Relevant bibliographies by topics / Additive Manufacture of Energetic Materials

Academic literature on the topic 'Additive Manufacture of Energetic Materials'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Additive Manufacture of Energetic Materials"

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Rodriguez, J., J. I. Vicente, J. C. Ezeiza, A. Zuriarrain, P. J. Arrazola, X. Badiola, E. Dominguez, and D. Soler. "Mechanical and electrical properties of additively manufactured copper." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1193, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1193/1/012034.

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Abstract Additive Manufacturing (AM) has become the new paradigm of design and production strategies. While structural and functional materials are the most implemented ones, it is also possible to manufacture parts using precious metals, being copper one of the most interesting. Among AM technologies, the novel Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing (ADAM) has recently included this material between available ones. ADAM is free from thermal and energetic issues caused by high reflectivity and conductivity of copper which other AM encounter. Therefore, it could be a great alternative to manufacture pure copper. In this work ADAM was used to fabricate pure copper specimens in order to measure electrical and mechanical properties. The influence of a machining post processes in strength and ductility is also discussed. Results are compared with wrought C1 1000 copper and published results of other AM technologies. Despite the newness of ADAM, significant improvement in surface roughness and comparable results in other properties was observed. However, further research shall be done to optimize the manufacturing parameters in order to increase the relative density value, as it was found to be significantly lower than in other AM technologies.
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Cañadilla, Antonio, Ana Romero, Gloria P. Rodríguez, Miguel Á. Caminero, and Óscar J. Dura. "Mechanical, Electrical, and Thermal Characterization of Pure Copper Parts Manufactured via Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing." Materials 15, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 4644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134644.

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Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (MEAM) is a novel technology to produce polymeric, metallic, and ceramic complex components. Filaments composed of a high-volume content of metal powder and a suitable binder system are needed to obtain metallic parts. Thermal and energetic controversies do not affect MEAM technology, although common in other additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. High thermal conductivity and reflectivity of copper to high-energy beams are the most challenging properties. A material extrusion technique to produce high density and quality copper parts is deeply studied in this research. Characterization of the filament, printed parts, brown parts and final sintered parts is provided. The sintering stage is evaluated through density analysis of the sintered copper parts, as well as their dimensional accuracy after part shrinkage inherent to the sintering process. The mechanical behavior of sintered parts is assessed through tensile, hardness and impact toughness tests. In addition, the measured electrical and thermal conductivities are compared to those obtained by other AM technologies. High-density components, with 95% of relative density, were successfully manufactured using MEAM technology. Similar or even superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties than those achieved by other 3D printing processes such as Electron Beam Melting, Selective Laser Melting and Binder Jetting were obtained.
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Da Cunha, Thammi Queuri Gomes, Pedro Vilela Gondim Barbosa, Pedro Augusto Fonseca Lima, Thalles Santiago Pimentel, Lucas Lemes de Souza Peixoto, and Carlos Roberto Sette Júnior. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO RESÍDUO DE MDF E SEU APROVEITAMENTO NA PRODUÇÃO DE PELLETS." Nativa 6, no. 3 (May 22, 2018): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v6i3.5087.

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O processamento dos painéis de MDF, para a fabricação de móveis, gera uma grande quantidade de resíduos que constituem passivo ambiental, podendo ser utilizados para geração de energia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características do resíduo de MDF e seu aproveitamento na produção de pellets, visando a aplicação energética. A caracterização energética do resíduo foi realizada por meio da química imediata (teores de cinzas, voláteis e carbono fixo) e do poder calorífico superior. Além disso, foram produzidos e avaliados pellets (características energéticas e físico-mecânicas). A avaliação das características do resíduo: poder calorífico superior (4427,8 kcal.kg-1) e química imediata (carbono fixo, materiais voláteis e cinzas foram 16,3; 82,3 e 1,4%, respectivamente) e dos pellets de MDF: densidade aparente (1,15 g.cm-3), a granel (0,61 g.cm-3), energética (2,6 a 5,5 Gcal.m-3) e durabilidade (99,87%) indicaram a viabilidade técnica do aproveitamento do material como fonte energética. As características energéticas e físico-mecânicas dos pellets de MDF atenderam as especificações de qualidade exigidas nas normas internacionais de comercialização, exceto para o diâmetro médio.Palavras-chave: materiais densificados, potencial energético, painéis. CHARACTERIZATION OF MDF RESIDUE AND ITS USE IN PELLET PRODUCTION ABSTRACT:The processing of MDF panels, for the manufacture of furniture, generates a large amount of residues that constitutes an environmental liability, and can be used for power generation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the characteristics of the MDF residue and its use in the production of pellets, aiming at the energetic application. The energetic characterization of the residue was carried out by means of the proximate analysis (ash, volatile and fixed carbon contents), calorific value. In addition, pellets were produced and evaluated (energy and physico-mechanical characteristics). The evaluation of the characteristics of the residue: high heating value (4427.8 kcal kg-1) and proximate analysis (fixed carbon, volatile materials and ash were 16.3, 82.3 and 1.4%, respectively) and pellets: density (1.15 g cm -3), bulk density (0.61 g cm -3), energy density (2.6-5.5 Gcal m-3) and durability (99.87 %) indicated the technical feasibility of using the material as an energy source. The energy and physical-mechanical characteristics of MDF pellets met the quality specifications required by international marketing standards, except for the average diameter.Keywords: densified materials, energetic potential, panels. DOI:
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Loaeza, David, Jonathan Cailloux, Orlando Santana Pérez, Miguel Sánchez-Soto, and Maria Lluïsa Maspoch. "Extruded-Calendered Sheets of Fully Recycled PP/Opaque PET Blends: Mechanical and Fracture Behaviour." Polymers 13, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 2360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142360.

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This work presents the experimental results of the mechanical and fracture behaviour of three polymeric blends prepared from two recycled plastics, namely polypropylene and opaque poly (ethylene terephthalate), where the second one acted as a reinforcement phase. The raw materials were two commercial degrees of recycled post-consumer waste, i.e., rPP and rPET-O. Sheets were manufactured by a semi-industrial extrusion-calendering process. The mechanical and fracture behaviours of manufactured sheets were analyzed via tensile tests and the essential work of fracture approach. SEM micrographics of cryofractured sheets revelated the development of in situ rPP/rPET-O microfibrillar composites when 30 wt.% of rPET-O was added. It was observed that the yield stress was not affected with the addition of rPET-O. However, the microfibrillar structure increased the Young’s modulus by more than a third compared with rPP, fulfilling the longitudinal value predicted by the additive rule of mixtures. Regarding the EWF analysis, the resistance to crack initiation was highly influenced by the resistance to its propagation owing to morphology-related instabilities during tearing. To analyze the initiation stage, a partition energy method was successfully applied by splitting the total work of fracture into two specific energetic contributions, namely initiation and propagation. The results revelated that the specific essential initiation-related work of fracture was mainly affected by rPET-O phase. Remarkably, its value was significantly improved by a factor of three with the microfibrillar structure of rPET-O phase. The results allowed the exploration of the potential ability of manufacturing in situ MFCs without a “precursor” morphology, providing an economical way to promote the recycling rate of PET-O, as this material is being discarded from current recycling processes.
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Kline, Dylan J., Zaira Alibay, Miles C. Rehwoldt, Alexander Idrogo-Lam, Spencer G. Hamilton, Prithwish Biswas, Feiyu Xu, and Michael R. Zachariah. "Experimental observation of the heat transfer mechanisms that drive propagation in additively manufactured energetic materials." Combustion and Flame 215 (May 2020): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.01.020.

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Ilyushin, Mikhail A., Sergey M. Putis, Andrey S. Mazur, Sergey A. Dushenok, and Irina V. Shugalei. "LASER INITIATION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS." Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) 63 (2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-63-89-14-22.

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The review considers laser initiation of secondary energetic materials. The effectiveness of nanoaluminum powder as an additive that reduces the thresholds for initiation of blasting energetic materials by laser radiation is shown
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Loukaides, Evripides G., Rhodri W. C. Lewis, and Christopher R. Bowen. "Additive manufacture of multistable structures." Smart Materials and Structures 28, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 02LT02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/aae4f6.

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Liu, Dan, Boyoung Lee, Aleksandr Babkin, and Yunlong Chang. "Research Progress of Arc Additive Manufacture Technology." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061415.

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Additive manufacturing technology is a special processing technology that has developed rapidly in the past 30 years. The materials used are divided into powder and wire. Additive manufacturing technology using wire as the material has the advantages of high deposition rate, uniform composition, and high density. It has received increasingly more attention, especially for the high efficiency and rapid prototyping of large-size and complex-shaped components. Wire arc additive manufacturing has its unique advantages. The concept, connotation, and development history of arc additive manufacturing technology in foreign countries are reviewed, and the current research status of arc-based metal additive manufacturing technology is reviewed from the principles, development history, process, and practical application of arc additive manufacturing technology. It focuses on the forming system, forming material, residual stress and pores, and other defect controls of the technology, as well as the current methods of mechanical properties and process quality improvement, and the development prospects of arc additive manufacturing technology are prospected. The results show that the related research work of wire arc additive manufacturing technology is still mainly focused on the experimental research stage and has yet not gone deep into the exploration of the forming mechanism. The research work in this field should be more in-depth and systematic from the physical process of forming the molten pool system from the perspectives of stability, the organization evolution law, and performance optimization. We strive to carry out wire arc additive forming technology and theoretical research to promote the application of this technology in modern manufacturing.
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Mcparland, Kyle, Zachary Larimore, Paul Parsons, Austin Good, John Suarez, and Mark Mirotznik. "Additive Manufacture of Custom Radiofrequency Connectors." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2021.3134603.

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Casemiro, R. L., N. C. O. Tapanes, M. C. L. Souza, A. I. C. Santana, and W. C. L. Pinto. "ENERGETIC ESTIMATION OF HEAT-RECOVERY COKE OVEN." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 21, no. 2 (October 9, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v21i2.87917.

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Worldwide, steel production insistently seeks energy strength, pointing out the precision of application of all energy from the raw material with the objective of increasing production with quality and economically viable. In this sense, the energy assessment is the basis adopted to decide on the manufacture of coke in the industry. With this argument, this paper presents an energy analysis of Heat Recovery furnaces through calorific value, a method specified by the Energy Research Company of Brazil and the Brazilian Association of Metals and Materials for application in calculations in a productive environment. The data of the basic raw materials for the production of coke, the technological analysis and the energy estimation in the manufacture of coke in Coke Ovens Heat Recovery can be found in the proposed method. The present work presents result that demonstrate that the active and efficient use of the calorific value of metallurgical coal produces an energy quality coke for the manufacture of pig iron in the blast furnace.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Additive Manufacture of Energetic Materials"

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Shalchy, Faezeh, Enrique Cuan-Urquizo, Kevin Jose, Neil Ferguson, Claus Ibsen, and Atul Bhaskar. "Mechanics and manufacture of lattice structures & materials." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19222.

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Jiba, Zetu. "Coating processes towards selective laser sintering of energetic material composites." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79246.

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This research aims to contribute to the safe methodology for additive manufacturing (AM) of energetic materials. Coating formulation processes were investigated to find a suitable method that may enable selective laser sintering (SLS) as the safe method for fabrication of high explosive (HE) compositions. For safety and convenience reasons, the concept demonstration was conducted using inert explosive simulants with properties quasi-similar to the real HE. Coating processes for simulant RDX-based microparticles by means of PCL and 3,4,5- trimethoxybenzaldehyde (as TNT simulant) are reported. These processes were evaluated for uniformity of coating the HE inert simulant particles with binder materials to facilitate the SLS as the adequate binding and fabrication method. The critical constraints being the coating effectiveness required, spherical particle morphology, micron size range (>20 μm) and a good powder deposition and flow, and performance under SLS to make the method applicable for HEs. Of the coating processes investigated, suspension system and single emulsion methods gave required particle near spherical morphology, size and uniform coating. The suspension process appears to be suitable for the SLS of HE mocks and potential formulation methods for active HE composites. The density was estimated to be comparable with the current HE compositions and plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) such as C4 and PE4, produced from traditional methods. The formulation method developed and the understanding of the science behind the processes paves the way toward safe SLS of the active HE compositions and may open avenues for further research and development of munitions of the future.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Chemical Technology
MSc
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Allen, Robert James Anthony. "Investigations into the potential of constructing aligned carbon nanotube composite materials through additive layer manufacture." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/12301.

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Since their discovery Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much interest from many fields of the scientific community owing to their range of unique and impressive properties. Measurements of the mechanical properties of these nanoscale molecules have shown strengths up to five times greater than that of steel at only a quarter of the density. Consequently many have attempted to unlock these remarkable properties by creating nano-composite structures where CNTs effectively reinforce materials with little increase in density. Unfortunately the tendency of CNTs to form agglomerations when allowed to disperse in fluid suspensions has made this process non trivial, and led to difficulties in achieving effective reinforcement when simply mixing CNTs into a matrix material. As a result it has become clear that new approaches to composite construction will be required if effective composite reinforcement using CNTs is to be achieved. Recent advances in CNT synthesis using Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) where tall forests of these nanoparticles are grown from the vapour phase have begun to solve the agglomeration problem. These forests are produced in aligned and dispersed arrays, and wetting of these structures with polymer matrices has demonstrated improvements in modulus of several hundred percent. These improvements arise as the CNTs retain both the dispersion and alignment of the forest when incorporated into the matrix thus overcoming the difficulties observed using traditional manufacture methods. New complications arise when attempting to extend these promising results to larger scale composite components owing to the typically millimetre size of CVD grown vertically aligned CNT (VACNT) forests. From these results it follows that to create large composite parts it will be required to incorporate many individually CVD grown VACNT forests into a single composite structure. Strategies to achieve such a composite are being developed, with a range of ideas extending from knowledge gained from the emerging technology of additive manufacture (AM) described as ‘...the process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer....’. Indeed it is desirable to reinforce materials used in AM processes and the nano scale diameter of CNTs makes them the perfect choice owing to their high aspect ratios at the micron scale. In this thesis investigations are conducted into the feasibility of manufacturing CNT composite structures using CVD grown forests and AM techniques. These investigations include measurement of the anisotropic mechanical properties of composite samples, and studies of the wetting interactions that occur between CNT forests and polymer materials. Composite samples are constructed and tested mechanically in the transverse orientation and results compared to traditional fibre composite reinforcement models in order to understand the material properties that can be expected if such an AM process is achieved. Results show greater mechanical improvements in transverse modulus than expected, and these results are attributed to the wavy nature of individual CNTs within forest structures providing multi directional reinforcement to the matrix material. Further studies are conducted to investigate the flow of molten thermoplastic materials into CNT forest structures under capillary driven flow. Thermoplastics were allowed to flow into VACNT forests before being cooled and inspected using micro x-ray computed topography (μ-CT) to gain an understanding of the wetting mechanism. Results from μ-CT scans show that the polymer flows into the structure in peaks of similar radius. Finally dynamic investigations were conducted into the fast capillary driven flow of a low viscosity thermoset resin into VACNT forests using a high speed camera. Results are fitted to traditional models for dynamic capillary driven flow in porous media and an effective radius and porosity is calculated for VACNT forests. Experimental values illustrate that these nanoscale structures still fit to traditional flow models of fluids where the height of capillary rise is proportional to the square of the elapsed time. These results provide a further step in understanding methods of incorporating many VACNT structures into polymeric matrices to achieve large scale effective polymer VACNT composite materials.
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Myers, Kyle M. "Structure-Property Relationship of Binder Jetted Fused Silica Preforms to Manufacture Ceramic-Metallic Interpenetrating Phase Composites." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1464089607.

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(11189886), Diane Collard. "Enhancing Solid Propellants with Additively Manufactured Reactive Components and Modified Aluminum Particles." Thesis, 2021.

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A variety of methods have been developed to enhance solid propellant burning rates, including adjusting oxidizer particle size, modifying metal additives, tailoring the propellant core geometry, and adding catalysts or wires. Fully consumable reactive wires embedded in propellant have been used to increase the burning rate by increasing the surface area; however, the manufacture of propellant grains and the observation of geometric effects with reactive components has been restricted by traditional manufacturing and viewing methods. In this work, a printable reactive filament was developed that is tailorable to a number of use cases spanning reactive fibers to photosensitive igniters. The filament employs aluminum fuel within a printable polyvinylidene fluoride matrix that can be tailored to a desired burning rate through stoichiometry or aluminum fuel configuration such as particle size and modified aluminum composites. The material is printable with fused filament fabrication, enabling access to more complex geometries such as spirals and branches that are inaccessible to traditionally cast reactive materials. However, additively manufacturing the reactive fluoropolymer and propellant together comes attendant with many challenges given the significantly different physical properties, particularly regarding adhesion. To circumvent the challenges posed by multiple printing techniques required for such dissimilar materials, the reactive fluoropolymer was included within a solid propellant carrier matrix as small fibers. The fibers were varied in aspect ratio (AR) and orientation, with aspect ratios greater than one exhibiting a self-alignment behavior in concordance with the prescribed extrusion direction. The effective burning rate of the propellant was improved nearly twofold with 10 wt.% reactive fibers with an AR of 7 and vertical orientation.

The reactive wires and fibers in propellant proved difficult to image in realistic sample designs, given that traditional visible imaging techniques restrict the location and dimensions of the reactive wire due to the necessity of an intrusive window next to the wire, a single-view dynamic X-ray imaging technique was employed to analyze the evolution of the internal burning profile of propellant cast with embedded additively manufacture reactive components. To image complex branching geometries and propellant with multiple reactive components stacked within the same line of sight, the dynamic X-ray imaging technique was expanded to two views. Topographic reconstructions of propellants with multiple reactive fibers showed the evolution of the burning surface enhanced by the geometric effects caused by the faster burning fibers. These dual-view reconstructions provide a method for accurate quantitative analysis of volumetric burning rates that can improve the accessibility and viability of novel propellant grain designs.

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(10732050), Patrick D. Bowers. "Direct-Write of Melt-Castable Energetic and Mock materials." Thesis, 2021.

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Explosives and rocket fuel are just two prime examples of energetic materials, compounds that contain a combustible fuel and oxidizer within the same substance. Recent advances have enabled the construction of energetic materials through multiple variations of additive manufacturing, principally inkjet, direct-write, fused filament fabrication, electrospray deposition, and stereolithography. Many of the methods used for creating multiple layered objects (three-dimensional) from energetic materials involve the use of highly viscid materials.

The focus of this work was to design a process capable of additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects from melt-castable energetic materials, which are known for their low viscosity. An in-depth printer design and fabrication procedure details the process requirements discovered through previous works, and the adaptations available and used to construct an additive manufacturing device capable of printing both energetic and non-energetic (also referred to as inert) melt-castable materials. Initial characterization of three proposed inert materials confirmed their relative similarity in rheological properties to melt-castable energetic materials and were used to test the printer’s performance.

Preliminary tests show the constructed device is capable of additively manufacturing melt-castable materials reproducibly in individual layers, with some initial successful prints in three-dimensions, up to three layers. An initial characterization of the printer’s deposition characteristics additionally matches literature predictions. With the ability to print three-dimensional objects from melt-castable materials confirmed, future work will focus on the reproducibility of multi-layered objects and the refined formulation of melt-castable energetic materials.

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(9148682), Marlon D. Walls Jr. "Investigating the Ability to Preheat and Ignite Energetic Materials Using Electrically Conductive Materials." Thesis, 2020.

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The work discussed in this document seeks to integrate conductive additives with energetic material systems to offer an alternative source of ignition for the energetic material. By utilizing the conductive properties of the additives, ohmic heating may serve as a method for preheating and igniting an energetic material. This would allow for controlled ignition of the energetic material without the use of a traditional ignition source, and could also result in easier system fabrication.
For ohmic heating to be a viable method of preheating or igniting these conductive energetic materials, there cannot be significant impact on the energetic properties of the energetic materials. Various mass solids loadings of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were mixed with a reactive mixture of aluminum (Al)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to test if ohmic heating ignition was feasible and to inspect the impact that these loadings had on the energetic properties of the Al/PVDF. Results showed that while ohmic heating was a plausible method for igniting the conductive energetic samples, the addition of GNPs degraded the energetic properties of the Al/PVDF. The severity of this degradation was minimized at lower solids loadings of GNPs, but this consequently resulted in larger voltage input requirements to ignite the conductive energetic material. This was attributable to the decreased conductivities of the samples at lower solids loading of GNPs.
In hopes of conserving the energetic properties of the Al/PVDF while integrating the conductive additives, additive manufacturing techniques, more specifically fused filament fabrication, was used to print two distinct materials, Al/PVDF and a conductive composite, into singular parts. A CraftBot 3 was used to selectively deposit Conductive Graphene PLA (Black Magic) filament with a reactive filament comprised of a PVDF binder with 20% mass solids loadings of aluminum. Various amounts of voltage were applied to these conductive energetic samples to quantify the time to ignition of the Al/PVDF as the applied voltage increased. A negative correlation was discovered between the applied voltage and time to ignition. This result was imperative for demonstrating that the reaction rate could be influenced with the application of higher applied voltages.
Fused filament fabrication was also used to demonstrate the scalability of the dual printed conductive energetic materials. A flexural test specimen made of the Al/PVDF was printed with an embedded strain gauge made of the Black Magic filament. This printed strain gauge was tested for dual purposes: as an igniter and as a strain sensor, demonstrating the multi-functional use of integrating conductive additives with energetic materials.
In all, the experiments in this document lay a foundation for utilizing conductive additives with energetic materials to offer an alternative form of ignition. Going forward, ohmic heating ignition may serve as a replacement to current, outdated methods of ignition for heat sensitive energetic materials.
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(9178199), Monique McClain. "ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF VISCOUS MATERIALS: DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 3D PRINTED ENERGETIC STRUCTURES." Thesis, 2020.

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The performance of solid rocket motors (SRMs) is extremely dependent on propellant formulation, operating pressure, and initial grain geometry. Traditionally, propellant grains are cast into molds, but it is difficult to remove the grains without damage if the geometry is too complex. Cracks or voids in propellant can lead to erratic burning that can break the grain apart and/or potentially overpressurize the motor. Not only is this dangerous, but the payload could be destroyed or lost. Some geometries (i.e. internal voids or intricate structures) cannot be cast and there is no consistent nor economical way to functionally grade grains made of multiple propellant formulations at fines scales (~ mm) without the risk of delamination between layers or the use of adhesives, which significantly lower performance. If one could manufacture grains in such a way, then one would have more control and flexibility over the design and performance of a SRM. However, new manufacturing techniques are required to enable innovation of new propellant grains and new analysis techniques are necessary to understand the driving forces behind the combustion of non-traditionally manufactured propellant.

Additive manufacturing (AM) has been used in many industries to enable rapid prototyping and the construction of complex hierarchal structures. AM of propellant is an emerging research area, but it is still in its infancy since there are some large challenges to overcome. Namely, high performance propellant requires a minimum solids loading in order to combust properly and this translates into mixtures with high viscosities that are difficult to 3D print. In addition, it is important to be able to manufacture realistic propellant formulations into grains that do not deform and can be precisely functionally graded without the presence of defects from the printing process. The research presented in this dissertation identifies the effect of a specific AM process called Vibration Assisted Printing (VAP) on the combustion of propellant, as well as the development of binders that enable UV-curing to improve the final resolution of 3D printed structures. In addition, the combustion dynamics of additively manufactured layered propellant is studied with computational and experimental methods. The work presented in this dissertation lays the foundation for progress in the developing research area of additively manufactured energetic materials.

The appendices of this dissertation presents some additional data that could also be useful for researchers. A more detailed description of the methods necessary to support the VAP process, additional viscosity measurements and micro-CT images of propellant, the combustion of Al/PVDF filament in windowed propellant at pressure, and microexplosions of propellant with an Al/Zr additive are all provided in this section.

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(10732359), Aaron Afriat. "COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED GUN PROPELLANTS." Thesis, 2021.

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Additive manufacturing of gun propellants is an emerging and promising field which addresses the limitations of conventional manufacturing techniques. Gun propellants are manufactured using wetted extrusion, which uses volatile solvents and dies of limited and constant geometries. On the other hand, additive techniques are faced with the challenges of maintaining the gun propellant’s energetic content as well as its structural integrity during high pressure combustion. The work presented in this thesis demonstrates the feasibility of producing functioning gun propellant grains using vibration-assisted 3D printing, a novel method which has been shown to extrude extremely viscous materials such as clays and propellant pastes. At first, the technique is compared to screw-driven additive methods which have been used in printing gun propellant pastes with slightly lower energetic content. In chapter two, diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN), a highly energetic plasticizer, was investigated due to its potential to replace nitroglycerin in double base propellants with high nitroglycerin content. A novel isoconversional method was applied to analyze its decomposition kinetics. The ignition and lifetime values of diethylene glycol dinitrate were obtained using the new isoconversional method, in order to assess the safety of using the plasticizer in a modified double base propellant. In chapter three, a modified double base propellant (M8D) containing DEGDN was additively manufactured using VAP. The printed strands had little to no porosity, and their density was nearly equal to the theoretical maximum density of the mixture. The strands were burned at high pressures in a Crawford bomb and the burning was visualized using high speed cameras. The burning rate equation as a function of the M8D propellant as a function of pressure was obtained. Overall, this work shows that VAP is capable of printing highly energetic gun propellants with low solvent content, low porosity, with high printing speeds, and which have consistent burning characteristics at high pressures.

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Book chapters on the topic "Additive Manufacture of Energetic Materials"

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Wei, Yimeng, Areti Markopoulou, Yuanshuang Zhu, Eduardo Chamorro Martin, and Nikol Kirova. "Additive Manufacture of Cellulose Based Bio-Material on Architectural Scale." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 286–304. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_27.

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AbstractThere are severe environmental and ecological issues once we evaluate the architecture industry with LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), such as emission of CO2 caused by necessary high temperature for producing cement and significant amounts of Construction Demolition Waste (CDW) in deteriorated and obsolete buildings. One of the ways to solve these problems is Bio-Material. CELLULOSE and CHITON is the 1st and 2nd abundant substance in nature (Duro-Royo, J.: Aguahoja_Programmable Water-based Biocomposites for Digital Design and Fabrication across Scales. MIT, pp. 1–3 (2019)), which means significantly potential for architectural dimension production. Meanwhile, renewability and biodegradability make it more conducive to the current problem of construction pollution. The purpose of this study is to explore Cellulose Based Biomaterial and bring it into architectural scale additive manufacture that engages with performance in the material development, with respect to time of solidification and control of shrinkage, as well as offering mechanical strength. At present, the experiments have proved the possibility of developing a cellulose-chitosan- based composite into 3D-Printing Construction Material (Sanandiya, N.D., Vijay, Y., Dimopoulou, M., Dritsas, S., Fernandez, J.G.: Large-scale additive manufacturing with bioinspired cellulosic materials. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 1–5 (2018)). Moreover, The research shows that the characteristics (Such as waterproof, bending, compression, tensile, transparency) of the composite can be enhanced by different additives (such as xanthan gum, paper fiber, flour), which means it can be customized into various architectural components based on Performance Directional Optimization. This solution has a positive effect on environmental impact reduction and is of great significance in putting the architectural construction industry into a more environment-friendly and smart state.
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"Manufacture." In Metal-Fluorocarbon Based Energetic Materials, 271–98. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527644186.ch18.

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Mejia, Guilherme Lourenço. "Solid Rocket Motor Internal Ballistics Simulation Considering Complex 3D Propellant Grain Geometries." In Energetic Materials Research, Applications, and New Technologies, 146–69. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2903-3.ch007.

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Solid rocket motors (SRM) are extensively employed in satellite launchers, missiles and gas generators. Design considers propulsive parameters with dimensional, manufacture, thermal and structural constraints. Solid propellant geometry and computation of its burning rate are essential for the calculation of pressure and thrust vs time curves. The propellant grain geometry changes during SRM burning are also important for structural integrity and analysis. A computational tool for tracking the propagation of tridimensional interfaces and shapes is then necessary. In this sense, the objective of this work is to present the developed computational tool (named RSIM) to simulate the burning surface regression during the combustion process of a solid propellant. The SRM internal ballistics simulation is based on 3D propagation, using the level set method approach. Geometrical and thermodynamic data are used as input for the computation, while simulation results of geometry and chamber pressure versus time are presented in test cases.
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Prasad G., Sahana Jawahar, Sripad Kulkarni S., Deepika G. N., Mirzada Mahaz Ahmed, and Likitha S. "Influence of Additive Manufacturing in Reentry Launch Vehicle." In Advanced Manufacturing Techniques for Engineering and Engineered Materials, 226–38. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9574-9.ch013.

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The two most significant and recently employed techniques in the reusable launch vehicle are computational fluid dynamics and additive fabrication. The design and flow simulation of the reentry capsule were done in this study utilizing computational fluid dynamics in order to optimize the appropriate reentry capsule design. Computational fluid dynamics may be utilized to model real-time supersonic flow during reentry, which aids in forecasting critical shock wave properties. The task was done in Mach 4.3. Furthermore, as compared to prior efforts, the production of shock waves has been delayed in the current experiments. It should be mentioned that the current aerospace sector takes advantage of additive printing to create prototypes for testing reentry launch vehicles. Additive manufacturing is a recently used technique in the reentry launch vehicle. The space industry has been progressively utilizing additive manufacturing in their production in order to optimize their processes and manufacture components that are not achievable with traditional manufacturing methods.
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Maina, Martin Ruthandi. "Laser Additive Manufacturing of Titanium-Based Implants." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 236–47. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0329-3.ch009.

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Titanium and its alloys exhibit a unique combination of mechanical, physical properties and corrosion resistance behaviour which makes them desirable for aerospace, industrial, chemical, medical and energy industries. The selective addition of alloying elements to titanium enables a wide range of physical and mechanical properties to be obtained. Ti-based alloys are finding ever-increasing applications in biomaterials due to their excellent mechanical, physical and biological performance. Intense researches are being pursued in the development of new Ti-based alloys with bio-functionalization closer to human bone, owing to their excellent mechanical strength and resilience when compared to alternative biomaterials, such as polymers and ceramics. Several manufacturing techniques are capable of producing porous materials. There is a need to control pore size, shape, orientation and distribution. This work reviews the application of Ti-based alloys in the biomedical industry and also proposes laser additive manufacture process for the manufacture of medical implants.
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Maina, Martin Ruthandi. "Laser Additive Manufacturing of Titanium-Based Implants." In Biomedical Engineering, 1028–37. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3158-6.ch044.

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Titanium and its alloys exhibit a unique combination of mechanical, physical properties and corrosion resistance behaviour which makes them desirable for aerospace, industrial, chemical, medical and energy industries. The selective addition of alloying elements to titanium enables a wide range of physical and mechanical properties to be obtained. Ti-based alloys are finding ever-increasing applications in biomaterials due to their excellent mechanical, physical and biological performance. Intense researches are being pursued in the development of new Ti-based alloys with bio-functionalization closer to human bone, owing to their excellent mechanical strength and resilience when compared to alternative biomaterials, such as polymers and ceramics. Several manufacturing techniques are capable of producing porous materials. There is a need to control pore size, shape, orientation and distribution. This work reviews the application of Ti-based alloys in the biomedical industry and also proposes laser additive manufacture process for the manufacture of medical implants.
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Pan, Chi Chun, Carolyn Kim, Jiannan Li, Elaine Lui, Brett Salazar, Stuart B. Goodman, and Yunzhi P. Yang. "Bioprinting for Bone Tissue Engineering." In Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications, 1–9. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v23a.a0006854.

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Abstract Due to its layer-by-layer process, 3D printing enables the formation of complex geometries using multiple materials. Three-dimensional printing for bone tissue engineering is called bioprinting and refers to the use of material-transfer processes for patterning and assembling biologically relevant materials, molecules, cells, tissues, and biodegradable biomaterials with a prescribed organization to accomplish one or more biological functions. Currently, 3D bioprinting constructs can be classified into two categories: acellular and cellular. This article introduces and discusses these two approaches based on the suitable materials for these constructs and the fabrication processes used to manufacture them. The materials are grouped into polymers, metals, and hydrogels. The article also summarizes the commonly used 3D printing techniques for these materials, as well as cell types used for various applications. Lastly, current challenges in tissue engineering are discussed.
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Barua, Ranjit, Amit Roychowdhury, and Pallab Datta. "Study of Different Additive Manufacturing Processes and Emergent Applications in Modern Healthcare." In Advanced Manufacturing Techniques for Engineering and Engineered Materials, 239–59. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9574-9.ch014.

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The additive manufacturing process denotes modern manufacturing technologies that create a practical model from digital data. These days, the 3D (three-dimensional) printing technology signifies a great prospect to support medicinal and healthcare firms to produce new definite medicines, allowing quick manufacture of medicinal transplants, and moving the approach that specializes surgeon and physician strategy measures. For example, currently, in the practice of modern medical treatment, patient-specific anatomical models (3D-printed) are used. Soon, functional implantable organs by 3D (three-dimensional) printed process will possibly be offered, decreasing the queue time and growing the total of lives protected. This modern manufacturing technology for healthcare and medical is still required to a great extent of work in development; however, it is applied in numerous dissimilar habits in a medicinal and therapeutic area that previously reeled below a huge burden concerning optimum presentation.
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Joseph, Jithin. "Direct Laser Fabrication of Compositionally Complex Materials." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 147–63. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4054-1.ch008.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) opens up the possibility of a direct build-up of components with sophisticated internal features or overhangs that are difficult to manufacture by a single conventional method. As a cost-efficient, tool-free, and digital approach to manufacturing components with complex geometries, AM of metals offers many critical benefits to various sectors such as aerospace, medical, automotive, and energy compared to conventional manufacturing processes. Direct laser fabrication (DLF) uses pre-alloyed powder mix or in-situ alloying of the elemental powders for metal additive manufacturing with excellent chemical homogeneity. It, therefore, shows great promise to enable the production of complex engineering components. This technique allows the highest build rates of the AM techniques with no restrictions on deposit size/shape and the fabrication of graded and hybrid materials by simultaneously feeding different filler materials. The advantages and disadvantages of DLF on the fabrication of compositionally complex metallic alloys are discussed in the chapter.
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Vargas-Bernal, Rafael. "The Role of Self-Assembly in Additive Manufacturing of Aerospace Applications." In Handbook of Research on Advancements in the Processing, Characterization, and Application of Lightweight Materials, 287–310. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7864-3.ch013.

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Additive manufacturing is a strategy to produce parts with complex geometries whose process is prohibitive in cost or impossible through subtractive or formative techniques. Research groups are optimizing additive manufacturing processes to improve their performance and reduce the cost of aerospace parts. One of the emerging design techniques is self-assembly which seeks to reduce the number of parts to produce best design practices and rules. Self-assembly represents a comprehensive strategy that improves process time, product quality, cost of materials, and printability. The purpose of this chapter is to review the technological contributions that self-assembly has had in the additive manufacturing of aerospace parts. Future perspectives of the role of self-assembly in additive manufacturing are proposed. According to what was found in this research, self-assembly will facilitate the additive manufacturing of parts in various technological sectors where the manufacture of lightweight parts with high added value and restrictive regulations are required.
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Conference papers on the topic "Additive Manufacture of Energetic Materials"

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Ruz-Nuglo, Fidel, Lori Groven, and Jan A. Puszynski. "Additive Manufacturing for Energetic Components and Materials." In 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-3894.

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DRIEL, CHRIS VAN, MICHIEL STRAATHOF, and JOOST VAN LINGEN. "Developments in Additive Manufacturing of Energetic Materials at TNO." In 30th International Symposium on Ballistics. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics2017/16867.

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Esfahani, M. R. Nekouie, M. P. Shuttleworth, R. A. Harris, R. W. Kay, V. Doychinov, I. D. Robertson, J. Marques-Hueso, T. D. A. Jones, A. Ryspayeva, and M. P. Y. Desmulliez. "Hybrid Additive Manufacture of Conformal Antennas." In 2018 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imws-amp.2018.8457128.

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Mahamood, Rasheedat M., Yasuhiro Okamoto, Martin Ruthandi Maina, Stephen A. Akinlabi, Sisa Pityana, Monnamme Tlotleng, and Esther T. Akinlabi. "Wear Resistance Behaviour of Laser Additive Manufacture Materials: An Overview." In 2019 International Conference on Engineering, Science, and Industrial Applications (ICESI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icesi.2019.8863016.

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Muhammad, Noorhafiza, Amirul Asyraf Azli, Mohd Shuhidan Saleh, Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi, Mohd Fathullah Ghazli, and Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim. "A review on additive manufacturing in bioresorbable stent manufacture." In PROCEEDINGS OF 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ICAMET 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0051941.

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Pompidou, Stéphane, Marion Prinçaud, Nicolas Perry, and Dimitri Leray. "Recycling of Carbon Fiber: Identification of Bases for a Synergy Between Recyclers and Designers." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82106.

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In order to decrease both energy consumption and CO2 emissions, the automotive, aeronautics and aerospace industries aim at making lighter vehicles. To achieve this, composite materials provide good opportunities, ensuring high material properties and free definition of geometry. As an example, for cold applications, the use of carbon fiber/thermoset composites is ever increasing, in spite of a high fiber price. But in a global and eco-friendly approach, the major limitation for their use remains their potential recyclability. Recycling a composite means having a recycling technology available, getting a dismantle solution and an access for the product, and disposing identification plus selection possibilities to the materials. Thus, carbon fibers recovery (i.e. recycling and re-processing) would both help design engineers to balance energy efficiency and cost, and open new opportunities for developing second-life composites, dedicated to the manufacture of medium or low loaded parts (non-structural in many cases). A first section presents an overview of composite recycling possibilities. Indeed, environmentally and economically, composite incineration is not attractive (even with an energetic valorization), let-alone burying. Reuse and recycling thus remain the two most interesting options. Aeronautics offers a high potential in terms of fiber deposit. In southwest France, composites recycling will increase in terms of quantity due to dismantling platforms Tarmac (dedicated to civil aircraft applications) and P2P (for the disassembly of ballistic weapons). In addition, from a technical point of view, and even if end-of-life solutions for composites still remain under development, solvolysis (i.e. water under supercritical conditions) already offers the opportunity to recover carbon fibers. The resulting recyclate retains up to 90 percent of the fiber’s mechanical properties. A second part will explore the recycling to design issue (i.e. how recycling processes have to balance the previous aspects of the end-of-life proposal). The recycler clearly becomes a new supplier in the carbon fiber lifecycle, by revalorizing wastes with alternatives to burning. Moreover, increasing carbon fiber shelf life reduces its product life impact. Finally, promoting carbon fiber end-of-life would ensure to link aeronautics, automotive, and leisure and sports industries; but one can create demand for recycled reinforcement, by packaging it in useful and attractive forms for those end-users (e.g. pseudo-continuous fiber, felt, strips, bands, patches, etc.). These sections will be enlightened by several examples from collaborations between I2M and local industries.
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Larimore, Zachary J., Paul E. Parsons, Austin Good, Kyle McParland, and Mark Mirotznik. "Materials for Use in the Additive Manufacture of RF Components and Devices." In 2021 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceaa52647.2021.9539699.

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Karpagaraj, A., S. Baskaran, T. Arunnellaiappan, and N. Rajesh Kumar. "A review on the suitability of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) for stainless steel 316." In ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL DESIGN, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE: Proceeding of the Second International Conference on Design, Materials and Manufacture (ICDEM 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0004148.

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Vallejo Melgarejo, Laura Daniela, Jose García, Ronald G. Reifenberger, and Brittany Newell. "Manufacture of Lenses and Diffraction Gratings Using DLP As an Additive Manufacturing Technology." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-7963.

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This document condenses the results obtained when 3D printing lenses and their potential use as diffraction gratings using Digital Light Processing (DLP), as an additive manufacturing technique. This project investigated the feasibility of using DLP additive manufacturing for producing custom designed lenses and gratings. DLP was identified as the preferred manufacturing technology for gratings fabrication. Diffraction gratings take advantage of the anisotropy, inherent in additive manufacturing processes, to produce a collated pattern of multiple fringes on a substrate with completely smooth surfaces. The gratings are transmissive and were manufactured with slit separations of 10, 25 and 50 μm. More than 50 samples were printed at various build angles and mechanically treated for maximum optical transparency. The variables of the irradiance equation were obtained from photographs taken with an optical microscope. These values were used to estimate theoretical irradiance patterns of a diffraction grating and compared against the experimental 3-D printed grating. The resulting patterns were found to be remarkably similar in amplitude and distance between peaks when compared to theoretical values.
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Yadollahi, Aref, Denver Seely, Brian Patton, and Nima Shamsaei. "Microstructural Features and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel fabricated by Laser Additive Manufacture." In 56th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1355.

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Reports on the topic "Additive Manufacture of Energetic Materials"

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Slattery, Kevin T. Unsettled Aspects of the Digital Thread in Additive Manufacturing. SAE International, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021026.

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In the past years, additive manufacturing (AM), also known as “3D printing,” has transitioned from rapid prototyping to making parts with potentially long service lives. Now AM provides the ability to have an almost fully digital chain from part design through manufacture and service. Web searches will reveal many statements that AM can help an organization in its pursuit of a “digital thread.” Equally, it is often stated that a digital thread may bring great benefits in improving designs, processes, materials, operations, and the ability to predict failure in a way that maximizes safety and minimizes cost and downtime. Now that the capability is emerging, a whole series of new questions begin to surface as well: •• What data should be stored, how will it be stored, and how much space will it require? •• What is the cost-to-benefit ratio of having a digital thread? •• Who owns the data and who can access and analyze it? •• How long will the data be stored and who will store it? •• How will the data remain readable and usable over the lifetime of a product? •• How much manipulation of disparate data is necessary for analysis without losing information? •• How will the data be secured, and its provenance validated? •• How does an enterprise accomplish configuration management of, and linkages between, data that may be distributed across multiple organizations? •• How do we determine what is “authoritative” in such an environment? These, along with many other questions, mark the combination of AM with a digital thread as an unsettled issue. As the seventh title in a series of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports on AM, this report discusses what the interplay between AM and a digital thread in the mobility industry would look like. This outlook includes the potential benefits and costs, the hurdles that need to be overcome for the combination to be useful, and how an organization can answer these questions to scope and benefit from the combination. This report, like the others in the series, is directed at a product team that is implementing AM. Unlike most of the other reports, putting the infrastructure in place, addressing the issues, and taking full advantage of the benefits will often fall outside of the purview of the product team and at the higher organizational, customer, and industry levels.
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