Relevant bibliographies by topics / Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques

Academic literature on the topic 'Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques"

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Long, Jingjunjiao, Ashveen Nand, and Sudip Ray. "Application of Spectroscopy in Additive Manufacturing." Materials 14, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010203.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly expanding material production technique that brings new opportunities in various fields as it enables fast and low-cost prototyping as well as easy customisation. However, it is still hindered by raw material selection, processing defects and final product assessment/adjustment in pre-, in- and post-processing stages. Spectroscopic techniques offer suitable inspection, diagnosis and product trouble-shooting at each stage of AM processing. This review outlines the limitations in AM processes and the prospective role of spectroscopy in addressing these challenges. An overview on the principles and applications of AM techniques is presented, followed by the principles of spectroscopic techniques involved in AM and their applications in assessing additively manufactured parts.
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Costa, José, Elsa Sequeiros, Maria Teresa Vieira, and Manuel Vieira. "Additive Manufacturing." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 7, no. 3 (April 30, 2021): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_007.003_0005.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the most trending technologies nowadays, and it has the potential to become one of the most disruptive technologies for manufacturing. Academia and industry pay attention to AM because it enables a wide range of new possibilities for design freedom, complex parts production, components, mass personalization, and process improvement. The material extrusion (ME) AM technology for metallic materials is becoming relevant and equivalent to other AM techniques, like laser powder bed fusion. Although ME cannot overpass some limitations, compared with other AM technologies, it enables smaller overall costs and initial investment, more straightforward equipment parametrization, and production flexibility.This study aims to evaluate components produced by ME, or Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), with different materials: Inconel 625, H13 SAE, and 17-4PH. The microstructure and mechanical characteristics of manufactured parts were evaluated, confirming the process effectiveness and revealing that this is an alternative for metal-based AM.
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Grierson, Dean, Allan E. W. Rennie, and Stephen D. Quayle. "Machine Learning for Additive Manufacturing." Encyclopedia 1, no. 3 (July 19, 2021): 576–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1030048.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is the name given to a family of manufacturing processes where materials are joined to make parts from 3D modelling data, generally in a layer-upon-layer manner. AM is rapidly increasing in industrial adoption for the manufacture of end-use parts, which is therefore pushing for the maturation of design, process, and production techniques. Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence concerned with training programs to self-improve and has applications in a wide range of areas, such as computer vision, prediction, and information retrieval. Many of the problems facing AM can be categorised into one or more of these application areas. Studies have shown ML techniques to be effective in improving AM design, process, and production but there are limited industrial case studies to support further development of these techniques.
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Kim, Hoejin, Yirong Lin, and Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng. "A review on quality control in additive manufacturing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 645–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-03-2017-0048.

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Purpose The usage of additive manufacturing (AM) technology in industries has reached up to 50 per cent as prototype or end-product. However, for AM products to be directly used as final products, AM product should be produced through advanced quality control process, which has a capability to be able to prove and reach their desire repeatability, reproducibility, reliability and preciseness. Therefore, there is a need to review quality-related research in terms of AM technology and guide AM industry in the future direction of AM development. Design/methodology/approach This paper overviews research progress regarding the QC in AM technology. The focus of the study is on manufacturing quality issues and needs that are to be developed and optimized, and further suggests ideas and directions toward the quality improvement for future AM technology. This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 starts by conducting a comprehensive review of the literature studies on progress of quality control, issues and challenges regarding quality improvement in seven different AM techniques. Next, Section 3 provides classification of the research findings, and lastly, Section 4 discusses the challenges and future trends. Findings This paper presents a review on quality control in seven different techniques in AM technology and provides detailed discussions in each quality process stage. Most of the AM techniques have a trend using in-situ sensors and cameras to acquire process data for real-time monitoring and quality analysis. Procedures such as extrusion-based processes (EBP) have further advanced in data analytics and predictive algorithms-based research regarding mechanical properties and optimal printing parameters. Moreover, compared to others, the material jetting progresses technique has advanced in a system integrated with closed-feedback loop, machine vision and image processing to minimize quality issues during printing process. Research limitations/implications This paper is limited to reviewing of only seven techniques of AM technology, which includes photopolymer vat processes, material jetting processes, binder jetting processes, extrusion-based processes, powder bed fusion processes, directed energy deposition processes and sheet lamination processes. This paper would impact on the improvement of quality control in AM industries such as industrial, automotive, medical, aerospace and military production. Originality/value Additive manufacturing technology, in terms of quality control has yet to be reviewed.
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Vaezi, Mohammad, Philipp Drescher, and Hermann Seitz. "Beamless Metal Additive Manufacturing." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040922.

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The propensity to manufacture functional and geometrically sophisticated parts from a wide range of metals provides the metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes superior advantages over traditional methods. The field of metal AM is currently dominated by beam-based technologies such as selective laser sintering (SLM) or electron beam melting (EBM) which have some limitations such as high production cost, residual stress and anisotropic mechanical properties induced by melting of metal powders followed by rapid solidification. So, there exist a significant gap between industrial production requirements and the qualities offered by well-established beam-based AM technologies. Therefore, beamless metal AM techniques (known as non-beam metal AM) have gained increasing attention in recent years as they have been found to be able to fill the gap and bring new possibilities. There exist a number of beamless processes with distinctively various characteristics that are either under development or already available on the market. Since this is a very promising field and there is currently no high-quality review on this topic yet, this paper aims to review the key beamless processes and their latest developments.
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Klüver, Enno, Marit Baltzer, Axel Langer, and Michael Meyer. "Additive Manufacturing with Thermoplastic Collagen." Polymers 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050974.

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Thermoplastic collagen is a partially denatured collagen powder which can be processed by thermoplastic methods such as extrusion and injection molding, but was hitherto not adapted for the use in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. This paper describes the first successful application of collagen/water/glycerol mixtures in an AM process using a BioScaffolder 3.2 from GeSiM mbH. Strands of molten collagen were deposited onto a building platform forming differently shaped objects. The collagen melt was characterized rheologically and optimal processing conditions were established. The technique includes the use of supporting structures of PLA/wood composite for samples with complex geometry as well as post-processing steps such as the removal of the supporting structure and manual surface smoothing. The manufactured objects are characterized concerning water solubility, swelling behavior and compressibility. Possible applications are in the non-medical sector and include collagen-based pet food or customized organ models for medical training.
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Aversa, Alberta, and Paolo Fino. "Special Issue on Materials Development by Additive Manufacturing Techniques." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 25, 2020): 5119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155119.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are steadily gaining attention from many industrial fields, as they are revolutionizing components’ designs and production lines. However, the full application of these technologies to industrial manufacturing has to be supported by the study of the AM materials’ properties and their correlations with the feedstock and the building conditions. Furthermore, nowadays, only a limited number of materials processable by AM are available on the market. It is, therefore, fundamental to widen the materials’ portfolio and to study and develop new materials that can take advantage of these unique building processes. The present special issue collects recent research activities on these topics.
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Xiong, Wei. "Additive manufacturing as a tool for high-throughput experimentation." Journal of Materials Informatics 2, no. 3 (2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jmi.2022.19.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a disruptive technology with a unique capability in fabricating parts with complex geometry and fixing broken supply chains. However, many AM techniques are complicated with their processing features due to complex heating and cooling cycles with the melting of feedstock materials. Therefore, it is quite challenging to directly apply the materials design and processing optimization method used for conventional manufacturing to AM techniques. In this viewpoint paper, we discuss some of the ongoing efforts of high-throughput (HT) experimentation, which can be used for materials development and processing design. Particularly, we focus on the beam- and powder-based AM techniques since these methods have demonstrated success in HT experimentation. In addition, we propose new opportunities to apply AM techniques as the materials informatic tools contributing to materials genome.
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Zhai, Xiaoya, Liuchao Jin, and Jingchao Jiang. "A survey of additive manufacturing reviews." Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing 1, no. 4 (November 16, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/msam.v1i4.21.

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Nowadays, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been widely used in construction, medical, military, aerospace, fashion, etc. The advantages of AM (e.g., more design freedom, no restriction on the complexity of parts, and rapid prototyping) have attracted a growing number of researchers. Increasing number of papers are published each year. Until now, thousands of review papers have already been published in the field of AM. It is, therefore, perhaps timely to perform a survey on AM review papers so as to provide an overview and guidance for readers to choose their interested reviews on some specific topics. This survey gives detailed analysis on these reviews, divides these reviews into different groups based on the AM techniques and materials used, highlights some important reviews in this area, and provides some discussions and insights.
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Naseer, Muhammad Usman, Ants Kallaste, Bilal Asad, Toomas Vaimann, and Anton Rassõlkin. "A Review on Additive Manufacturing Possibilities for Electrical Machines." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071940.

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This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques"

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Schunemann, Esteban. "Paste deposition modelling : deconstructing the additive manufacturing process : development of novel multi-material tools and techniques for craft practitioners." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13803.

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A novel paste deposition process was developed to widen the range of possible materials and applications. This experimental process developed an increasingly complex series of additive manufacturing machines, resulting in new combinations of novel materials and deposition paths without sacrificing many of the design freedoms inherit in the craft process. The investigation made use of open-source software together with an approach to programming user originated infill geometries to form structural parts, differing from the somewhat automated processing by 'closed' commercial RP systems. A series of experimental trials were conducted to test a range of candidate materials and machines which might be suitable for the PDM process. The combination of process and materials were trailed and validated using a series of themed case studies including medical, food industry and jewellery. Some of the object created great interest and even, in the case of the jewellery items, won awards. Further evidence of the commercial validity was evidenced through a collaborative partnership resulting in the development of a commercial version of the experimental system called Newton3D. A number of exciting potential future directions having been opened up by this project including silicone fabrics, bio material deposition and inclusive software development for user originated infills and structures.
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Hasting, William. "Geometric Effects of Free-Floating Technique on Alloy 718 Parts Produced via Laser-Powder Bed Fusion." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1613751580039925.

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Whip, Bo Ryan. "Effect of Process Parameters on the Surface Roughness and Mechanical Performance of Additively Manufactured Alloy 718." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1526993831680976.

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Melpal, Gopalakrishna Ranjan. "Conformal Lattice Structures in Additive Manufacturing (AM)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535382325233769.

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Chandran, Ramya. "Optimization of Support Structures in Additive Manufacturing (AM) Processes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1479819006942462.

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Paul, Ratnadeep. "Modeling and Optimization of Powder Based Additive Manufacturing (AM) Processes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378113813.

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Allavarapu, Santosh. "A New Additive Manufacturing (AM) File Format Using Bezier Patches." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1385114646.

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Ghazizadeh, Ali, and Suraj Lakshminarasimhaiah. "Additive manufacturing and its impacts on manufacturing industries in the future concerning the sustainability of AM." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-56058.

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With the emergence of modern technologies in manufacturing processes, companies need to adapt themselves to these technologies to stay competitive. Additive Manufacturing is one of the upcoming technologies which will bring major changes to the manufacturing process. AM (Additive Manufacturing) offers flexibility in design, production size, customization, etc., Even though there are numerous advantages from the implementation of AM technologies less than 2% of the manufacturing industries use them for production. The purpose of the thesis was to study the impact of AM on manufacturing industries in 5-10 years and the barriers it is facing for widespread diffusion. Additionally, its impact on Sustainability aspects is also studied. A literature review was conducted to understand the current AM processes, their applications in different manufacturing sectors, their impact on business strategies, operations, and Product Life cycle. From the study, it was concluded that AM technologies are still in their maturing state and has a lot of uncertainties that it must overcome. The most notable barriers being implementation costs, limited materials, and protection of Intellectual property. The thesis also presents the projection for AM in 2030. AM is advantageous for Environmental and Economic sustainability with very little research on Societal sustainability.
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Jeunehomme, Eric J. S. "Design of low cost biomimetic flexible robots using additive manufacturing techniques." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122313.

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Thesis: S.M. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2019
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 109-112).
In this thesis, I designed and fabricated robots leveraging additive manufacturing. This had two overarching purpose. One to make a testing apparatus that would allow the measurements of the influence of a flexible flapping foil onto a subsequent, in-line, foil with the optic of researching optimized propulsion solutions for under water vehicles. The second was to show that filament deposition modeling has advanced enough to produce bio-mimetic flexible robots of academic relevance that would allow, for a low price, the making of a number of experimental setup with specific measurements in mind. In order to reach those goals, two versions of a bio-mimetic archer fish of the genus Toxotes were modeled using various software. The models were modified to accept actuator assemblies and interface to the electronics and built using a modified hobby grade 3D printer.
by Eric J.S. Jeunehomme.
S.M. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
S.M.
S.M.inNavalArchitectureandMarineEngineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Sauter, Barrett. "Ultra-light weight design through additive manufacturing." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-45160.

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ABB Corporate Research was looking to redevelop one product to be manufactured via polymer additive manufacturing (AM), as opposed to its previously traditionally manufacturing method. The current product is cylindrical in shape and must withstand a certain amount of hydrostatic pressure. Due to the pressure and the current design, the cannister is prone to buckling failure. The cannister is currently produced from two cylindrical tube parts and two spherical end sections produced from solid blocks of the same material. For assembly, an inner assembly is inserted into one of the tube parts and then all parts are welded together. This product is also custom dimensioned for each purchase order. The purpose of investigating this redevelopment for AM is to analyse if an updated inner design unique to additive manufacturing is able to increase the performance of the product by increasing the pressure it can withstand from both a material failure standpoint and a buckling failure. The redevelopment also aims to see if the component count and process count can be decreased. Ultimately, two product solutions are suggested, one for low pressure ranges constructed in ABS and one for high pressure ranges constructed in Ultem 1010. To accomplish this, relevant literature was referred to gain insight into how to reinforce cylindrical shell structures against buckling. Design aspects unique to AM were also explored. Iterations of these two areas were designed and analysed, which led to a final design choice being decided upon. The final design is ultimately based on the theory of strengthening cylindrical structures against buckling through the use of ring stiffeners while also incorporating AM unique design aspects in the form of hollow network structures. By utilizing finite element analysis, the design was further developed until it held the pressure required. Simulation results suggest that the ABS product can withstand 3 times higher pressure than the original design while being protected against failure due to buckling. The Ultem simulation results suggest that the product can withstand 12 times higher pressure than the current design while also being protected against failure due to buckling. Part count and manufacturing processes are also found to have decreased by half. Post-processing treatments were also explored, such as the performance of sealants under pressure and the effects of sealants on material mechanical properties. Results show that one sealant in particular, an acrylic spray, is most suitable to sealing the ABS product. It withstood a pressure of 8 bar during tests. The flexural tests showed that the sealant did indeed increase certain mechanical properties, the yield strength, however did not affect the flexural modulus significantly. This work gives a clear indication that the performance of this product is feasibly increased significantly from redeveloping it specifically to AM.
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Books on the topic "Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques"

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Morar, Dominik. Additive Manufacturing (AM). Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37153-1.

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Materials Development by Additive Manufacturing Techniques. MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03943-033-8.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) of Metallic Alloys. MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03943-141-0.

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Manogharan, Guha. Hybrid Additive Manufacturing: Techniques, Applications and Benefits. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2020.

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Bai, Jiaming, Wei Zhu, and Kun Zhou. Polymer Additive Manufacturing: Materials,Techniques and Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2022.

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Manogharan, Guha. Hybrid Additive Manufacturing: Techniques, Applications and Benefits. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2020.

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Pandey, Pulak Mohan, Nishant K. Singh, and Yashvir Singh. Additive Manufacturing: Advanced Materials and Design Techniques. Taylor & Francis Group, 2023.

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Bai, Jiaming, Wei Zhu, and Kun Zhou. Polymer Additive Manufacturing: Materials,Techniques and Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2022.

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Bai, Jiaming, Wei Zhu, and Kun Zhou. Polymer Additive Manufacturing: Materials,Techniques and Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2022.

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Pandey, Pulak Mohan, Nishant K. Singh, and Yashvir Singh. Additive Manufacturing: Advanced Materials and Design Techniques. Taylor & Francis Group, 2023.

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Book chapters on the topic "Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques"

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Lele, Ajey. "Additive Manufacturing (AM)." In Disruptive Technologies for the Militaries and Security, 101–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3384-2_5.

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Morar, Dominik. "Der AM-Produktentstehungsprozess in der Praxis – Methodik und Ergebnisse." In Additive Manufacturing (AM), 85–160. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37153-1_3.

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Morar, Dominik. "Einführung." In Additive Manufacturing (AM), 1–22. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37153-1_1.

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Morar, Dominik. "Die Informationsversorgung im Kontext von Additive Manufacturing." In Additive Manufacturing (AM), 23–84. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37153-1_2.

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Morar, Dominik. "Fazit und Diskussion." In Additive Manufacturing (AM), 257–64. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37153-1_6.

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Morar, Dominik. "Evaluation des Fachkonzepts." In Additive Manufacturing (AM), 229–56. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37153-1_5.

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Morar, Dominik. "Entwurf eines Informationsversorgungskonzepts für den AM-Produktentstehungsprozess." In Additive Manufacturing (AM), 161–228. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37153-1_4.

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Sharma, Sumit Kumar, Ranjan Mandal, and Amarish Kumar Shukla. "Processing techniques, principles, and applications of additive manufacturing." In Additive Manufacturing, 187–202. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003258391-11.

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Gibson, Ian, David Rosen, Brent Stucker, and Mahyar Khorasani. "Industrial Drivers for AM Adoption." In Additive Manufacturing Technologies, 623–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56127-7_21.

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Herrera Ramirez, Jose Martin, Raul Perez Bustamante, Cesar Augusto Isaza Merino, and Ana Maria Arizmendi Morquecho. "Additive Manufacturing." In Unconventional Techniques for the Production of Light Alloys and Composites, 89–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48122-3_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques"

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Cleary, William, Clinton Armstrong, David Huegel, and Thomas Pomorski. "Additive Manufacturing at Westinghouse." In 2021 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone28-68543.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is an enabling technology for novel designs and complex shapes that cannot be produced using traditional manufacturing methods. For many nuclear applications, AM could help streamline manufacturing and the supply chain, and could potentially reduce production costs while achieving higher performance through improved heat transfer, thermal hydraulic (T/H) performance, material life and accident tolerance. These benefits would improve fuel reliability and operating margins. Additionally, there are a significant number of potential applications for light water reactors (LWRs) and next generation reactors. AM is also opening the potential to produce obsolete and legacy components which could enable plants to continue operations expediently as well as economically. The use of reverse engineering to digitize components lends itself to AM as this is the first step in producing a component with AM. The NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission) is actively engaged in the evaluation of AM as well as other Advanced Manufacturing Techniques to better regulate their usage as needed. Engagement with the NRC is important to ensure regulations are grounded in understanding these technologies. Several examples of additive manufacturing use, to improve performance and capabilities, are presented.
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McNelly, Brendan P., Richard L. Hooks, William R. Setzler, and Craig S. Hughes. "Additive Manufacturing of Pressure Vessels (With Plating)." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65888.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) allows for product development with light weight, fewer machining constraints, and reduced costs depending on the application. While AM is an emerging field, there is limited research on the use of AM for pressure vessels or implementation in high stress environments. Depending on the design approach and limitations of traditional material-removal fabrication techniques, AM parts can achieve high strength-to-weight ratios with reduced manufacturing efforts. Coupling AM with alternative metal and composite materials allows for unique designs that have high strength-to-weight ratios for pressure-based applications. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) has conducted research on a number of these composite designs, focusing on the use of carbon fiber or metal plating with the AM materials. Before implementing AM in field tested prototypes, JHU/APL performed strength limitation tests on AM pressure vessels (PVs) in the laboratory to prove their effectiveness. PVs constructed with varying thicknesses and coating techniques were divided into three groups, each with a uniform wall thickness that provided a congruent surface area to withstand higher pressures. These PVs were then paired with one of three coating/plating technologies, forming a trade matrix of varying AM thicknesses and plating techniques. Once fabricated and plated, these test PVs were hydro-statically tested at increasing pressure levels. This pressure testing demonstrates that the use of AM to create PVs, when paired with specific plating techniques, can result in structures with significant strength capabilities at lighter than normal PV weights. Furthermore, JHU/APL has begun to test the AM PVs in a number of research projects. Such testing is desired because these unique parts can be easily manufactured in shapes and volumes that were previously unattainable through common manufacturing techniques. AM parts are now commonly used in air-frames; however, in higher pressure underwater scenarios AM’s capabilities are unproven. JHU/APL has begun to apply this new and emergent field to the effective design of AM PVs, which can play a significant role in the field of underwater vehicles and similar projects.
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Lee, Pil-Ho, Haseung Chung, Sang Won Lee, Jeongkon Yoo, and Jeonghan Ko. "Review: Dimensional Accuracy in Additive Manufacturing Processes." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-4037.

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This paper reviews the state-of-the-art research related to the dimensional accuracy in additive manufacturing (AM) processes. It is considered that the improvement of dimensional accuracy is one of the major scientific challenges to enhance the qualities of the products by AM. This paper analyzed the studies for commonly used AM techniques with respect to dimensional accuracy. These studies are classified by process characteristics, and relevant accuracy issues are examined. The accuracies of commercial AM machines are also listed. This paper also discusses suggestions for accuracy improvement. With the increase of the dimensional accuracy, not only the application of AM processes will diversify but also their value will increase.
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Kianian, Babak, and Tobias C. Larsson. "Additive Manufacturing Technology Potential: A Cleaner Manufacturing Alternative." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46075.

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This paper focuses on an emerging manufacturing technology called Additive Manufacturing (AM) and its potential to become a more efficient and cleaner manufacturing alternative. This work is built around selected case companies, where the benefit of AM compared to other more traditional technologies is studied through the comparison of resource consumption. The resource consumption is defined as raw materials and energy input. The scope of this work is the application of AM in the scale model kit industry. The method used is the life cycle inventory study, which is a subtype of life cycle assessment (LCA). The result of the paper is the quantification of raw materials and energy consumption. The outcomes shows that AM has higher efficiency in terms of materials usage, as a higher proportion of materials ending up in the final product. Injection Molding (IM), on the other hand, wastes a significant proportion of raw materials in components that are not part of the final product. If the same or similar raw materials are used in both manufacturing methods, the advantage is clearly with AM. However, AM has higher energy consumption in comparison to the injection molding technique (IM). In terms of energy consumption, AM only has an advantage in this area when working with a very low production volume. The analysis of the energy consumption shows that most of the energy used in AM is to create the final product, while IM only uses a fraction of the total energy to produce the final product. AM technologies are still very new but have the potential for development and reduction of energy consumption in the future. Added to this potential is the higher materials usage efficiency of AM, which reduce the waste of materials and the energy, embedded in them. These two factors are likely to position AM as cleaner manufacturing alternative.
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Wong, Vivian Wen Hui, Max Ferguson, Kincho H. Law, Yung-Tsun Tina Lee, and Paul Witherell. "Segmentation of Additive Manufacturing Defects Using U-Net." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-68885.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) provides design flexibility and allows rapid fabrications of parts with complex geometries. The presence of internal defects, however, can lead to deficit performance of the fabricated part. X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) is a non-destructive inspection technique often used for AM parts. Although defects within AM specimens can be identified and segmented by manually thresholding the XCT images, the process can be tedious and inefficient, and the segmentation results can be ambiguous. The variation in the shapes and appearances of defects also poses difficulty in accurately segmenting defects. This paper describes an automatic defect segmentation method using U-Net based deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures. Several models of U-Net variants are trained and validated on an AM XCT image dataset containing pores and cracks, achieving a best mean intersection over union (IOU) value of 0.993. Performance of various U-Net models is compared and analyzed. Specific to AM porosity segmentation with XCT images, several techniques in data augmentation and model development are introduced. This work demonstrates that, using XCT images, U-Net can be effectively applied for automatic segmentation of AM porosity with high accuracy. The method can potentially help improve quality control of AM parts in an industry setting.
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Mansfield, Brooke, Sabrina Torres, Tianyu Yu, and Dazhong Wu. "A Review on Additive Manufacturing of Ceramics." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2886.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has been used for rapid prototyping due to its ability to produce parts with complex geometries from computer-aided design files. Currently, polymers and metals are the most commonly used materials for AM. However, ceramic materials have unique mechanical properties such as strength, corrosion resistance, and temperature resistance. This paper provides a review of recent AM techniques for ceramics such as extrusion-based AM, the mechanical properties of additively manufactured ceramics, and the applications of ceramics in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, energy, electronics, and medical. A detailed overview of binder-jetting, laser-assisted processes, laminated object manufacturing (LOM), and material extrusion-based 3D printing is presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in AM of ceramics are identified.
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DOJAN, CARTER, MORTEZA ZIAEE, and MOSTAFA YOURDKHANI. "RAPID AND SCALABLE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF THERMOSET POLYMER COMPOSITES." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36457.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently been transformed into a robust manufacturing paradigm for rapid, cost-effective, and reliable manufacturing of fiberreinforced thermoset polymer composites. Among various AM techniques, direct ink writing (DIW) technique offers exceptional ability for constructing scalable 3D composite structures with a high resolution and rapid production rates. In the conventional DIW technique, composite parts are created by thermal post-curing of a thermoset resin ink in an oven at elevated temperatures to obtain a highly crosslinked polymer network. The long and energy-intensive curing processes often required for curing the monomer limits the applications of this approach to layer-by-layer printing of simple 2D geometries. In addition, the conventional approach is not suited to creating large structures, as the uncured material in the earliest deposited layers reaches a flow state, resulting in loss of print fidelity or even the collapse of printed parts. Alternative in-situ curing approaches during the printing process are promising for highrate and scalable AM of thermoset polymer composites. To date, a handful of AM techniques based on in-situ curing have been developed using UV-curable thermoset resins. However, these techniques are not yet applicable for creating structural components due to the poor mechanical performance of the matrix, as well as incomplete curing of the resin in the presence of light absorbing reinforcements. In this work, we present a novel technique that can realize fast and energy-efficient fabrication of high-performance polymer composites using a thermoresponsive thermoset resin system. Our technique involves feeding resinous inks filled with discontinuous carbon fiber (CF) reinforcements from the nozzle of a printing robot and directing thermal stimulus toward the extruded material. The thermal stimulus is configured to rapidly and locally heat the composite material and instantaneously rigidize the extruded material. Using our novel printing technique, we demonstrate AM of tall composite structures using conventional layer-by-layer printing, which is difficult to achieve using existing techniques. In addition, instantaneous and localized curing of the thermoset matrix resin allows for the manufacturing of freeform structures (in-air printing), eliminating the need for support materials and tooling. We have shown that we can manufacture fully cured, void-free, and high-performance composites with printing speeds up to 1.5 m/min without requiring post‐treatment or post‐curing steps.
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Zhang, Binbin, Prakhar Jaiswal, Rahul Rai, and Saigopal Nelaturi. "Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Objects: A Review." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60320.

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Functionally graded materials (FGM) have recently attracted a lot of research attention in the wake of the recent prominence of additive manufacturing (AM) technology. The continuously varying spatial composition profile of two or more materials affords FGM object to simultaneously possess ideal properties of multiple different materials. Additionally, emerging technologies in AM domain enables one to make complex shapes with customized multifunctional material properties in an additive fashion, where laying down successive layers of material creates an object. In this paper, we focus on providing an overview of research at the intersection of AM techniques and FGM objects. We specifically discuss the FGM modeling representation schemes and outline a classification system to classify existing FGM representation methods. We also highlight the key aspects such as the part orientation, slicing, and path planning processes that are essential for fabricating a quality FGM object through the use of multi-material AM techniques.
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Ghiasian, Seyedeh Elaheh, Prakhar Jaiswal, Rahul Rai, and Kemper Lewis. "From Conventional to Additive Manufacturing: Determining Component Fabrication Feasibility." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86238.

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The use of additive manufacturing (AM) for fabricating industrial grade components has increased significantly in recent years. Numerous industrial entities are looking to leverage new AM techniques to enable fabrication of components that were typically manufactured previously using conventional manufacturing techniques such as subtractive manufacturing or casting. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to be able to rigorously evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of additively manufacturing a component relative to conventional alternatives. In order to support this evaluation, this paper presents a framework that investigates fabrication feasibility for AM from three perspectives: geometric evaluation, build orientation/support generation, and resources necessary (i.e., cost and time). The core functionality of the framework is enabled on voxelized model representation, discrete and binary formats of 3D continuous objects. AM fabrication feasibility analysis is applied to 34 various parts representing a wide range of manifolds and valves manufactured using conventional manufacturing techniques, components commonly found in the aerospace industry. Results obtained illustrate the capability and generalizability of the framework to analyze intricate geometries and provide a primary assessment for the feasibility of the AM process.
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Li, Zongchen, Andre Gut, Iurii Burda, Silvain Michel, Dejan Romancuk, and Christian Affolter. "The Role of an Individual Lack-of-Fusion Defect in the Fatigue Performance of Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Part." In 2022 International Additive Manufacturing Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iam2022-94120.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing techniques have made AM Ti-6Al-4V parts a reality in many industries. However, despite the optimism, their poor fatigue performance especially in high cycle regime is the major hurdle for the industry accepting it as mainstream. One of the reasons owes to the widely distributed internal defects inherent to the AM process, which create a hotbed for fatigue crack initiation. Available investigations on lack of fusions, regarded as the most detrimental defects, are very limited. Regarding this, we conducted finite element analysis to evaluate the fatigue performance of Ti-6Al-4V alloys with an individual lack-of-fusion defect. Three different lack-of-fusion defects, directly scanned from Selective Laser Melting Ti-6Al-4V coupons using Micro-Computed Tomography with different geometry features, have been numerically analyzed. We compare the mechanical results (e.g., stress, strain, and elastic stress concentration factors) of the lack-of-fusion defects to the results of gas-entrapped pores, which share the same height and the same volume, to reveal the detriment of lack-of-fusion defects. Furthermore, we conduct a parametric study on lack-of-fusion defects orientation and size, as well as the aspect ratios. The results provide a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of the lack-of-fusion defects in additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloys, paving the way for further research of additive manufactured metallic alloys.
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Reports on the topic "Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques"

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MURPH, SIMONA. MATERIAL DEVELOPMENTS FOR 3D/4D ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (AM) TECHNOLOGIES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1676417.

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SESSIONS, HENRY. MATERIAL DEVELOPMENTS FOR 3D/4D ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (AM) TECHNOLOGIES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1838344.

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Slattery, Kevin. Unsettled Aspects of Insourcing and Outsourcing Additive Manufacturing. SAE International, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021023.

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Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as “3D printing,” has transitioned from concepts and prototypes to part-for-part substitution—and now to the creation of part geometries that can only be made using AM. As a wide range of mobility OEMs begin to introduce AM parts into their products, the question between insourcing and outsourcing the manufacturing of AM parts has surfaced. Just like parts made using other technologies, AM parts can require significant post-processing operations. Therefore, as AM supply chains begin to develop, the sourcing of AM part building and their post-processing becomes an unsettled and important issue. Unsettled Aspects of Insourcing and Outsourcing Additive Manufacturing discusses the approaches and trade-offs of the different sourcing options for production hardware for multiple scenarios, including both metallic and polymer technologies and components.
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Slattery, Kevin T. Unsettled Aspects of the Digital Thread in Additive Manufacturing. SAE International, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021026.

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In the past years, additive manufacturing (AM), also known as “3D printing,” has transitioned from rapid prototyping to making parts with potentially long service lives. Now AM provides the ability to have an almost fully digital chain from part design through manufacture and service. Web searches will reveal many statements that AM can help an organization in its pursuit of a “digital thread.” Equally, it is often stated that a digital thread may bring great benefits in improving designs, processes, materials, operations, and the ability to predict failure in a way that maximizes safety and minimizes cost and downtime. Now that the capability is emerging, a whole series of new questions begin to surface as well: •• What data should be stored, how will it be stored, and how much space will it require? •• What is the cost-to-benefit ratio of having a digital thread? •• Who owns the data and who can access and analyze it? •• How long will the data be stored and who will store it? •• How will the data remain readable and usable over the lifetime of a product? •• How much manipulation of disparate data is necessary for analysis without losing information? •• How will the data be secured, and its provenance validated? •• How does an enterprise accomplish configuration management of, and linkages between, data that may be distributed across multiple organizations? •• How do we determine what is “authoritative” in such an environment? These, along with many other questions, mark the combination of AM with a digital thread as an unsettled issue. As the seventh title in a series of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports on AM, this report discusses what the interplay between AM and a digital thread in the mobility industry would look like. This outlook includes the potential benefits and costs, the hurdles that need to be overcome for the combination to be useful, and how an organization can answer these questions to scope and benefit from the combination. This report, like the others in the series, is directed at a product team that is implementing AM. Unlike most of the other reports, putting the infrastructure in place, addressing the issues, and taking full advantage of the benefits will often fall outside of the purview of the product team and at the higher organizational, customer, and industry levels.
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Elmer, J., and G. Gibbs. Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Final Report for the Wire-Based AM Focused Exchange. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1809158.

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Slattery, Kevin, and Kirk A. Rogers. Internal Boundaries of Metal Additive Manufacturing: Future Process Selection. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022006.

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In the early days, there were significant limitations to the build size of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) machines. However, machine builders have addressed that drawback by introducing larger L-PBF machines with expansive build volumes. As these machines grow, their size capability approaches that of directed energy deposition (DED) machines. Concurrently, DED machines have gained additional axes of motion which enable increasingly complex part geometries—resulting in near-overlap in capabilities at the large end of the L-PBF build size. Additionally, competing technologies, such as binder jet AM and metal material extrusion, have also increased in capability, albeit with different starting points. As a result, the lines of demarcation between different processes are becoming blurred. Internal Boundaries of Metal Additive Manufacturing: Future Process Selection examines the overlap between three prominent powder-based technologies and outlines an approach that a product team can follow to determine the most appropriate process for current and future applications.
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Babu, Sudarsanam Suresh, Lonnie J. Love, William H. Peter, and Ryan Dehoff. Workshop Report on Additive Manufacturing for Large-Scale Metal Components - Development and Deployment of Metal Big-Area-Additive-Manufacturing (Large-Scale Metals AM) System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1325459.

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Todorov, Evgueni, Roger Spencer, Sean Gleeson, Madhi Jamshidinia, and Shawn M. Kelly. America Makes: National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute (NAMII) Project 1: Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of Complex Metallic Additive Manufactured (AM) Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612775.

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Bernardin, John. E-1 Additive Manufacturing (AM) Existing Infrastructure and Recent Developments in Materials, Processes, and Capabilities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1839346.

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Slattery, Kevin, and Eliana Fu. Unsettled Issues in Additive Manufacturing and Improved Sustainability in the Mobility Industry. SAE International, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021015.

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Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as “3D printing,” is often touted as a sustainable technology, especially for metal components, since it produces either net or near-net shapes versus traditionally machined pieces from larger mill products. While traditional machining from mill products is often the case in aerospace, most of the metal parts used in the world are made from flat-rolled metal and are quite efficient in utilization. Additionally, some aspects of the AM value chain are often not accounted for when determining sustainability. Unsettled Issues in Additive Manufacturing and Improved Sustainability in the Mobility Industry uses a set of scenarios to compare the sustainability of parts made using additive and conventional technologies for both the present and future (2040) states of manufacturing.
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