAI were assessed through internal consistency and principal component analyses.Results: The prevalence of the risk of addiction was 5.01%, with no significant relation to gender, age, literacy or body mass index, but with the number of weekly training sessions. The scale obtained an internal consistency of 0.614 and the factorial analysis revealed only one component.Discussion and conclusion: The risk of physical exercise addiction among gym-goers in Coimbra is low and was not related to gender, age, BMI or literacy, but only with a higher number of weekly training sessions. The EAI has proven to be adequate for the evaluation of this risk and is therefore recommended as an instrument for practical use. Addiction to physical exercise should be, in addition to being treated early, prevented by using information from exercise practitioners and professionals, both health and sports.Key-words:
Introdução: A prática regular de exercício físico é fundamental à manutenção de um estilo de vida saudável, porém o excesso desta prática pode tornar-se prejudicial e, em alguns casos, viciante. A adicção ao exercício físico, apesar de rara, é uma realidade com consequências relevantes a nível biopsicossocial, pelo que se torna necessário a identificação de indivíduos em risco para futura intervenção. O objetivo deste trabalho é perceber qual a prevalência desta condição entre os praticantes de exercício físico na cidade de Coimbra.Material e métodos: Um total de 299 frequentadores de ginásios da cidade de Coimbra preencheu um questionário com diferentes variáveis: género, idade, peso, altura, habilitações literárias e número de vezes que praticavam exercício por semana. Para a avaliação do risco de adicção ao exercício físico, foi aplicado o “The Exercise Addiction Inventory”. Foram utilizados os testes de comparação de médias para avaliar a significância estatística da relação entre as variáveis obtidas e o risco de adicção. As propriedades psicométricas do EAI foram avaliadas através da consistência interna e da análise fatorial de componentes principais.Resultados: A prevalência do risco de adicção encontrada foi de 5,01%, sem relação significativa com o sexo, idade, habilitações literárias ou índice de massa corporal, mas sim com o número de sessões de treino semanais. A escala obteve uma consistência interna de 0,614 e a análise factorial revelou apenas uma componente.Discussão e conclusão: O risco de adicção ao exercício físico entre os frequentadores de ginásios em Coimbra é baixo e demonstrou não estar relacionado com o sexo, idade, IMC ou habilitações literárias, mas apenas com um maior número de sessões de treino semanais.3O EAI demonstrou ser adequado para a avaliação deste risco, pelo que é recomendado como instrumento de utilização prática. A adicção ao exercício físico deverá ser, para além de precocemente tratada, prevenida com recurso à informação dos praticantes de exercício e dos profissionais, quer da saúde, quer do desporto.
Serra, Mariana de Brito. "Comportamentos adictivos: Revisão de mecanismos e o seu papel na utilização de redes sociais." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/11337.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to, in the form of a monograph, unify current knowledge about addiction and integrate it with the potential part of addiction in the use of social media, taking into consideration how the basic mechanisms of addiction may be presente and influence the pattern of social media usage. To that effect, an anatomophysiological and neurochemical review of the structures, pathways and neurotransmitters involved in the mechanisms of addiction is udertaken. Considering the emergence and success of social media since recente years, as well as the growing perception of their influence and dependence on them and mobile devices – smartphones, tablets, etc. – for human and social existence in modern sciety, this dissertation also requires the conduction a bibliographical review on addiction and social media. The review is based on scientific books and articles, published in peerreviewed sources, over the last 10 years. There is evidence that social media use has the potencial to become a behavioral addiction, and further attention should be payed to it.
Zoio, Vanessa Alexandra Morais Rodrigues. "Agressividade e ambiente familiar na toxicodependência." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/3756.
Full textA toxicodependência é caracterizada por uma realidade complexa, muitas vezes associada a ambientes familiares menos funcionais e a comportamentos agressivos por parte dos consumidores e/ou dependentes. Uma vez que a família é a primeira fonte de socialização do indivíduo, torna-se pertinente averiguar a influência deste contexto no fenómeno da toxicodependência, assim como verificar a associação de comportamentos agressivos a este fenómeno. Os objetivos desta investigação são os seguintes: a) Avaliar as diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos amostrais (toxicodependentes vs. não toxicodependentes), em relação aos scores de ambiente familiar e agressividade; b) Avaliar a associação entre agressividade e ambiente familiar no grupo de sujeitos toxicodependentes e no grupo de sujeitos não toxicodependentes; c) Verificar a existência de associação significativa entre a toxicomania e a agressividade; d) Verificar a existência de associação significativa entre a toxicomania e o ambiente familiar. A amostra é constituída por 44 adultos (dos 18 aos 45 anos), sendo que 22 participantes apresentam consumo de substâncias psicoativas e os restantes 22 não. Os instrumentos utilizados são i) o Questionário de dados sociodemográfico, ii) o Instrumento do Historial Familiar (IHF) e iii) o Questionário de Agressividade. No que diz respeito ao ambiente familiar não se verificaram diferenças significativas em relação aos dois grupos amostrais, contudo, o grupo de sujeitos toxicodependentes apresenta um nível de agressividade ligeiramente superior (M = 2,43; DP = 0,6), comparativamente ao grupo de sujeitos não toxicodependentes (M = 2.06; DP = 0,47). A correlação entre a “Agressividade” e o “Ambiente Familiar” nos dois grupos amostrais é forte (r=0,626; p=0,05), a correlação entre a “Agressividade” e a “Toxicodependência” foi negativa e moderada (r = -0,331; p =0,028) e a associação entre o “Ambiente Familiar” e a “Toxicodependência” foi nula (r = 0,090; p = 0,560).
ABSTRACT: Drug addiction is characterized by a complex reality, many times associated with less functional family environments and aggressive behavior by consumers and / or dependents. Since the family is the primary source of socialization of the individual, it is pertinent to examine the influence of this context in the phenomenon of drug addiction, as well as investigate the relationship of this phenomenon with aggressive behaviors. This research aims at: a) evaluate the significant differences between the two sample groups (drug addicts vs no drug addicts), compared to scores of family environment and aggression, b) assess the association between aggression and environment in group of addicts and non-addicts group, c) check for significant association between drug addiction and aggression. d) check for significant association between drug addiction and family environment. The sample consists of 44 adults (18-45 years-old), from wich, 22 with addition to psychoactive substances. The instruments used are i) the socio-demographic questionnaire, ii) the Instrument of Family History and iii) the Aggression Questionnaire. There were no significant differences for the two sample groups concerning to the family environment, however, the group of subjects drug-addicts presents a slightly higher level of aggression (M = 2.06; DP = 0,47), compared to the group of subjects with no drug addiction. The correlation between the "Aggression" and "Family Environment" in the two sample groups was good (r=0,626; p=0,05), the correlation between the "Aggression" and "Drug addiction" was negative and moderate (r = -0,331; p =0,028) and the association between "Family Environment" and "Drug addiction" was null (r = 0,090; p = 0,560).
Syrová, Kateřina. "Akutní účinky nové psychoaktivní látky ze skupiny derivátů fenyletylaminu - animální studie." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405607.
Full textZoio, Vanessa Alexandra Morais Rodrigues. ""Agressividade e ambiente familiar na toxicodependência"." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/6738.
Full textA toxicodependência é caracterizada por uma realidade complexa, muitas vezes associada a ambientes familiares menos funcionais e a comportamentos agressivos por parte dos consumidores e/ou dependentes. Uma vez que a família é a primeira fonte de socialização do indivíduo, torna-se pertinente averiguar a influência deste contexto no fenómeno da toxicodependência, assim como verificar a associação de comportamentos agressivos a este fenómeno. Os objetivos desta investigação são os seguintes: a) Avaliar as diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos amostrais (toxicodependentes vs. não toxicodependentes), em relação aos scores de ambiente familiar e agressividade; b) Avaliar a associação entre agressividade e ambiente familiar no grupo de sujeitos toxicodependentes e no grupo de sujeitos não toxicodependentes; c) Verificar a existência de associação significativa entre a toxicomania e a agressividade; d) Verificar a existência de associação significativa entre a toxicomania e o ambiente familiar. A amostra é constituída por 44 adultos (dos 18 aos 45 anos), sendo que 22 participantes apresentam consumo de substâncias psicoativas e os restantes 22 não. Os instrumentos utilizados são i) o Questionário de dados sociodemográfico, ii) o Instrumento do Historial Familiar (IHF) e iii) o Questionário de Agressividade. No que diz respeito ao ambiente familiar não se verificaram diferenças significativas em relação aos dois grupos amostrais, contudo, o grupo de sujeitos toxicodependentes apresenta um nível de agressividade ligeiramente superior (M = 2,43; DP = 0,6), comparativamente ao grupo de sujeitos não toxicodependentes (M = 2.06; DP = 0,47). A correlação entre a “Agressividade” e o “Ambiente Familiar” nos dois grupos amostrais é forte (r=0,626; p=0,05), a correlação entre a “Agressividade” e a “Toxicodependência” foi negativa e moderada (r = -0,331; p =0,028) e a associação entre o “Ambiente Familiar” e a “Toxicodependência” foi nula (r = 0,090; p = 0,560).
Drug addiction is characterized by a complex reality, many times associated with less functional family environments and aggressive behavior by consumers and / or dependents. Since the family is the primary source of socialization of the individual, it is pertinent to examine the influence of this context in the phenomenon of drug addiction, as well as investigate the relationship of this phenomenon with aggressive behaviors. This research aims at: a) evaluate the significant differences between the two sample groups (drug addicts vs no drug addicts), compared to scores of family environment and aggression, b) assess the association between aggression and environment in group of addicts and non-addicts group, c) check for significant association between drug addiction and aggression. d) check for significant association between drug addiction and family environment. The sample consists of 44 adults (18-45 years-old), from wich, 22 with addition to psychoactive substances. The instruments used are i) the socio-demographic questionnaire, ii) the Instrument of Family History and iii) the Aggression Questionnaire. There were no significant differences for the two sample groups concerning to the family environment, however, the group of subjects drug-addicts presents a slightly higher level of aggression (M = 2.06; DP = 0,47), compared to the group of subjects with no drug addiction. The correlation between the "Aggression" and "Family Environment" in the two sample groups was good (r=0,626; p=0,05), the correlation between the "Aggression" and "Drug addiction" was negative and moderate (r = -0,331; p =0,028) and the association between "Family Environment" and "Drug addiction" was null (r = 0,090; p = 0,560).
Oliveira, António Manuel Ramos. "O papel do papel: As relações de objeto entre os jogadores de MMORPG e as suas personagens." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/5261.
Full textO presente estudo procura compreender, de uma perspetiva dinâmica, a relação entre os jogadores de mmorpgs e as personagens que criam. Esta relação vai ser explorada através da dinâmica entre o verdadeiro e o falso Self e através de uma nova conceção teórica denominada Self potencial. A metodologia vai incidir sobre três estudos de caso. Foi feita uma entrevista semiestruturada e aplicado um T.A.T. A analise dos casos demonstraram que existe uma projeção da relação entre o verdadeiro e falso Self, que é transformada dentro do mundo virtual. Para além disso permitiu explorar a criação do modelo espaçotemporal do Self.
ASTRACTThe present study seeks to understand, from a dynamic perspective, the relationship between the players of mmorpgs and the characters they create. This relationship will be explored through the dynamics between the true and false Self and through a new theoretical conception called Potential Self. The methodology will focus on three case studies. A semi-structured interview was conducted and a T.A.T. The analysis of the cases demonstrated that there is a projection of the relationship between the true and false Self, which is transformed through the virtual world. It also allowed us to explore the creation of the space-time model of Self.
Amaral, Miguel Ângelo Fernandes. "Go! À caça de Pokémons: um estudo qualitativo sobre as vivências associadas ao jogo junto de jovens adultos." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6533.
Full textThe concept of gaming addiction is a construct that refers to the beginnings of research in this field, supported by characteristics that are associated with essentially classic dependencies. In this perspective, it is imperative to invest in studies that promote the analysis of contemporary additions related to the evolution of new technologies, namely, augmented reality games. It is within this logic that the present study aims to contact with the experiences of young adult Pokémon Go players, describing the experiences they present as regular players of a Role-Playing Game. From the present dissertation, we acquire a group speech that reflects the complexity of this phenomenon and the subjective experiences lived by the participants. For this purpose, it was used a "snowball" sampling method, in which participated 14 subjects of both sexes, aged between 19 and 33. The semi-structured interviews were conducted through online instant messaging tools. Subsequently, they were transcribed and submitted to a content analysis, based on the Grounded-Theory, through which it was possible to systematize a set of categories that organizes the speeches. The results showed that the primary motivations for the use of Pokémon Go were focused on evoking the childhood memories that were associated with the game and the curiosity to experience a new reality of it. Contrary to the literature, participants emphasized that the app in analysis generated higher levels of sociability, relaxation and physical exercise. The number of hours of game use was heterogeneous, which could be comprised in a range of 15 minutes to a period exceeding 24 hours. Given the modernity of the game in question, once it was launched in 2016, it was considered relevant to study the consequences that could arise from its compulsive use. This way, it is considered that sustained research in this area could be beneficial for users, in a reflexive logic on the behalf.