Journal articles: 'Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing'

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Liang, Steven Y., Yixuan Feng, and Jinqiang Ning. "Predictive Manufacturing: Subtractive and Additive." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 842 (June 16, 2020): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/842/1/012024.

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Kunwar, Puskal, Zheng Xiong, Shannon Theresa Mcloughlin, and Pranav Soman. "Oxygen-Permeable Films for Continuous Additive, Subtractive, and Hybrid Additive/Subtractive Manufacturing." 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing 7, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2019.0166.

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Harris, Ian D. "Additive Manufacturing: A Transformational Advanced Manufacturing Technology." AM&P Technical Articles 170, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2012-05.p025.

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Abstract The idea of building a part from scratch on a single machine or rebuilding components and assemblies in situ is a radical departure from conventional thinking based on subtractive manufacturing. This article discusses the benefits foreseen with additive or direct digital manufacturing and describes ongoing efforts to accelerate the development and realization of the technology.

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Sathish, K., S. Senthil Kumar, R. Thamil Magal, V. Selvaraj, V. Narasimharaj, R. Karthikeyan, G. Sabarinathan, Mohit Tiwari, and Adamu Esubalew Kassa. "A Comparative Study on Subtractive Manufacturing and Additive Manufacturing." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (April 15, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6892641.

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In recent days, additive manufacturing (AM) plays a vital role in manufacturing a component compared to subtractive manufacturing. AM has a wide advantage in producing complex parts and revolutionizing logistics panorama worldwide. Many researchers compared this emerging manufacturing methodology with the conventional methodology and found that it helps in meeting the demand, designing highly complex components, and reducing wastage of materials, and there are a wide variety of AM processes. The process of making the components in full use of technology with several manufacturing applications to meet the above is studied along with the properties of AM, and subsequently, the advantages of AM over the subtractive methods are described. In this paper, the achievements in this manner with considerable gains are studied and are concluded as a paradigm shift to fulfil the AM potential.

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Liu, Jikai, and Albert C. To. "Topology optimization for hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 55, no. 4 (August 29, 2016): 1281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-016-1565-4.

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Stavropoulos, Panagiotis, Harry Bikas, Oliver Avram, Anna Valente, and George Chryssolouris. "Hybrid subtractive–additive manufacturing processes for high value-added metal components." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 111, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2020): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06099-8.

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Abstract Hybrid process chains lack structured decision-making tools to support advanced manufacturing strategies, consisting of a simulation-enhanced sequencing and planning of additive and subtractive processes. The paper sets out a method aiming at identifying an optimal process window for additive manufacturing, while considering its integration with conventional technologies, starting from part inspection as a built-in functionality, quantifying geometrical and dimensional part deviations, and triggering an effective hybrid process recipe. The method is demonstrated on a hybrid manufacturing scenario, by dynamically sequencing laser deposition (DLM) and subtraction (milling), triggered by intermediate inspection steps to ensure consistent growth of a part.

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Wu, Xuefeng, Chentao Su, and Kaiyue Zhang. "316L Stainless Steel Thin-Walled Parts Hybrid-Layered Manufacturing Process Study." Materials 16, no. 19 (September 30, 2023): 6518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16196518.

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Additive manufacturing technology overcomes the limitations imposed by traditional manufacturing techniques, such as fixtures, tools, and molds, thereby enabling a high degree of design freedom for parts and attracting significant attention. Combined with subtractive manufacturing technology, additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing (ASHM) has the potential to enhance surface quality and machining accuracy. This paper proposes a method for simulating the additive and subtractive manufacturing process, enabling accurate deformation prediction during processing. The relationship between stress distribution and thermal stress deformation of thin-walled 316L stainless steel parts prepared by Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) was investigated using linear scanning with a laser displacement sensor and finite element simulation. The changes in stress and deformation of these thin-walled parts after milling were also examined. Firstly, 316L stainless steel box-shaped thin-walled parts were fabricated using additive manufacturing, and the profile information was measured using a Micro Laser Displacement Sensor. Then, finite element software was employed to simulate the stress and deformation of the box-shaped thin-walled part during the additive manufacturing process. The experiments mentioned were conducted to validate the finite element model. Finally, based on the simulation of the box-shaped part, a simulation prediction was made for the box-shaped thin-walled parts produced by two-stage additive and subtractive manufacturing. The results show that the deformation tendency of outward twisting and expanding occurs in the additive process to the box-shaped thin-walled part, and the deformation increases gradually with the increase of the height. Meanwhile, the milling process is significant for improving the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the additive parts. The research process and results of the thesis have laid the foundation for further research on the influence of subtractive process parameters on the surface quality of 316L stainless steel additive parts and subsequent additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing of complex parts.

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Shukalov, A. V., V. A. Dubakin, and I. O. Zharinov. "Hybrid additive-subtractive methods in robot assisted manufacturing." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1582 (July 2020): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1582/1/012092.

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Tamellini, Lorenzo, Michele Chiumenti, Christian Altenhofen, Marco Attene, Oliver Barrowclough, Marco Livesu, Federico Marini, Massimiliano Martinelli, and Vibeke Skytt. "Parametric Shape Optimization for Combined Additive–Subtractive Manufacturing." JOM 72, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03886-x.

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Newman, Stephen T., Zicheng Zhu, Vimal Dhokia, and Alborz Shokrani. "Process planning for additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies." CIRP Annals 64, no. 1 (2015): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2015.04.109.

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Zhong, Fanchao, Haisen Zhao, Haochen Li, Xin Yan, Jikai Liu, Baoquan Chen, and Lin Lu. "VASCO: Volume and Surface Co-Decomposition for Hybrid Manufacturing." ACM Transactions on Graphics 42, no. 6 (December 5, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3618324.

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Additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing (ASHM) involves the alternating use of additive and subtractive manufacturing techniques, which provides unique advantages for fabricating complex geometries with otherwise inaccessible surfaces. However, a significant challenge lies in ensuring tool accessibility during both fabrication procedures, as the object shape may change dramatically, and different parts of the shape are interdependent. In this study, we propose a computational framework to optimize the planning of additive and subtractive sequences while ensuring tool accessibility. Our goal is to minimize the switching between additive and subtractive processes to achieve efficient fabrication while maintaining product quality. We approach the problem by formulating it as a Volume-And-Surface-CO-decomposition (VASCO) problem. First, we slice volumes into slabs and build a dynamic-directed graph to encode manufacturing constraints, with each node representing a slab and direction reflecting operation order. We introduce a novel geometry property called hybrid-fabricability for a pair of additive and subtractive procedures. Then, we propose a beam-guided top-down block decomposition algorithm to solve the VASCO problem. We apply our solution to a 5-axis hybrid manufacturing platform and evaluate various 3D shapes. Finally, we assess the performance of our approach through both physical and simulated manufacturing evaluations.

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Bono, Eric. "Additive Manufacturing Makes Titanium Use More Feasible." AM&P Technical Articles 173, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2015-03.p028.

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Abstract Titanium has the highest strength-to-weight ratio of any metallic element and is corrosion-resistant. However, its cost is often a limiting factor in its use in industrial and medical applications. Additive manufacturing (AM) is changing the outlook for titanium, particularly because it can reduce much of the material waste associated with traditional subtractive manufacturing processes.

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Dhital, Dipesh, and Yvonne Ziegler. "ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - APPLICATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE AVIATION INDUSTRY." Journal of Air Transport Studies 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v6i2.59.

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Additive Manufacturing also known as 3D Printing is a process whereby a real object of virtually any shape can be created layer by layer from a Computer Aided Design (CAD) model. As opposed to the conventional Subtractive Manufacturing that uses cutting, drilling, milling, welding etc., 3D printing is a free-form fabrication process and does not require any of these processes. The 3D printed parts are lighter, require short lead times, less material and reduce environmental footprint of the manufacturing process; and is thus beneficial to the aerospace industry that pursues improvement in aircraft efficiency, fuel saving and reduction in air pollution. Additionally, 3D printing technology allows for creating geometries that would be impossible to make using moulds and the Subtractive Manufacturing of drilling/milling. 3D printing technology also has the potential to re-localize manufacturing as it allows for the production of products at the particular location, as and when required; and eliminates the need for shipping and warehousing of final products.

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CHIZHIK, Sergei A., Mikhail L. KHEIFETZ, and Nikolay L. GRETSKIY. "DESIGN OF TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT FOR ADDITIVE AND SUBTRACTIVE MANUFACTURING." Mechanics of Machines, Mechanisms and Materials 1, no. 54 (March 2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46864/1995-0470-2020-1-54-54-61.

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The analysis of design stages of technological equipment for traditional production is carried out, the features of the formation of technological equipment are studied using flows of energy and consumables. Structural synthesis of mechatronic complexes in digitalized production made it possible to add new stages to the process of creating technological equipment for both traditional automated subtractive manufacturing and new additive manufacturing. The processes of manufacturing parts without shape-generating molding tools, described by the algorithms according to the proposed structural diagram of connections, provide an opportunity to analyze existing and develop new methods of laminate synthesis of products. It is shown, how in the design of technological equipment for their use in new additive and traditional subtractive manufacturing, methods and schemes of laminate synthesis and shaping of parts from composite materials are used, based on the application of various energy flows and material components, as well as methods and schemes of automation and computer product manufacturing process management.

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Rahman, M. Azizur, Tanveer Saleh, Muhammad Pervej Jahan, Conor McGarry, Akshay Chaudhari, Rui Huang, M. Tauhiduzzaman, et al. "Review of Intelligence for Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing: Current Status and Future Prospects." Micromachines 14, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14030508.

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Additive manufacturing (AM), an enabler of Industry 4.0, recently opened limitless possibilities in various sectors covering personal, industrial, medical, aviation and even extra-terrestrial applications. Although significant research thrust is prevalent on this topic, a detailed review covering the impact, status, and prospects of artificial intelligence (AI) in the manufacturing sector has been ignored in the literature. Therefore, this review provides comprehensive information on smart mechanisms and systems emphasizing additive, subtractive and/or hybrid manufacturing processes in a collaborative, predictive, decisive, and intelligent environment. Relevant electronic databases were searched, and 248 articles were selected for qualitative synthesis. Our review suggests that significant improvements are required in connectivity, data sensing, and collection to enhance both subtractive and additive technologies, though the pervasive use of AI by machines and software helps to automate processes. An intelligent system is highly recommended in both conventional and non-conventional subtractive manufacturing (SM) methods to monitor and inspect the workpiece conditions for defect detection and to control the machining strategies in response to instantaneous output. Similarly, AM product quality can be improved through the online monitoring of melt pool and defect formation using suitable sensing devices followed by process control using machine learning (ML) algorithms. Challenges in implementing intelligent additive and subtractive manufacturing systems are also discussed in the article. The challenges comprise difficulty in self-optimizing CNC systems considering real-time material property and tool condition, defect detections by in-situ AM process monitoring, issues of overfitting and underfitting data in ML models and expensive and complicated set-ups in hybrid manufacturing processes.

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Paris, Henri, Hossein Mokhtarian, Eric Coatanéa, Matthieu Museau, and Inigo Flores Ituarte. "Comparative environmental impacts of additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies." CIRP Annals 65, no. 1 (2016): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2016.04.036.

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Jayawardane, Heshan, Ian J. Davies, J. R. Gamage, Michele John, and Wahidul K. Biswas. "Sustainability perspectives – a review of additive and subtractive manufacturing." Sustainable Manufacturing and Service Economics 2 (April 2023): 100015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smse.2023.100015.

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Wanjara, Priti, Sila Atabay, Sheida Sarafan, Javad Gholipour, Josh Soost, and Mathieu Brochu. "Overview: Additive/Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing of Heat Resisting Materials." Key Engineering Materials 964 (November 23, 2023): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-wd7djt.

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An overview of the additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing (ASHM) research on three heat resisting materials – 18Ni-300 maraging steel, 316L stainless steel, and Inconel 718 (hereinafter 18Ni-300, 316L and IN718) – is provided to bridge key knowledge gaps and establish the respective process-microstructure-property relationships. The results examine validating the final surface roughness properties in the as-built and machined conditions in terms of the linear and areal parameters. Microscopic observations are also detailed to identify the influence of dry machining intermittent passes and/or laser conditions on microstructural features, as well as the bulk density. Mechanical stability assessment involved hardness measurement and tensile testing to evaluate the mechanical response of the materials built by in-envelope ASHM.

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Abdulhameed, Osama, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, Syed Hammad Mian, Abdulmajeed Dabwan, and Hisham Alkhalefah. "Evolution of Computer-Aided Process Planning for Hybrid Additive/Subtractive Process." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (July 18, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7458239.

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The hybrid process, which integrates two or more different processes such as additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing, has gained appreciable considerations in recent years. This process exploits the benefits of individual processes while overcoming their limitations. Lately, the combination of additive, subtractive, and inspection methods is a valuable conglomeration, considering its potential to produce complicated components precisely. Certainly, computer-aided process plan (CAPP) provides a crucial link among different processes and is essential to avail the benefits of hybridization. However, a valuable process plan can only be achieved through the optimization of its different elements. Therefore, the objective of this work is the accomplishment of an optimized CAPP to fabricate parts in the shortest time employing the hybrid additive, subtractive, and inspection processes. In this work, mathematical models have been developed to optimize part orientation as well as minimize additive and subtractive times. Additionally, the genetic algorithm has been employed to obtain the best path with minimum inspection time. The feasibility and capability of the proposed approach as well as the optimized CAPP for the hybrid process have been demonstrated through a case study.

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Guerrero-Vacas, Guillermo, Oscar Rodríguez-Alabanda, Francisco de Sales Martín-Fernández, and María Jesús Martín-Sánchez. "Performance and Durability of Non-Stick Coatings Applied to Stainless Steel: Subtractive vs. Additive Manufacturing." Materials 16, no. 17 (August 26, 2023): 5851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16175851.

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This study compares subtractive manufacturing (SM) and additive manufacturing (AM) techniques in the production of stainless-steel parts with non-stick coatings. While subtractive manufacturing involves the machining of rolled products, additive manufacturing employs the FFF (fused filament fabrication) technique with metal filament and sintering. The applied non-stick coatings are commercially available and are manually sprayed with a spray gun, followed by a curing process. They are an FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene)-based coating and a sol–gel ceramic coating. Key properties such as surface roughness, water droplet sliding angle, adhesion to the substrate and wear resistance were examined using abrasive blasting techniques. In the additive manufacturing process, a higher roughness of the samples was detected. In terms of sliding angle, variations were observed in the FEP-based coatings and no variations were observed in the ceramic coatings, with a slight increase for FEP in AM. In terms of adhesion to the substrate, the ceramic coatings applied in the additive process showed a superior behavior to that of subtractive manufacturing. On the other hand, FEP coatings showed comparable results for both techniques. In the wear resistance test, ceramic coatings outperformed FEP coatings for both techniques. In summary, additive manufacturing of non-stick coatings on stainless steel showed remarkable advantages in terms of roughness, adhesion and wear resistance compared to the conventional manufacturing approach. These results are of relevance in fields such as medicine, food industry, chemical industry and marine applications.

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Müller, Marcel, and Elmar Wings. "An Architecture for Hybrid Manufacturing Combining 3D Printing and CNC Machining." International Journal of Manufacturing Engineering 2016 (October 9, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8609108.

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Additive manufacturing is one of the key technologies of the 21st century. Additive manufacturing processes are often combined with subtractive manufacturing processes to create hybrid manufacturing because it is useful for manufacturing complex parts, for example, 3D printed sensor systems. Currently, several CNC machines are required for hybrid manufacturing: one machine is required for additive manufacturing and one is required for subtractive manufacturing. Disadvantages of conventional hybrid manufacturing methods are presented. Hybrid manufacturing with one CNC machine offers many advantages. It enables manufacturing of parts with higher accuracy, less production time, and lower costs. Using the example of fused layer modeling (FLM), we present a general approach for the integration of additive manufacturing processes into a numerical control for machine tools. The resulting CNC architecture is presented and its functionality is demonstrated. Its application is beyond the scope of this paper.

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Sebbe, Naiara P. V., Filipe Fernandes, Vitor F. C. Sousa, and Francisco J. G. Silva. "Hybrid Manufacturing Processes Used in the Production of Complex Parts: A Comprehensive Review." Metals 12, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12111874.

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Additive manufacturing is defined as a process based on the superposition of layers of materials in order to obtain 3D parts; however, the process does not allow achieve the adequate and necessary surface finishing. In addition, with the development of new materials with superior properties, some of them acquire high hardness and strength, consequently decreasing their ability to be machined. To overcome this shortcoming, a new technology assembling additive and subtractive processes, was developed and implemented. In this process, the additive methods are integrated into a single machine with subtractive processes, often called hybrid manufacturing. The additive manufacturing process is used to produce the part with high efficiency and flexibility, whilst machining is then triggered to give a good surface finishing and dimensional accuracy. With this, and without the need to transport the part from one machine to another, the manufacturing time of the part is reduced, as well as the production costs, since the waste of material is minimized, with the additive–subtractive integration. This work aimed to carry out an extensive literature review regarding additive manufacturing methods, such as binder blasting, directed energy deposition, material extrusion, material jetting, powder bed fusion, sheet laminating and vat polymerization, as well as machining processes, studying the additive-subtractive integration, in order to analyze recent developments in this area, the techniques used, and the results obtained. To perform this review, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar were used as the main source of information because they are powerful search engines in science information. Specialized books have been also used, as well as several websites. The main keywords used in searching information were: “CNC machining”, “hybrid machining”, “hybrid manufacturing”, “additive manufacturing”, “high-speed machining” and “post-processing”. The conjunction of these keywords was crucial to filter the huge information currently available about additive manufacturing. The search was mainly focused on publications of the current century. The work intends to provide structured information on the research carried out about each one of the two considered processes (additive manufacturing and machining), and on how these developments can be taken into consideration in studies about hybrid machining, helping researchers to increase their knowledge in this field in a faster way. An outlook about the integration of these processes is also performed. Additionally, a SWOT analysis is also provided for additive manufacturing, machining and hybrid manufacturing processes, observing the aspects inherent to these technologies.

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Duan, Xiaoming, Ruirui Cui, Haiou Yang, and Xiaodong Yang. "Hybrid Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Method Using Pulsed Arc Plasma." Materials 16, no. 13 (June 24, 2023): 4561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134561.

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In this study, a novel hybrid additive and subtractive manufacturing method using pulsed arc plasma (PAP-HASM) was developed to better integrate additive and subtractive processes. The PAP-HASM process is based on the flexible application of pulsed arc plasma. In this PAP-HASM method, wire arc additive manufacturing using pulsed arc plasma (PAP-WAAM) and dry electrical discharge machining (EDM) milling were used as additive and subtractive techniques, respectively; both are thermal machining processes based on pulsed arc plasma, and both are dry machining techniques requiring no working fluids. The PAP-HASM can be easily realized by only changing the pulsed power supply and tool electrodes. A key technological challenge is that the recast layer on the part surface after dry EDM milling may have a detrimental effect on the component fabricated by PAP-HASM. Here, the hybrid manufacturing method developed in this study was validated with commonly used 316L stainless steel. Preliminary experimental results showed that the PAP-HASM specimens exhibited excellent tensile properties, with an ultimate tensile strength of 539 ± 8 MPa and elongation of 46 ± 4%, which were comparable to the PAP-WAAM specimens. The recast layer on the surface after dry EDM milling has no significant detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the parts fabricated by PAP-HASM. In addition, compared with components fabricated by PAP-WAAM, those fabricated by PAP-HASM showed significantly better surface roughness.

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Manogharan, Guha, Richard A. Wysk, and Ola L. A. Harrysson. "Additive manufacturing–integrated hybrid manufacturing and subtractive processes: economic model and analysis." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 29, no. 5 (November 17, 2015): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192x.2015.1067920.

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Kheifetz, Mikhail L. "Design of mechatronic engineering systems in digitalized traditional and additive manufacturing." Image Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies 6, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/jamt.2021.01.pp.018-029.

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The paper presents the analysis of the steps and stages of designing process equipment for traditional manufacturing. The features of building process equipment using energy flows and consumables are studied. Structural synthesis of mechatronic systems in digitalized manufacturing make it possible to add new stages to the process of creating process equipment for both traditional automated subtractive and new additive manufacturing. The processes of manufacturing parts without forming equipment described by the algorithms according to the proposed structural diagram of connections provide an opportunity to analyze the existing equipment and develop new equipment for laminate synthesis of products. The paper illustrates the use of methods and procedures for laminate synthesis and fabrication of parts from composite materials using process equipment based on the application of energy flows and material components for new additive and traditional subtractive manufacturing. Also, methods and diagrams for automation and computer-aided process control over product manufacturing are shown.

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Kheifetz, M. L. "Design of mechatronic technological complexes for traditional and additive manufacturing." Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 64, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2020-64-6-739-746.

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The analysis of the stages and stages of the design of technological equipment for traditional production, studied the features of the formation of technological equipment using flows of energy and consumables. Structural synthesis of mechatronic complexes in digitalized production allowed adding new stages to the process of creating technological equipment for both traditional automated subtractive and new additive manufacturing. The processes of manufacturing parts without shaping equipment described by the algorithms according to the proposed structural diagram of connections provide an opportunity to analyze existing and develop new equipment in laminate synthesis of products. It is shown, how in the design of technological equipments for their use in new additive and traditional subtractive manufacturing, methods and schemes of laminate synthesis and shaping of parts from composite materials are used, based on the use of various energy flows and material components, as well as methods and schemes of automation and computer product manufacturing process management.

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Kheifetz, M. L. "Design of mechatronic technological complexes for traditional and additive manufacturing." Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 64, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2020-64-6-739-746.

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The analysis of the stages and stages of the design of technological equipment for traditional production, studied the features of the formation of technological equipment using flows of energy and consumables. Structural synthesis of mechatronic complexes in digitalized production allowed adding new stages to the process of creating technological equipment for both traditional automated subtractive and new additive manufacturing. The processes of manufacturing parts without shaping equipment described by the algorithms according to the proposed structural diagram of connections provide an opportunity to analyze existing and develop new equipment in laminate synthesis of products. It is shown, how in the design of technological equipments for their use in new additive and traditional subtractive manufacturing, methods and schemes of laminate synthesis and shaping of parts from composite materials are used, based on the use of various energy flows and material components, as well as methods and schemes of automation and computer product manufacturing process management.

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Kumar, J. Pradeep, R. Arun Prakash, and R. Jaanaki Raman. "Wire ARC Additive Manufacturing of Functional Metals - A Review." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 6 (June 28, 2023): 572–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230671.

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The need for wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has substantially expanded in recent years, and it has emerged as a possible alternative to subtractive production. According to research, the mechanical qualities of wire arc additively manufactured materials are comparable to cast material. When compared to other fusion sources, WAAM provides considerable cost savings as well as a higher deposition rate. However, WAAM presents considerable problems, including undesired microstructures and mechanical characteristics, large residual stresses, and deformation. As a result, more study is required to address the aforementioned problems by optimizing process parameters and post-deposition heat treatment. In accordance with the foregoing, this paper attempts to fill the gap by presenting a comprehensive review of WAAM literature, which includes stage-wise development of WAAM, metals, and alloys used, effects of process parameters, and methodologies used by various researchers to improve the quality of WAAM components. Furthermore, this work suggests topics that could be explored further in the future. Keywords: Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, Subtractive production, cost saving, optimizing parameters, stage wise development.

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Cristache, Corina Marilena. "Aditive Manufacturing in Maxillofacial Prosthodontics." Applied Sciences 13, no. 17 (September 4, 2023): 9972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179972.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) or additive layer manufacturing (ALM), defined by the International Organization for Standardization and American Society of Testing and Materials (ISO/ASTM 52900) as the “process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing and formative manufacturing methodologies” [...]

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Zhao, Yanhua, Jie Sun, Jianfeng Li, Peifu Wang, Zhongcai Zheng, Jiwen Chen, and Yuqin Yan. "The stress coupling mechanism of laser additive and milling subtractive for FeCr alloy made by additive –subtractive composite manufacturing." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 769 (November 2018): 898–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.08.079.

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Berger, Uwe. "1808 A Survey on Hybrid Fabrication Processes by Integration of Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2015.8 (2015): _1808–1_—_1808–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2015.8._1808-1_.

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H Alamri, Nawaf Mohammad. "A Review on Additive Layer Manufacturing." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 11, no. 02 (March 25, 2021): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/v.11.2.8.

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Additive layer manufacturing (ALM) is a process for joining materials to build objects in successive layers under computer control using data from 3D model. It is an opposite of subtractive manufacturing in which material removal is required to reach the desired shape. ALM has better capabilities than the original 3D printing that used mainly for rapid prototyping because it makes the production more efficient if it is used in advanced applications such as creating highly customized products, producing small volume of serial components and visualizing tool in design, the future applications may concern human organs creation, clothes manufacturing and food confection. The aim of this paper is to present a review about ALM showing its application, processes and quality issues focusing on fused deposition modelling as it is the most traditional ALM process.

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Hanon, Sharba Muammel M., M. Kovács, and László Zsidai. "Tribological Behaviour Comparison of ABS Polymer Manufactured Using Turning and 3D Printing." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2019.1.7.

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Additive and subtractive manufacturing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) were employed for fabricating samples. The Additive manufacturing was represented through 3D printing, whereas subtractive manufacturing carried out by Turning. Some developments have been applied for enhancing the performance of the 3D printer. Tribological measurements of the turned and 3D printed specimens have been achieved. Studying the difference between static and dynamic friction factors and the examination of wear values were included. A comparison of the tribological behaviour of the turned and 3D printed ABS polymer has been investigated.

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Grzesik, Wit. "Hybrid manufacturing of metallic parts integrated additive and subtractive processes." Mechanik 91, no. 7 (July 9, 2018): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.7.58.

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This review paper highlights the hybrid manufacturing processes which integrate the additive and subtractive processes performing on one hybrid platform consisting of the LMD (laser metal deposition) unit and multi-axis CNC machining center. This hybrid technology is rapidly developed and has many applications in Production/Manufacturing 4.0 including the LRT (laser repair technology). In particular, some important rules and advantages as well as technological potentials of the integration of a powder metal deposition and finishing CNC milling/turning operations are discussed and overviewed. Some representative examples such as formation of difficult features around the part periphery, deposition of functional layers and coatings and repair of high-value parts in aerospace industry are provided. Moreover, the technological strategies, CAD/CAM and CAI programs and construction designs of the hybrid manufacturing platforms are explained. Some conclusions and future trends in the implementation of hybrid processes are outlined.

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Sarafan, Sheida, Priti Wanjara, Javad Gholipour, Fabrice Bernier, Mahmoud Osman, Fatih Sikan, Marjan Molavi-Zarandi, Josh Soost, and Mathieu Brochu. "Evaluation of Maraging Steel Produced Using Hybrid Additive/Subtractive Manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 4 (October 12, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5040107.

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Hybrid manufacturing is often used to describe a combination of additive and subtractive processes in the same build envelope. In this research study, hybrid manufacturing of 18Ni-300 maraging steel was investigated using a Matsuura LUMEX Avance-25 system that integrates metal additive manufacturing using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing with high-speed machining. A series of benchmarking coupons were additively printed at four different power levels (160 W, 240 W, 320 W, 380 W) and with the integration of sequential machining passes after every 10 deposited layers, as well as final finishing of selected surfaces. Using non-contact three-dimensional laser scanning, inspection of the final geometry of the 18Ni-300 maraging steel coupons against the computer-aided design (CAD) model indicated the good capability of the Matsuura LUMEX Avance-25 system for net-shape manufacturing. Linear and areal roughness measurements of the surfaces showed average Ra/Sa values of 8.02–14.64 µm for the as-printed walls versus 0.32–0.80 µm for the machined walls/faces. Using Archimedes and helium (He) gas pycnometry methods, the part density was measured to be lowest for coupons produced at 160 W (relative density of 93.3–98.5%) relative to those at high power levels of 240 W to 380 W (relative density of 99.0–99.8%). This finding agreed well with the results of the porosity size distribution determined through X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT). Evaluation of the static tensile properties indicated that the coupons manufactured at the lowest power of 160 W were ~30% lower in strength, 24% lower in stiffness, and more than 80% lower in ductility relative to higher power conditions (240 W to 380 W) due to the lower density at 160 W.

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Sarafan, Sheida, Priti Wanjara, Javad Gholipour, Fabrice Bernier, Mahmoud Osman, Fatih Sikan, Marjan Molavi-Zarandi, Josh Soost, and Mathieu Brochu. "Evaluation of Maraging Steel Produced Using Hybrid Additive/Subtractive Manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 4 (October 12, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5040107.

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Hybrid manufacturing is often used to describe a combination of additive and subtractive processes in the same build envelope. In this research study, hybrid manufacturing of 18Ni-300 maraging steel was investigated using a Matsuura LUMEX Avance-25 system that integrates metal additive manufacturing using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing with high-speed machining. A series of benchmarking coupons were additively printed at four different power levels (160 W, 240 W, 320 W, 380 W) and with the integration of sequential machining passes after every 10 deposited layers, as well as final finishing of selected surfaces. Using non-contact three-dimensional laser scanning, inspection of the final geometry of the 18Ni-300 maraging steel coupons against the computer-aided design (CAD) model indicated the good capability of the Matsuura LUMEX Avance-25 system for net-shape manufacturing. Linear and areal roughness measurements of the surfaces showed average Ra/Sa values of 8.02–14.64 µm for the as-printed walls versus 0.32–0.80 µm for the machined walls/faces. Using Archimedes and helium (He) gas pycnometry methods, the part density was measured to be lowest for coupons produced at 160 W (relative density of 93.3–98.5%) relative to those at high power levels of 240 W to 380 W (relative density of 99.0–99.8%). This finding agreed well with the results of the porosity size distribution determined through X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT). Evaluation of the static tensile properties indicated that the coupons manufactured at the lowest power of 160 W were ~30% lower in strength, 24% lower in stiffness, and more than 80% lower in ductility relative to higher power conditions (240 W to 380 W) due to the lower density at 160 W.

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Luo, Xiaoming, and Matthew C. Frank. "A layer thickness algorithm for additive/subtractive rapid pattern manufacturing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 16, no. 2 (March 9, 2010): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552541011025825.

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Li, Pengfei, Yadong Gong, Xuelong Wen, Bo Xin, Yang Liu, and Shuoshuo Qu. "Surface residual stresses in additive/subtractive manufacturing and electrochemical corrosion." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 98, no. 1-4 (June 14, 2018): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2283-4.

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GRZESIK, Wit. "HYBRID ADDITIVE AND SUBTRACTIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS: A REVIEW." Journal of Machine Engineering 18, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7629.

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This review paper highlights the hybrid manufacturing processes which integrate the additive and subtractive processes performing on one hybrid platform consisting of the LMD (laser metal deposition) unit and CNC machine tools. In particular, some important rules and advantages as well as technological potentials of the integration of different AM technique and finishing CNC machining operations are discussed and overviewed. Some representative examples such as formation of difficult features around the part periphery, deposition of functional layers and coatings and repair of high-value parts in aerospace industry are provided. Some conclusions and future trends in the implementation of hybrid processes are outlined.

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Федонин, Олег, Oleg Fedonin, Д. Соловьёв, D. Solovev, Светлана Федонина, Svetlana Fedonina, Александр Жирков, et al. "POTENTIALITIES IN ADDITIVE-SUBTRACTIVE-STRENGTHENING TECHNIQUES." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2016, no. 4 (December 28, 2016): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23204.

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The accurate shape obtaining is the most significant, but far from being the only problem which is solved at parts produc-tion. Not less important are also such properties as elasticity, plasticity, strength and durability and so on. It is well-known that high-temperature influence upon billet material which follows any of known processes of additive processing ad-versely affects the above-mentioned properties. The most significant task of additive techniques is ensuring material qua-litative structure and high operating properties in a part manufactured at multiple increase of productivity. The purpose of theoretical and practical researches carried out consists in the development of the technology in which to the processes of additive and subtractive treatment there is added a process of hardening with shock wave deformation that allows structuring, strengthening, compacting the material of a layer grown forming compressive stresses instead of tensile residual stresses of thermal origin. The growth of a part is carried out by means of arc deposition with wire materi-al. Such an approach ensures productivity by an order higher, but has such drawbacks as defects of structure, considerable porosity and low accuracy in comparison with powder additive techniques. The drawbacks mentioned are compensated by strengthening and machining in the course of product manufacturing. The research methods - a comparative analysis of the structure of iron-carbon material manufactured with the use of additive-subtractive techniques and additive-subtractive strengthening techniques. Results and conclusions. In strengthened material, in contrast to non-strengthened one there are no practically hidden cavities. The dimensions of phase elements of ferrite and pearlite in material manufactured according to the technology with strengthening decrease by more than five times. Hardness of material grown with strengthening exceeds more than twice hardness of material manufactured without strengthening.

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Yue, Wenwen, Yichuan Zhang, Zhengxin Zheng, and Youbin Lai. "Hybrid Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals: A Review." Coatings 14, no. 3 (March 6, 2024): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14030315.

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Due to the unparalleled benefits of traditional processing techniques, additive manufacturing technology has experienced rapid development and continues to expand its applications. However, as industrial standards advance, the pressing needs for high precision, high performance, and high efficiency in the manufacturing sector have emerged as critical bottlenecks hindering the technology’s progress. Single-laser additive manufacturing methods are insufficient to meet these demands. This review presents a comprehensive exploration of metal hybrid laser additive manufacturing technology, encompassing various aspects, such as multi-process hybrid laser additive manufacturing, additive–subtractive hybrid manufacturing, multi-energy hybrid additive manufacturing, and multi-material hybrid additive manufacturing. Through a thorough examination of the principles of laser additive manufacturing technology and the concept of hybrid manufacturing, this paper investigates in depth the notable advantages of hybrid laser additive manufacturing technology. It provides valuable insights and recommendations to guide the development and research of innovative machining technologies.

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Abdulhameed, Osama, Abdurahman Mushabab Al-Ahmari, Wadea Ameen, and Syed Hammad Mian. "Novel dynamic CAPP system for hybrid additive–subtractive–inspection process." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 988–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2017-0239.

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Purpose Hybrid manufacturing technologies combining individual processes can be recognized as one of the most cogent developments in recent times. As a result of integrating additive, subtractive and inspection processes within a single system, the relative benefits of each process can be exploited. This collaboration uses the strength of the individual processes, while decreasing the shortcomings and broadening the application areas. Notwithstanding its numerous advantages, the implementation of hybrid technology is typically affected by the limited process planning methods. The process planning methods proficient at effectively using manufacturing sources for hybridization are notably restrictive. Hence, this paper aims to propose a computer-aided process planning system for hybrid additive, subtractive and inspection processes. A dynamic process plan has been developed, wherein an online process control with intelligent and autonomous characteristics, as well as the feedback from the inspection, is utilized. Design/methodology/approach In this research, a computer-aided process planning system for hybrid additive, subtractive and inspection process has been proposed. A framework based on the integration of three phases has been designed and implemented. The first phase has been developed for the generation of alternative plans or different scenarios depending on machining parameters, the amount of material to be added and removed in additive and subtractive manufacturing, etc. The primary objective in this phase has been to conduct set-up planning, process selection, process sequencing, selection of machine parameters, etc. The second phase is aimed at the identification of the optimum scenario or plan. Findings To accomplish this goal, economic models for additive and subtractive manufacturing were used. The objective of the third phase was to generate a dynamic process plan depending on the inspection feedback. For this purpose, a multi-agent system has been used. The multi-agent system has been used to achieve intelligence and autonomy of different phases. Practical implications A case study has been developed to test and validate the proposed algorithm and establish the performance of the proposed system. Originality/value The major contribution of this work is the novel dynamic computer-aided process planning system for the hybrid process. This hybrid process is not limited by the shortcomings of the constituent processes in terms of tool accessibility and support volume. It has been established that the hybrid process together with an appropriate computer-aided process plan provides an effective solution to accurately fabricate a variety of complex parts.

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Neitzert, Thomas Rainer. "Accuracy of Additive Manufactured Parts." Key Engineering Materials 661 (September 2015): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.661.113.

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Additive manufacturing processes and materials are described with respect to their ability to generate finished products. The accuracy of produced parts is seen as an important criterion for this technology to compete with subtractive or constant volume technologies. From the existing literature can be concluded process variation is high and part accuracy is not better then IT grade 9. The manufacturing process itself is complex and dependent on a number of machine, material and geometry parameters. A better understanding of the heat transfer within the product build environment will assist in the future to improve the process and therefore the resulting parts’ accuracy.

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Nold, Julian, Christian Wesemann, Laura Rieg, Lara Binder, Siegbert Witkowski, Benedikt Christopher Spies, and Ralf Joachim Kohal. "Does Printing Orientation Matter? In-Vitro Fracture Strength of Temporary Fixed Dental Prostheses after a 1-Year Simulation in the Artificial Mouth." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020259.

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Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD–CAM) enable subtractive or additive fabrication of temporary fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). The present in-vitro study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of both milled and additive manufactured three-unit FDPs and bar-shaped, ISO-conform specimens. Polymethylmethacrylate was used for subtractive manufacturing and a light-curing resin for additive manufacturing. Three (bars) and four (FDPs) different printing orientations were evaluated. All bars (n = 32) were subjected to a three-point bending test after 24 h of water storage. Half of the 80 FDPs were dynamically loaded (250,000 cycles, 98 N) with simultaneous hydrothermal cycling. Non-aged (n = 40) and surviving FDPs (n = 11) were subjected to static loading until fracture. Regarding the bar-shaped specimens, the milled group showed the highest flexural strength (114 ± 10 MPa, p = 0.001), followed by the vertically printed group (97 ± 10 MPa, p < 0.007). Subtractive manufactured FDPs revealed the highest fracture strength (1060 ± 89 N) with all specimens surviving dynamic loading. During artificial aging, 29 of 32 printed specimens failed. The present findings indicate that both printing orientation and aging affect the strength of additive manufactured specimens. The used resin and settings cannot be recommended for additive manufacturing of long-term temporary three-unit FDPs.

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Nold, Julian, Christian Wesemann, Laura Rieg, Lara Binder, Siegbert Witkowski, Benedikt Christopher Spies, and Ralf Joachim Kohal. "Does Printing Orientation Matter? In-Vitro Fracture Strength of Temporary Fixed Dental Prostheses after a 1-Year Simulation in the Artificial Mouth." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020259.

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Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD–CAM) enable subtractive or additive fabrication of temporary fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). The present in-vitro study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of both milled and additive manufactured three-unit FDPs and bar-shaped, ISO-conform specimens. Polymethylmethacrylate was used for subtractive manufacturing and a light-curing resin for additive manufacturing. Three (bars) and four (FDPs) different printing orientations were evaluated. All bars (n = 32) were subjected to a three-point bending test after 24 h of water storage. Half of the 80 FDPs were dynamically loaded (250,000 cycles, 98 N) with simultaneous hydrothermal cycling. Non-aged (n = 40) and surviving FDPs (n = 11) were subjected to static loading until fracture. Regarding the bar-shaped specimens, the milled group showed the highest flexural strength (114 ± 10 MPa, p = 0.001), followed by the vertically printed group (97 ± 10 MPa, p < 0.007). Subtractive manufactured FDPs revealed the highest fracture strength (1060 ± 89 N) with all specimens surviving dynamic loading. During artificial aging, 29 of 32 printed specimens failed. The present findings indicate that both printing orientation and aging affect the strength of additive manufactured specimens. The used resin and settings cannot be recommended for additive manufacturing of long-term temporary three-unit FDPs.

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Siva Rama Krishna, L., and P. J. Srikanth. "Evaluation of environmental impact of additive and subtractive manufacturing processes for sustainable manufacturing." Materials Today: Proceedings 45 (2021): 3054–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.060.

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Su, Lihong, Peitang Wei, Xing Zhao, and Hui Wang. "Characterization and Modelling of Manufacturing–Microstructure–Property–Mechanism Relationship for Advanced and Emerging Materials." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 29, 2023): 2737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072737.

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Depending on the state of its raw materials, final products, and processes, materials manufacturing can be classified into either top-down manufacturing and bottom-up manufacturing, or subtractive manufacturing (SM) and additive manufacturing (AM) [...]

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Böß, Volker, Berend Denkena, Marc-André Dittrich, Talash Malek, and Sven Friebe. "Dexel-Based Simulation of Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5010009.

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Additive manufacturing is typically a flexible alternative to conventional manufacturing processes. However, manufacturing costs increase due to the effort required to experimentally determine optimum process parameters for customized products or small batches. Therefore, simulation models are needed in order to reduce the amount of effort necessary for experimental testing. For this purpose, a novel technological simulation method for directed energy deposition additive manufacturing is presented here. The Dexel-based simulation allows modeling of additive manufacturing of varying geometric shapes by considering multi-axis machine tool kinematics and local process conditions. The simulation approach can be combined with the simulation of subtractive processes, which enables integrated digital process chains.

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Böß, Volker, Berend Denkena, Marc-André Dittrich, Talash Malek, and Sven Friebe. "Dexel-Based Simulation of Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5010009.

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Additive manufacturing is typically a flexible alternative to conventional manufacturing processes. However, manufacturing costs increase due to the effort required to experimentally determine optimum process parameters for customized products or small batches. Therefore, simulation models are needed in order to reduce the amount of effort necessary for experimental testing. For this purpose, a novel technological simulation method for directed energy deposition additive manufacturing is presented here. The Dexel-based simulation allows modeling of additive manufacturing of varying geometric shapes by considering multi-axis machine tool kinematics and local process conditions. The simulation approach can be combined with the simulation of subtractive processes, which enables integrated digital process chains.

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Grande, Francesco, Fabio Tesini, Mario Cesare Pozzan, Edoardo Mochi Zamperoli, Massimo Carossa, and Santo Catapano. "Comparison of the Accuracy between Denture Bases Produced by Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing Methods: A Pilot Study." Prosthesis 4, no. 2 (March 28, 2022): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis4020015.

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Today, two different types of CAD-CAM fabrication methods for complete denture bases are available besides the conventional protocols: a subtractive milling process from a prepolymerized block of polymethylmethacrylate and an additive manufacturing process that built the denture base using a light-cured liquid in a VAT-polymerization process. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the accuracy and precision of denture prosthetic bases made with subtractive and additive manufacturing technologies and to compare them with a denture base with the conventional method in muffle. From the results obtained, 3D printing dentures show a statistically significant higher accuracy than milled prosthetic bases. Milled prosthetic bases have similar accuracy than conventional fabricated dentures.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing'

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