Relevant bibliographies by topics / ADI materials

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'ADI materials'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "ADI materials"

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Sidjanin, Leposava, Milorad Novovic, and R. Smallman. "Metallographic Investigations of ADI Materials Metallographische Charakterisierung von ADI-Werkstoffen." Practical Metallography 33, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-1996-330102.

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RAJNOVIC, D., O. ERIC, and L. SIDJANIN. "The standard processing window of alloyed ADI materials." Metallic Materials 50, no. 03 (2012): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4149/km_2012_3_199.

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Myszka, Dawid, Mostafa Ahmed, Adel Nofal, Emilia Skołek, and Abdelhamid Hussein. "High Strain Rate Dynamic Deformation of ADI." Materials Science Forum 925 (June 2018): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.925.210.

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Engineering materials used in numerous applications, particularly in automotive crash loading and military ballistic purposes have to meet new demands, one of which is the resistance to dynamic loading. As the phenomena associated with such interaction is rather complex, non-static types of tests are applied to evaluate and compare between different potential materials. In this Work, different grades of ADI were produced under different austenitizing and austempering conditions different ausferrite morphologies. The effect of alloying elements such as Cu and Mo on the initial microstructure of the ductile iron was also studied. The initial amount of retained austenite was subjected to different dynamic strain rates. The hardness and strain induced martensitic transformation as a function of the microstructure and strain rate were evaluated. Extensive use of XRD and SEM was made to evaluate the high strain rate properties of the investigated grades.
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Sosa, Amadeo Daniel, Caren Soledad Rosales, Roberto Enrique Boeri, and Silvia Noemí Simison. "Corrosion mechanisms in ADI parts." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 29, no. 1-2 (March 2016): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2015.1106784.

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Groche, P. Prof, P. Stein, M. Steitz, J. Scheil, and C. Prof Müller. "Maschinelle Werkzeugoberflächenbearbeitung von ADI*/Mechanical treatment of ADI tools - Smoothing and hardening of austempered ductile iron." wt Werkstattstechnik online 106, no. 10 (2016): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2016-10-45.

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Hochfeste Tiefziehstähle und kurze Produktzyklen erfordern immer kürzere Amortisationszeiten der Werkzeuge. Daher wurden in den letzten Jahren neue Technologien zur automatisierten Oberflächenbearbeitung entwickelt. In den vorliegenden Untersuchungen wurde das Optimierungspotenzial einer Kombination aus automatisierter Oberflächenbearbeitung und lastangepasstem Werkstoff, sogenanntem Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI), ermittelt.   High-strength steel for deep-drawn products as well as brief product cycles require short time-to-values of tools. Thus, new technologies for automated surface treatments have been developed in the last years. Within the scope of the presented investigations, the potential for optimization of a combination of automated surface treatment and load-adjusted materials such as Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) is examined.
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Sun, M. K., and W. Y. Tam. "Stability and dispersion analysis of ADI-MRTD and ADI high-order schemes." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 45, no. 1 (2005): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.20717.

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Pereda, José A., Ana Grande, Oscar González, and Angel Vegas. "The ADI-FDTD Method for Transverse-Magnetic Waves in Conductive Materials." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, no. 8 (August 2010): 2790–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2010.2050422.

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Meena, Anil, and Mohamed El Mansori. "Microstructure Induced Wear Mechanisms of PVD-Coated Carbide Tools during Dry Drilling of Newly Produced ADI." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 1271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.1271.

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Near-net shape austempered ductile iron (ADI) castings can be considered as a significant economic advantage to the increasing industrial demand for cost and weight efficient materials. However, due to microstructure induced inherent properties, ADI is considered as hard to machine material. The present paper thus investigates the interaction between the microstructural characteristics of ADI and wear mechanisms of PVD-coated carbide tools. The inherent properties of ADI materials are the function of its microstructural characteristics (retained austenite volume content and its carbon content, ferritic cell size, etc.) which can be controlled by the austempering parameters. Experimental studies of dry drilling of different ADI materials with the PVD-coated carbide tools were carried out at a cutting speed of 60 m/min and at a feed of 0.15 mm/rev. The wear mechanisms of the cutting tools were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis techniques. The obtain results revealed the evolution of crater wear as the main wear mode. In addition, it provides the key findings aims to correlating the machining characteristics of ADI with its microstructure and production conditions.
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Ibrahim, K. M., B. El-Sarnagawy, I. I. Saleh, and M. Bayoumi. "Fatigue behaviour of notched ADI castings." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 27, no. 4 (February 21, 2014): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743133614y.0000000108.

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CALDERA, M., R. A. MARTÍNEZ, R. E. BOERI, and J. A. SIKORA. "Evaluation of water embrittlement on ‘dual phase’ ADI." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 34, no. 10 (April 28, 2011): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2011.01571.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ADI materials"

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CHAKKALAKKAL, JOSEPH JUNIOR. "Design of a weight optimized casted ADI component using topology and shape optimization." Thesis, KTH, Maskin- och processteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236518.

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Structural Optimization techniques are widely used in product development process in ‘modern industry’ to generate optimal designs with only sufficient material to serve the purpose of the component. In conventional design problems, the design process usually generates overdesigned components with excess material and weight. This will in turn increase the life time cost of machines, both in terms material wastage and expense of usage. The thesis “Design of a weight optimized casted ADI component using topology and shape optimization” deals with redesigning a component from a welded steel plate structure into a castable design for reduced manufacturing cost and weight reduction. The component “Drill Steel Support” mounted in front of the drilling boom of a Face Drilling Machine is redesigned during this work. The main objective of the thesis is to provide an alternative design with lower weight that can be mounted on the existing machine layout without any changes in the mounting interfaces. This thesis report covers in detail procedure followed for attaining the weight reduction of the “Drill Steel Support” and presents the results and methodology which is based on both topology and shape optimization.
Strukturoptimering används ofta i produktutvecklingsprocessen i modern industri för att ta fram optimala konstruktioner med minsta möjliga materialåtgång för komponenten. Konventionella konstruktionsmetoder genererar vanligtvis överdimensionerade komponenter med överflödigt material och vikt. Detta ökar i sin tur livstidskostnaderna för maskiner både i termer av materialavfall och användning. Avhandlingen "Konstruktion av viktoptimerad gjuten ADI-komponent" behandlar omkonstruktionen av en komponent från en svetsad stålplåtstruktur till en gjutbar konstruktion med minskad tillverkningskostnad och vikt. Komponenten “Borrstöd” monterad i framkant av bommen på en ortdrivningsmaskin är omkonstruerad under detta arbete. Huvudsyftet med avhandlingen är ta fram en alternativ konstruktion med lägre vikt och som kan monteras på befintlig maskinlayout utan någon ändring i monteringsgränssnittet. Denna avhandling innehåller en detaljerad beskrivning av förfarandet för att uppnå viktminskningen av "borrstödet" och presenterar resultaten samt metodiken som baseras på både topologi- och parameter- optimering.
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Fulco, Ana Paula Pereira. "Comportamento magn?tico de comp?sitos de matriz polim?rica com adi??o de ferritas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12799.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Polymer matrix composites offer advantages for many applications due their combination of properties, which includes low density, high specific strength and modulus of elasticity and corrosion resistance. However, the application of non-destructive techniques using magnetic sensors for the evaluation these materials is not possible since the materials are non-magnetizable. Ferrites are materials with excellent magnetic properties, chemical stability and corrosion resistance. Due to these properties, these materials are promising for the development of polymer composites with magnetic properties. In this work, glass fiber / epoxy circular plates were produced with 10 wt% of cobalt or barium ferrite particles. The cobalt ferrite was synthesized by the Pechini method. The commercial barium ferrite was subjected to a milling process to study the effect of particle size on the magnetic properties of the material. The characterization of the ferrites was carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Circular notches of 1, 5 and 10 mm diameter were introduced in the composite plates using a drill bit for the non-destructive evaluation by the technique of magnetic flux leakage (MFL). The results indicated that the magnetic signals measured in plates with barium ferrite without milling and cobalt ferrite showed good correlation with the presence of notches. The milling process for 12 h and 20 h did not contribute to improve the identification of smaller size notches (1 mm). However, the smaller particle size produced smoother magnetic curves, with fewer discontinuities and improved signal-to-noise ratio. In summary, the results suggest that the proposed approach has great potential for the detection of damage in polymer composites structures
Materiais comp?sitos polim?ricos oferecem vantagens para v?rias aplica??es pela combina??o de propriedades como baixa densidade, elevada resist?ncia mec?nica e m?dulo de elasticidade espec?ficos e resist?ncia a corros?o. Entretanto, por n?o serem magnetiz?veis, esses materiais n?o permitem a utiliza??o de t?cnicas de avalia??o n?o destrutivas que utilizem sensores magn?ticos. Ferritas s?o materiais com excelentes propriedades magn?ticas, estabilidade qu?mica e resist?ncia ? corros?o. Devido a essas propriedades esses materiais s?o promissores para o desenvolvimento de comp?sitos de matriz polim?rica com propriedades magn?ticas. Neste trabalho, discos de comp?sitos de fibra de vidro/ep?xi foram produzidos com adi??o de 10% em massa de part?culas de ferrita de cobalto ou de b?rio. A ferrita de cobalto foi sintetizada pelo m?todo Pechini. A ferrita comercial de b?rio foi submetida a um processo de moagem para se estudar o efeito do tamanho de part?cula nas propriedades magn?ticas do material. A caracteriza??o das ferritas foi realizada pelas t?cnicas de difra??o de raio x (DRX), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV-FEG) e magnetometria de amostra vibrante (MAV). Entalhes circulares com di?metros de 1, 5 e 10 mm foram introduzidos nos discos de comp?sitos com o aux?lio de uma broca para avalia??o n?o-destrutiva por meio da t?cnica de fuga de fluxo magn?tico (MFL). A abordagem apresentada permitiu identificar todos os entalhes introduzidos nos discos. Os resultados indicaram que os sinais magn?ticos medidos nos discos com a ferrita de b?rio sem moagem e de cobalto apresentaram boa correla??o com a presen?a dos entalhes. O processo de moagem por 12 h e 20 h n?o contribuiu para a melhor identifica??o de entalhes de menor dimens?o (1 mm). Entretanto, o menor tamanho de part?cula permitiu produzir curvas magn?ticas mais suaves, com menos descontinuidades e melhor rela??o sinal-ru?do. Em resumo, os resultados sugerem que a abordagem proposta tem grande potencial para a detec??o de falhas em estruturas de materiais comp?sitos polim?ricos
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Jung, Kyung Young. "Full-wave modeling and analysis of dispersion-engineered materials and plasmon waveguides." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218503761.

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Martinez, Thomas. "Etude de l'endommagement lors du démasselotage à chaud de bielles en fonte GS ADI moulées forgées." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS002/document.

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Les travaux de cette thèse ont été initiés par la volonté industrielle de lever le verrou technologique du démasselotage à chaud de bielles en fonte GS. Ces bielles sont obtenues par un procédé de fabrication hybride innovant mêlant forgeage et fonderie en moule métallique. Ce procédé exige que le démasselotage soit effectué dans la « chaude de coulée » lorsque la fonte GS est en phase austénitique. La découpe de la fonte dans ces conditions de température fait apparaître des défauts majeurs sur les surfaces découpées préjudiciables à la suite du process. Pour pouvoir répondre à cette problématique, une étude est menée sur la caractérisation du comportement et de l’endommagement de la fonte GS dans les conditions de température du process. Une attention particulière est portée sur l’influence de la microstructure nodulaire sur les mécanismes de la rupture. Afin de se doter d’outils de simulation pour mettre au point le processus de démasselotage à chaud, les paramètres du modèle de comportement et d’endommagement de Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman appliqués à la fonte GS sont identifiés par méthode inverse. Enfin, un plan d’expérience est déployé sur un démonstrateur de découpe instrumenté afin d’obtenir la configuration optimale des paramètres process pour une découpe sans défaut. Cette dernière étude met en avant la présence d’une transition d’un mode de rupture ductile à fragile lors de l’apparition des défauts de démasselotage
This work was initiated by the technological problematic of hot trimming of nodular cast iron connecting rods. These connecting rods are obtained by an innovative hybrid process that combines forging and metal mold casting. This process requires the trimming to be conducted at high temperatures in the is the austenitic phase of the cast iron. Hot trimming of cast iron brings up major defects on the cut surfaces which are detrimental to the continuing process. To address this problem, a study is conducted on the characterization of the mechanical behavior of nodular cast iron in the process temperature conditions. A particular attention is paid to the influence of the nodular microstructure on the failure mechanisms. To develop simulation tools for nodular cast iron hot trimming, the parameters of Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman model are identified by inverse method for our material. Finally, a design of experiment is deployed using an instrumented demonstrator to obtain the optimum parameters configuration for a maximized cut surface quality. This latest study highlights the presence of a transition from ductile to brittle mode of failure leading to the hot trimming defects
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Silva, J?nior Jos? Ferreira da. "Comportamento da adi??o do carbeto de ni?bio (nBC) na matriz met?lica do a?o ferr?tico 15kH2mfa." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12804.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The 15Kh2MFA steel is a kind of Cr-Mo-V family steels and can be used in turbines for energy generation, pressure vessels, nuclear reactors or applications where the range of temperature that the material works is between 250 to 450?C. To improve the properties of these steels increasing the service temperature and the thermal stability is add a second particle phase. These particles can be oxides, carbides, nitrites or even solid solution of some chemical elements. On this way, this work aim to study the effect of addition of 3wt% of niobium carbide in the metallic matrix of 15Kh2MFA steel. Powder metallurgy was the route employed to produce this metallic matrix composite. Two different milling conditions were performed. Condition 1: milling of pure 15Kh2MFA steel and condition 2: milling of 15Kh2MFA steel with addition of niobium carbide. A high energy milling was carried out during 5 hours. Then, these two powders were sintered in a vacuum furnace (10-4torr) at 1150 and 1250?C during 60 minutes. After sintering the samples were normalized at 950?C per 3 minutes followed by air cooling to obtain a desired microstructure. Results show that the addition of niobium carbide helps to mill faster the particles during the milling when compared with that steel without carbide. At the sintering, the niobium carbide helps to sinter increasing the density of the samples reaching a maximum density of 7.86g/cm?, better than the melted steel as received that was 7,81g/cm?. In spite this good densification, after normalizing, the niobium carbide don t contributed to increase the microhardness. The best microhardness obtained to the steel with niobium carbide was 156HV and to pure 15Kh2MFA steel was 212HV. It happened due when the niobium carbide is added to the steel a pearlitic structure was formed, and the steel without niobium carbide submitted to the same conditions reached a bainitic structure
O a?o 15Kh2MFA, da fam?lia dos a?os CrMoV, pode ser utilizado em turbinas para gera??o de energia, vasos de press?o, reatores nuclear ou aplica??es, onde o material ? submetido a temperaturas de servi?o entre 250 e 450?C. Uma forma de melhorar as propriedades do a?o, para que ele trabalhe a temperaturas mais altas ou que se torne mais est?vel ? adicionar part?culas de segunda fase na sua matriz. Estas part?culas podem estar na forma de ?xidos, carbetos, nitretos ou at? mesmo em solu??o s?lida quando alguns elementos qu?micos s?o adicionados ao material. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetiva estudar o efeito da adi??o de 3% de carbeto de ni?bio na matriz met?lica do a?o 15Kh2MFA. Para isto a metalurgia do p? foi a rota empregada para a produ??o deste comp?sito de matriz met?lica. Para tal, duas moagens distintas foram realizadas. A primeira com o a?o 15Kh2MFA e a segunda com o a?o 15Kh2MFA com adi??o de 3% de carbeto de ni?bio. A moagem de alta energia foi realizada durante 5 horas. Em seguida, os dois p?s produzidos foram sinterizados em um forno a v?cuo (10-4torr) a temperaturas de 1150?C e 1250?C durante 60 minutos. Ap?s a sinteriza??o as amostras foram submetidas ao tratamento t?rmico de normaliza??o a 950?C. Os resultados mostraram que a adi??o do carbeto de ni?bio ajuda o processo de cominui??o das part?culas, quando comparado com o a?o sem o carbeto de ni?bio. O carbeto de ni?bio tem um papel fundamental na densifica??o das amostras durante a sinteriza??o, levando a densidade 7,86g/cm?, que ? maior do que a densidade do a?o fundido recebido que era de 7,81g/cm?. Apesar desta boa densifica??o, ap?s a normaliza??o, o NbC n?o contribuiu de forma significativa para aumento da dureza, onde a melhor dureza obtida para o a?o com NbC foi de 156HV e para o a?o puro foi de 212HV. Isto se deve ao fato de que, quando o NbC foi adicionado ao a?o, formou-se uma estrutura perl?tica, enquanto que, com o a?o sem adi??o de NbC, submetido as mesmas condi??es, obteve-se uma estrutura bain?tica
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Melo, Maxymme Mendes de. "Formula??o e caracteriza??o de massas de gr?s porcelanato preparadas a partir de mat?rias-primas naturais do Rio Grande do norte e com adi??o de chamote de telhas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15580.

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Traditional ceramics have an important role in the economy of Rio Grande do Norte. The local industries manufacture over 50 million shingles a month, corresponding to 60% of their overall production. As a result of processing flaws, roughly 20% of the production must be discarded, since little or no use has been envisaged for such fired components. Therefore, the use of this kind of residue, especially in the composition of other ceramic materials, comes as an interesting option from the economical and environmental point of view. In this scenario, the objective of the present study was to assess the effect of the addition of fired shingle waste in the composition of porcelainized stoneware tiles. To that end, two porcelainized stoneware tiles compositions were initially prepared. Subsequently, contents from 10 to 30% of roofing tiles chamote were added to each one of them. All raw materials and grog were characterized by FRX, XRD, and thermal analysis. The ceramics were fired using natural gas for 30 min at different temperatures, i.e. 1150, 1200 and 1250?C, and fully characterized. The addition of roofing tiles chamote resulted in composition with superior properties compared to additive-free compositions. Porcelainized stoneware tiles products that fulfill required standards for practical applications were achieved
A ind?stria de cer?mica vermelha ? um dos segmentos de maior import?ncia na economia do Rio Grande do Norte. Nesse setor, o material mais produzido ? a telha, ocupando mais de 60% de todos os artefatos produzidos, com mais de 50 milh?es de pe?as fabricadas por m?s. Sabe-se que devido ? falhas no processamento, o teor de res?duos desse material no RN, pode chegar a um valor de at? 20%, o que significa mais de 10 milh?es de telhas indo diretamente para aterros, visto que estas, depois de queimadas, n?o podem ser reutilizadas no processo de fabrica??o. Desta forma, o uso desse rejeito na produ??o de cer?micas com alto valor agregado, como ? o caso do gr?s porcelanato, se torna uma op??o vi?vel. Do ponto de vista econ?mico essa viabilidade se d?, pelo fato de utilizar-se um rejeito como parte da formula??o. Do ponto de vista ambiental, a viabilidade est? em reduzir o ac?mulo desses rejeitos nos aterros sanit?rios. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar a influ?ncia da adi??o de descarte de telhas em formula??es de gr?s porcelanatos. Para isso, utilizou-se duas formula??es, adicionando concentra??es de 10, 20 e 30% de chamote para cada uma delas. O Chamote e as mat?rias-primas foram caracterizadas por FRX, DRX, TG, ATD e AG. As queimas foram realizadas em forno a g?s natural com tr?s temperaturas, por 30 minutos de patamar: 1150, 1200 e 1250?C. Ap?s a sinteriza??o os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a: ensaios f?sicos de RL, AA, PA, MEA, TRF e dilatometria; an?lise mineral?gica por DRX; e microestrutural por MEV. Obteve-se para algumas das formula??es com a adi??o de chamote, propriedades superiores ?s das exigidas por normas para o gr?s porcelanato
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Dragan, Rajnović. "Uticaj mikrostrukture na prelaznu temperaturu ADI materijala." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=94932&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U disertaciji je izvršena karakterizacija mikrostrukture i mehaničkih osobinanelegiranog austemperovanogi nodularnog liva (ADI materijala), kao i uticajamikrostrukture na prelaznu temperaturu u intervalu od -196 do +100°C.Utvrđeno je da mehaničke osobine ADI-ja zavise od morfologije ausferitnemikrostrukture i količine zadržanog austenita, tj. parametara austemperovanja.Na osnovu mehaničkih osobina utvrđen je i opseg procesiranja u skladu sastandardima ASTM, ISO i EN. Zaključeno je da prelazna temperatura ADImaterijala zavisi od količine i stabilnosti zadržanog austenita. U višemtemperaturnom opsegu (iznad cca. -25°C) dominantna je količina zadržanogaustenita, dok na nižim temperaturama, stabilnost. Visoka obogaćenostugljenikom, stabilnog zadržanog austenita sprečava stvaranje martenzita naniskim temperaturama, a time i pojavu krtosti kod ADI-ja.
The object of this thesis was to characterize microstructure and mechanical propertiesof the unalloyed ADI material (Austempered Ductile Iron). In addition, the influence ofmicrostructure on the ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT) by Charpy impacttest in temperature interval from 196 to +100°C has been studied. The all propertiesobtained depend on the morphology of microstructure and the amount of retainedaustenite, i.e. on the austempering parameters. According to the mechanical propertiesand standard requirements (ASTM, ISO and EN) the processing window has beenproposed, also. It was found that DBTT is influenced by amount and stability of retainedaustenite. In upper temperature range (above cca. 25°C) the most influence factor onDBTT is amount of retained austenite, while at the lower temperatures the stability ismore prominent. Stability of high carbon retained austenite at lower temperaturesprevents transformation to martensite and thus the embrittlement of ADI.
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Rouf, Hasan. "Unconditionally stable finite difference time domain methods for frequency dependent media." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/unconditionally-stable-finite-difference-time-domain-methods-for-frequency-dependent-media(50e4adf1-d1e4-4ad2-ab2d-70188fb8b7b6).html.

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The efficiency of the conventional, explicit finite difference time domain (FDTD)method is constrained by the upper limit on the temporal discretization, imposed by the Courant–Friedrich–Lewy (CFL) stability condition. Therefore, there is a growing interest in overcoming this limitation by employing unconditionally stable FDTD methods for which time-step and space-step can be independently chosen. Unconditionally stable Crank Nicolson method has not been widely used in time domain electromagnetics despite its high accuracy and low anisotropy. There has been no work on the Crank Nicolson FDTD (CN–FDTD) method for frequency dependent medium. In this thesis a new three-dimensional frequency dependent CN–FDTD (FD–CN–FDTD) method is proposed. Frequency dependency of single–pole Debye materials is incorporated into the CN–FDTD method by means of an auxiliary differential formulation. In order to provide a convenient and straightforward algorithm, Mur’s first-order absorbing boundary conditions are used in the FD–CN–FDTD method. Numerical tests validate and confirm that the FD–CN–FDTD method is unconditionally stable beyond the CFL limit. The proposed method yields a sparse system of linear equations which can be solved by direct or iterative methods, but numerical experiments demonstrate that for large problems of practical importance iterative solvers are to be used. The FD–CN–FDTD sparse matrix is diagonally dominant when the time-stepis near the CFL limit but the diagonal dominance of the matrix deteriorates with the increase of the time-step, making the solution time longer. Selection of the matrix solver to handle the FD–CN–FDTD sparse system is crucial to fully harness the advantages of using larger time-step, because the computational costs associated with the solver must be kept as low as possible. Two best–known iterative solvers, Bi-Conjugate Gradient Stabilised (BiCGStab) and Generalised Minimal Residual (GMRES), are extensively studied in terms of the number of iteration requirements for convergence, CPU time and memory requirements. BiCGStab outperforms GMRES in every aspect. Many of these findings do not match with the existing literature on frequency–independent CN–FDTD method and the possible reasons for this are pointed out. The proposed method is coded in Fortran and major implementation techniques of the serial code as well as its parallel implementation in Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP) are presented. As an application, a simulation model of the human body is developed in the FD–CN–FDTD method and numerical simulation of the electromagnetic wave propagation inside the human head is shown. Finally, this thesis presents a new method modifying the frequency dependent alternating direction implicit FDTD (FD–ADI–FDTD) method. Although the ADI–FDTD method provides a computationally affordable approximation of the CN–FDTD method, it exhibits a loss of accuracy with respect to the CN-FDTD method which may become severe for some practical applications. The modified FD–ADI–FDTD method can improve the accuracy of the normal FD–ADI–FDTD method without significantly increasing the computational costs.
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Silva, Yankel Bruno Fontes. "Estudo da zirc?nia refor?ado com alumina." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12685.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Ceramics materials have good properties including chemical stability, high hardness and wear resistance. Moreover, due to its fragility, can suffer failure under relatively low levels of tension. Actually zirconia is the material of choice in metal free dental prostheses used in dentistry due its inertia in physiological environment, good bending strength, hardness and fracture toughness. The alumina and mixed tungsten and titanium carbides additions, acting as reinforcement elements in the zirconia matrix, have as their main objective the improvement of mechanical properties of this material. In this work, samples of zirconia, zirconia with 30% wt of alumina and zirconia with 30% wt mixed carbides were analyzed. The samples were sintered by uniaxial hot pressing on 30 MPa pressure, for 1 hour in an argon atmosphere. They were physically characterized by porosity and density measurements, and mechanically by 3-points bending strength and Vickers microhardness. The X-ray diffraction was used for the phase identifications and microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of mixed carbides as reinforcement elements in zirconia matrix provides improvements in all properties analyzed in this work. The alumina addition has dropped the zirconia strength, although it caused improvement in other properties
Materiais cer?micos apresentam boas propriedades incluindo estabilidade qu?mica, elevada dureza e resist?ncia ao desgaste. Por outro lado, devido a sua fragilidade, podem sofrer falha sob n?veis de tens?es relativamente baixos. A zirc?nia ? hoje o material de escolha em odontologia para o uso em pr?teses dentais do tipo metal free por ser inerte em meio fisiol?gico, apresentar boa resist?ncia ? flex?o, dureza e tenacidade ? fratura. A adi??o da alumina e dos carbetos mistos de tungst?nio e tit?nio ,atuando como elementos de refor?o na matriz de zirc?nia, t?m como principal objetivo o aperfei?oamento das propriedades mec?nicas deste material. No presente trabalho, foram analisadas amostras de: zirc?nia, zirc?nia com 30% em peso de alumina e zirc?nia com 30% em peso de carbetos mistos. Os corpos de prova foram sinterizados por prensagem a quente uniaxial, sobre press?o de 30 MPa, durante 1 hora em atmosfera de arg?nio. Os mesmos foram caracterizados fisicamente por meio de medidas de porosidade e de densidade, e mecanicamente por resist?ncia a flex?o em 3 pontos e microdureza Vickers. A difra??o de raios X foi utilizada para a identifica??o das fases presentes e a microestrutura foi analisada por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). A adi??o dos carbetos mistos como elemento de refor?o da matriz de zirc?nia ocasionou uma melhoria em todas as propriedades analisadas neste trabalho. A adi??o da alumina proporcionou uma queda na resist?ncia mec?nica da zirc?nia, apesar de ter ocasionado melhora nas demais propriedades
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Souza, Bruno Vaz de. "Desenvolvimento de ferro fundido austemperado (ADI) em banho de zinco-alumínio." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7475.

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This work presents the influence of the heat treatment parameters of austempering carried out in a zinc aluminum bath on the mechanical properties of a ductile cast iron (ADI). Samples were extracted from as-cast standard blocks for the austempering heat treatment. The material was heated to 900°C for 60 minutes for austenitization and cooled in a zinc-aluminum bath, to a temperature of 400°C, for 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. The samples were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical tests (Brinell hardness, Micro Vickers hardness, Izod Impact Test and Tensile Test). The results, comparing the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics in all cycles, present results compatible with the two stages of the material process window, confirming the effectiveness of the zinc-aluminum bath in getting the ADI.
O presente trabalho apresenta a influência da variação de parâmetros do tratamento térmico de austêmpera realizado usando um banho de zinco fundido, e os efeitos nas propriedades mecânicas do ferro fundido austemperado (ADI). Corpos de prova foram extraídos de blocos fundidos padronizados para aplicação dos tratamentos térmicos de austêmpera. O material foi aquecido a 900oC durante 60 minutos para austenitização, e então resfriado em um banho de zinco-alumínio fundido a 400oC por 30 minutos, 60 minutos e 90 minutos. Os corpos de prova foram analisados por microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e ensaios mecânicos (dureza Brinnell, microdureza Vickers, testes de Impacto Charpy e Resistência à Tração). Os resultados, comparadas as propriedades mecânicas e características microestruturais em todos os ciclos, apresentam resultados compatíveis com os dois estágios previstos pela janela de processo do material, confirmando a efetividade do banho de Zinco-Alumínio na obtenção do ADI.
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Books on the topic "ADI materials"

1

Mezhdunarodnai︠a︡ konferent︠s︡ii︠a︡ "A. I. Solzhenit︠s︡yn i ego tvorchestvo" (1988 New York, N.Y.). Materialy konferent︠s︡ii "A.I. Solzhenit︠s︡yn i ego tvorchestvo". Parizh: Izd-vo Tretʹi︠a︡ volna, 1988.

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Samotik, L. G. Literaturnyĭ onomastikon na materiale dilogii A.I. Chmykhalo: Slovarʹ. Krasnoi︠a︡rsk: Krasnoi︠a︡rskiĭ gos. pedagog. universitet im. V.P. Astafʹeva, 2005.

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Francesc, Rigol, ed. Ada y Max viven la Navidad. Barcelona: Editorial Esin, 1999.

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Francesc, Rigol, ed. Ada y Max aprenden música. Barcelona: Editorial Esin, 1999.

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Legal aid cases and materials. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Legal and Human Rights Centre, 2014.

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Fité, Anna María. Ada y Max visitan una granja. Barcelona: Editorial Esin, 1998.

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506, ACI Committee. Specification for materials, proportioning, and application of shotcrete (ACI 506.2-90). Detroit, Mich: The Institute, 1990.

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Fité, Anna María. Ada y Max van de excursión al río. Barcelona: Editorial Esin, 1998.

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Ada, Alma Flor. The lizard and the sun: La lagartija y el sol / Alma Flor Ada ; ilustrado por Felipe Dávalos ; traducido por Rosalma Zubizarreta. New York: Dragonfly Books, 1997.

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Ada y Max en el pueblo marinero. Barcelona: Editorial Esin, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "ADI materials"

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Vĕchet, Stanislav, Jan Kohout, Klára Hanzlíková, and Vojtěch Hrubý. "The Influence of Mean Stress on Fatigue Properties of ADI." In Materials Science Forum, 341–44. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-469-3.341.

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Kapturkiewicz, Wojciech, Edward Fraś, Janusz Lelito, and Andriy A. Burbelko. "Measurement of the Kinetics of Thermal Effects during Phase Transformations in ADI." In Materials Science Forum, 585–90. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-991-1.585.

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Moon, B. M., B. H. Kim, J. S. Shin, and S. M. Lee. "Permanent Mold Casting Practice and Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thin-Sectioned ADI Casting." In Advanced Materials Research, 531–34. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-463-4.531.

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Hanzlíková, Klára, Stanislav Vĕchet, Jan Kohout, and Josef Zapletal. "The Optimization of the Isothermal Transformation Dwell of the ADI Obtained at Transformation Temperature of 380 °C." In Materials Science Forum, 337–40. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-469-3.337.

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Clarke, Roy, and R. Merlin. "Artificially Structured Incommensurate Materials." In NATO ASI Series, 359–65. New York, NY: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0184-5_33.

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Otani, Yoshichika. "Coercivity of Nanostructured Materials." In NATO ASI Series, 695–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2590-9_74.

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Cullen, J. R. "Random Anisotropy in Magnetic Materials." In NATO ASI Series, 367–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2590-9_41.

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Givord, D., Q. Lu, and M. F. Rossignol. "Coercivity in Hard Magnetic Materials." In NATO ASI Series, 635–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2590-9_70.

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Baeriswyl, Dionys. "Polarons in Quasi-One-Dimensional Materials." In NATO ASI Series, 115–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5961-6_10.

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Zagrodziński, Jerzy A. "Soliton Type Propagation in HTcS Materials." In NATO ASI Series, 367–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1609-9_57.

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Conference papers on the topic "ADI materials"

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Polishetty, Ashwin, Sarat Singamneni, and Guy Littlefair. "A Comparative Assessment of Austempered Ductile Iron as a Substitute in Weight Reduction Applications." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72091.

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Manufacturing engineering has had to undergo drastic changes in the approach to material selection in order to meet new design challenges. In the automotive industry, researchers in their effort to reduce emissions and satisfy environmental regulations, have shifted their focus to new emerging materials such as high-strength aluminium alloys, metal matrix composites, plastics, polymers and of late, Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI). ADI is a good choice for design where the criterion is high performance at reduced weight and cost. The unique, ausferrite microstructure gives the material desirable material properties and an edge over other materials. A comparative study of ADI in terms of materials properties and machining characteristics with other materials is desirable to highlight the potential of the material. This paper focuses on a comparative assessment of material and machining characteristics of ADI for different applications. The properties under consideration are machinability, weight and cost savings and versatility. ADI has a higher strength-to-weight ratio than aluminium making it a ready alternative for material selection. In terms of machinability, there are some problems associated with machining of ADI due to its work hardening nature. This paper attempts to identify the possible potential applications of ADI, by critically reviewing specific applications such as machinability, overall economics and service.
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Elósegui, I., L. N. López de Lacalle, Francisco Chinesta, Yvan Chastel, and Mohamed El Mansori. "Threading on ADI Cast Iron, Developing Tools and Conditions." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES (AMPT2010). AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3552340.

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Ramadan, O. "Unconditionally stable ADI-FDTD formulations of the PML for left-handed materials." In 2005 European Microwave Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eumc.2005.1610128.

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Bordoloi, Supriya, and Yang Saring. "Spectral Analysis of vowels of Adi Language of Arunachal Pradesh." In 2018 2nd International Conference on Electronics, Materials Engineering & Nano-Technology (IEMENTech). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iementech.2018.8465327.

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Warsinski, Karl C., Pasi T. Lautala, and Paul G. Sanders. "Austempered Ductile Iron Performance at Rail Wheel Operating Conditions." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3781.

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As transportation costs rise, rail stock material improvements are critical to improving efficiency, durability, and performance. Steel wheels have been a consistent part of rail equipment, but it may be time to assess potential other alloys and materials in anticipation of future demands. Strength requirements are steadily increasing with rail car capacity, while weight savings in equipment can reduce fuel costs and/or increase carrying capacity. Herein, the current requirements for railroad wheels are discussed and compared with experimental evaluation of a potential alternative material, austempered ductile iron (ADI). ADI is an attractive wheel material because of its higher strength-to-weight ratio (as compared to steel) and its wear resistance. ADI castings are also typically cheaper to produce than steel. While ADI can meet or exceed the strength of steel components, it is also comparable in ductility and impact strength, so conversion to ADI does not bring additional risk of brittle fracture, as is commonly the case when achieving higher strengths. There are challenges with its implementation, however. AAR certification of new materials is costly and time consuming, so adoption is unlikely until there is a very compelling business case. Heat produced during on-tread braking has the potential to damage the heat-treated structure of ADI. The regular exchange of cars across different sections of track and therefore different managing companies requires that new wheel materials be fully backwards compatible, so alterations in design are severely limited. This paper will take initial steps toward assessing the potential of ADI railroad wheels by investigating the performance of ADI at elevated temperatures, and comparing the results to measured and simulated wheel temperatures.
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Zhai, Meng-Lin, Hong-Li Peng, Jun-Fa Mao, and Wen-Yan Yin. "Modeling tunable graphene-based filters using leapfrog ADI-FDTD method." In 2015 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imws-amp.2015.7325025.

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Evawati, Diana, and Susilowati Susilowati. "Development Of Interactive Digital Learning Materials On Nutrition Science Course in Adi Buana University Surabaya." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Business, Law And Pedagogy, ICBLP 2019, 13-15 February 2019, Sidoarjo, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.13-2-2019.2286042.

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Meena, A., M. El Mansori, P. Ghidossi, Francisco Chinesta, Yvan Chastel, and Mohamed El Mansori. "Machinability of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) Produced by Integrated Green Technology of Continuous Casting-Heat Treatment Processes." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES (AMPT2010). AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3552404.

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Polishetty, Ashwin, and Guy Littlefair. "Recent Advances in Machining of Austempered Ductile Iron to Avoid Machining Induced Microstructural Phase Transformation Reaction." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-3903.

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Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) is a type of nodular, ductile cast iron subjected to heat treatments — austenitising and austempering. Whilst machining is conducted prior to heat treatment and offers no significant difficulty, machining post heat treatment is demanding and often avoided. Phase transformation of retained austenite to martensite leading to poor machinability characteristics is a common problem experienced during machining. Study of phase transformations is an investigative study on the factors — plastic strain (εp) and thermal energy (Q) which effect phase transformations during machining. The experimental design consists of face milling grade 1200 at variable Depth of Cut (DoC) range from 1 to 4 mm, coolant on/off, at constant speed, 1992 rpm and feed rate, 0.1 mm/tooth. Plastic strain (εp) and martensite content (M) at fracture point for each grade was evaluated by tensile testing. The effect of thermal energy (Q) on phase transformations was also verified through temperature measurements at DoC 3 and 1 mm using thermocouples embedded into the workpiece. Finally, the amount of plastic strain (εp) and thermal energy (Q) responsible for a given martensite increase (M) during milling was related and calculated using a mathematical function, M = f (εp, Q). The future work of the thesis involves an in-depth study on the new link discovered through this research: mathematical model relating the role of plastic strain and thermal energy in martensite formation.
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Beghini, Alessandro, David Shook, and Arkadiusz Mazurek. "Material Optimization for Tall Buildings." In AEI 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479070.050.

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Reports on the topic "ADI materials"

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Kennedy, Alan, Jonathon Brame, Taylor Rycroft, Matthew Wood, Valerie Zemba, Charles Weiss, Matthew Hull, Cary Hill, Charles Geraci, and Igor Linkov. A definition and categorization system for advanced materials : the foundation for risk-informed environmental health and safety testing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41803.

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Novel materials with unique or enhanced properties relative to conventional materials are being developed at an increasing rate. These materials are often referred to as advanced materials (AdMs) and they enable technological innovations that can benefit society. Despite their benefits, however, the unique characteristics of many AdMs, including many nanomaterials, are poorly understood and may pose environmental safety and occupational health (ESOH) risks that are not readily determined by traditional risk assessment methods. To assess these risks while keeping up with the pace of development, technology developers and risk assessors frequently employ risk-screening methods that depend on a clear definition for the materials that are to be assessed (e.g., engineered nanomaterial) as well as a method for binning materials into categories for ESOH risk prioritization. In this study, we aim to establish a practitioner-driven definition for AdMs and a practitioner-validated framework for categorizing AdMs into conceptual groupings based on material characteristics. The definition and categorization framework established here serve as a first step in determining if and when there is a need for specific ESOH and regulatory screening for an AdM as well as the type and extent of risk-related information that should be collected or generated for AdMs and AdM-enabled technologies.
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Sleep, Matthew, and Damian Matzen. ADA Accessible Trail Improvement with Naturally Occurring, Sustainable Materials. Transportation Research and Education Center (TREC), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.249.

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GRONEWALD, PATRICK J., ARTHUR J. MANSURE, and GEORGE E. STALLER. Indonesian LCM Evaluation Tests Using a Modified API Bridging-Materials Tester[Lost Circulation Materials]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/791884.

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Rajendran, N. Controlled low strength materials (CLSM), reported by ACI Committee 229. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/505263.

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Taylor, Richard H., Frisco Rose, Cormac Toher, Ohad Levy, Marco B. Nardelli, and Stefano Curtarolo. A RESTful API for Exchanging Materials Data in the AFLOWLIB.org Consortium. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada597638.

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Bernal, Pedro, Sebastián Martínez, and Pablo Celhay. Supplementary Materials for: Is Results-Based Aid More Effective than Conventional Aid?: Evidence from the Health Sector in El Salvador. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000985.

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Qamhia, Issam, Erol Tutumluer, and Han Wang. Aggregate Subgrade Improvements Using Quarry By-products: A Field Investigation. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-017.

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This report presents a case study for constructing aggregate subgrade improvement (ASI) layers using quarry by-product aggregates (QBA), a quarry mix of large primary crushed rocks (PCR) and sand-sized quarry fines. The construction took place at Larry Power Road in Bourbonnais Township in Kankakee County, Illinois, where the Illinois Department of Transportation placed two QBA mixes. The first mix (QBA_M1) consisted of 45% quarry by-products and 55% railroad ballast–sized 3×1 PCR. The second mix (QBA_M2) consisted of 31% and 69% quarry by-products and PCR, respectively. Two conventional ASI sections were also constructed conforming to Illinois Department of Transportation’s CS02 gradation. All sections consisted of a 9 in. (229 mm) QBA/PCR layer topped with a 3 in. (76 mm) dense-graded capping layer. Laboratory studies preceded the construction to recommend optimum quarry by-product content in the QBA materials and construction practice. The Illinois Center for Transportation research team monitored the quality and uniformity of the construction using nondestructive testing techniques such as dynamic cone penetrometer, lightweight deflectometer, and falling weight deflectometer. The segregation potential was monitored by visual inspection and imaging-based techniques. Short-term field evaluation of the constructed QBA layers, particularly QBA_M2 with a 31% quarry by-product content, showed no evidence of abnormal segregation and did not jeopardize the structural integrity of the QBA ASI layers, which had slightly lower but comparable strength and stiffness profiles to the conventional ASI sections. The use of QBA materials in ASI was field validated as a sustainable construction practice to provide stable pavement foundation layers.
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Bando, Rosangela, Sebastián Galiani, and Paul Gertler. Another Brick on the Wall: On the Effects of Non-Contributory Pensions on Material and Subjective Well Being. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003082.

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Public expenditures on non-contributory pensions are equivalent to at least 1 percent of GDP in several countries in Latin America and is expected to increase. We explore the effect of non-contributory pensions on the well-being of the beneficiary population by studying the "Pensiones Alimentarias" program established by law in Paraguay, which targets older adults living in poverty. Households with a beneficiary increased their level of consumption by 44 percent. The program improved subjective well-being in 0.48 standard deviations. These effects are consistent with the findings of Bando, Galiani and Gertler (2020) and Galiani, Gertler and Bando (2016) in their studies on the non-contributory pension schemes in Peru and Mexico. Thus, we conclude that the effects of non-contributory pensions on well-being in Paraguay are comparable to those found for Peru and Mexico and add to the construction of external validity.
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Kolodziejczyk, Bart. Unsettled Issues Concerning the Use of Green Ammonia Fuel in Ground Vehicles. SAE International, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021003.

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While hydrogen is emerging as a clean alternative automotive fuel and energy storage medium, there are still numerous challenges to implementation, such as the economy of hydrogen production and deployment, expensive storage materials, energy intensive compression or liquefaction processes, and limited trial applications. Synthetic ammonia production, on the other hand, has been available on an industrial scale for nearly a century. Ammonia is one of the most-traded commodities globally and the second most-produced synthetic chemical after sulfuric acid. As an energy carrier, it enables effective hydrogen storage in chemical form by binding hydrogen atoms to atmospheric nitrogen. While ammonia as a fuel is still in its infancy, its unique properties render it as a potentially viable candidate for decarbonizing the automotive industry. Yet, lack of regulation and standards for automotive applications, technology readiness, and reliance on natural gas for both hydrogen feedstocks to generate the ammonia and facilitate hydrogen and nitrogen conversion into liquid ammonia add extra uncertainty to use scenarios. Unsettled Issues Concerning the Use of Green Ammonia Fuel in Ground Vehicles brings together collected knowledge on current and future prospects for the application of ammonia in ground vehicles, including the technological and regulatory challenges for this new type of clean fuel.
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10

Milek, Karen, and Richard Jones, eds. Science in Scottish Archaeology: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.193.

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Abstract:
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four key headings:  High quality, high impact research: the importance of archaeological science is reflected in work that explores issues connected to important contemporary topics, including: the demography of, the nature of movement of, and contact between peoples; societal resilience; living on the Atlantic edge of Europe; and coping with environmental and climatic change. A series of large-scale and integrated archaeological science projects are required to stimulate research into these important topics. To engage fully with Science in Scottish Archaeology iv these questions data of sufficient richness is required that is accessible, both within Scotland and internationally. The RCAHMS’ database Canmore provides a model for digital dissemination that should be built on.  Integration: Archaeological science should be involved early in the process of archaeological investigation and as a matter of routine. Resultant data needs to be securely stored, made accessible and the research results widely disseminated. Sources of advice and its communication must be developed and promoted to support work in the commercial, academic, research, governmental and 3rd sectors.  Knowledge exchange and transfer: knowledge, data and skills need to be routinely transferred and embedded across the archaeological sector. This will enable the archaeological science community to better work together, establishing routes of communication and improving infrastructure. Improvements should be made to communication between different groups including peers, press and the wider public. Mechanisms exist to enable the wider community to engage with, and to feed into, the development of the archaeological and scientific database and to engage with current debates. Projects involving the wider community in data generation should be encouraged and opportunities for public engagement should be pursued through, for example, National Science Week and Scottish Archaeology Month.  Networks and forums: A network of specialists should be promoted to aid collaboration, provide access to the best advice, and raise awareness of current work. This would be complemented by creating a series inter-disciplinary working groups, to discuss and articulate archaeological science issues. An online service to match people (i.e. specialist or student) to material (whether e.g. environmental sample, artefactual assemblage, or skeletal assemblage) is also recommended. An annual meeting should also be held at which researchers would be able to promote current and future work, and draw attention to materials available for analysis, and to specialists/students looking to work on particular assemblages or projects. Such meetings could be rolled into a suitable public outreach event.
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