Journal articles: 'Additive Conjoint Measurement'

1

Fishburn, Peter C. "Nontransitive additive conjoint measurement." Journal of Mathematical Psychology 35, no. 1 (March 1991): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(91)90032-o.

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Fishburn, Peter C. "Continuous nontransitive additive conjoint measurement." Mathematical Social Sciences 20, no. 2 (October 1990): 165–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-4896(90)90027-5.

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Bouyssou, Denis, and Thierry Marchant. "Additive conjoint measurement with ordered categories." European Journal of Operational Research 203, no. 1 (May 2010): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2009.07.032.

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Maas, Arne, and Peter Wakker. "Additive Conjoint Measurement for Multiattribute Utility." Journal of Mathematical Psychology 38, no. 1 (March 1994): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmps.1994.1005.

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Luce, R. Duncan, and Ragnar Steingrimsson. "Theory and tests of the conjoint commutativity axiom for additive conjoint measurement." Journal of Mathematical Psychology 55, no. 5 (October 2011): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmp.2011.05.004.

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Fishburn, Peter C. "Unique nontransitive additive conjoint measurement on finite sets." Annals of Operations Research 23, no. 1 (December 1990): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02204847.

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Bouyssou, D., and T. Marchant. "Ordered categories and additive conjoint measurement on connected sets." Journal of Mathematical Psychology 53, no. 2 (April 2009): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmp.2008.12.004.

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Gonzales, Christophe. "Two Factor Additive Conjoint Measurement with One Solvable Component." Journal of Mathematical Psychology 44, no. 2 (June 2000): 285–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmps.1998.1248.

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Nygren, Thomas E. "An Examination of Conditional Violations of Axioms for Additive Conjoint Measurement." Applied Psychological Measurement 9, no. 3 (September 1985): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014662168500900303.

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Karabatsos, George. "On Bayesian Testing of Additive Conjoint Measurement Axioms Using Synthetic Likelihood." Psychometrika 83, no. 2 (August 25, 2017): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11336-017-9581-x.

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Burro, Roberto. "La teoria della misurazione congiunta in psicofisica." DiPAV - QUADERNI, no. 25 (September 2009): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/dipa2009-025008.

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-The aim of this paper is to propose Rasch's psychometric model as a special case of simultaneous additive conjoint measurement serviceable in Psychophysics. The essential character of conjoint measurement is described by an axiomatization for the comparison of effects of pairs formed from two specified kinds of parameters (subject ability and stimulus difficulty). On a theoretical level, this paper shows the relations between these two parameters and the psychophysical concept of sensory threshold.

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Krantz, David H., and Thomas S. Wallsten. "Comment on Trendler’s (2019) “Conjoint measurement undone”." Theory & Psychology 29, no. 1 (February 2019): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354318815767.

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Most of Trendler’s (2019) article, “Conjoint measurement undone,” seems wrong to us. We explain why we disagree completely with two of his assertions: (a) that cardinal measurement scales are absent in psychology and (b) that psychology has stagnated. We share three of his other concerns, but not his perspectives on them or the supposed links among them. These three points are: (a) fewer applications of additive conjoint measurement than initially expected, (b) flaws in the practice of statistics, and (c) need to improve the culture of replication in psychology. We provide our views on these points and also note two distinct strands in the foundational analysis of measurement—one derived from geometry, the other from probability. Trendler completely overlooked the latter.

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Verhoef, C. G., A. Maas, L. J. A. Stalpers, A. L. M. Verbeek, Th Wobbes, and W. A. J. van Daal. "The feasibility of additive conjoint measurement in measuring utilities in breast cancer patients." Health Policy 17, no. 1 (February 1991): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8510(91)90116-f.

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Nichiporuk, Nikolay, Kenneth Knoblauch, Clément Abbatecola, and Steven Shevell. "The Lightness Distortion Effect: Additive Conjoint Measurement Shows Race Has a Larger Influence on Perceived Lightness of Upright than Inverted Faces." Journal of Vision 17, no. 10 (August 31, 2017): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.10.245.

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Hübner, Ronald. "ADCOM: Programs for Finding Scale Values for Additive Conjoint Measurement and for Computing All Solutions to a System of Linear Inequalities." Applied Psychological Measurement 13, no. 3 (September 1989): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014662168901300304.

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Trendler, Günter. "Conjoint measurement undone." Theory & Psychology 29, no. 1 (August 3, 2018): 100–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354318788729.

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According to classical measurement theory, fundamental measurement necessarily requires the operation of concatenation qua physical addition. Quantities which do not allow this operation are measurable only indirectly by means of derived measurement. Since only extensive quantities sustain the operation of physical addition, measurement in psychology has been considered problematic. In contrast, the theory of conjoint measurement, as developed in representational measurement theory, proposes that the operation of ordering is sufficient for establishing fundamental measurement. The validity of this view is questioned. The misconception about the advantages of conjoint measurement, it is argued, results from the failure to notice that magnitudes of derived quantities cannot be determined directly, i.e., without the help of associated quantitative indicators. This takes away the advantages conjoint measurement has over derived measurement, making it practically useless.

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Sun, Hua-Chun, David St-Amand, Curtis L. Baker, and Frederick A. A. Kingdom. "Visual perception of texture regularity: Conjoint measurements and a wavelet response-distribution model." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): e1008802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008802.

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Texture regularity, such as the repeating pattern in a carpet, brickwork or tree bark, is a ubiquitous feature of the visual world. The perception of regularity has generally been studied using multi-element textures in which the degree of regularity has been manipulated by adding random jitter to the elements’ positions. Here we used three-factor Maximum Likelihood Conjoint Measurement (MLCM) for the first time to investigate the encoding of regularity information under more complex conditions in which element spacing and size, in addition to positional jitter, were manipulated. Human observers were presented with large numbers of pairs of multi-element stimuli with varying levels of the three factors, and indicated on each trial which stimulus appeared more regular. All three factors contributed to regularity perception. Jitter, as expected, strongly affected regularity perception. This effect of jitter on regularity perception is strongest at small element spacing and large texture element size, suggesting that the visual system utilizes the edge-to-edge distance between elements as the basis for regularity judgments. We then examined how the responses of a bank of Gabor wavelet spatial filters might account for our results. Our analysis indicates that the peakedness of the spatial frequency (SF) distribution, a previously favored proposal, is insufficient for regularity encoding since it varied more with element spacing and size than with jitter. Instead, our results support the idea that the visual system may extract texture regularity information from the moments of the SF-distribution across orientation. In our best-performing model, the variance of SF-distribution skew across orientations can explain 70% of the variance of estimated texture regularity from our data, suggesting that it could provide a candidate read-out for perceived regularity.

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LaPrade, Christopher M., Andrew S. Bernhardson, Zachary S. Aman, Gilbert Moatshe, Jorge Chahla, Grant J. Dornan, Robert F. LaPrade, and Matthew T. Provencher. "Changes in the Neurovascular Anatomy of the Shoulder After an Open Latarjet Procedure: Defining a Surgical Safe Zone." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 9 (May 24, 2018): 2185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518773309.

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Background: Although previous literature has described the relevant anatomy for an open anterior Bankart approach of the shoulder, there is little known regarding the anatomic relationship changes in the neurovascular structures after an open Latarjet procedure. Purpose: To define the neurovascular anatomy of the native shoulder in relation to the coracoid and to define the anatomy after the Latarjet procedure in relation to the glenoid to determine distances to these neurovascular structures with and without neurolysis of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) from the conjoint tendon. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Fourteen fresh-frozen male cadaveric shoulders (7 matched pairs) were utilized. The distances of 7 neurovascular structures (the main trunk of the MCN at its insertion into the conjoint tendon, the MCN at its closest location to the coracoid process, the lateral cord of the plexus, the split of the lateral cord and MCN, the posterior cord of the plexus, the axillary nerve, and the axillary artery) to pertinent landmarks were first measured in the native state in relation to the coracoid. After the Latarjet procedure, these landmarks were measured in relation to the glenoid. In addition, measurements of the MCN distances were performed both with and without neurolysis of the MCN from the conjoint tendon. All measurements were performed using digital calipers and reported as medians with ranges. Results: The median MCN entry into the conjoint tendon was 56.5 mm (range, 43.0-82.2 mm) and 57.1 mm (range, 23.5-92.9 mm) from the tip of the coracoid in the neurolysis group and nonneurolysis group, respectively ( P = .32). After the Latarjet procedure, the median MCN entry into the conjoint tendon was 43.8 mm (range, 20.2-58.3 mm) and 35.6 mm (range, 27.3-84.5 mm) from the 3-o’clock position of the glenoid in the neurolysis and nonneurolysis groups, respectively ( P = .83). The median MCN entry into the conjoint tendon was 35.6 mm (range, 25.1-58.0 mm) and 36.3 mm (range, 24.4-77.9 mm) from the 6-o’clock position in the neurolysis group and nonneurolysis group, respectively ( P = .99). After the Latarjet procedure, the closest neurovascular structures in relation to both the 3-o’clock and 6-o’clock positions to the coracoid were the axillary nerve at a median 27.4 mm (range, 19.8-40.0 mm) and 27.7 mm (range, 23.2-36.1 mm), respectively. Conclusion: This study identified a minimum distance medial to the glenoid after the Latarjet procedure to be approximately 19.8 mm for the axillary nerve, 23.6 mm for the posterior cord, and 24.4 mm and 20.2 mm for the MCN without and with neurolysis, respectively. Neurolysis of the MCN did not significantly change the distance of the nerve from pertinent landmarks compared with no neurolysis, and routine neurolysis may not be indicated. However, the authors still advise that there may be clinical benefit to performing neurolysis during surgery, especially given that the short length of the MCN puts it at risk for traction injuries during the Latarjet procedure. Clinical Relevance: The findings of this study provide an improved understanding of the position of the neurovascular structures after the Latarjet procedure. Knowledge of these minimum distances will help avoid iatrogenic damage of the neurovascular structures when performing procedures involving transfer of the coracoid process.

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Hoffman, Mark S., M. Cohen, Myra P. Bussemakers, and Rasmus de Gruil. "Influence of Organizational Culture in Europe on Perceptions of the Role of POS Technology in the Store." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 13 (October 1998): 954–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804201302.

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Point Of Sale (POS) technology in supermarkets provides a common structure for fiduciary and organizational management, associate behaviors, and consumer interactions. Macroergonomic studies with two large European supermarket companies in Germany and Italy were completed. These studies included in-store observations, transaction processing measurement, associate and store management focus groups, and corporate management interviews. The store analyses revealed that organizational communication, social traditions, ergonomic standards, and legal restrictions were perceived barriers preventing the use of new technology to transform their business. In addition, conjoint analyses were conducted to determine technology solutions most critical to managing the business, and the expected benefits of implementing that technology. Results indicated that the North American retail model that uses new technology as the change agent of organizational does not directly apply to European supermarket retailers.

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Meyerding, Stephan G. H. "Job preferences of agricultural students in Germany – A choice-based conjoint analysis for both genders." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2017.0060.

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Knowledge of the job preferences of agricultural students is essential for the competitiveness of the industry. Yet no study is available in Germany. Other studies mostly used direct questions for the preference measurement, which raises possible concerns about a socially desirable response bias. For this reason, the present study combines a quasi-experiment (choice-based conjoint analysis) and direct questions (Likert scales) to measure the job preferences of 568 agricultural students in Germany and compares the results. In addition to finding gender differences, the study found that ‘income’ and ‘future perspective’ are the most important job characteristics for the job choice of agricultural students, and that they also prefer an increasing ‘work-life-balance’ as well as a ‘rural location’ for their future employer. Insights about job characteristics’ attractiveness lead to a more transparent environment in which employers and (potential) employees make better-informed decisions, resulting in increased job satisfaction, performance and career sustainability.

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Morello, Victorio, Vincent Desaulniers Brousseau, Natalie Wu, Bo-Sen Wu, Sarah MacPherson, and Mark Lefsrud. "Light Quality Impacts Vertical Growth Rate, Phytochemical Yield and Cannabinoid Production Efficiency in Cannabis sativa." Plants 11, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 2982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212982.

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Light is one of the most crucial parameters for enclosed cannabis (Cannabis sativa) production, as it highly influences growth, secondary metabolite production, and operational costs. The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate the impact of six light spectra on C. sativa (‘Babbas Erkle Cookies’ accession) growth traits and secondary metabolite (cannabinoid and terpene) profiles. The light spectra evaluated included blue (430 nm), red (630 nm), rose (430 + 630 nm, ratio 1:10), purple (430 + 630 nm, ratio 2:1), and amber (595 nm) LED treatments, in addition to a high-pressure sodium (HPS, amber-rich light) treatment as a control. All the LED light treatments had lower fresh mean inflorescence mass than the control (HPS, 133.59 g plant−1), and monochromatic blue light yielded the least fresh inflorescence mass (76.39 g plant−1). Measurement of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration (%) and total yield (g plant−1) showed how inflorescence mass and THC concentration need to be analyzed conjointly. Blue treatment resulted in the highest THC concentration (10.17% m/m), yet the lowest THC concentration per plant (1.44 g plant−1). The highest THC concentration per plant was achieved with HPS (2.54 g plant−1). As with THC, blue light increased cannabigerol (CBG) and terpene concentration. Conversely, blue light had a lesser impact on cannabidiol (CBD) biosynthesis in this C. sativa chemotype. As the combined effects of the light spectrum on both growth traits and secondary metabolites have important ramifications for the industry, the inappropriate spectral design could cause a reduction in cannabinoid production (20–40%). These findings show promise in helping producers choose spectral designs that meet specific C. sativa production goals.

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Djordjevic, Boban, Marijan Novakovic, Milan Milisavljevic, Sasa Milicevic, and Aleksandar Malikovic. "Surgical anatomy and histology of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle for blepharoptosis correction." Vojnosanitetski pregled 70, no. 12 (2013): 1124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1312124d.

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Background/Aim. The detailed knowledge of the architecture of the upper eyelid is very important in numerous upper eyelid corrective surgeries. The article deals with the detailed anatomy of the major components of the upper lid, which are commonly seen in surgical practice. Methods. This study was conducted on 19 human cadavers (12 adults and 7 infants) without pathologic changes in the orbital region and eyelids. Anatomic microdissection of the contents of the orbita was performed bilaterally on 12 orbits from 6 unfixed cadavers (3 male and 3 female). Micromorphologic investigations of the orbital tissue were performed on 8 en bloc excised and formalin-fixed orbits of infant cadavers. Specimens were fixed according to the Duvernoy method. An intra-arterial injection of 5% mixture of melt formalin and black ink was administered into the carotid arterial system. Using routine fixation, decalcination, dehydration, illumination, impregnation and molding procedures in paraplast, specimens were prepared for cross-sections. Results. The measurement of the muscle length and diameter in situ in 6 nonfixed cadavers (12 orbits) showed an average length of the levator palpbrae superioris (LPS) muscle body of the 42.0 ? 1.41 mm on the right, and 40.3 ? 1.63 mm on the left side. In all the cases, the LPS had blood supply from 4 different arterial systems: the lacrimal, supratrochlear, and supraorbital artery and muscle branches of the ophthalmic artery. The LPS muscle in all the specimens was supplied by the superior medial branch of the oculomotor nerve. The connective tissue associated with the LPS muscle contains two transverse ligaments: the superior (Whitnall?s) and intermuscular transverse ligaments (ITL). The orbital septum in all the specimens originated from the arcus marginalis of the frontal bone, and consisted of two layers - the superficial and the inner layer. In addition, a detailed histological analysis revealed that the upper eyelid?s crease was formed by the conjoined fascia including the fascia of the orbicularis muscle, the superficial layer of the orbital septum, and the aponeurosis of the LPS muscle, as well as the pretarsal fascia. Conclusion. The conducted study provided a valuable morphological basis for biomechanical and clinical considerations regarding blepharoptosis surgery.

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Heene, Moritz. "Additive conjoint measurement and the resistance toward falsifiability in psychology." Frontiers in Psychology 4 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00246.

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Ladwig, Simon, Katja Werheid, Martin Südmeyer, and Matthias Volz. "Predictors of post-stroke depression: Validation of established risk factors and introduction of a dynamic perspective in two longitudinal studies." Frontiers in Psychiatry 14 (February 13, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1093918.

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IntroductionCerebral insults lead in many cases not only to cognitive impairment but also to disturbed emotionality. After stroke, one in three survivors develops a depression which impacts quality of life and rehabilitation. Meta-analyses have identified five main predictors of post-stroke depression (PSD): history of mental disorder, stroke severity, physical disability, cognitive impairment, and social support. However, these five established variables have never been conjointly investigated in a sample of stroke survivors. Therefore, their independent predictive values remain unclear. Moreover, predictors are most often used as time-invariant factors (status scores), neglecting the intraindividual dynamics after stroke.MethodsOur study analyses the data of two prospective longitudinal studies, investigating stroke survivors from two rehabilitation hospitals (N1 = 273) and one acute care hospital (N2 = 226). Baseline assessments included the five established predictors and depressive symptoms. After 6 months, depressive symptoms were reassessed in both studies (n1 = 176, n2 = 183), and physical disability and social support were reassessed in study 2. The predictivity of the five predictors and the additional predictivity of intraindividual dynamics for PSD were examined in multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsHistory of mental disorder was a risk factor for depressive symptoms after stroke at all measurement times (B = 3.32 to 3.97; p < 0.01). Physical disability was a risk factor at all measurement times (B = −0.09 to −0.03; p < 0.05) except 6 months after rehabilitation. Social support was a protective factor (B = −2.69 to −1.91; p < 0.01) outside the acute phase (R2 = 0.15–0.39). Intraindividual changes in physical disability and perceived social support were independent predictors of PSD 6 months after the acute phase (B = −0.08/−0.14; p < 0.01), in addition to status scores on established variables (ΔR2 = 0.08, p < 0.001).DiscussionHistory of mental disorder, physical disability, and social support are independent predictors of depressive symptoms in the first year post-stroke, also when considered conjointly. Future studies should control for these variables when investigating new predictors of PSD. In addition, intraindividual changes in known predictors after stroke play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of PSD and should be considered in clinical practice and future research.

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Buz, José, Antonio Crego, José R. Yela, Elena Sánchez-Zaballos, and Antonio Ayuso. "Should We Use a Total Score, Two Subscale Scores, or Six Subscale Scores for the Self-Compassion Scale? A Multi-faceted Assessment Beyond Model Fit Indices." Mindfulness, June 8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01917-4.

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Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to conduct a multi-faceted assessment of the psychometric properties of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). In addition to the goodness-of-fit, we aimed to assess the strength and replicability of three factorial solutions, and the quality and effectiveness of the three scoring schemes of the scale (i.e., total scale score, two subscale scores, and six subscale scores). Methods Participants were 1508 Spanish-speaking community-dwelling adults (M = 34.94 years, SD = 15.02). Data were examined by means of a conjoint strategy using Rasch modeling, non-linear factor analysis, exploratory bifactor analysis, and parallel analysis. A procedure for selecting the optimal set of items that must be used to compute individual’s scores was used. Results The unidimensional solution showed a marginal model fit (RMSR = .089), and both the bifactor two-group and bifactor six-group solutions showed a good fit (RMSR = .043 and .019, respectively). However, only the unidimensional and the bifactor two-factor solutions showed interpretable and replicable factor structures, and high-quality and effective scores to be used for measurement purposes. Subscale scores derived from the six primary factors did not show adequate psychometric properties. It was observed that the information provided by 10 items was redundant and had already been provided by the other 16 items. Conclusions Good model fit is neither sufficient nor necessary to justify the use of a scoring scheme. Goodness-of-fit statistics should be complemented by an assessment of the metric properties of the resulting scores when proposing SCS scoring schemes.

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Arpón, Ana, José-Ignacio Riezu-Boj, Fermín I. Milagro, José L. Santos, and J. Alfredo Martínez. "Adiposity and dyslipidaemia are associated with epigenetic age acceleration." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 79, OCE2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665120003468.

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AbstractAdipose tissue is an endocrine organ involved in a variety of regulatory functions beyond simple fat storage. Excessive fat accumulation in the visceral tissue has been related to obesity associated comorbidities and manifestations such as hypertension, hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolemia, and inflammatory processes. In the later stages of life, there is a shift of fat distribution from subcutaneous to visceral depots, which is associated to the development of several age-related diseases. Epigenetics has been described as a potential contributor in aging processes, being also associated with diseases and fat deposition that progress with age. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationships between aging, epigenetic processes and visceral adipose tissue.The study population included 269 adult subjects recruited in the University of Navarra, Spain. Methylation data was assessed by Infinium MethylationEPIC beadchip from Illumina. Epigenetic age acceleration was calculated using the method GrimAge (AgeAccGrim), available in the website DNA methylation Age Calculator (https://dnamage.genetics.ucla.edu/home). Anthropometric, biochemical and blood pressure measurements were assessed following standardized methods. Body composition measurements by DXA were also carried out.Statistically significant correlations were found between age acceleration and waist circumference, some DXA-measured variables (lean mass, trunk fat mass, android fat mass, visceral adipose tissue mass), glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides levels and C-reactive protein. Linear regression models showed that visceral adipose tissue mass and HDL-cholesterol were conjointly influencing the epigenetic age acceleration. In addition, a mediation by HDL-cholesterol in the relationship between AgeAccGrim and visceral adipose tissue mass was found.Collectively, these findings demonstrated that visceral adiposity and dyslipidaemia are associated with accelerated aging effects, contributing to understand the development of age-related diseases.

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Mondéjar-Jiménez, Juan-Antonio, Manu Carricano, and José Mondéjar-Jiménez. "Measuring Reference Price Formation: Analysis In A Virtual Experimental Context." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 6, no. 12 (February 6, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v6i12.2502.

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As many surveys stated, companies are investing in better pricing processes, tools and capabilities. Among these companies, 42% consider that capturing the full value of products and services is one of the top challenges related to price setting and optimization. In addition, many improvements have been made recently in the way companies set an optimal price level and adapt their pricing processes. However, pricing decision-makers have to face a paradox: price setting is a left-brained (rational) process, whereas price perceptions and evaluations are right-brained (subjective). Tools available to solve this paradox are limited. Direct measures (price tresholds,...), Van Vestendorp’s PSM approach, conjoint measurement can be useful in assessing price evaluations but fail in measuring how consumers compare, evaluate and memorize price offers. Reference price, viewed as a standard against which the purchase price of a product is judged (Monroe, 1973), is one of the most studied constructs in research on strategic pricing decisions. As Kalyanaram and Winer (1995) stated, “reference price is a psychological construct which, when incorporated into normative models, can change the way marketing managers make decisions about price and promotions”. One stream of research has identified antecedents of reference price and has assessed their effects through experimentation, others have reported effects of reference price models on brand choice and other purchase decisions (Mazumdar et al. 2005). Many studies have examined and called for greater integration of different measures of reference price, noting that the research area is highly context specific (Lowe and Alpert, 2007). The purpose of this research is to operationalize a tool to measure and control contextual influences on reference price formation using a simulated experiment. The decision environment is generated and controlled in a lab setting using a software that simulates a purchase decision context and records the behaviours induced by that process. Contextual and temporal influences can be measured monitoring the total amount of information consulted for competing products (attributes and prices), as well as the time spent on information search. More specifically, this research evaluates the impact of search effort on the perceived reference price in the market at different points in time in the decision process.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Additive Conjoint Measurement'

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