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Journal articles on the topic 'Adenoids; Nasal endoscopy; Nose'
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Al-Assal, Khalid Dahham Radi, Ahmed Abass Mossa Al-Khafaji, and Jawad AbdulKadhum Beden Thuhabat. "Comparative Study between Nasal Endoscopic Findings and Nose and Paranasal Sinus Computerized Tomography in diagnosis of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses Diseases." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 16, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v16i2.264.
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Background: Nasal obstruction is common in otorhinolaryngology outpatient visitors. The diagnosis of such compliant is by history, clinical examination and diagnostic procedures. Nasal endoscopy and computerized tomography scan are common diagnostic investigations. Nasal obstruction is either anterior or posterior (nasal septal deviations, hypertrophied turbinate pathological cyst, polyps, mass etc), or postnasal obstruction (hypertrophied turbinate, adenoid hypertrophy, nasopharyngeal cyst or nasopharyngeal tumors).
Aim of study: Prospective study to compare endoscopic finding and computerized tomography of nose, paranasal sinuses and postnasal space as diagnostic methods for nasal obstruction and other nose, paranasal sinuses and post nasal space diseases.
Subjects and methods: 80 patients with nasal obstruction between the age of 12-60 years old.All patient were examined by nasal endoscopy (rigid or flexible) under local anaesthesia (10 % xylocaine spray and cotton wicks soaked with ephidren 0.5 % and xylocaine 2 % ) and nose, paranasal sinuses and post nasal space C.T. scan,weather without contrast or with it, bone window or soft tissue according to the lesion.
Results: Both nasal endoscopy and C.T. scan were an important tools for diagnosis of nasal diseases and complementary to each other.
Conclusion: Endoscopic examination of the nose gives a real view of nasal structures, postnasal space, any mass or polyps present.Computerized tomography is an accurate diagnostic method of the Nose, paranasal sinuses and post nasal spaces anatomical variations or pathologies.
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Revyakina, V. A., T. I. Garaschenko, and A. M. Samohvat. "Allergic rhinitis or adenoid vegetations/adenoids. Where is the truth?" Russian Journal of Allergy 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2014): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja568.
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Background. Children with frequent acute respiratory viral infections and clinical symptoms of the upper respiratory tract are often prescribed unwarranted surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the allergic reactivity in children with frequent acute respiratory viral infections and obstructed nasal breathing. Methods. The study included 48 children aged from 2 to 7 years old, 29 boys and 19 girls. Clinical examination including anamnesis morby and family anamnesis of allergy, endoscopic examination of the nose and nasopharynx, total and allergen-specific IgE determination were performed. Results. In 87,5% of children with frequent acute respiratory viral infections and previously diagnosed adenoid hypertrophy degree II-III with a block of auditory tube pharyngeal mouths or hypertrophy of adenoid hypertrophy with II degree pipe rollers, pipe tonsils, allergic rhinitis (?) hypersensitivity to house dust mites and in 54,1% to pollen was detected. In 25,0% of children allergen-specific IgE antibodies to food allergens (cow’s milk, nuts, grains, pears) were identified. 33,3% of children had high levels of allergen-specific IgE antibodies to cats and dogs epidermidis. Conclusion. Children with frequent acute respiratory viral infections and nasal obstruction require allergist survey to develop treatment strategies.
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Dawood, Mohammed R., and Ammar H. Khammas. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Radiology and Endoscopy in the Assessment of Adenoid Hypertrophy." An International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Clinics 9, no. 1 (February 2, 2017): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1251.
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ABSTRACT Aim To clarify the diagnostic accuracy of the lateral X-ray of nasopharynx, and the flexible nasopharyngoscopy in the assessment of adenoid hypertrophy, with the preoperative rigid nasal endoscopic observation, as it was considered as a reference standard guide. Materials and methods This is a prospective observational study that included 80 children who planned to undergo adenoidectomy due to the symptoms found related to adenoid hypertrophy. All the children underwent a relevant clinical history and full ear, nose, and throat (ENT) examination, and the grading of adenoid hypertrophy was done preoperatively with the lateral X-ray of the nasopharynx and the flexible nasopharyngoscopy. These findings were analyzed and compared with the peroperative rigid nasal endoscopic assessment of adenoid hypertrophy, which was considered as a reference guide. Results There were 44 boys (55%) and 36 girls (45%), with mean age of 5.176 (±1.873) years, and the highest frequency of adenoid hypertrophy was found in the age group of 4 to 6 years (62.45%); the most common grade of the adenoid size in all the types of the assessment was grade 3. The assessment of adenoid grading by both flexible and peroperative rigid nasal endoscopy versus radiology was statistically significant, with p value of 0.0001, while the adenoid grading between flexible and peroperative rigid nasal endoscopic assessment was almost comparable, as no significant difference was found, with p value of 0.46. Conclusion Flexible nasopharyngoscopy was a more reliable diagnostic tool in the assessment of the adenoid size than lateral nasopharyngeal X-ray, as it correlates well with peroperative rigid nasal endoscopic finding. How to cite this article Dawood MR, Khammas AH. Diagnostic Accuracy of Radiology and Endoscopy in the Assessment of Adenoid Hypertrophy. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2017;9(1):6-9.
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Bhat, Vikram Kemmannu, Aroosh Thevaruparambil Paramu, and Shwetha Nagachar. "Predisposing Sinonasal Disease Foci: Do They Really Affect Mucosal Chronic Otitis Media?" Annals of Otology and Neurotology 01, no. 02 (September 2018): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1636944.
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Abstract Background This study aimed to find the relationship between sinonasal predisposing foci in chronic otitis media mucosal disease (COMMD) and risk from these predisposing disease foci, and to identify the correlation of bacterial flora of the ear and nose in chronic otitis media. Materials and Methods This was a prospective case–control study with 100 cases and 100 controls. All patients underwent a detailed clinical ear-nose-throat (ENT) examination and diagnostic nasal endoscopy to look for sinonasal and pharyngeal pathology. In all patients, ear and nasal swabs were taken at the first visit. The relationship between these factors and COMMD was studied by appropriate statistical tests. Observations and Results Extremely significant association between tubal tonsil hypertrophy and COMMD, very significant association between adenoid hypertrophy and COMMD, and just significant association between deviated nasal septum, inferior turbinate hypertrophy, concha bullosa, and COMMD were found. No significant association was found between sinusitis and COMMD. In this study Staphylococcus aureus (51%) was the predominant organism isolated from ear swab, followed by Pseudomonas (27%). The same organism in nasal and ear swabs was demonstrated only in eight (13%) cases. Conclusion Sinonasal predisposing foci play a substantial role in the development of COMMD and observed in 97% of the cases with bilateral disease and 91% with unilateral disease in this study. Hence, every case of COMMD must undergo investigations such as diagnostic nasal endoscopy to discover these foci. Because sinonasal disease is one of the important factors contributing to otitis media, timely detection and management of symptomatic sinonasal disease must precede surgical management of COMMD.
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Thimmappa, T. D., and K. S. Gangadhara. "Adenoid hypertrophy in adults." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20190771.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Adenoid is a nasopharyngeal tonsil becomes active between 3 to 7 years of age. Starts involution by adolescence. Few of the occasions, the adenoid persists causing various symptoms including ear, nose, throat and facial deformities. It is also important while addressing the cause for nasal obstruction due to the co-existent adenoid tissue which may fail to diagnose pre-operatively becomes an on-table surprise.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Adult patients above 16 years are subjected to study. Routine clinical examination done followed by diagnostic nasal endoscopy and the size of the adenoid tissue and other associated findings are recorded. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 100 patients were included in the study and gradings were done.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We conclude the presence of adenoid tissue is due to persistence of a childhood problem, which is supported by presence of associated findings like high arched palate, supernumerary teeth.</p>
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Rawat, Mukesh, Archana Lall, and Kavita Sachdeva. "Nasomaxillary swellings: our experience at tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20210680.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>A wide spectrum of lesions may present as nasomaxillary swellings ranges from benign to malignant lesions including fungal sinusitis and fibro vascular lesions example: JNA (Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma) and Inverted papilloma. Many Pathologies ranging from benign to malignant tumors may mimic a simple Nasomaxillary mass. It is diagnostic challenge to determine pathology behind it. A detailed clinical evaluation with nasal endoscopy and relevant pre-operative investigations including radiological imaging and histopathological examination is essential to reach up to final diagnosis. The aim of the study was to do clinicopathological evaluation of patients presenting with nasomaxillary swelling and correlation of clinical, radiological and Histopathological findings.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective observational study on 50 nasomaxillary swelling patients who are presented in the Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery of N.S.C.B. MCH Jabalpur, a tertiary care Hospital, between March 2018 to August 2019. A detailed history taking and clinical examination with nasal endoscopy and relevant preoperative investigations including CECT Nose and PNS and histopathological examination was done in all patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>50 Nasomaxillary swelling patients were selected for this study. 30 patients were male and 20 were females. Ages of patients were varied from 12 years to 72 years. 23 patients (46%) were malignant and 27 (54%) were benign. Histopathological examination results shows benign lesions like JNA (6 cases), fungal sinusitis (6 cases), dermoid cyst (1 case), inverted papilloma (3 cases), sebaceous cyst (1 case), jaw lesions (10 cases), (odontogenic like radicular/ infected cyst, dentigerous cyst, cystic ameloblastoma and non-odontogenic like fibrous dysplasia) and malignant lesions like SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) (12 cases), spindle cell sarcoma (2 cases), undifferentiated carcinoma (3 cases), adenocarcinoma (3 cases), adenoid cystic carcinoma (1 case), Invasive pleomorphic sarcoma (1 case) and malignant melanoma (1 case). SCC was most common lesion f/b JNA and fungal sinusitis. Well differentiated SCC was most common histological type (10 out of 12 cases of SCC). Most common symptom was nasal obstruction (66% cases) f/b epistaxis (52% cases) but epitasis was most common symptom among malignant and JNA cases. In 6 cases (3 JNA, 1 inverted papilloma, 1 malignancy and 1 radicular cyst) radiological diagnosis were not correlated with histological findings.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most our cases were malignant nasomaxillary lesions followed by fungal sinusitis and JNA. Most patients presented in advanced stage of disease so rapidly evaluation including nasal endoscopy should be done. CECT scan is essential to determine tumors extent and bony lesions. All patients should undergo hisotopatholigical examination. The final diagnosis should be made on the basis of clinical, radiological and histopathological findings.</p>
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Yousefzadeh-Chabok, Shahrokh, Guive Sharifi, Mohammad Ghorbani, Mohammad Samadian, Navid Kalani, and Ali Kazeminezhad. "Comparing Mononostril, Binostril, and One and a Half Nostril Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach for Treating Pituitary AdenomaPituitary Adenoma." Iranian Journal of Neurosurgery 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irjns.7.1.2.
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Background and Aim: EETA (Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach) is a preferred choice for pituitary tumors. EETA offers minimal invasiveness, fewer complications, and better outcomes than the sublabial or transseptal microscopic approach. EETA has three approaches: mononostril endoscopic transsphenoidal approach, binostril endoscopic transsphenoidal approach, and one and a half nostril approach. This study aims to compare three different EETAs and compare between microscopic transsphenoidal approach, transcranial approach and EETA. Methods and Materials/Patients: To provide up-to-date information, we concisely reviewed these three EETAs. Using the keywords of “neuroendoscopy”, “META” (Mononostril Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach), “OETA” (One and a half nostril Approach), “BETA” (Binostril Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach), “pituitary adenoma”, “EETA”, “endoscopy”, “transsphenoidal approach”, “transcranial approach for pituitary adenoma” and “microscopic transsphenoidal approach”. We retrieved all the relevant articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Medline. Then, we reviewed them and critically analyzed them. Results: In BETA there is free and easy movement of surgical instruments in the surgical field and a broader view of the sphenoid sinus and it is an excellent approach to resect large tumors. The META is suitable in tumors with limited involvement of the intra-sellar and supra-sellar area. The mononostril approach is not suitable and has some limitations for the following situations: a crowded narrow nasal cavity, a harder tumor with the invasive appearance or significant suprasellar extension, and lesions other than pituitary adenomas. The OETA provides a sufficient surgical corridor for a 2-surgeon/4 or 3-hands technique with a minimal injury of the nose and good operative results, free and easy movement of surgical instruments in the surgical field, low post-operative morbidity, and good post-operative quality of life. Conclusion: In EETA, knowing the size and consistency of tumor, general versus invasive pituitary adenoma, and the extent of parasellar and suprasellar extension, is essential. If we cannot reach a pituitary macroadenoma with a trans-sphenoidal approach, then we can use a transcranial approach for the removal of the tumor. The microscopic transsphenoidal approach is suitable for pediatric pituitary adenoma
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Nguyen Tu, The, Trinh Nguyen Luu, and Tuyen Tran Thi Kim. "STUDY THE CLINICAL FEATURES, TYMPANOMETRY AND EVALUTE THE TREATMENT RESULTS ADENOIDECTOMY." Volume 8 Issue 6 8, no. 6 (December 2018): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34071/jmp.2018.6.7.
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Objective: Determined the clinical features, tympanometry of children who have adenoid hypertrophy operated and evalute the treatment reults adenoidectomy. Material and method: 56 patients were diagnosed adenoid hypertrophy, who have tympanometry operated adenoidectomy at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Methods are cross sectional and propective studies. Results: Percentage of male (64.3%), female (35.7%). The most common age group is > 3-6 years old (46.4%). Main reason for being hospitalized is nasal discharge (48.2%). Funtional symtoms: nasal discharge (98.2%), nasal obstruction (96.4%). Endoscopy: adenoids grade 3 (53.6%), adenoids grade 2 (26.8%), adenoids grade 4 (14.3%), adenoids grade 1 (5.3%). 33% tympanograme type A, 27.7% tympanograme type C, 26.8% tympanograme type B, 12.5% tympanograme type As. After 6 weeks, results through funtional symtoms: nasal discharge (14.3%), nasal obstruction (8.9%). There aren’t adenoids grade 3 and 4, tympanometry in 90 ears without tympanostomy tube, 83.4% tympanograme type A, 8.9% tympanograme type C, 4.4% tympanograme type As, 3.3% tympanograme type B. Conclusions: Treatment of adenoid hypertrophy by adenoidectomy have good result about clinical and tympanometry. Key words: adenoid hypertrophy, tympanometry
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Hamza, Sunaina Binth, and Ranjith V. T. "Assessment of size of adenoid-comparison of adenoidal nasopharyngeal ratio and nasal endoscopy in children with chronic adenoiditis." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190922.
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Background: Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common cause of upper airway obstruction in paediatric patients and can have a significant influence on the health of the child. Children who have hypertrophic adenoids often exhibit nasal obstruction, snoring, sleep apnea, otitis media with effusion and craniofacial abnormalities. The main objective of this study was to know the association between size of adenoids and occurrence of otitis media with effusion (OME) and to correlate the grades of AH by lateral nasopharyngeal radiograph and nasal endoscope.Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study of 100 children who were diagnosed as chronic adenoiditis were studied clinically with relevant investigations. The digital X-ray nasopharynx lateral view and nasal endoscopic results of all the patients were analyzed and graded.Results: Mean Adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio for which OME was present was 0.72 which corresponds to X-ray grade 2. It was also found that 80.6% of X-ray grade 3 adenoids had OME and 100% of cases of endoscopic grade 4 adenoids had OME in either or both ears. 36 cases with grade 3 X-rays, 69% were in endoscopic grade 3 and 19.4% cases were shown to have complete choanal obstruction (grade 4).Conclusions: There is significant association between the size of adenoids and OME. The X-ray nasopharynx provides a more convenient method and nasal endoscopy is the gold standard method for determining whether the AH is clinically significant or not.
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R, Gayatri Devi, and Sethu G. "EVALUATION OF ADENOIDS BY ORONASAL AND NASAL SPIROMETRY." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2018): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27365.
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Objectives: The main aim of this study is to compare the oronasal and nasal spirometry among adenoid hypertrophy children before and after surgery.Methods: A total of 40 healthy and 40 adenoid hypertrophy children were recruited for this study with the age range from 6 to 15 years. All the children were examined by two measurements (1) oronasal spirometry and (2) nasal spirometry. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1), FEV 1/FVC%, forced expiratory time (FET), peak expiratory flow rate, peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR), and forced expiratory flow (FEF)25-75, FEF25%, FEF50%, FEF75%, FIF25%, FIF50%, and FIF75% were recorded.Results: All the parameters were significantly reduced in adenoid hypertrophy by nasal spirometry when compared to oronasal spirometry. FEV1/ FVC% was insignificant from oral to nasal values among adenoid hypertrophy in both the sexes. FET can act as an indicator for upper airway obstruction which shown significantly in adenoid hypertrophy but insignificant among control and adenoidectomy. Inspiratory parameters also had shown more variation in nasal than oronasal spirometry.Conclusion: Significant differences were found in many parameters between oronasal and nasal spirometry among adenoids and adenoidectomy. Nasal spirometry is a portable one, simple, and less cost-effective and so it can be used to determine the obstruction in the nose nasopharynx region.
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Pledger, Carrie L., Mohamed A. Elzoghby, Edward H. Oldfield, Spencer C. Payne, and John A. Jane. "Prospective comparison of sinonasal outcomes after microscopic sublabial or endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas." Journal of Neurosurgery 125, no. 2 (August 2016): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.6.jns142695.
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OBJECT Both endoscopic and microscopic transsphenoidal approaches are accepted techniques for the resection of pituitary adenomas. Although studies have explored patient outcomes for each technique individually, none have prospectively compared sinonasal and quality of life outcomes in a concurrent series of patients at the same institution, as has been done in the present study. METHODS Patients with nonfunctioning adenomas undergoing transsphenoidal surgery were assessed for sinonasal function, quality of life, and pain using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-20), the short form of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) instrument, the SF-36, and a headache scale. Eighty-two patients undergoing either endoscopic (47 patients) or microscopic (35 patients) surgery were surveyed preoperatively and at 24–48 hours, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS Patients who underwent endoscopic and microscopic transsphenoidal surgery experienced a similar recovery pattern, showing an initial increase in symptoms during the first 2 weeks, followed by a return to baseline by 4 weeks and improvement beyond baseline functioning by 8 weeks. Patients who underwent endoscopic surgery experienced better sinonasal outcomes at 24–48 hours (SNOT total p = 0.015, SNOT rhinologic subscale [ssRhino] p < 0.001), 2 weeks (NOSE p = 0.013), and 8 weeks (SNOT total p = 0.032 and SNOT ssRhino p = 0.035). By 1 year after surgery, no significant differences in sinonasal outcomes were observed between the 2 groups. Headache scales at 1 year improved in all dimensions except duration for both groups (total result 73%, p = 0.004; severity 46%, p < 0.001; frequency 53%, p < 0.001), with 80% of either microscopic or endoscopic patients experiencing improvement or resolution of headache symptoms. Endoscopic and microscopic patients experienced reduced vitality preoperatively compared with US population norms and remained low postoperatively. By 8 weeks after surgery, both groups experienced significant improvements in mental health (13%, p = 0.005) and vitality (15%, p = 0.037). By 1 year after surgery, patients improved significantly in mental health (14%, p = 0.03), role physical (14%, p = 0.036), social functioning (16%, p = 0.009), vitality (22%, p = 0.002), and SF-36 total (10%, p = 0.024) as compared with preoperative measures. There were no significant differences at any time point between the 2 groups for the total SF-36 or for any of the 8 subscales. CONCLUSIONS Patients who underwent either an endoscopic or a microscopic approach experienced the greatest nasal symptoms at 2 weeks postoperatively and exhibited similar time courses of recovery in nasal, headache, and quality of life assessments. Although patients who underwent endoscopic surgery experienced significantly fewer nasal symptoms during the first 8 weeks, by 1 year after surgery, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups.
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Rangaiah, Sowmya Tumkur, Vikram Kemmannu Bhat, and Mona Yadav. "Persistent adenoids and their secondary effects." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 7 (June 25, 2020): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20202774.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Regression of adenoids is assumed to be a physiological phenomenon at puberty. However, it has been found that it can persist well beyond adolescence into early adulthood, cascading a series of after effects in the upper respiratory tract that can cause considerable morbidity leading to public health problems. This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological features of persistent adenoids and their secondary effects on the upper respiratory tract.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective controlled study of 100 eligible patients in the age group of 15-60 years presenting with enlarged adenoids confirmed by nasal endoscopy. Equal number of controls without enlarged adenoids was also taken. Both the groups were evaluated for secondary effects like chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media with effusion, chronic otitis media and Eustachian tube dysfunction. The relationship between adenoid enlargement in adults and secondary effects was analysed statistically. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Seventy-seven patients with persistent adenoids had some or the other secondary effect. Eustachian tube dysfunction was present in 21, otitis media with effusion in 10, chronic otitis media in 29 and chronic rhinosinusitis in 33. In the control group only 46 had secondary effects. The association between the presence of adenoids and secondary effects was statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Adenoids can persist into early adulthood and majority of them can have secondary effects. Chronic rhinosinusitis was the commonest in this study. Careful evaluation by means of nasal endoscopy is required to identify them. This is crucial for the timely treatment of this condition in order to prevent the associated secondary effects.</p>
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Kubba, Haytham, and Brian J. G. Bingham. "Endoscopy in the assessment of children with nasal obstruction." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 115, no. 5 (May 2001): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215011907929.
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Nasal obstruction is common in children, and is often attributed to adenoid enlargement. This prospective study was performed to determine whether routine nasal endoscopy is of value for children undergoing surgery for nasal obstruction. Forty-eight children aged two to nine years undergoing adenoidectomy, and six normal controls, were examined under general anaesthesia with a 4 mm rigid endoscope. A video of the endoscopy was subsequently assessed independently by an observer blinded to the original findings and the presence of nasal symptoms.The endoscopist and independent assessor were in agreement regarding 86 per cent of the findings. Three quarters of the children had abnormalities on endoscopy in addition to enlarged adenoids, and in 23 per cent these were potentially of major clinical significance (unsuspected foreign body, gross septal deviation, gross hypertrophy of the turbinates). Endoscopy produced no post-operative complications and was possible in children as young as two years of age, without decongestants.Nasal endoscopy is a safe, objective and useful means of identifying potentially significant abnormalities in children with nasal obstruction.
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Varadharajan, Ramesh, and Sonee Thingujam. "Prevalence of Gerlach tonsil: a mucosa associated lymphoid tissue aggregation in the nasopharynx." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20205399.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The major aggregate of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx is the adenoid. The minor aggregate located in the nasopharynx is the Gerlach tonsils or tubal tonsils. The Gerlach tonsils are well described in the text books. But unlike the adenoids they are rarely visualized during routine endoscopic examination. Several studies conducted in children for recurrence of adenoids or serous otitis media after surgery; have reported tubal tonsil hypertrophy widely. This study in adults aims to see the prevalence of Gerlach or tubal tonsils visible during nasal endoscopy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The case records of 155 adult patients, aged between 18-50 years, who underwent pre-operative diagnostic nasal endoscopy for the management of septal deviations, chronic Sinusitis, nasal polyposis or eustachian dysfunction between Jan. 2019 to March 2020 are retrospectively reviewed and the endoscopy findings analyzed and presented. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Gerlach tonsil hypertrophy is reported to be more prevalent in children than in adults. When hypertrophied, the Gerlach tonsils can cause symptoms in adults also and can be visualized during nasal endoscopy. In this adult study, we report a 0.6% incidence of Gerlach tonsil hypertrophy. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The possibility of a Gerlach tonsil hypertrophy is to be remembered during nasal endoscopy in adult patients presenting with symptoms of eustachian dysfunction and past history of allergic rhinitis and adeno tonsillectomy. Comparing the size of the contra lateral torus tubaris and the eustachian tube opening during the act of swallowing is helpful in diagnosis.</p>
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Hazra, Sayan, Ankit Choudhary, Swapan Kumar Ghosh, Subhradev Biswas, and Kaustuv Das Biswas. "Role of CT Nose Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal Endoscopy for Decision Making in a Case of Deviated Nasal Septum." Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 27, no. 3 (December 29, 2019): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2019.v27i3.14.
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Introduction
Deviated nasal septum (DNS) can be asymptomatic in an individual or may cause nasal obstruction. The condition is generally diagnosed clinically and based on clinical diagnosis it is managed Surgically by large without much heed to diagnostic procedure. Thus, often underlying other causes of Obstruction is missed. Thus, it becomes essential to evaluate every patient presenting with history of Nasal obstruction and clinically Deviated septum, with aid of Nasal Endoscopy and CT scan Nose Paranasal Sinuses (PNS) to rule out/diagnose other coexisting conditions.
Methods and Methodology
100 patients who presented with nasal obstruction and clinically diagnosed to have Deviated Nasal Septum were then subjected to Nasal Endoscopy and CT scan Nose and PNS and findings were noted for analysis.
Results and Analysis
Of these 100 patients, 48 patients were found to have coexisting pathological conditions/anatomical variants. Various anatomical and pathological Conditions were found to coexist together. Inferior turbinate hypertrophy in 34% is the most common pathological condition found to be associated with DNS followed by of sinusitis in 25% patients apart from polyp, concha bullosa and paradoxical middle turbinate.
Discussion
Studies done so far shows there is a definite link of deviated nasal septum to various anatomical and pathological conditions of the nose. CT Scan Nose PNS and Nasal Endoscopy plays a vital role in diagnosing such anomalies.
Conclusion
Most of the patients, presenting with nasal obstruction and having Deviated Nasal Septum, undergo management without proper analysis and returns with recurrence of symptoms which could be analyzed properly if Nasal endoscopy and CT scan is employed during diagnosis of the condition, reducing risk of treatment failure.
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Savovic, Slobodan, Natasa Dragnic, Vladimir Kljajic, Ljiljana Jovancevic, Maja Buljcik-Cupic, and Slobodanka Lemajic-Komazec. "Correlations between symptoms, nasal endoscopy and computed tomography findings in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps." Vojnosanitetski pregled 77, no. 1 (2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp171218044s.
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Background/Aim. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic conditions that is diagnosed on the basis of the condition symptoms, nasal endoscopy and computed tomograhpy (CT) of the nose and paranasal sinuses. There are two forms of CRS: CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). The aim of this paper was to determine if there is a correlation between the symptoms, nasal endoscopy and CT in patients with CRSsNP. Methods. The study included 110 patients with CRSsNP. The intensity of the symptoms assessed on the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the condition of nasal mucosa and the presence of nasal secretion was estimated by endoscopic examination of the nose while CT was used to determine the Lund-Mackay (LM) score values. Pearson?s coefficient of correlation was used for statistic data processing. Results. The severity of the disease as a whole (r = 0.509) and nasal discharge (r = 0.562) moderately correlated with CT. Nasal congestion (r = 0.354) and the reduction of loss of smell (r = 0.324) mildly correlated with CT, while facial pain/pressure (r = 0.218) had a very weak correlation with CT. The severity of the disease as a whole (r = 0.717) and nasal discharge (r = 0.821) strongly correlated with nasal endoscopy. Nasal congestion (r = 0.525) had a moderate correlation with nasal endoscopy while facial pain/pressure (r = 0.345) and the reduction of the loss of smell (r= 0.394) had a mild correlation with nasal endoscopy. A moderate correlation was found between nasal endoscopy and CT (r = 0.630). Conclusion. The severity of the disease as a whole and nasal discharge have more significant correlations both with nasal endoscopy and CT in relation to the correlations between other symptoms and nasal endoscopy, as well as CT. More significant correlations between the symptoms and nasal endoscopy in relation to the correlations between the symptoms and CT and the existence of a moderate correlation between nasal endoscopy and CT, enable a lesser use of CT diagnostics and only in precisely defined situatiations.
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Musa, Zalilah, Abdul Razak Ismail, and Irfan Mohamad. "Kimura Disease of the Nose." Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jchs.v6i2.9928.
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Introduction: Kimura disease is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the subcutaneous tissue. It is of unknown etiology mainly occurring in head and neck region. Case report: A 34-year-old Malay lady presented with a gradually enlarging, painless right nasal bridge mass for one year duration. Clinical examination revealed a firm, immobile swelling measuring 2 cm x 2 cm. Nasal endoscopy showed no extension of the mass into the right nasal cavity. Surgical excision was performed where histopathological examination reported as finding consistent with Kimura disease. Conclusion: Kimura disease is extremely a rare benign disease, which can affect the head and neck structures. Manifestation at the nasal region is an extremely rare occurrence. Histopathological examination is needed to diagnose the disease.
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Sarma, Nayanjyoti, and Gautam Khaund. "A Comparative Study of Radiograph and Nasal Endoscopy in Diagnosis of Hypertrophied Adenoids." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 71, S3 (September 11, 2017): 1793–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12070-017-1155-9.
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García de los Ríos y Loshuertos, Alvaro, Marta Soler Laguía, Alberto Arencibia Espinosa, Alfredo López Fernández, Pablo Covelo Figueiredo, Francisco Martínez Gomariz, Cayetano Sánchez Collado, Nuria García Carrillo, and Gregorio Ramírez Zarzosa. "Comparative Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity in the Common Dolphin Delphinus delphis L., Striped Dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba M. and Pilot Whale Globicephala melas T.: A Developmental Study." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020441.
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Our goal was to analyze the main anatomical structures of the dolphin external nose and nasal cavity from fetal developmental stages to adult. Endoscopy was used to study the common development of the external nose and the melon, and nasal mucosa. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and anatomical sections were correlated with anatomical sections. Computed tomography (CT) was used to generate 3D reconstructions of the nasal bones and nasal cavities to study its development. Dissections, histological and pathological studies were carried out on the nasal mucosa to understand its function. These results were compared with the horse. Endoscopy showed an external nose with two lips and the upper lip is divided by a groove due to the nasal septum and an obstruction of right nasal cavity was diagnosed in a newborn. Two diverticula (air sacs) were found in the nasal vestibule and an incisive recess (premaxillary sac) in the nasal cavity. These findings were corroborated by 3D reconstructions of the nasal cavities, MRI, anatomical sections and dissections. The presphenoid and ethmoid bones were fused at early stages of fetal development. The ethmoid is the last bone to ossify in the nasal cavity.
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Eremeeva, K. V., and L. P. Badalyan. "Foreign body of the nasal cavity: case repot." Medical Council, no. 8 (April 18, 2019): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-8-98-101.
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This article presents a clinical case of a foreign body of the nasal cavity. To describe a foreign body in the nose, the term «rhinolite» is used, which originated from the Greek «rhino» (which means «nose») and «lithos» (which means stone). In this observation the optical endoscopy and cone-beam computed tomography demonstrated as the most informative methods for confirm the diagnosis and for determine medical tactics.
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Nayak, Rashmi, and Deepesh Prajapati. "Rashmdeep's Method: A Novel Method to Confirm Nasal Breathing." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 2 (2013): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-14-2-ii.
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ABSTRACT Mouth breathing has been a very prevalent oral habit, especially among children. Common etiologies behind this common occurrence can be physiologic enlargement of lymphoid tissue like adenoids leading to decrease nasopharyngeal airway or allergic rhinitis. The traditional or the latest methods used for diagnosing mouth breathing either are too subjective or cannot be performed in usual dental setups. This article presents an innovative method to confirm whether patient can breathe through the nose. This can also be used to diagnose any unilateral nasal blockade. How to cite this article Prajapati D, Nayak R. Rashmdeep's Method: A Novel Method to Confirm Nasal Breathing. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):ii-iv.
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Patel, Priyesh, and Sam P. Most. "Functionally Crippled Nose." Facial Plastic Surgery 36, no. 01 (February 2020): 066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701488.
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AbstractNasal obstruction is a common presenting symptom of patients seen by primary care physicians, otolaryngologists, and facial plastic surgeons. A variety of treatment strategies, both surgical and nonsurgical, have been used with success in improving nasal obstruction and quality of life. In a subset of patients, many of whom have either attempted these common treatment strategies or are intolerant of them, nasal obstruction remains a significant symptom. In these patients, there may be an identifiable problem, but it is simply not repairable or there is no identifiable anatomic issue. The management of these patients is discussed in this article, with an emphasis on a sensitive approach that takes into consideration a patient's mental health. While the need for diagnostic testing is generally not necessary for most cases of nasal obstruction, endoscopy and imaging should be considered in these patients. Validated patient-reported outcome measures are particularly helpful in providing an objective measure to a patient's frustrating symptoms. A variety of medications can be either contributory to the patient's symptoms or therapeutic if used appropriately. A variety of surgical interventions can also result in a functionally crippled nose and diagnoses including nasal valve stenosis, septal perforations, and empty nose syndrome are discussed. Importantly, further surgical interventions may not be appropriate if a deformity is minimal, and a surgeon should resist the temptation to proceed with surgery in those situations.
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Parameshwar, Keshanagari, and Katakam Pampapathi Goud. "Assessment of efficacy of CT scan and diagnostic nasal endoscopy in chronic atrophic rhinitis cases." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20185297.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disorder leads to inflammation of nose and paranasal air sinuses. CRS affects quality of life of affected people, its diagnosis and management of is still a major challenge for the ENT specialists. CT scan and diagnostic nasal endoscopy of nose and paranasal sinuses plays an important role in the management of CRS.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total 42 cases with clinically diagnosed chronic rhinosinusitis between age group 2<sup>nd</sup> -6<sup>th</sup> decade were considered. All the participants underwent a systemic diagnostic nasal endoscopy and CT scan of nose and paranasal air sinuses before surgery. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Nasal blockage/obstruction (95.2%), headache/facial pain (90.4%), nasal discharge (85.7%), sneezing (76.1%) are commonest symptoms. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy noted to be a sensitive investigation tool for the sphenoethmoid recess, hiatus semilunaris and frontal recess. The sensitivity of above parameters is 100%, 94.8% and 95.1% respectively whereas, specificity is 83.2%, 79.5% and 94.8%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Diagnostic nasal endoscopy findings and CT scan findings correlated very well with the operative findings. In few cases DNE could not visualize all the parameters due to anatomical deviations. But CT scan is a specific diagnostic tool which depicted all the parameters except maxillary sinus and its bony shell in very few cases.</p>
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Arora, Archana, and Karan Sharma. "Pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal cavity- an unusual presentation." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 3, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20164824.
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<p class="abstract">Pleomorphic adenomas (mixed tumors) are the most common benign tumor of the major salivary glands. In addition, they may also occur in the minor salivary glands of the hard and soft palate. Intranasal pleomorphic adenomas are unusual. We report a rare case of large sized pleomorphic adenoma arising from the nasal septum. A 42-year-old man presented with a 3 month history of multiple episodes of nasal bleeding and obstruction on right side of nose. On examination we found a non-tender firm mass extending upto the nasal vestibule which bled on probing. Computed tomographic scans revealed a mass in the right anterior nasal cavity and spur on left side. Paranasal sinuses, posterior choanae and nasopharynx were normal. An intranasal endoscopic approach was used to achieve a wide local resection along with coagulation of base and spurectomy on the left side. The mass was 2.5×2.0 cm with a broad based attachement of 1.0 cm on the nasal septum. The microscopic finding showed a lobular and duct-like structures consisting of a loose chondromyxoid stroma suggestive of a pleomorphic adenoma. Large sized nasal cavity mass with history of epistaxis and which bleeds on probing should be finally assessed under general anaesthesia. It should be excised endoscopically and subjected to histopathological examination<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
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Saha, Mukulika, Shoham Banerjee, Rabi Hembrom, and Indranil Sen. "Use of Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scale in Objective Evaluation of Symptomological Improvement in Post Septoplasty Patients." Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 25, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2017.v25i1.105.
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Introduction
The complaint of nasal obstruction or difficulty in nasal breathing is highly subjective. Benefits of Septoplasty, as perceived by the patient, also varies widely with subjective satisfaction ranging from complete alleviation of symptoms to a total failure.
Materials and Methods
Fifty three patients above 18 years of age, with anatomical deviation of the nasal septum as the sole cause of obstruction and symptoms persisting for more than 3 months, underwent septoplasty. Nasal endoscopy was done for Mladina typing of the nasal septal deviation. Pre and post operative NOSE (Nasal Obstruction & Symptom Evaluation) score were analysed.
Results
Mean preoperative NOSE score was 11.98 ±1.23. On the 6th and 12th postoperative week follow up NOSE score was 3.13±1.30 & 1.05±0.87 respectively with p value <0.05.
Conclusion
Mladina typing along with NOSE score will help in letting the patient know about his or her expected outcome following septoplasty.
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Pilija, Vladimir, Maja Buljcik, Marija Mihalj, Slobodan Savovic, and Goran Stojiljkovic. "Classification and qualification of nose injuries: Clinical and forensic aspects." Medical review 58, no. 1-2 (2005): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0502033p.
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Introduction Nose injuries are of great importance in ENT and medico-legal practice. The importance lies in the frequency of injuries, diverse approaches to diagnosis, treatment and qualification of injuries used in legal proceedings in court. Objective assessment of health impairments due to an injury, requires knowledge about morphofunctional nasal characteristic, therapeutic procedures and medico-legal expertise. Nose injures: etiology and diagnosis Nasal fractures are the most common types of facial fractures which occur in different situations. They are often combined with soft tissue injuries. The diagnosis of nasal injuries involves clinical examination, radiography and nasal endoscopy. Classification and therapy of nose injuries There are several classifications of nasal injuries depending on pathological findings. The most acceptable one is the modified categorization after Harrison. The treatment of nasal injuries depends on the type of injury and possible complications. Qualification of nose injuries Nasal soft tissue injuries, nasal fractures, dislocations and partial dislocations should be assessed at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion Medical assessment of injuries is of utmost importance for legal purposes and regarding medico-legal aspects. .
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Buljcik-Cupic, Maja, and Slobodan Savovic. "Endonasal endoscopy and computerized tomography in diagnosis of the middle nasal meatus pathology." Medical review 60, no. 7-8 (2007): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0708327b.
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Introduction. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy enables clear visualization of all structures of the middle nasal meatus and of the ostiomeatal complex. It is a primary means for diagnosis of all anatomic variations and other pathogenic factors of the lateral nasal wall, which cannot be diagnosed by using anterior/posterior rhinoscopy. Furthermore, the effects of therapy can be endoscopically controlled and, if necessary, a surgical procedure may be performed. Computed tomography has become the imaging study of choice in the diagnosis and management of sinonasal diseases. It provides detailed information and an unparalleled view of the sinuses, especially the bony anatomy. Material and methods. The following methods were used in the study: endoscopic examination and CT of the nose and paranasal cavities. Data processing and comparison of diagnostic methods tomography was done using a biostatistical approach - kappa. Results. The correlation between computerized tomography and endoscopy of the nose and sixty nasal cavities of examined patients is significantly high, with mean kappa coefficient of k=0.89 i.e. k>0.8. Discussion and conclusion. The diagnosis of rhinosinusitis is generally based on clinical grounds. In 1997, the Task Force of Rhinosinusitis developed the major and minor criteria for diagnosing rhinosinusitis. The presence of two major or one major and two minor symptoms is generally sufficient to make a clinical diagnosis of rhinosinusitis. In order to make a specific diagnosis and provide specific treatment, ednonasal endoscopy is the method of choice. In cases with refractory rhinosinusitis, acute rhinosinusitis with complications, or atypical cases requiring confirmation of sinusitis, use of coronal and axial CT is necessary. This article confirms that diagnostic endoscopy of the nose and paranasal cavities with computer tomography of paranasal cavities represent an ideal combination and a widely recognized standard for diagnosis and treatment of nasal and paranasal cavity disorders in many countries. .
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Chakraborty, Priyanko, Rajiv K. Jain, Purnima Joshi, Rakhi Kumari, and Sidharth Pradhan. "Anatomic Variations of the Nose in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Correlation between Nasal Endoscopic and Computerized Tomography Scan Findings and a Review of Literature." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 9, no. 1 (2016): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1255.
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ABSTRACT Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) refers to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses. Nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scans are successfully used as diagnostic modalities of nose and paranasal sinus diseases. There have been many studies regarding the anatomic variations leading to pathogenesis of paranasal sinus diseases. Considerable progress has been made in the medical and surgical control of these conditions; however, a large number of questions relating to the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of the diseases remain unanswered. Materials and methods The study included 82 clinically diagnosed cases of CRS who underwent CT scan and were advised to undergo diagnostic endoscopy. The anatomical findings of the nose were compared to see correlation between nasal endoscopy and CT scan. Results The mean age (±standard error of the mean) of presentation was 34.11 (±1.42) years, while most patients were from the age group of 18 to 30 years. Males were predominating the study group with 62.2%, while 37.8% were females. The most common anatomic variation was deviated nasal septum with 92.68% CT reported patients. This was followed by inferior turbinate hypertrophy, septal spur, concha bullosa, and agger nasi cells. Conclusion Computed tomography scan is considered the gold standard for sinonasal imaging. Diagnostic endoscopy and CT scan are a must prior to any functional endoscopic sinus surgery. They help in assessing the extent of sinus disease and to know the variations and vital relations of the paranasal sinuses. Computed tomography scan assists the surgeon as a “road map” during endoscopic sinus surgery. How to cite this article Chakraborty P, Jain RK, Joshi P, Kumari R, Pradhan S. Anatomic Variations of the Nose in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Correlation between Nasal Endoscopic and Computerized Tomography Scan Findings and a Review of Literature. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(1):13-17.
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McCoul, Edward D., Cameron A. Todd, and Charles A. Riley. "Posterior Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy (PITH)." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 160, no. 2 (October 9, 2018): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599818805006.
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Hypertrophy of the soft tissue of the posterior inferior turbinate (PITH) may be observed during nasal endoscopy, although the clinical significance is not understood. We report a cross-sectional study of consecutive new patients undergoing baseline nasal endoscopy in a tertiary rhinology clinic. Subjects completed 22-Item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaires. Of 391 subjects screened, PITH was present in 62 (15.9%), with a female predominance. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis was comparable between PITH and non-PITH groups. Nonpurulent exudate flowing from the posterior inferior turbinate into the nasopharynx was more prevalent in association with PITH (83.9% vs 14.3%, P < .001). Mean SNOT-22 scores and NOSE scores were not significantly different between PITH and non-PITH groups. This preliminary study suggests that PITH is a common physical finding with unclear etiology and should be the subject of further investigation.
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Takeuchi, Hisashi, Seisuke Okamura, Tetsuo Kimura, Tatsuzo Itagaki, Koichi Okamoto, Masako Kaji, Hiroshi Miyamoto, Naoki Muguruma, and Susumu Ito. "Simple and Appropriate Pretreatment for Nasal Endoscopy: Usefulness of Vasoconstrictor Nose Drop." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 65, no. 5 (April 2007): AB322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2007.03.792.
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Ramesh Babu, G., G. Ravi Kumar, and V. Krishna Chaitanya. "Correlation of anatomical variations in chronic sinusitis with diagnostic nasal endoscopy and CT scan of paranasal sinuses: an observational study." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20184723.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Drainage and ventilation of paranasal sinuses are important for normal function which depends on effective mucociliary clearance. In present study we tried to emphasize variations in lateral wall of nose and clinical features leading to nose and paranasal sinus disease using diagnostic nasal endoscopy and variations in CT scan of paranasal sinuses. The objectives of the study are to observe various anatomical variations in nose and paranasal sinuses and their clinical presentation using diagnostic nasal endoscopy and CT scan of paranasal sinuses and to compare various anatomical variations in nose and paranasal sinuses.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Present study included 54 patients presenting in Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, during February 2015 to February 2017. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Diagnostic nasal endoscopy findings reveal that most common finding was polypoidal changes in nasal mucosa in 36 (66.67%) of patients, followed by mucopurulent discharge in 26 (48.14%), postnasal discharge in 20(37.03%) and 4 (7.40%) patients showed prominent agger nasi cell. CT scan of paranasal sinuses revealed multiple sinus involvement in 41 (75.92%) of patients with partial involvement of sinuses. Complete sinus opacification with pan sinusitis was observed in 9 (16.67%), blockade at osteomeatal complex was observed in 46 (85.18%), paradoxical middle turbinate was observed in 5 (9.25%), Concha bullosa was observed in 12 (22.23%) of patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Each variation have an anatomic and surgical significance, hence each and every case should be individually studied in detail before undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery to maximize patient benefit and to prevent unnecessary complications. Diagnostic nasal endoscopic examination is clinical guide to evaluate disease.</p>
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Penjor, D., A. K. Khizuan, A. W. Chong, and K. T. Wong. "A case of nasal chromoblastomycosis causing epistaxis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, no. 12 (November 10, 2014): 1117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114002655.
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AbstractBackground:Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that most commonly affects the feet and lower limbs. It is rare for this infection to occur on the face, and it is exceptionally rare for it to involve the nose and sinuses. This paper reports a rare case of nasal chromoblastomycosis in a 50-year-old Malaysian male.Case report:The patient, who was a rubber plantation worker in the southern state of Johor, presented to the ENT clinic with a history of epistaxis. He did not recall any history of injury to the nose. Nasal endoscopy showed a pale yellowish lesion at the inferior edge of the left middle turbinate. Histology revealed that this was a case of chromoblastomycosis.Conclusion:Chromoblastomycosis of the nasal cavity is very rare and can be mistaken for other granulomatous conditions in the nose. It progresses very slowly over many years. Our patient was managed conservatively, as he was not keen on undergoing surgical intervention. Lesion size remained the same at five months' follow up, with no recurrence of epistaxis.
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Jabbar, Rafid. "A review study of nasal endoscopy protocol during the COVID-19 pandemic." Iraqi National Journal of Medicine 2, CSI (October 15, 2020): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37319/iqnjm.2.csi.5.
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During ENT practice, we have to examine the nose and perform several nasal procedures in our clinics. Otolaryngologists are at a high risk of exposure to the COVID-19 virus. Nasal endoscopy is a major procedure for the diagnosis of the nasal and paranasal sinus diseases and introducing proper health services for our patients. In addition, the world is living the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, for which we have to protect ourselves, educate our medical staff, and work together against the spread of this severely contagious disease within our communities. The main purpose of this study is to review the protocol of nasal endoscopy in the ENT clinic and enhance the safest way to deal with patients during this pandemic.(1)
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Sriprakash, Vinnakota, and Shalini Singh Sisodia. "Correlation between nasal endoscopy and computed tomography in a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20195609.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with morbidity and affects the quality of life of the affected persons and increases their treatment costs. Diagnosis is mainly by nasal endoscopy or by computed tomography which is considered to be the gold standard.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Nasal endoscopy was done for all the patients under local anaesthesia. All the patients also underwent computed tomography and paranasal sinuses and the findings were scored according to Lund Mackay scoring system. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The most common age group was 31-40 years and nasal discharge was the most common symptom seen in 82% of the patients. The paranasal sinuses that were involved were predominantly maxillary sinus in a total of 88% of the patients. 22% of the patients have sinusitis in the anterior ethmoid of the left nose and 20% on the right nose. Bilateral was seen in 22% of the cases. The sensitivity of nasal endoscopy over computed tomography was 95.6% while the specificity was 80%. The positive predictive value was 97.7% and the negative predictive value was 66.7%. The accuracy of the test was 94%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Nasal endoscopy is found to be as good as the computed tomography for the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis and can be used on a regular basis for its detection among the patients. It not only lacks radiation but is also economically viable.</p>
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Khanam, Afroza, Gulshan Akhtar, Nabila Khanduker, Nurun Nahar Chowdhury, Mohammad Abdur Rahman, and Mohammad Asifuzzaman. "Sinonasal Sarcoidosis: A Case Report." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 15, no. 4 (December 18, 2016): 648–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v15i4.30723.
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Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology which principally affects the lower respiratory tract & lungs. Sarcoidosis in the head & neck region is infrequent. Isolated sino nasal sarcoidosis without pulmonary involvement is rare.Case: An 18 years old male patient presented with the complaints of nasal blockage, purulent nasal discharge which was occasionally blood stained for 6 months, deformity of nose, swelling of face & lips for 4 months & watering of eyes for same duration. Endoscopy of nose revealed intra nasal mucosal thickening which was friable & bleeds on touch. The diagnosis of sino nasal sarcoidosis was made by histopathological examination of nasal biopsy specimen.Conclusion: Sino nasal sarcoidosis is a disease of diagnostic challenge to the clinician as its mimicking clinical features may be misleading & cause delay in definitive diagnosis. In the current case report, we presented a case of sino nasal sarcoidosis presenting as chronic rhino sinusitis.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(4) 2016 p.648-650
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Belic, Branislav, Slobodanka Mitrovic, Snezana Arsenijevic, Ljiljana Erdevicki, Jasmina Stojanovic, Stevan Stojanovic, and Radojica Stolic. "Nasal septum extramedullary plasmacytoma." Vojnosanitetski pregled 70, no. 2 (2013): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1302221b.
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Introduction. Plasmacytomas are malignant tumors characterized by abnormal monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells. They originate in either bone - solitary osseous plasmacytoma, or in soft tissue - extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP). EMP represents less than 1% of all head and neck malignancies. Case report. We presented a case of EMP of the nasal septum in a 44-year-old male who had progressive difficulty in breathing through the nose and frequent heavy epistaxis on the right side. Nasal endoscopy showed dark red, soft, polypoid tumor in the last third of the right nasal cavity arising from the nasal septum. The biopsy showed that it was plasmacytoma. Bence Jones protein in the urine, serum electrophoresis, bone marrow biopsy, skeletal survey and other screening tests failed to detect multiple myeloma. This confirmed the diagnosis of EMP. The mass was completely removed via an endoscopic approach, and then, 4 week later, radiotherapy was conducted with a radiation dose of 50 Gray. No recurrence was noted in a 3-year follow- up period. Conclusion. EMP of the nasal cavity, being rare and having long natural history, represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for any ear, nose and throat surgeon. Depending on the resectability of the lesion, a combined therapy is the accepted treatment.
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Deosthale, Nitin V., Bhanupratap Singh, Sonali P. Khadakkar, Vivek V. Harkare, Priti R. Dhoke, Kanchan S. Dhote, Parulsobti Parulsobti, and Suraj Giri. "EFFECTIVENESS OF NASAL ENDOSCOPY AND C.T . SCAN OF NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES IN DIAGNOSING SINO - NASAL CONDITIONS." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 3, no. 14 (April 4, 2014): 3695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2014/2346.
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Singh, V., M. J. Brockbank, and G. B. Todd. "Flexible transnasal endoscopy: is local anaesthetic necessary?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 111, no. 7 (July 1997): 616–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100138125.
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AbstractPrior to flexible transnasal endoscopy (FTE) topical intranasal agents such as cocaine or combinations of a local anaesthetic and vasoconstrictor agent are generally recommended for local anaesthesia, easier access, and better examination of the interior of the nose, especially the middle meatus. This double-blind study involved 60 patients. Each had five per cent cocaine sprayed in one nostril and normal saline in the other. The pain/discomfort and gag scores showed no statistical difference.Forty-two (70 per cent) patients had a moderate/marked deviation of the nasal septum. A significant pain score (3–5) was obtained in 33.3 per cent of cases with the deviation towards the cocaine side and in 37 per cent of cases with the deviation towards the saline side. Ease of procedure scores for both sides were also comparable, when deviation of the nasal septum was taken into account.
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Balsalobre, Leonardo, Rogerio Pezato, Joao Mangussi-Gomes, Luciano Gregorio, Fernanda Louise Martinho Haddad, Luiz Carlos Gregorio, and Reginaldo Fujita. "What is the Impact of Positive Airway Pressure in Nasal Polyposis? An Experimental Study." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 23, no. 02 (March 7, 2019): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676095.
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Introduction It has been hypothesized that increasing the interstitial hydrostatic pressure within the sinonasal mucosa of patients with nasal polyposis (NP) might decrease the size of nasal polyps. Objective To evaluate the effects of positive airway pressure, delivered by a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, in patients with NP and in control subjects. Methods Twelve patients with NP and 27 healthy subjects were exposed to CPAP (20 cm H2O) for 2 hours. Visual analog scale (VAS), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale, acoustic rhinometry (AR), peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and nasal endoscopy (NE—Meltzer polyp grading system) were performed before and after the intervention, for all patients. Results The control group showed a significant worsening in nasal obstruction symptoms, as measured by VAS and NOSE (p < 0.01), and a significant decrease in nasal patency, as measured by the PNIF and AR (p < 0.01). For the NP group, VAS, NOSE, and AR did not differ significantly (p = 0.72, p = 0.73, and p = 0.17, respectively), but PNIF values worsened (p = 0.04) after exposure to CPAP. There was a statistically significant reduction in the nasal polyps' size (p = 0.04). Conclusions Positive pressure worsened the nasal obstruction symptoms and decreased objective parameters of nasal patency in control subjects. In patients with NP, exposure to CPAP reduced the nasal polyps' size, and the nasal patency, as measured by PNIF. However, it had no significant effects in AR and in nasal obstruction symptoms.
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Pedersen, Lars Aksel, S. Dölvik, K. Holmberg, C. Ahlström Emanuelsson, H. Johansson, L. Schiöler, J. Hellgren, and S. Steinsvåg. "Surgery to relieve nasal obstruction: outcome for 366 patients operated on by one senior surgeon." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 278, no. 10 (February 23, 2021): 3867–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06696-7.
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Abstract Background Studies of patient-rated outcome in septoplasty and turbinoplasty most frequently involve several surgeons with varying surgical skills, techniques and experience. The aim of the present study was to evaluate outcome based on one experienced surgeon. Methods Three hundred and sixty-six consecutive patients referred for nasal obstruction were included. All the patients were examined with nasal endoscopy before and after decongestion, they filled out a nose VAS and rated their overall general health before and three to six months after surgery. The patients underwent septoplasty, septoplasty plus turbinoplasty or turbinoplasty. Results The mean nose VAS for nasal obstruction (0–100) preoperatively was 64.7 for all patients. Patients undergoing septoplasty (n = 159) were younger than patients undergoing septoplasty + turbinoplasty (n = 79) or patients undergoing turbinoplasty alone (n = 128). The nose VAS for nasal obstruction improved significantly in all three groups and 25% had a normal nose VAS after surgery in the septoplasty and septoplasty + turbinoplasty groups compared to only 8% in the turbinoplasty alone group. There was no significant difference in the improvement in nasal obstruction between septoplasty and septoplasty + turbinoplasty, but the septoplasty + turbinoplasty group experienced a significantly greater improvement in general health. Conclusions In 366 patients operated on by one experienced surgeon, septoplasty and septoplasty + turbinoplasty were more effective at relieving nasal obstruction than turbinoplasty alone. Septoplasty + turbinoplasty resulted in a greater improvement in general health than septoplasty alone, despite the same improvement in nasal obstruction, indicating a beneficial effect of additional turbinoplasty in septoplasty.
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Bezshapochny, Sergey B., Natalia B. Sonnik, Olexander G. Podovzhny, and Oleksiy R. Dzhirov. "Treatment of acute nasopharyngitis in children." OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY No3(4) 2021, No3(4) 2021 (June 14, 2021): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37219/2528-8253-2021-3-62.
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Acute nasopharyngitis in children is an inflammation of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Recently, the use of saline solutions in the pathology of the nose and nasopharynx has become a leader in cleaning the mucous membrane. The main direction of modern pharmacotherapy of pathology of the nose and nasopharynx today is antiinflammatory therapy. There are a sufficient number of studies proving the effectiveness of mometasone furoate nasal spray in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx in children. Our study examined the clinical efficacy of Etacid in the treatment of acute nasopharyngitis in children. Among the clinical symptoms were considered nasal breathing disorders, nasalness, snoring, cough during sleep. Endoscopy studied stagnant signs in the nasal cavity, nasopharyngeal discharge, enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsil. Proven sufficient clinical efficacy of the drug "Etacid" in the treatment of acute nasopharyngitis.
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Gyawali, B. R. "LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CARCINOMA OF PARANASAL SINUS: A RARE CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE." UP STATE JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND HEAD AND NECK SURGERY VOLUME 8, ONE (April 7, 2020): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36611/upjohns/se/2020/7.
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Background: Lymphoepithelial carcinoma is one the rare tumor of nose and paranasal sinus with only few cases reported so far. Epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, modes of presentation and the management of this condition still remain elds to be explored. Case Presentation: A 55 years old lady presented with right sided nasal obstruction with nasal discharge for 2 years. Nasal endoscopy showed multiple pinkish, polypoidal mass almost lling whole of right nasal cavity. Imaging study showed soft tissue density with hyperdense area in right ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. Biopsy of the lesion revealed Lymphoepithelial carcinoma. Patient was managed by endoscopic debulking followed by radiotherapy. There was no evidence of tumor on follow up evaluation, six months after radiotherapy. Conclusion: Lymphoepithelial carcinoma can affect nose and paranasal sinuses. Although, a consensus on management of the disease is yet to be achieved, the best management so far is surgery followed by an adjuvant radiotherapy. Key words: paranasal sinus neoplasm, sphenoid sinus, ethmoid sinus
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Sanu, Sanoop, Shilpa Divakaran, Sabarinath Vijayakumar, Sunil Saxena, Arun Alexander, and Suryanarayanan Gopalakrishnan. "Dynamic Slow Motion Video Endoscopy as an Adjunct to Impedance Audiometry in the Assessment of Eustachian Tube Function." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 22, no. 02 (June 16, 2017): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603920.
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Introduction Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction plays an important role not only in the pathophysiology of various middle ear disorders, but also in predicting the outcome of the treatment. As there is no single test that assesses both the anatomic and physiological functions of the ET, a combination of tympanometry and dynamic slow motion video endoscopy may improve the sensitivity of ET function assessment. Objective To find out if there is any correlation between dynamic slow motion nasal video endoscopy and impedance audiometry in assessing ET function in patients with middle ear diseases. Methods Ours was a descriptive study performed with 106 patients attending the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Outpatient Department of a tertiary care center in South India with features suggestive of middle ear disease. All patients underwent impedance audiometry and dynamic slow motion nasal video endoscopy, and were graded based on the severity of the ET pathology. Results A total of 47 out of 97 patients with abnormal endoscopy findings also had abnormal impedance audiometry. The correlation was greater among the patients with higher grades of ET dysfunction. The endoscopy findings of 106 cases, when correlated with middle ear manometry, revealed that 56 cases showed complete agreement, and 50 cases showed disagreement. The nasal endoscopy results, when correlated with middle ear manometry studies by using McNemar's chi-squared (χ2) test, showed a significant association between the 2 tests (p = 0.017). Conclusion There is a significant alteration in middle ear pressure as the severity of the ET tube dysfunction increases. Impedance audiometry and nasal endoscopy provide a better measure of ET function.
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Jahandideh, Hesam, Mojtaba Maleki Delarestaghi, Delaram Jan, and Ayda Sanaei. "Assessing the Clinical Value of Performing CT Scan before Rhinoplasty Surgery." International Journal of Otolaryngology 2020 (December 18, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5929754.
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Introduction. The endonasal mucosal or anatomic pathologies could lead to poor functional results and dissatisfaction after rhinoplasty. Although computed tomography (CT) scan has become an integral part of the diagnostic paradigm for patients with pathologies of the paranasal sinuses, the use of CT scan for preoperative evaluation of patients seeking rhinoplasty is up for debate. Our aim in this study was to compare the efficacy of CT scan in diagnosing nasal pathologies with other evaluating tools in patients undergoing rhinoplasty. Design. In this randomized controlled trial study, 74 consecutive patients seeking cosmetic rhinoplasty referred to otorhinolaryngology clinic were randomly assigned into three groups based on the perioperative evaluation method: the CT group, the nasal endoscopy group, and the control group (anterior rhinoscopy only). Surgical planning was made according to perioperative findings, and the identified endonasal pathologies were corrected during the surgery. The functional and aesthetic outcomes of the rhinoplasty were assessed by Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) tools before surgery and at 12-month follow-up. Results. All outcome measures improved significantly in either group toward one year after rhinoplasty (all with p value <0.05). Subjects in the CT group demonstrated greater improvement in the NOSE, VAS, and ROE compared to other two groups (NOSE: p value = 0.17; VAS: p value = 0.024; ROE: p value = 0.042). Conclusions. According to our study, perioperative CT is associated with greater patients’ satisfaction and quality of life after rhinoplasty compared to either nasal endoscopy or anterior rhinoscopy. A preoperative CT scan may improve the outcomes of rhinoplasty.
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Singh, Manwinder, Sanjeev Bhagat, Dinesh Kumar Sharma, Rabia Monga, and Nitin Chhabra. "A large sinonasal schwannoma: a rare entity." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 3, no. 4 (September 22, 2017): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20174348.
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<p class="keywords"><span lang="EN-IN">Schwannoma is a rare neoplasm of nose and PNS which develops from Schwann’s cells of neural sheath and most are benign and encapsulated and amenable to surgical excision. The aim of this write-up is to report a rare case of schwannoma of nose and PNS. We report a case of 40 year old female, a housewife, presented in ENT OPD with complaints of nasal obstruction on right side, post nasal drip and headache. On diagnostic nasal endoscopy, there was a polypoidal mass coming from the middle meatus which was pushing the medial turbinate medially. NCCT and MRI of nose and PNS showed soft tissue density mass involving right ethmoidal air cells, maxillary sinus and bilateral sphenoid sinuses and eroding the lateral wall of right maxillary sinus reaching upto infratemporal fossa, superiorly mass was seen eroding the inferior wall of right orbit. The tumour was removed endoscopically piecemeal and sent for histopathology which showed it to be a schwannoma. The conclusion of the finding was schwannoma involving nasal cavity, maxillary sinus and sphenoid sinus eroded the lateral wall of maxillary sinus going into infratemporal fossa and floor of the orbit. Schwannoma should also be kept as a possibility in the differential diagnosis of tumors of nose and PNS. </span></p>
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Di Rienzo, Lino, Guido Coen Tirelli, Francesco Garaci, Piergiorgio Turchio, and Marco Guazzaroni. "Comparison of Virtual and Conventional Endoscopy of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 112, no. 2 (February 2003): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940311200206.
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We compared computed tomographic virtual rhinosinus endoscopy (VRS) and conventional fiberoptic endoscopy (FE) for the detection of inflammatory-obstructive rhinosinusal disease. We recruited 158 patients; 100 (group A) had inflammatory-obstructive rhinosinus disease, and 58 (group B) had a history of rhinosinus surgery. All patients underwent VRS within 2 to 6 hours of FE, and VRS was able to demonstrate the anatomic details of the nasal fossa and rhinopharynx with a high correspondence to FE. A satisfying representation of anatomic detail was found in both groups A and B. The VRS was able to visualize invasiveness of the endosinusal cavities, which was not accessible to FE. The VRS is a fast, relatively easy, and noninvasive technique that could be integrated into FE or used as an alternative when FE is unfeasible. Because of the ability to explore the sinus cavity, we suggest that virtual rhinosinusoscopy should be considered as the appropriate term, instead of virtual rhinoscopy.
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Binti Umar, Nikma Fadlati, and Ramiza Ramza Ramli. "Massive epistaxis secondary to an impacted rhinolith in mentally disabled patient." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20200070.
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<p class="abstract">Foreign body nose commonly seen in paediatric age group. In mentally disable patient this may occur and become asymptomatic for many years. We reported mentally disable patient presented with massive epistaxis and history of multiple episodes of foul-smelling discharge from his right nose for the past 20 years. After epistaxis resolved during nasal endoscopy noted impacted rhinolith foreign body in between the septum and the right middle turbinate. Rhinolith successful removed using bent tip of Jobson-Horne probe in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck clinic.</p>
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Khot, Sunil N., G. Priyadarshini, and Prajakta Patil. "Benign lesions of the nose: a comprehensive study." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20185295.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Benign lesions of the nasal cavity represent a diverse group of pathologies. Furthermore, each of these disorders may present differently in any given patient as pain and discomfort, epistaxis, headaches, vision changes, or nasal obstruction.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was carried out in a tertiary care center in India from October 2016 to March 2018. A total of 80 patients of age 10 years to 80 years were included. Detailed history and complete ENT examination including radiological studies was done. Patients were subjected to diagnostic nasal endoscopy and biopsy followed by histopathological examination. Depending on the diagnosis, medical or surgical treatment or combination of both was administered. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In present study the commonest presenting complaint was found to be nasal blockage found in 76% of cases, followed by rhinorrhea in 40%, nasal mass in 30%, epistaxis in 16%, cheek swelling in 5%. Out of 80 benign lesions, polyp was noted in 65 cases, hemangioma in 8 and inverted papilloma in 3 cases. Out of 65 cases of polyps, 52 were antrochoanal, 10 ethmoidal and 3 maxillary. Medical treatment was given in ethmoidal polyp cases, out of which 5 were cured. Most common surgery was polypectomy. Lateral rhinotomy was done in 6 cases</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Patients with benign lesions of the nose commonly presented in the second and third decade with slight male preponderance.Antrochoanal polyps are most common. Medical treatment works to a certain extent in patients with ethmoidal polyposis and surgery is the mainstay of treatment in the benign lesions of the nose.</p>
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Das, Anandita. "Crooked nose correction: an institutional experience." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 5 (August 27, 2019): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20193868.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Crooked noses pose a particular challenge in nasal reconstruction, even for the most experienced of surgeons, as there is inevitably a combination of functional and aesthetic abnormalities which need to be addressed. Crooked nose deformity is a common presentation in the ENT clinic due to raise in the road traffic accidents.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective study conducted in the Department of ENT, GMCH. All the cases of crooked noses presenting to our department was included in the study. The patients were subjected to a proper history and thorough physical examination. Preoperative nasal analysis was done using photography and nasal endoscopy. The type of intervention for each patient and their outcome was analyzed. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The majority of the crooked nose was due to blunt force trauma sustained during road traffic accidents (RTA) or during physical violence. In all crooked nose with an external deformity, there is an underlying septal deformity. The aim of the surgery is to achieve an aesthetically pleasing and a physiologically functioning nose.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> From the present study, we can conclude that the majority of the crooked nose was due to blunt force trauma sustained during road traffic accidents or due to physical violence. Besides having a considerable external deformity, majority of the cases also had functional problems too and this two aspects could be addressed properly by doing a septorhinoplasty. </p>
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Varadharajan, Ramesh, Swara Sahithya, Ranjitha Venkatesan, Agaman Gunasekaran, and Sneha Suresh. "An endoscopic study on the prevalence of the accessory maxillary ostium in chronic sinusitis patients." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20195211.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic maxillary sinusitis is one of the common ENT problems. Accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) has been postulated in many publications to play a role in the development of chronic maxillary sinusitis. AMO is found in the medial wall of maxillary sinus and located in the lateral wall of the nose. It’s been frequently identified in the routine nasal endoscopy. The variations in the location of AMO have been evaluated by nasal endoscopy in live subjects or through cadaver dissections by many authors. This live study is conducted to identify the prevalence of AMO during nasal endoscopic evaluation of chronic sinusitis patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 52 adult patients with symptoms of chronic sinusitis attending the ENT outpatient department were selected and subjected to X-ray of the paranasal sinuses and laboratory tests. Nasal endoscopy was done in all patients to identify the presence and location of the AMO and the results presented. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In the 52 patients studied the X-ray of the paranasal sinuses showed positive signs of sinusitis in 32 patients (61.5%). During nasal endoscopy in those 32 patients AMO was identified in 20 patients (62.5%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In patients presenting with symptoms of chronic sinusitis, apart from routine X-ray of the para nasal sinus, identification of the AMO during nasal endoscopy provides an additional evidence of obstruction of the natural ostia of the maxillary sinus. This will be valuable information to the surgeon who is contemplating on a surgical treatment to manage the chronic sinusitis.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>