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1
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer: Report together with additional views) to accompany Treaty doc. 99-9). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.
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2
Round, Table on Current Problems in International Humanitarian Law (26th 2002 San Remo Italy). The two additional protocols to the Geneva conventions: 25 years later, challenges and prospects : 26th Round Table, San Remo, 5-7 September 2002 : proceedings. Milano: European Foundation Dragan, 2004.
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3
Cavell, Richard. Remediating McLuhan. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089649508.
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While current scholarly interest has assured Marshall McLuhan's (1911-80) foundational status as a media theorist, much room still exists for further exploration of his writings, which have taken on additional layers of significance in our contemporary digital moment. Holding that media were extensions of the human, McLuhan also posited that the human was a product of technology. Ranging across fields as diverse as art history, biotechnology, and beyond, this collection of essays considers McLuhan's ground-breaking approach within a number of new contexts and explores the distinguishing features of his media theory.
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Fisher, David. Graphene Composite Supercapacitor Electrodes. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901939.
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Graphene supercapacitors, also called ultracapacitors or electrical double-layer capacitors, have increasingly begun to rival conventional batteries. They allow to manipulate the nanoscale structure of carbon-based supercapacitors and offer the additional advantage of sequestering increasing amounts of carbon from the environment, thus helping to limit global warming. The book focuses on the choice of electrode materials, their properties and methods of fabrication. It references 494 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading.
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Gottschild, Brenda Dixon. Racing in Place. Edited by Rebekah J. Kowal, Gerald Siegmund, and Randy Martin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199928187.013.21.
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This auto-critique examines the intersection of and nexus between dance studies and race/identity studies as viewed through the author’s life in dance and based on her fifty-year career that includes actualizations as professional dancer, professor, scholar-researcher, author, mentor, presenter, and consultant. It is a reflexive turn on the politics of writing, teaching, and speaking race, with dance as the lens. In order to revisit/reassess the backlash that resulted from scrutinizing an iconic “white” dance figure through an Africanist lens, the author dissects an essay that she wrote in 2004 which, in itself, was a deconstruction of the original controversy (dating back to the “culture wars” of the 1990s). Uncovering layer upon layer, the author presents additional complexities by bringing to bear her responses to ongoing issues of systemic and cultural racism as encountered in the dance field and discussed in her recent work.
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Escudier, Marcel. Turbulent flow. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719878.003.0018.
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In this chapter the principal characteristics of a turbulent flow are outlined and the way that Reynolds’ time-averaging procedure, applied to the Navier-Stokes equations, leads to a set of equations (RANS) similar to those governing laminar flow but including additional terms which arise from correlations between fluctuating velocity components and velocity-pressure correlations. The complex nature of turbulent motion has led to an empirical methodology based upon the RANS and turbulence-transport equations in which the correlations are modelled. An important aspect of turbulent flows is the wide range of scales involved. It is also shown that treating near-wall turbulent shear flow as a Couette flow leads to the Law of the Wall and the log law. The effect of surface roughness on both the velocity distribution and surface shear stress is discussed. It is shown that the distribution of mean velocity within a turbulent boundary layer can be represented by a linear combination of the near-wall log law and an outer-layer Law of the Wake.
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Sawyer, Katina. International Perspective. Edited by Adrienne J. Colella and Eden B. King. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199363643.013.21.
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This chapter outlines the ways in which the workforce is becoming increasingly global, such that having an international perspective on diversity is ever more important. Using an intersectional framework on diversity, this chapter suggests that intersectionality, or the consideration of multiple identity statuses, might be enriched with the consideration of culture as a personal identity layer and/or as a factor that may change perceptions of identity categories across context. This chapter will then outline how national context might shape the meaning of and reactions to diverse identities, highlighting the additional effects of organizational, local, and regional contexts. Finally, this chapter provides implications for research and practice related to discrimination, in order to ensure more nuanced approaches to diversity management, for academics and practitioners alike.
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Shalley, Christina E., Robert C. Litchfield, and Lucy L. Gilson. 20 Years Later. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190222093.003.0007.
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We review major findings relating the organizational context to team creativity, using Amabile and colleagues’ (1996) framework for assessing the work environment for creativity as a guide. We find that research addressing the organizational context remains relatively concentrated in a few areas, particularly resources and work group support, and that other areas such as autonomy and certain organizational impediments have received only sparse attention. We offer researchers both a primer on the more and less studied areas of organizational context for team creativity and suggest some expansion of the work environment framework. Specifically, we suggest the addition of social networks, based on current trends in the organizational creativity literature.
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Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. The skeleton, support and movement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0003.
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Buoyancy largely supports fish, reducing the role of the skeleton, which functions as an attachment for muscle involved in movement and in protection, as exoskeleton (scales, scutes, bony plates) and as endoskeleton (vertebral column, skull). The general organization of fish skeletons and their component parts are described, as well as bone and cartilage. The interesting occurrence of acellular bone, additional to cellular bone, in teleosts is considered. Fish show metameric segmentation with myotomes on either side of the vertebral column, the latter acting as a compression strut, preventing shortening. Myotome muscle is organized into linear units named sarcomeres which contract by means of protein fibres, myosin and actin, sliding past each other. Usually fish body wall muscles occur as a thin outer layer of aerobic red muscle, with an inner thick region of anaerobic white muscle. Interspecific variability in the relative roles of myotomes and fin musculature in swimming is discussed.
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Lopez-Sanchez, Carmen, Virginio Garcia-Lopez, Gary C. Schoenwolf, and Virginio Garcia-Martinez. From epiblast to mesoderm: elaboration of a fate map for cardiovascular progenitors. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, José Luis de la Pompa, David Sedmera, Cristina Basso, and Deborah Henderson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0003.
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The origin and migration of cardiovascular progenitors have been identified using multiple cell fate mapping techniques monitoring marked epiblast cells through time at carefully defined stages of early gastrulation. These studies have revealed that ordered groups of cells from the epiblast move into the anterior region of the primitive streak, and then migrate anterior laterally to define the first heart field in the mesodermal layer. Subsequently, the right and left components of the first heart field fuse into a single straight heart at the embryonic midline. Additional cells derived from the second heart field are added to the cardiac tube and contribute to further heart development. Heterotopic and heterochronic transplantation studies have revealed that cardiac precursor cells are plastic and do not form a specific subpopulation of the cardiac mesoderm. Specification of the heart fields occurs after ingression of precardiac cells through the primitive streak.
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Rooth, Mats. Alternative Semantics. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.19.
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This chapter presents the semantics and pragmatics of prosodic focus in alternative semantics. Half a dozen examples are given of empirical phenomena that are to be covered by the theory. Then a syntax marking the locus, scope, and antecedent for focus is introduced. The syntax is interpreted semantically and pragmatically by a presupposition involving alternatives. The alternative sets that are used in the definition are computed compositionally using a recursive definition. Alternatives are also employed in the semantics of questions, and this ties in with the phenomenon of question-answer congruence, where the position of focus in an answer matches questioned positions in the question. A different semantic interpretation for focus is entailment semantics, which uses a generalized entailment condition in place of a condition involving alternatives. The semantic and pragmatic interpretation for contrastive topic uses an additional layer of alternatives. Independent of focus, alternatives are deployed in the semantics of disjunction and of negative polarity items.
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Siminoff, Laura A., and Maria D. Thomson. The ethics of communication in cancer and palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0005.
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Our knowledge and understanding of bioethics is informed by cancer communication research, particularly around the informed consent process and participation in clinical trials. This chapter provides an overview of several ethical theories used to guide bioethics, including principlism, casuistry, and virtue ethics. With these in mind, the informed consent process and the importance of quality communication is described. Despite many patients preferring a style of communication that is more participatory in nature, physicians still struggle with how much and what kind of information to share regarding clinical trials. In the context of palliative care, surrogate decision-making adds an additional layer of complexity to this process. Further, many patients still endorse the ‘therapeutic misconception’, meaning they believe experimental treatments are superior to standard treatments. The communication models of paternalism, the fully informed model, and shared decision-making are described, with the goal to provide patients with clear, unbiased information to inform decision-making.
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Lau, William K. M. Impacts of Aerosols on Climate and Weather in the Hindu-Kush-Himalayas-Gangetic Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.590.
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Situated at the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the Hindu-Kush-Himalayas-Gangetic (HKHG) region is under the clear and present danger of climate change. Flash-flood, landslide, and debris flow caused by extreme precipitation, as well as rapidly melting glaciers, threaten the water resources and livelihood of more than 1.2 billion people living in the region. Rapid industrialization and increased populations in recent decades have resulted in severe atmospheric and environmental pollution in the region. Because of its unique topography and dense population, the HKHG is not only a major source of pollution aerosol emissions, but also a major receptor of large quantities of natural dust aerosols transported from the deserts of West Asia and the Middle East during the premonsoon and early monsoon season (April–June). The dust aerosols, combined with local emissions of light-absorbing aerosols, that is, black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and mineral dust, can (a) provide additional powerful heating to the atmosphere and (b) allow more sunlight to penetrate the snow layer by darkening the snow surface. Both effects will lead to accelerated melting of snowpack and glaciers in the HKHG region, amplifying the greenhouse warming effect. In addition, these light-absorbing aerosols can interact with monsoon winds and precipitation, affecting extreme precipitation events in the HKHG, as well as weather variability and climate change over the TP and the greater Asian monsoon region.
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Arabi, Mohammad. Laser Sheath Assisted Filter Removal. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0057.
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This chapter presents a step-by-step guide to the use of laser sheath assisted filter removal. It describes the clinical applications of laser-tipped sheath in removing chronically embedded filters using controlled photothermal ablation of the endothelium surrounding the filter struts. This technique has been long used for extraction of pacemaker leads and has recently been extrapolated to filter removal because it minimizes the forces applied during difficult retrieval procedures and allows for removal of permanent filter devices. In addition to requiring less force for filter retrieval, laser sheath assisted removal helps reduce the total fluoroscopic time needed to complete the procedure. This chapter details the technical steps, potential pitfalls, and possible complications of this technique.
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Moreno-Lax, Violeta. Carrier Sanctions and ILOs: Anticipated Enforcement of Visa Requirements through ‘Imperfect Delegation’—Diverting Flows, Entrenching Unsafety. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198701002.003.0005.
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Member States started adopting carrier liability regulations from the mid-1980s, seemingly as a direct response to increasing numbers of asylum requests, with immigration liaison officer (ILO) schemes proliferating afterwards. Techniques of ‘remote control’ have now been communautarised, providing an additional layer of control. Both carriers and ILOs have privileged access to migrants bound to the EU already at the pre-entry phase. Making them responsible for the anticipated enforcement of visas has the potential to block lines of regular (and safe) access to those in need of international protection. This chapter is concerned with these developments. It analyses carrier sanctions and ILOs legislation, comparing the EU regime with its international counterparts. The review encompasses the pre- and post-Schengen periods as well as recent innovations concerning the automated treatment and transfer of advance passenger information (API) and the creation of ‘Frontex liaison officers’. The impact of carrier sanctions and ILO activities on refugee flows is scrutinized at the end, pointing at a structural incompatibility of advance border enforcement, through a model of ‘imperfect delegation’/’hidden coercion’, with basic guarantees against denial of entry.
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O’Neill, Desmond. Driving and psychiatric illness in later life. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0062.
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Access to transportation, and in particular to driving, is possibly more important in later life for the maintenance of health and well-being than at earlier stages of life. Those involved with the care of older people with psychiatric illness need to routinely inquire about driving and transportation, and to develop routines of assessment and care which appropriately balance transportation needs and public safety. The increasing research evidence base favours a functional approach with emphasis on behaviour and judgement, collateral history, a broad view of cognitive function and a low-threshold for on-road testing for those with the early stages of dementia. In addition, initiating planning for transportation for when driving is no longer possible is recommended.
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Bianconi, Ginestra. Communities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753919.003.0008.
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Multilayer networks have a mesoscale structure organized in multilayer communities, spanning different layers and often revealing important functional properties of the network. In this chapter the major techniques proposed for detecting and characterizing the multilayer communities are described, including: generalized modularity, consensus clustering, multilayer infomaps, multilink communities, tensorial decomposition, Normalized Mutual Information, theta indicators. The main benefits and limitations of these approaches are discussed and revealed by analysing the results obtained on real datasets coming from sociology, technology, molecular biology and brain networks. Additionally, techniques for layer aggregation and disaggregation are here discussed. These methods are compared and commented in order to provide a general perspective on the subject.
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Kropf, Nancy P., and Sherry M. Cummings. Future Directions in Interventions with Older Adults. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190214623.003.0014.
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In looking toward the future, additional treatment approaches need to be implemented and evaluated for the older population. This chapter critically examines two interventions that have demonstrated effectiveness with adults, but that have limited implementation and evaluation with older adults. These two approaches, mindfulness-based stress reduction and behavior activation, are presented as emerging therapies that hold promise for older adults in critical areas of later life such as depression, pain management, and decreasing social isolation. The literature on effectiveness with the non-aging population is summarized, and the existing studies with older adults are presented. In addition, modifications that are appropriate for older clients are included.
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Guido, Ravasi, and Beruto Gian Luca, eds. The two additional protocols to the Geneva conventions: 25 years later, challenges and prospects : current problems of international humanitarian law ... Milano: Dragan european fondation, 2004.
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Corran, Emily. Some Comments on Later Casuistry and ‘Jesuitical’ Equivocation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828884.003.0007.
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This chapter discusses early modern controversies about equivocation and mental reservation in the light of medieval intellectual history. Sixteenth-century polemics on equivocation are best explained in terms of the social and intellectual developments of that period, rather than anything inherent to the medieval discussion. The Reformation, the wars of religion in the sixteenth century, the persecution of religious minorities created an urgent new need for casuistry among Catholics who found themselves endangered. In addition the Second Scholasticism sought to make pastoral teaching relevant to political leaders of their period. Nevertheless, the combination of a stable framework of casuistical questions and changing content of moral theology that emerged in the later Middle Ages is crucial for understanding its subsequent history. The framework of ideas that were established during the medieval period was a crucial limiting factor to the later quarrels about justified equivocation.
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Southern African Regional Commission for the Conservation and Utilisation of the Soil. Standing Committee for Education and Extension., ed. Extension strategies for the SARCCUS Region: Emanating from the 1983 EDEX workshop with subsequent additions and amendments during later years. [Pretoria]: SARCCUS, 1990.
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Moseley, Harry. Lasers. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0021.
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The rapid increase in the use of lasers in healthcare has introduced new challenges. The hazards depend on the characteristics of the laser and the different modes of interaction with tissue. If the laser beam were to strike the unprotected eye, serious damage could occur, the site of damage depending on the wavelength of the laser radiation. The risk is reduced in the case of extended sources but, potentially, may be increased when a repetitively pulsed laser is used. These concepts are all discussed in addition to summarizing current legislation and standards. The laser protection adviser (LPA) is someone who is knowledgeable in the evaluation of risk associated with the use of lasers and has responsibility for provision of expert advice to the user. This chapter contains much useful information for the LPA and others interested in understanding the principles of laser safety.
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van den Hoff, Maurice J. B., and Antoon F. M. Moorman. From heart-forming region to ballooning chambers. Edited by Miguel Torres. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0006.
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This chapter describes the formation of the adult four-chambered heart from the precardiac mesodermal cells. The precardiac mesoderm develops into a linear heart tube by the process of folding. The subsequent increase in size of the heart by the addition of precursor cells derived from the first and second heart fields is discussed. For the sake of clarity, the chapter describes the addition of precursor cells to the inflow and outflow, separately. Next, the formation of the ventricular chambers with respect to ballooning and differentiation into a compact and trabecular layer is discussed. Finally, the formation of the septa in the heart tube is described, creating the adult four-chambered heart.
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Gum, Amber M. Promoting Hope in Older Adults. Edited by Matthew W. Gallagher and Shane J. Lopez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399314.013.13.
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As evidenced by 15 years of research, hopeful older adults reject negative stereotypes of aging; envision themselves as aging successfully; plan for later life; cope with stressors; apply wisdom; and perceive good physical, mental, and social well-being. Hopeful older adults even live longer than less hopeful older adults. Preliminary research indicates that older adults participating in individual- and small-group interventions can learn and apply strategies to improve hope, goal pursuits, and distress. The larger social and physical environments create barriers to pursuing goals in later life, including ageism and physical barriers. Thus broader social and environmental interventions may provide additional pathways to foster older adults’ hope and goal pursuits, as well as to help younger generations develop more positive views of aging and prepare for successful aging.
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St John, Taylor. Conversion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789918.003.0008.
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This chapter analyzes the purposes that American officials ascribe to investor–state arbitration in their investment treaties, using internal documents from all pre-NAFTA American investment treaty negotiations. Officials drafting the initial US model treaty in the late 1970s saw ISDS as a narrow tool to protect investment, but a decade later, it was reimagined as a way to lock in domestic liberalization reforms in former Soviet or Latin American states. Similarly, the American investment treaty program was not intended to facilitate outward investments, but rhetoric has changed: in the early 1990s, additional investment was implied to treaty partners, before and after these years officials noted that treaties and ISDS do not necessarily lead to additional investment. Finally, while access to arbitration became a pillar of American policy, at first investor access to ICSID caused the State Department frustration and endangered US strategic interests.
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Saxby, Troy R. Pauli Murray. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654928.001.0001.
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The Rev. Dr. Anna Pauline "Pauli" Murray (1910–1985) was a trailblazing social activist, writer, lawyer, civil rights organizer, and campaigner for gender rights. In the 1930s and 1940s, she was active in radical left-wing political groups and helped innovate nonviolent protest strategies against segregation that would become iconic in later decades, and in the 1960s, she cofounded the National Organization for Women (NOW). In addition, Murray became the first African American to receive a Yale law doctorate and the first black woman to be ordained an Episcopal priest. Yet, behind her great public successes, Murray battled many personal demons, including bouts of poor physical and mental health, conflicts over her gender and sexual identities, family traumas, and financial difficulties. In this intimate biography, Troy Saxby provides the most comprehensive account of Murray’s inner life to date, revealing her struggles in poignant detail and deepening our understanding and admiration of her numerous achievements in the face of pronounced racism, homophobia, transphobia, and political persecution. Saxby interweaves the personal and the political, showing how the two are always entwined, to tell the life story of one of twentieth-century America’s most fascinating and inspirational figures.
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Ezell, Margaret J. M. Theatrical Entertainments Outside the London Commercial Playhouses: Smock Alley, Strollers, School Plays, and Private Performances. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198183112.003.0016.
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In addition to London commercial theatres, audiences enjoyed dramatic performances performed by strolling companies at local fairs, provincial inns, and in private performance. Dublin’s theatre at Smock Alley offered recent and classical plays. In England, both boys’ and girls’ schools included original performances as part of their curriculum, including interludes and operas that were later done on the professional stage.
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Hughes, Aaron W. Origins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190684464.003.0003.
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The present chapter seeks to show just how little is known about Jews and Judaism at the time of Muhammad. Whereas many want to argue that a stable Judaism acted as a “midwife” to the birth of Islam in the seventh century, this chapter argues that there is very little material evidence to support with any degree of certainty just what kind of Jews Muhammad interacted with (if he, in fact did). In addition to this dearth of material evidence, the Islamic sources describing these Jews are later, often much later, than the period upon which they purport to describe. The claim that the Jews gave birth to Islam, then, are both ludicrous and self-serving. The chapter suggests that the later Muslim sources transformed the Jews that Muhammad was believed to have had contact with into what they considered to be normative Jews.
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Bilow, Marcel, Tillmann Klein, and Ulrich Knaack. FAÇADES. 010 publishers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/bookrxiv.12.
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Façade technology of the 20th century is related to the dissolution of the massive wall into a separation of structure and façade. Looking at the development of façade technology, after 60 years of curtain wall systems, 30 years of element-façade systems and ten years of experience with the integration of environmental services in double façades, it can be concluded that the peak of optimisation has been reached. No further technical developments can be expected by continuing to apply extra layers for each additional technical function. Understanding façades - or better envelopes - as part of an integral building, we have to see that creating the future envelope has to be done on a ’network’ basis: employing systems - but also methods of thinking - which provide the possibility to develop different aspects simultaneously and combine them as required. The envelope has to be seen as a functional part of the entire building, serving a part of the demand by providing the necessary technologies and qualities. In this regard, we have to withdraw from material and structure-orientated thinking and construction – we have to develop the envelope as a hybrid system: materials, technologies and production processes have to be integrated into the summation and combined into an all-encompassing result. Façades comprise various themes covering strategic, material and technological developments. Aspects such as function integration, networking of elements, new structures and materials as well as the addition of functions to existing structures will be investigated and explained in 85 or so concrete ideas.
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Kozelsky, Mara. The Feeding Ground. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644710.003.0006.
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In 1848, fewer than 650,000 people lived in Crimea and the larger province of Tauride. Seven years later, with the onset of war, the population of the peninsula swelled with an additional 300,000 soldiers and 100,000 horses. When the military supply chain collapsed in the fall of 1854, the military turned to Crimea and the surrounding region. Starving soldiers even ate work horses and oxen, further impeding delivery of new supplies from the interior. The result was an immediate subsistence crisis, which lasted through the conclusion of the war and well after demobilization. This chapter details debates over how the military secured food and other resources, whether through requisitioning and market channels. It analyzes the collapse of the provisioning system, and failed efforts at reform.
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Tool, Andrus. Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911). Edited by Jenny Helin, Tor Hernes, Daniel Hjorth, and Robin Holt. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669356.013.0009.
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Wilhelm Dilthey initially studied theology in Germany but later shifted to philosophy and history. He tackled the specific nature of human sciences in relation to natural sciences and initiated a debate on the connection between understanding and explanation in scientific knowledge. In addition to his own school, he exerted influence on fellow philosophers Martin Heidegger, Helmuth Plessner, and Hans-Georg Gadamer. This chapter explores the formation of Dilthey’s philosophical views, including the principle of phenomenality, the theory of human sciences, and the role of inner experience as the main source of cognition in human sciences. It also discusses his later work and his arguments concerning empirical factuality, congealed objectivity, and processual reality. Finally, the chapter examines how ideas similar to those of Dilthey have influenced organizational culture and dynamics.
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S, Kevin Andrews, and Josephine M. S. Mobile Computing. Jupiter Publications Consortium, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47715/jpc.b.59.2021.9788194706922.
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Rapid advancements in wireless digital networking technologies have enabled the emergence of capabilities that software systems are just now starting to utilize. Wireless computing is becoming more affordable for both enterprise customers and private customers as the expense of contact and handheld computing devices (laptop computers, hand-held phones, etc.) continues to decline. Mobile computing is not a condensed and well-studied subset of the proven and wellstudied area of distributed computing. Because of the nature of wireless communication media and the versatility of devices, radically new challenges in networking, operating systems, and information systems have been created. Additionally, many of the mobile computing applications envisaged impose novel demands on software systems. While mobile computing is still in its infancy, several fundamental principles and some seminal experimental systems have been established. Mobile Computing includes chapters that explain certain principles and frameworks, as well as software that are being implemented and evaluated at the moment. Mobile Computing is an excellent reference book and can also serve as a text for a mobile computing course. This book has been developed as per the Course syllabus of Dr. M. G. R Educational And Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. This syallbus is on par with the other Universities and Deemed to be Univsersites in India. Keywords: Mobile computing, Wireless Transmission, Radio Transmission, Media Access Control, Wireless LAN, Mobile Network Layer and Transport Layer
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S, Kevin Andrews, and Josephine M. S. Mobile Computing. Jupiter Publications Consortium, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47715/jpc.b.59.2021.9788194706922.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid advancements in wireless digital networking technologies have enabled the emergence of capabilities that software systems are just now starting to utilize. Wireless computing is becoming more affordable for both enterprise customers and private customers as the expense of contact and handheld computing devices (laptop computers, hand-held phones, etc.) continues to decline. Mobile computing is not a condensed and well-studied subset of the proven and wellstudied area of distributed computing. Because of the nature of wireless communication media and the versatility of devices, radically new challenges in networking, operating systems, and information systems have been created. Additionally, many of the mobile computing applications envisaged impose novel demands on software systems. While mobile computing is still in its infancy, several fundamental principles and some seminal experimental systems have been established. Mobile Computing includes chapters that explain certain principles and frameworks, as well as software that are being implemented and evaluated at the moment. Mobile Computing is an excellent reference book and can also serve as a text for a mobile computing course. This book has been developed as per the Course syllabus of Dr. M. G. R Educational And Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. This syallbus is on par with the other Universities and Deemed to be Univsersites in India. Keywords: Mobile computing, Wireless Transmission, Radio Transmission, Media Access Control, Wireless LAN, Mobile Network Layer and Transport Layer
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Hickmann, Maya, and Dominique Bassano. Modality and Mood in First Language Acquisition. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.20.
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This chapter aims to provide a large overview of research focusing on the development of modality and mood during first language acquisition. This overview synthesizes results concerning both early and later phases of development, within and across a large number of languages, and including some more peripheral categories, such as evidentials and tense–aspect markings. Results recurrently show the earlier acquisition of agent-oriented modality as compared to epistemic modality. However, cross-linguistic variation has raised some questions about this acquisition sequence, suggesting that language-specific properties may partially impact timing during acquisition. In addition, findings about later phases show a long developmental process whereby children gradually come to master complex semantic and pragmatic modal distinctions. The discussion highlights the contribution of these conclusions to current theoretical debates, such as the role of input factors and the relation between language and cognition during ontogenesis.
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Zimmerman, EC. Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) I. CSIRO Publishing, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643104907.
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In Volume I, the primitive weevil families Anthribidae, Belidae, Nemonychidae, Caridae, Rhynchitidae and Attelabidae are treated. One hundred and two genera and 400 species are catalogued. The species are illustrated by about 1035 individual drawings and black and white photographs, in addition to 650 colour photographs relating to primitive weevil families in Volumes V and VI.
Volume I includes a chapter on Nemonychidae by G Kuschel and also an important Postscript detailing some crucial taxonomic changes in several weevil subfamilies that are only dealt with in detail in the later volumes.
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Deahl, Lora, and Brenda Wristen. Technique and the Small-Handed Pianist. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190616847.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 explores the three main areas of technical challenge for small-handed pianists: fatigue, power, and reach. Building on the examination of fundamental principles of movement in Chapter 2, this chapter equips readers with the analytical tools to critically evaluate the adaptive strategies discussed later in the book, tools which pianists may then use to develop additional approaches tailored to their own needs. Common maladaptive tendencies are discussed. A lexicon of facilitative techniques follows, delineating important strategies such as timing muscular release, choosing appropriate levers, cultivating alignment, combining basic movements into larger gestures, reducing the amplitude of movements and gestures, maximizing key speed, transmitting force through skeletal structures, using arm impulses, using the arm to navigate distances, using passive spread, and using vertical spans. The chapter concludes with a discussion of boundaries that should be respected.
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William H, Boothby. 19 Compliance with International Weapons Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198728504.003.0019.
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This chapter discusses the mechanisms that are designed to ensure compliance by States with their weapons law obligations. Treaties may include specific provisions in relation to compliance. Early treaties did not address the issue but some later weapons law treaties do. Compliance is also assisted by the provision of legal advice to commanders, by relevant provision in domestic legislation, and most importantly by the legal obligation that all States undertake a legal review of all new weapons. The article 36, Additional Protocol 1 provision is discussed, and from a practical perspective the things that must be reviewed are explained, the criteria against which the judgement should be made are set forth, the required data to support such a review are listed, and possible procedures associated with such reviews are addressed. ICRC Guidance on the conduct of such reviews is referred to, and critiqued.
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Steinberg, Ellen F., and Jack H. Prost. How to Cook … University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036200.003.0006.
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This chapter describes efforts to accommodate the needs of the thousands of Eastern European Jews who descended in Chicago. Jews already living in the city rallied together and started the Maxwell Street Settlement House. They instituted social clubs, savings clubs, drama clubs, and book clubs. They ran soup kitchens and conducted cooking classes. Chicago public schools also incorporated domestic science classes into their regular curriculum. One effort to adapt curriculum to the needs of observant Jewish children in Chicago in 1904 included purchasing separate sets of crockery, one for milchig (milk) and one for fleischig (meat) dishes, as well as additional kitchen utensils, and procuring kosher meat for use in public school cooking classes. A few years later, public school students produced cookbooks featuring ethnic dishes, including what was called “Jewish” food, under the direction of their home economics teachers.
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Korpiola, Mia. Customary Law and the Influence of the Ius Commune in High and Late Medieval East Central Europe. Edited by Heikki Pihlajamäki, Markus D. Dubber, and Mark Godfrey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198785521.013.50.
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Secular law remained largely customary and uncodified in east central Europe. While much of south-eastern Europe had remained Christian ever since Roman times, most of east central Europe was Christianized during the high Middle Ages. The Baltic region came later, Lithuania only being converted after 1387. South-eastern Europe was influenced first by Byzantine and then Italian law. In much of east central Europe secular law was based on Slavic customs, later influenced by canon law and German law. The Sachsenspiegel, Schwabenspiegel, and German town law spread to the whole region alongside the German colonization of east central Europe. Towns functioned as conduits of German and learned law. Certain territorial rulers actively promoted Roman law and (partial) codification, while the local nobility preferred uncodified customary law. In addition to foreign university studies, the fourteenth-century universities of Prague and Krakow, cathedral chapters, and notaries helped disseminate the ius commune into the region.
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Shea, C. Michael. Promise and Peril in Rome, Part Three. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802563.003.0006.
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This chapter builds on the conceptual analyses in previous sections and examines Newman’s written and oral strategies for defending his Essay on Development and writings on faith in reason while he was in Rome as a seminary student in 1846 and 1847. The chapter focuses on the composition, which has later become known as the “Theses de fide” as well as on his proposed introduction to the French edition of the Oxford University Sermons, and Newman’s reliance on Perrone’s writings in these drafts. The chapter additionally explores the Jesuit theologian Giacomo Mazio’s public and private maneuvers in introducing Newman to important authorities and advocating for his theory of doctrinal development.
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Vincent, Angela. Neuroimmunology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199658602.003.0015.
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This chapter relates to antibody-mediated disorders throughout the nervous system. Early papers recall how use of bungarotoxin, passive transfer experiments in mice, and clinical response to plasma exchange confirmed the role of acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis. Cutting edge techniques subsequently discovered other key neuromuscular junctional proteins, including muscle-specific kinase an additional target for antibodies. Later papers report the link between brain inflammation and severe amnesia, paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic, and the identification of the first pathogenic antibodies to a central nervous system (CNS) receptor in Rasmussen’s syndrome. The first report of “Morvan’s syndrome” is followed by a single patient with antibodies immunoprecipitating potassium channels who improved remarkably with plasma exchange. Lastly, the patients in the 1920’s encephalitis lethargica epidemic described in detail by von Economo, exhibited many of the features now recognised as caused by antibodies to various CNS receptors and associated membrane proteins.
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Clarke, Katherine. Walking through History. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744771.003.0002.
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This chapter explores the idea that myths are a key element in the creation of landscape, whereby mere space is transformed into resonant place through the matrix of time. In spite of the local nature and uses of many mythical narratives, it is argued here that mobility is central to understanding the power and value of the mythical past. Not only do the travels of itinerant heroes link together mythical venues, but later travels, such as those of characters in Herodotus’ Histories or of authors themselves, illustrated by Pausanias, activate the resonances of the landscape and give it a temporal dimension by triggering mythical narratives associated with the places passed through. These narratives in turn evoke additional journeys which contribute to the creation of a spatial network that binds together the Mediterranean world. Thus, myth offers a medium through which past and present are linked across space.
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McDonald, Peter D. Beyond Translation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725152.003.0008.
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Seen in the context of the hopes the ICIC and then UNESCO invested in translation as a way of securing world peace, this chapter traces the career of the leading Afrikaans writer Antjie Krog from her debut as a young avant- garde poet writing exclusively in Afrikaans to her later work as a prose writer who chose creative non-fiction and English as additional literary media. The chapter shows how Krog, like Joyce before her, betrayed the ‘genius’ of her ‘mother tongue’ from within but not the language itself, and how she then developed, again like Joyce, a conception of translation as a radical process of mutual transformation between languages and cultures. After considering some of her early work, the chapter focuses on Lady Anne (1989), A Change of Tongue (2003), and There was this Goat (2009), a collaborative project Krog co-authored with Nosisi Mpolweni and Kopano Ratele.
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Sennet, Adam. Polysemy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935314.013.32.
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Polysemy is an interesting phenomenon that concerns cases in which a word or phrase enjoys multiple, related meanings. This article distinguishes polysemy from similar phenomena and presents some tests for determining the presence of polysemy. In addition, polysemy is differentiated from other phenomena that involve potential multiplicity of meaning. Later in the article, a few potential cases of polysemy are explored. The final two sections deal with the (so-called) polysemy paradox and consider ways in which types of polysemy can be characterized and categorized. Concepts are outlined with the use of several examples, allowing polysemes and ambiguities to be examined in context.
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Moran, Richard. Williams, History, and the “Impurity of Philosophy”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190633776.003.0011.
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In addition to his contributions to the history of philosophy, Bernard Williams’s later work is concerned with more explicit reflection on the role of history in the constitution of the discipline of philosophy, the fact that, unlike the case of the natural sciences, the great figures of philosophy are part of the contemporary discussion in philosophy. In addition these reflections became increasingly concerned with what is distinctive about history as a form of knowledge, a form of knowledge which does not attract the attention of analytic philosophers. Historical knowledge is at once empirical and evidence-based but also, insofar as it concerns human affairs and institutions, obliged to make sense of and reconstruct the perspective of the practices and participants themselves. Part of the importance of historical understanding for Williams lies in its position as a model for humanistic knowledge that is non-reductionist while also being non-ideal, empirical, and “impure.”
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Society, British Cartographic, and Survey and Mapping Alliance, eds. Qualifications: Survey and mapping qualifications for the 1990s : a one day conference, held at theRoyal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, Parliament Square, London SW1, 1st March 1991 (together with later additions from subsequent meetings). London: British Cartographic Society, 1992.
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Garside, Peter. ‘Ordering’ Novels. Edited by Alan Downie. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566747.013.027.
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This essay considers the way in which various types of fiction were projected at their original readers, primarily through the title pages, but also through reviews and circulating-library catalogues. Increasing use was made of ‘Novel’, ‘Romance’, and ‘Tale’ as main descriptors, with Novel gradually gaining prominence in the later eighteenth century, Romance enjoying a moment of popularity round the turn of the century, and Tale or Tales achieving ascendancy by the 1820s. Additional components in titles, such as the Sentimental, Gothic, and Historical, helped communicate different subgeneric types of fiction. Eventually, a three-tiered system stretched from ‘common’ circulating fiction to novels of reputation, the latter signalled by the use of the larger octavo format and through the development of distinct author identities (even when published anonymously). The Magnum Opus collected edition of Scott’s novels made him a classic in his time, finally establishing the novel as a fully established genre.
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William H, Boothby. 13 Nuclear Weapons. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198728504.003.0013.
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This chapter analyses how the law of armed conflict applies to the possession and use of nuclear weapons, noting that no law of armed conflict treaty has been adopted which either prohibits or restricts the development, stockpiling, transfer, possession, or use of such weapons, or threats to use nuclear weapons. Equally, there is no law of armed conflict treaty in existence that contains any other kind of provision with particular reference to such weapons. The chapter points out that certain states ratified Additional Protocol 1 on the explicit basis that the new rules introduced by the treaty have no application to nuclear weapons. In a later section the chapter considers the 1996 International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion of 8 July 1996, noting the criticism that has been made of the non liquet terms in which the judgment was expressed. In a short concluding section, the prospects for nuclear disarmament are briefly assessed.
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LeClair, Reneé. Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students. Virginia Tech Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/cellbio.
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This book is an undergraduate medical-level resource for foundational knowledge across the disciplines of genetics, cell biology and biochemistry. This text is designed for a course in first year undergraduate medical course that is delivered typically before students start to explore systems physiology and pathophysiology. The text is meant to provide the essential information from these content areas in a concise format that would allow learner preparation to engage in an active classroom. Clinical correlates and additional application of content is intended to be provided in the classroom experience. The text assumes that the students will have completed medical school prerequisites (including the MCAT) in which they will have been introduced to the most fundamental concepts of biology and chemistry that are essential to understand the content presented here. This resource should be assistive to the learner later in medical school and for exam preparation given the material is presented in a succinct manner, with a focus on high-yield concepts.
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Cahill, Thomas J., and Paul R. Riley. Epicardial and coronary vascular development. Edited by Miguel Torres. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0009.
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The coronary circulation is essential for human life. In embryonic development, abnormal formation of the coronary vasculature can cause death in utero or after birth. In adulthood, atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries is the commonest cause of death worldwide. The last decade has witnessed significant strides forward in our understanding of coronary development. Multiple sources of coronary endothelial cells have been identified using genetic tools for fate mapping. The epicardium, the outermost layer of the developing heart, has emerged as both a source of cell progenitors and key signalling mediators. Knowledge of the specific genes underlying formation, function, and heterogeneity of the epicardium is expanding. Significant challenges remain, however, in understanding the spatiotemporal signalling patterns required for organized migration, differentiation, and patterning of the vasculature. In addition, dissecting how coronary development is perturbed in patients with congenital coronary anomalies is a major ongoing focus of research.