Academic literature on the topic 'Adf-external'
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Journal articles on the topic "Adf-external"
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IRUM SAJJAD, IRUM SAJJAD, and DR. MUHAMMAD AZAM KHAN. "Investigating the Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Pakistan." Journal of Business & Tourism 4, no. 2 (November 7, 2021): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v4i2.160.
Full textAbstract:
This article is an attempt to evaluate the effect of external debt on economic growth for during the period of 1980–2016. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test is used for determining stationarity, whereas the ADF test results exhibit that the variables used found are . The empirical results indicate that external debt and total debt service have deleterious and statistically significant impacts on GDP growth rate. The other explanatory variables namely human capital by life expectancy, exports, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)reveals significantly positive significant influence on GDP growth rate. Appropriate policy should be adopted by the policy makers to reduce external debt, increase volume of exports and enhance more foreign investment, it will boost economic growth in the country.
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Huang, Jun, Wei Sun, Jiaxin Ren, Ruichun Yang, Jingsheng Fan, Yunfeng Li, Xin Wang, Shija Joseph, Wenbin Deng, and Lihong Zhai. "Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Actin-Depolymerizing Factor (ADF) Family Genes and Expression Analysis of Responses to Various Stresses in Zea Mays L." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051751.
Full textAbstract:
Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) is a small class of actin-binding proteins that regulates the dynamics of actin in cells. Moreover, it is well known that the plant ADF family plays key roles in growth, development and defense-related functions. Results: Thirteen maize (Zea mays L., ZmADFs) ADF genes were identified using Hidden Markov Model. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 36 identified ADF genes in Physcomitrella patens, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa japonica, and Zea mays were clustered into five groups. Four pairs of segmental genes were found in the maize ADF gene family. The tissue-specific expression of ZmADFs and OsADFs was analyzed using microarray data obtained from the Maize and Rice eFP Browsers. Five ZmADFs (ZmADF1/2/7/12/13) from group V exhibited specifically high expression in tassel, pollen, and anther. The expression patterns of 13 ZmADFs in seedlings under five abiotic stresses were analyzed using qRT-PCR, and we found that the ADFs mainly responded to heat, salt, drought, and ABA. Conclusions: In our study, we identified ADF genes in maize and analyzed the gene structure and phylogenetic relationships. The results of expression analysis demonstrated that the expression level of ADF genes was diverse in various tissues and different stimuli, including abiotic and phytohormone stresses, indicating their different roles in plant growth, development, and response to external stimulus. This report extends our knowledge to understand the function of ADF genes in maize.
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Obregón-Cano, Sara, Rafael Moreno-Rojas, Ana María Jurado-Millán, María Elena Cartea-González, and Antonio De Haro-Bailón. "Analysis of the Acid Detergent Fibre Content in Turnip Greens and Turnip Tops (Brassica rapa L. Subsp. rapa) by Means of Near-Infrared Reflectance." Foods 8, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8090364.
Full textAbstract:
Standard wet chemistry analytical techniques currently used to determine plant fibre constituents are costly, time-consuming and destructive. In this paper the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to analyse the contents of acid detergent fibre (ADF) in turnip greens and turnip tops has been assessed. Three calibration equations were developed: in the equation without mathematical treatment the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.91, in the first-derivative treatment equation R2 = 0.95 and in the second-derivative treatment R2 = 0.96. The estimation accuracy was based on RPD (the ratio between the standard deviation and the standard error of validation) and RER (the ratio between the range of ADF of the validation as a whole and the standard error of prediction) of the external validation. RPD and RER values were of 2.75 and 9.00 for the treatment without derivative, 3.41 and 11.79 with first-derivative, and 3.10 and 11.03 with second-derivative. With the acid detergent residue spectrum the wavelengths were identified and associated with the ADF contained in the sample. The results showed a great potential of NIRS for predicting ADF content in turnip greens and turnip tops.
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Bezmen, P. "A CONTROL SYSTEM ON A CONTROLLED OBJECT STATE WITH AN OBSERVER AND A STATE REGULATOR." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2022-8-1-102-120.
Full textAbstract:
The paper proposes the model of a control system based on the controlled object state. The model includes a state observer and a state controller. The reference signal for this control system is the required values of the controlled object state variables. As a state observer of a controlled object in the control system model, the system "extended Kalman filter - adaptive digital filter" (the EKF-ADF system) is used. The structure and operation principle of the control system state controller are described. The adaptive algorithm of the control system state controller is presented.
The control system state controller with the adaptive algorithm uses the output data of the EKF-ADF system to form the controller output (error) vector. The output data consist of the state estimation vector performed by the EKF of the EKF-ADF system and the vector of the corrected state estimation performed by the ADF of the EKF-ADF system. The adaptive algorithm of the control system state controller takes into account the output data of the EKF-ADF system in such a way as to form the most reliable state controller output vector.
To confirm the effectiveness of the considered control system, the control process numerical simulation results of a mobile robot with a caterpillar mover are presented: the proposed control system simulation results are compared with the simulation results of the control system that uses the EKF as a state observer.
The combination of the state observer and the state regulator as part of the proposed control system makes it possible to control dynamic objects with state variables which are inaccessible to direct measurement and have non-periodic external disturbances.
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Goi, Arianna, Carmen L. Manuelian, Federico Righi, and Massimo De Marchi. "At-line Prediction of Gelatinized Starch and Fiber Fractions in Extruded Dry Dog Food Using Different Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Technologies." Animals 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10050862.
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This study aimed to assess the feasibility of visible/near-infrared reflectance (Vis-NIR) and near-infrared transmittance (NIT) spectroscopy to predict total and gelatinized starch and fiber fractions in extruded dry dog food. Reference laboratory analyses were performed on 81 samples, and the spectrum of each ground sample was obtained through Vis-NIR and NIT spectrometers. Prediction equations for each instrument were developed by modified partial least squares regressions and validated by cross- (CrV) and external validation (ExV) procedures. All studied traits were better predicted by Vis-NIR than NIT spectroscopy. With Vis-NIR, excellent prediction models were obtained for total starch (residual predictive deviation; RPDCrV = 6.33; RPDExV = 4.43), gelatinized starch (RPDCrV = 4.62; RPDExV = 4.36), neutral detergent fiber (NDF; RPDCrV = 3.93; RPDExV = 4.31), and acid detergent fiber (ADF; RPDCrV = 5.80; RPDExV = 5.67). With NIT, RPDCrV ranged from 1.75 (ADF) to 2.61 (acid detergent lignin, ADL) and RPDExV from 1.71 (ADL) to 2.16 (total starch). In conclusion, results of the present study demonstrated the feasibility of at-line Vis-NIR spectroscopy in predicting total and gelatinized starch, NDF, and ADF, with lower accuracy for ADL, whereas results do not support the applicability of NIT spectroscopy to predict those traits.
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KABABYA, D., A. PEREVOLOTSKY, I. BRUCKENTAL, and S. LANDAU. "Selection of diets by dual-purpose Mamber goats in Mediterranean woodland." Journal of Agricultural Science 131, no. 2 (September 1998): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698005577.
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The feeding behaviour of Mamber dairy goats grazing on Mediterranean woodland in the Upper Galilee mountains of Israel was studied throughout a year (1991/92). The percentages of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and condensed tannins (CT) were determined in samples collected by hand to simulate the plant parts selected by the goats. Total feed intake was evaluated by using Cr-sesquioxide as an external marker to determine the amount of faeces excreted, and 48 h in sacco degradability to assess the digestibility of samples. Overall, more time was spent by goats in feeding on ligneous material (tree and shrub foliage) than herbaceous vegetation (60 and 40% of total feeding time, respectively, P<0·05). The main ligneous species consumed by the goats were Quercus calliprinos, Sarcopoterium spinosum and Calicotome villosa (20, 13 and 7% of total grazing time, respectively). There was considerable variability in the 48 h dry matter (DM) in sacco degradability, and in the concentration of CP, NDF, ADF, ADL and CT, within and between seasons and plant species. Although requirements for nutrients varied according to the physiological stage of the goats, 48 h in sacco DM degradability and the concentration of non-ADF linked (available) CP, NDF, ADF, ADL and CT in the diet did not vary greatly: respective ranges were 45·0–49·4; 9–12·5; 44–53; 33–39; 12–17 and 3·5–4·7%. It is concluded that Mamber goats (i) may not select the best quality diet available, but may avoid wide variations in nutrient content of their diets throughout the year; and (ii) may not select a diet consistent with maximization of milk yield, but rather with optimization of body condition at the onset of the mating season.
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Cigdem, Gülgün. "Sustainability of Current Account Deficit in Turkey and an Ampirical Analysys for Unit Root Test with Two Structural Breaks." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 12 (November 19, 2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n12p253.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, Turkey’s current account deficit problem between the years 1980-2016 is tested whether it is sustainable or not. For this purpose, the ADF and the PP Unit Root test were applied firstly to the annual current account deficit (CAD)/GDP data from the IMF. Then, Lee Strazicich (2003, 2004) Unit Root Tests with two structural breaks was applied. Allowing Lee Strazicich with two structural breaks differs from the Zivot-Andrews (ZA)(1992) and Lumsdaine-Papell (LP) (1997) unit root tests in establishing the basic hypothesis. The ZA and LP unit root tests are based on the basic hypothesis of unit root existence without structural fracture. Based on the Lagrange multiplier proposed by Schmidt and Phillips (1992), LM unit root test with two structural breaks developed by Lee-Strazicich adopted the structural fractured unit root basic hypothesis.According to the ADF and PP test results, the CAD/GDP series is stationary at the level for both models. According to the LM test results, the unit root null hypothesis could be rejected. It is a stationary process in Turkey. This result is consistent with the ADF and PP test results. Empirical findings obtained from LM unit root test with two structural breaks show that current account deficits in Turkey are sustainable. The fact that the current account deficit is sustainable means the sustainability of external debts. The sustainability of deficit is one of the most emphasized issues especially from the perspective of countries which are dependent on foreign capital to finance their development and also crucial for the global system.
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Atiq, Faaeza, Mudassir Uddin, and Irfan Hussain Khan. "The Impact of Key Macroeconomic Determinants on Pakistan’s Economy." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. II (June 30, 2020): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(v-ii).25.
Full textAbstract:
This paper intended to analyze key Macroeconomic factor’s effect on Pakistan’s economic development. The annual time-series data has been taken from 1980 to 2018 on External Debts, Foreign Direct investment. Consumer Price Index and Term of Trade. Variables stationarity is analyzed by ADF and Ng-Perron tests; afterwards, JJ test and Granger Causality test are used for Long-run (LR) & Short-run(SR) associations between variables, respectively. Also, Residuals Diagnostic Test used for checking residuals assumptions and CUSUM and CUSUMSQ are used for checking parameter constancy. The result shows significantly negative and positive long-run effects of External Debts and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) respectively on the economic growth of Pakistan. Albeit, Consumer Price Index (CPI), Term of Trade (TOT) and, FDI significantly Granger cause economic growth in the short-run. Research suggests that economic policies devised in such a way that deteriorates External Debts and attract foreign investments and strengthen the economic growth of Pakistan in the long-term.
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Ogbonna, Ogbonna, Ihemeje Ihemeje, Obioma Obioma, Hanson Hanson, and Amadi Amadi. "Impact of External Debt Management on Economic Growth of Nigeria." Journal La Bisecoman 2, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v2i2.359.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the impact of External debt management on economic growth of Nigeria. Using annual time series data collected over the period of 33 years (1986 – 2018). The data for the study were collected from the CBN statistical bulletin annual report. The variables on which data are collected include: Real Gross Domestic Product, External Debt, External Debt service, Balance of Payment and Exchange Rate. Data were analyzed using the Ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression analysis. It proceeded with Descriptive statistics; Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Co-integration test and Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The study revealed that impact of external debt management on economic growth of Nigeria over the period under review was statistically significant with external debt, external debt service payment and balance of payment but statistically insignificant with exchange rate. The study recommended that governments should establish and adopt an optimal balance between external debt acquisition and application /allocation of the acquired funds to productive projects for the purpose of making a high output and a steady economic growth. The management should live up to expectation by encouraging efficient commitment of borrowed funds to productive projects so as to comply with debt serving agreement and outright payments, measures such as improving exports should be implemented to ensure that local currencies are stable.
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Kayadi, Biradawa, Confidence Chinwe Opara, Christy Twaliwi Zwingina, and Udeme Okon Efanga. "Co-Integration Approach to Analysing The Impact of External Debt Management on Economic Growth of Nigeria." International Journal of Finance Research 2, no. 2 (September 20, 2021): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47747/ijfr.v2i2.336.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the impact of External debt management on economic growth of Nigeria. Using annual time series data collected over the period of 33 years (1986 – 2018). The data for the study were collected from the CBN statistical bulletin annual report. The variables on which data are collected include: Real Gross Domestic Product, External Debt, External Debt service, Balance of Payment and Exchange Rate. Data were analyzed using the Ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression analysis. It proceeded with Descriptive statistics; Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Co-integration test and Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The study revealed that impact of external debt management on economic growth of Nigeria over the period under review was statistically significant with external debt, external debt service payment and balance of payment but statistically insignificant with exchange rate. The study recommended that governments should establish and adopt an optimal balance between external debt acquisition and application /allocation of the acquired funds to productive projects for the purpose of making a high output and a steady economic growth. The management should live up to expectation by encouraging efficient commitment of borrowed funds to productive projects so as to comply with debt serving agreement and outright payments, measures such as improving exports should be implemented to ensure that local currencies are stable.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Adf-external"
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Romeo, Michele. "Development and applications of DFT methodologies for the simulation of core spectra of molecules adsorbed on surfaces." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/10902.
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2013/2014Questo documento riporta risultati di calcoli DFT di rilassamenti periodici e di spettri NEXAFS di core su soglia K per taluni sistemi di stato solido attraverso l’utilizzo di una metodologia computazionale ibrida. Appropriati modelli di cluster di tali rilassamenti vengono presi in considerazione per il calcolo degli spettri NEXAFS a livello finito in uno schema di approccio a orbitali molecolari. Il problema a cui ci si indirizza nella fattispecie riguarda la spettroscopia di molecole adsorbite su superfici. La prima parte del lavoro si focalizza sul calcolo di spettri NEXAFS K-edge di molecole di etilene e piridina adsorbite su superficie di silicio Si(100), rispettivamente ai livelli C1s e N1s/C1s per varie polarizzazioni del fascio di sincrotrone incidente, considerando differenti geometrie di adsorbimento in entrambi i casi. Nella seconda parte, viene fatta una scelta differente per cambiare la natura della superficie adsorbente, passando ad Ag(110) e Au(111) con vari addotti di ossigeno molecolare e di 1,4-paradiaminobenzene rispettivamente. Similmente al caso precedente, si effettuano simulazioni DFT di spettri NEXAFS ai livelli O1s e N1s per varie polarizzazioni del fascio di sincrotrone incidente. In tutti i casi si cerca di ottenere il miglior accordo con gli esperimenti considerati. I nostri studi mostrano una ragionevole convergenza degli spettri angolo-risolti calcolati con le loro controparti sperimentali e portano a concludere l’utilità di questo approccio computazionale nella definizione della geometria più probabile dell’adsorbato sulla superficie considerata.
XXVI Ciclo
1976
Book chapters on the topic "Adf-external"
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"Chapter 3: Azure Data Warehouse and Data Integration using ADF or External Tables." In Quick Start Guide to Azure Data Factory, Azure Data Lake Server, and Azure Data Warehouse, 65–98. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781547401277-003.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Adf-external"
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Zhumakunova, Tolkun, and Zhainagul Kydyralieva. "The Effects of External Debts on Economic Growth of Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02019.
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In developing countries, insufficient internal sources cause the increase of need on external sources. These countries in order to maintain their economic growth apply for external debt to cover the gap of foreign currency and savings. After the collapse of Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan began to use external funds. It is very important to use these sources in accurate areas and efficiently. Most empirical studies indicate a negative correlation between foreign debt and economic growth, especially in those countries whose foreign debts are relatively high. This work examines the correlation between foreign debt and economic growth in Kyrgyz economy. Toward this objective, it uses the economic indicators of Kyrgyzstan between 1993 and 2015. The stationarity of time series data used in this study was tested by the ADF test. Than a least-squares regression analysis is performed. According to the findings of study, foreign debt in Kyrgyzstan have a negative impact on economic growth. According to results foreign debt should be reduced in order to increase the level of economic growth in Kyrgyzstan.
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Ganiev, Junus, and Damira Baigonushova. "External Debt Sustainability in the Eurasian Economic Union Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02383.
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After the global financial crisis, there have been serious increases in state debt of most countries. In addition, the debts for economic development are constantly increasing in the Eurasian Economic Union countries. As a result, the sustainability problem of government debt arises. In some countries, such as Kyrgyzstan, a significant portion of government debt is taken from a single country. This situation increases the risk even more. The aim of the study is to analyze the sustainability of state debts comparatively in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. To this end, the current state of government and total external debt were analyzed in light of various sustainability rates. The ratio of government debt and debt service to variables such as Gross Domestic Product and export was determined and compared. ADF and PP unit root tests and quarterly data for the period 2008-2019 was used to determine the stability of external debt. According to the empirical results, it is showed that the external debt is unsustainable in EAEU countries. Therefore, they need to implement rational policies on external debt management, in both the public and private sectors.