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1
Belmahi, Samir, Mohammed Zidour, and Tayeb Bensatllah. "Mechanical behavior of mortars composed of a mixture of cement and lime stone filler." Lebanese Science Journal 19, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22453/lsj-019.1.095-104.
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This work consists in studying the mechanical behavior of mortars composed of a mixture of cement and fire-clay. The limestone filler is used as an additive in this mixture. The main idea wasto compare this mortar with an ordinary mortar,made with a normal sand, thus,to know the limit of their use in construction.The results showed and confirmed that fire-clay mortar, cannot give better resistances than a normal sand mortar. The second idea wasto introduce the limestone filler manufactured by ENG Tlemcen (Algeria) as an addition. Theproposed percentages varied from 5% to 30% of the cement mass. The resultsobtained showed that the substitution of a part of cement by the limestone filler helps to improve the mechanicals resistances of mortars and that the best fraction of limestone filler wasfixed at 10%.
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HAOUAT, Abdellah, and Omar AZZOUZ. "Substitution de Ciment pour Béton par des Pourcentages de Poudre de Marbre." International Journal of Financial Accountability, Economics, Management, and Auditing (IJFAEMA) 3, no. 4 (August 12, 2021): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52502/ijfaema.v3i4.122.
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Le but de cette étude est la valorisation des résidus minéraux en tant que substitution partielle du ciment qui entre dans la fabrication du béton. Il s'inscrit dans une démarche de développement durable. Il regroupe les résultats obtenus expérimentalement. L'utilisation des poudres de marbre en remplacement partiel du ciment Portland dans le béton permet de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et génère un béton ayant un impact moindre sur l'environnement. En mettant à profit diverses techniques expérimentales, une attention particulière est accordée au comportement de la poudre de marbre finement broyée associée au ciment Portland avec addition de calcaire. Cette étude a confirmé l’amélioration des propriétés physiques des bétons avec l’ajout de poudre de marbre, ce qui laisse augurer de bonnes perspectives pour son utilisation comme substituant de ciment.
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Bu, X. L., J. Su, J. H. Xue, Y. B. Wu, C. X. Zhao, and L. M. Wang. "Effect of rice husk biochar addition on nutrient leaching and microbial properties of Calcaric Cambisols." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 74, no. 2 (2019): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.74.2.172.
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López-Martínez, N., A. Olmo, and J. Torrent. "Dissolved reactive phosphorus in a Calcaric Fluvisol as affected by the addition of agricultural wastes." Soil Use and Management 20, no. 1 (January 18, 2006): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00339.x.
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López-Martínez, N., A. del Olmo, and J. Torrent. "Dissolved reactive phosphorus in a Calcaric Fluvisol as affected by the addition of agricultural wastes." Soil Use and Management 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/sum2003225.
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Ingerpuu, Nele, Loore Ehrlich, Mare Leis, Tiiu Kupper, Leiti Kannukene, and Kai Vellak. "Additions and changes to the species list of Estonian bryophytes." Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 59 (July 7, 2022): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2022.59.05.
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Since the last additions (Vellak et al., 2021), four new species should be added to the list. Two of these (Calypogeia fissa and Timmia austriaca) are new finds, two (Hedwigia emodica and Syntrichia ruraliformis) were earlier known as varieties in Estonia. One species (Seligeria patula) should be excluded from the list since the voucher specimen was re-identified as S. calcarea and no other specimens were found among all collected specimens of genus Seligeria in Estonian herbaria and during inventories of genus Seligeria at all known localities in Estonia in 2020-2021. The number of species in Estonian bryoflora is now 615. The distribution and threats on the new species in Estonia are not known yet and need further inventories, thus all are evaluated here as data deficient (DD). Estonian names for all new species are presented in parenthesis and the distribution and ecology is briefly discussed.
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Yu, Yao, Dong-Yi Lan, Li-Ying Tang, Ting Su, Biao Li, Nan Jiang, Rong-Bin Liang, Qian-Min Ge, Qiu-Yu Li, and Yi Shao. "Intrinsic functional connectivity alterations of the primary visual cortex in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a seed-based resting-state fMRI study." Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism 11 (January 2020): 204201882096029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042018820960296.
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Purpose: In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in the intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of the primary visual cortex (V1), based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), between patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: In total, 26 patients (12 males, 14 females) with PDR and 26 HCs (12 males, 14 females), matched for sex, age, and education status, were enrolled in the study. All individuals underwent rs-fMRI scans. We acquired iFC maps and compared the differences between PDR patients and the HCs. Results: The PDR group had significantly increased FC between the left V1 and the right middle frontal gyrus (RMFG), and significantly reduced FC between the left V1 and the cuneus/calcarine/precuneus. In addition, the PDR patients had significantly increased FC between the right V1 and the right superior frontal gyrus (RSFG), and significantly reduced FC between the right V1 and the cuneus/calcarine/precuneus. The individual areas under the curve (AUCs) of FC values for the left V1 were as follows: RMFG (0.871, p < 0.001) and the cuneus/calcarine/precuneus (0.914, p < 0.001), while the AUCs of FC values for the right V1 were as follows: RSFG (0.895, p < 0.001) and the cuneus/calcarine/precuneus (0.918, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results demonstrated that, in PDR patients, altered iFC in distinct brain regions, including regions related to visual information processing and cognition. Considering the rise in the diabetes mellitus incidence rate and the consequences of PDR, the results could provide promising clues for exploring the neural mechanisms related to PDR and possible approaches for the early identification of PDR.
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Reis, Ana Carolina Botelho dos, and Júlia Ronzella Ottoni. "Antifungal activity of homeopathic medicines against the white mold causing agent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 43 (October 25, 2021): e56548. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v43i1.56548.
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White mold disease, caused by fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary., is a disease hard to control due to the high amount of sclerotia produced, which guarantees its survival in the soil for years leading to significant yield losses. Alternative techniques to control the pathogen have been researched, including homeopathy. The present work aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal effect of homeopathic medicines on S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth. Homeopathic medicines Sulphur, fungal sclerotium Nosode and Calcarea carbonica, in 30CH, 200CH and 1000CH dynamizations were tested. Assays were carried out in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions. Experiments were performed through the addition of homeopathic medicines on the surface of plates containing culture medium, followed by insertion of a disc containing fungus mycelia and incubation. Control treatment received no homeopathic medicine. The mycelial progression was monitored by seven halo diameter measurements during experiment period. All homeopathic medicines tested and their dynamizations were able to inhibit partially the development of the fungus. Calcarea carbonica at the dynamization of 1000 CH showed the best inhibitory effect on S. sclerotiorum, which under its effect produced a mycelial halo 40% smaller than the control treatment.
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Glass, Phillip J., and William L. Gannon. "Description of M. uropataginalis (a new muscle), with additional comments from a microscopy study of the uropatagium of the fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 1752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-236.
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We describe a bundle of skeletal muscle extending between the last caudal vertebrae and the calcar in the distal uropatagium of the fringed myotis, Myotis thysanodes, and we name this muscle M. uropataginalis. This discovery may elucidate the function of the fringe hairs of M. thysanodes and other bats with hairs projecting distally and ventrally along the trailing edge of the uropatagium.
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Saul, Dominik, Tobias Himmelmann, and Klaus Dresing. "Humeral Tip-apex-distance as a Prognostic Marker for Proximal Humeral Fractures in 203 Patients." Open Orthopaedics Journal 11, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001711010297.
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Background:Humeral head fractures and their postoperative outcome remain a challenging problem in surgical daily routine. Predictive factors for loss of fixation are rare.Objective:Determination of predictive factors for the failure of osteosynthesis with the loss of fixation or migration of screws in humeral head fractures.Method:From 1995 to 2011, 408 patients with proximal humeral fractures [mean age 66.6 years, 50.9-82.3 years] and osteosynthesis were analyzed. Two hundred and three received open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with the PHILOS®plate. The non-locking plate was used in 80, the locking plate in 16 and humeral head prosthesis in 26 patients, in addition to 23 patients undergoing other procedures. Intraoperative reduction that achieved an anatomical alignment of the medial aspect of the humerus (humeral calcar) was assessed in 94 patients by postoperative X-ray analysis. The loss of fixation was evaluated by a follow-up of three to five X-rays and measurement of the humeral tip-apex-distance (HTAD).Results:For stable fixed fractures with an intact calcar, percentual HTAD was significantly higher than for unstable fixed fractures (p=0.04). Morbidity, such as hypertension, orthopedic operations or diabetes, strongly influenced the HTAD, while postoperative passive motion treatment modestly affected the HTAD over time.Conclusion:The anatomic reconstruction of the calcar, leading to stable fixation of humeral head fractures, can significantly prevent an overproportioned decrease in the HTAD in postoperative X-rays and seems to be vital in multimorbid patients. Measurement of the HTAD over time delivers a tool for early detection of secondary loss of fixation.
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ALVIZU, ADRIANA, JOANA R. XAVIER, and HANS TORE RAPP. "Description of new chiactine-bearing sponges provides insights into the higher classification of Calcaronea (Porifera: Calcarea)." Zootaxa 4615, no. 2 (June 13, 2019): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.2.1.
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A recent phylogenetic study revealed a close relationship between chiactine-bearing (family Achramorphidae, order Leucosolenida) and pugiole-bearing (order Baerida) calcaronean sponges as well as new putative taxa within Achramorphidae. In this study, we present a revision of chiactine-bearing sponges based on morphological re-examination of type material and recently collected specimens, in addition to new molecular data for the ribosomal 18S and C-region of the 28S. We provide re-descriptions for all known chiactine-bearing species, and further describe two new species from the Antarctic (Achramorpha antarctica sp. nov. and Megapogon schiaparellii sp. nov.) and two new species and a new genus from the Nordic Seas (Achramorpha ingolfi sp. nov. and Sarsinella karasikensis gen. nov. sp. nov.). The new phylogenetic reconstruction based on ribosomal 18S and C-region of the 28S confirms previous findings about the close relationship of some members of Baerida and the family Achramorphidae of the order Leucosolenida. However, new material and the addition of molecular data from the type species of both taxa would be required to formally propose changes at (sub-)ordinal levels within the classification of Calcaronean sponges.
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VAN SOEST, ROB W. M., and NICOLE J. DE VOOGD. "Calcareous sponges of the Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea." Zootaxa 4426, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4426.1.1.
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Past taxonomic studies of Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea Calcarea have been few and sporadic (e.g. Schuffner 1877, Jenkin 1908, Row 1909, Dendy 1913, 1916, Voigt et al. 2017, 2018). Nevertheless, approximately 70 species are known from these studies for the considered region, but the descriptions of the older records often lack sufficient details for reliable identification. We studied the Western Indian Ocean Calcarea collection kept in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Available specimens numbered 145, collected in the Red Sea, Seychelles, Maldives, Mayotte and Rodrigues, in addition to incidental samples from Oman, the Lakshadweep Islands, the Mozambique Channel, and Eastern South Africa. Using a combination of techniques (in situ and ‘on deck’ photography, detailed field notes, light microscopic studies and measurements, SEM microscopy, and selected DNA sequencing) we identified 45 species, divided over the two main classes Calcinea (24 spp.) and Calcaronea (21 spp.). Not all species could be definitely assigned to an already described or a new species, as seven remained qualified as ‘spec.’ or ‘aff.’ for reasons of insufficient material or lack of details of in situ habitus. Sixteen species appeared to be new to science: Borojevia voigti sp.nov., Borojevia tubulata sp.nov., Borojevia pirella sp.nov., Clathrina rodriguesensis sp.nov., Clathrina maremeccae sp.nov., Clathrina repens sp.nov., Leucascus schleyeri sp.nov., Leucetta sulcata sp.nov., Ute insulagemmae sp.nov., Leucandra pilula sp.nov., Leucandra mozambiquensis sp.nov., Grantessa woerheidei sp.nov., Sycettusa hirsutissima sp.nov., Vosmaeropsis glebula sp.nov., Paraleucilla erpenbecki sp.nov., and Kebira tetractinifera sp.nov. For a selection of the identified species from the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea (30 spp.), as well as from Indonesian material (22 spp.) published previously (see Van Soest & De Voogd 2015) we obtained sequences of the partial 28S gene of nuclear rDNA (C2–D2 region, cf. Voigt & Wörheide 2016). The sequences of the Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea species were used to assign these to genera and families based on a phylogenetic analysis using MEGA pack vs. 06.6 for Mac of the available dataset. The Indonesian sequences supplemented by partial 28S sequences taken from the Sponge Barcode Project website and the NCBI website were included in the phylogenetic analysis to confirm the assignments. The results were compared and discussed with additional information on regional Calcarea not represented in our material. The latter chapter yielded the discovery of a preoccupied name leading to Sycon oscari nom.nov. for a species described from Mauritius.
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Katthagen, J. C., M. Schwarze, L. Bauer, J. Meyer-Kobbe, C. Voigt, C. Hurschler, and H. Lill. "Is there any advantage in placing an additional calcar screw in locked nailing of proximal humeral fractures?" Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research 101, no. 4 (June 2015): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2015.01.018.
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Cheng, Yi, Xin Huang, Yu-Xiang Hu, Mu-Hua Huang, Bo Yang, Fu-Qing Zhou, and Xiao-Rong Wu. "Comparison of intrinsic brain activity in individuals with low/moderate myopia versus high myopia revealed by the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations." Acta Radiologica 61, no. 4 (August 9, 2019): 496–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185119867633.
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Background Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that individuals with high myopia are associated with abnormalities in anatomy of the brain. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore alterations in the intrinsic brain activity by studying the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. Material and Methods A total of 64 myopia individuals (41 with high myopia with a refractive error <–600 diopter [D], 23 with low/moderate myopia with a refractive error between –100 and –600 D, and similarly 59 healthy controls with emmetropia closely matched for age) were recruited. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations method was conducted to investigate the difference of intrinsic brain activity across three groups. Results Compared with the healthy controls, individuals with low/moderate myopia showed significantly decreased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values in the bilateral rectal gyrus, right cerebellum anterior lobe/calcarine, and bilateral thalamus and showed significantly increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values in left white matter (optic radiation), right prefrontal cortex, and left primary motor cortex (M1)/primary somatosensory cortex (S1). In addition, individuals with high myopia showed significantly decreased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values in the right cerebellum anterior lobe/calcarine/bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral middle cingulate cortex and significantly increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values in left white matter (optic radiation), bilateral frontal parietal cortex, and left M1/S1. Moreover, we found that the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values of the different brain areas was closely related to the clinical features in the high myopia group. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that individuals with low/moderate myopia and high myopia had abnormal intrinsic brain activities in various brain regions related to the limbic system, default mode network, and thalamo-occipital pathway.
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Mackie, J., K. P. Ebmeier, and R. E. O'Carroll. "An MRI, SPECT and Neuropsychological Study of a Patient Presenting with Capgras Syndrome." Behavioural Neurology 7, no. 3-4 (1994): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/960953.
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A 25 year old male patient presented with the “delusion of doubles” (Capgras syndrome). The patient underwent detailed neuropsychological, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations. The neuropsychological results indicated that he was of average premorbid intelligence, which was consistent with current estimates, and had a degree of everyday memory dysfunction which was below norms derived from healthy controls, but was average relative to schizophrenic norms. He demonstrated average or above average recognition memory for patterns, spaces or words, but exhibited a marked and disproportionate impairment in face recognition, performing at the 5th percentile. In addition he demonstrated markedly impaired performance on various tests of executive function. MRI scanning revealed no focal abnormality; slight ventricular dilatation was noted. SPECT scanning, however, revealed marked right/left asymmetries of tracer uptake, restricted to occipital and calcarine cortices. These asymmetries were well outside those derived from a cohort of healthy controls. These results are discussed in relation to current neuropsychological models of Capgras syndrome.
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Botting, Joseph P. "Reassessment of the problematic Burgess Shale sponge Takakkawia lineata Walcott, 1920." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 49, no. 9 (September 2012): 1087–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e2012-046.
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The monotypic Burgess Shale sponge genus Takakkawia Walcott, 1920, has been previously assigned to the Protomonaxonida, despite showing several unique features. A reassessment of the genus, including restudy of previously described material and the addition of new material that includes partially disarticulated specimens, has allowed a greatly modified understanding of its structure. The sponge possessed four primary columns (each divided into two) of highly modified spicules, with an outer organic layer extended into a unique, complex flange that shows a fine microstructure. The flanges within one column overlap to give the impression of radial fins, and each column is surmounted by an enlarged marginal spicule of similar morphology. Multi-rayed spicules are present both within the primary column architecture and as marginalia lining the osculum. The architecture most closely resembles Metaxyspongia Wu et al., 2005, which is placed into the Takakkawiidae. This restudy supports an interpretation of the family as a very early-branching sponge lineage, diverging within the early stem group of Silicea or prior to the separation of Calcarea and Silicea.
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Ercole, Claudia, Paola Bozzelli, Fabio Altieri, Paola Cacchio, and Maddalena Del Gallo. "Calcium Carbonate Mineralization: Involvement of Extracellular Polymeric Materials Isolated from Calcifying Bacteria." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, no. 4 (June 15, 2012): 829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612000426.
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AbstractThis study highlights the role of specific outer bacterial structures, such as the glycocalix, in calcium carbonate crystallizationin vitro. We describe the formation of calcite crystals by extracellular polymeric materials, such as exopolysaccharides (EPS) and capsular polysaccharides (CPS) isolated fromBacillus firmusandNocardia calcarea. Organic matrices were isolated from calcifying bacteria grown on synthetic medium—in the presence or absence of calcium ions—and their effect on calcite precipitation was assessed. Scanning electron microscopy observations and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry analysis showed that CPS and EPS fractions were involved in calcium carbonate precipitation, not only serving as nucleation sites but also through a direct role in crystal formation. The utilization of different synthetic media, with and without addition of calcium ions, influenced the biofilm production and protein profile of extracellular polymeric materials. Proteins of CPS fractions with a molecular mass between 25 and 70 kDa were overexpressed when calcium ions were present in the medium. This higher level of protein synthesis could be related to the active process of bioprecipitation.
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Sukul, Nirmal Chandra, Tandra Sarkar, Atheni Konar, Indrani Chakraborty, Achintya Singha, Dipanwita Majumdar, and Anirban Sukul. "Raman spectroscopy reveals distinctive features of drugs at ultra high dilution." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 15, no. 4 (August 18, 2021): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v15i4.866.
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Background
            Drugs at ultra high dilution (UHD) have been used in homeopathy for a couple of centuries. The central theme in homeopathic Materia Medica is that each drug has its own distinctive features which need to be matched with the symptoms of a patient for eliciting therapeutic response. However, UHD’s very often (above 12 cH) cross the Avogadro number, and are, therefore, devoid of original drug molecules. How do they maintain their individual identity ? This study aims to address this pertinent question.
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Objective :
            The medium of UHD’s is ethanol water. It is thought that water structures in a UHD carry the identity of the drug and its rank of dilution. The objective is to decipher the exact nature of water structure in UHD’s of different drugs by laser Raman spectroscopy.
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Method :
            Six homeopathic drugs and their control ethanol, all in 90% ethanol v/v, were used in the study. For Sulphur and Natrum mur, potencies used were 30 cH, 200 cH and 1000 cH, and for Calcarea carb and Sepia the potencies were 8 cH, 202 cH and 1002 cH. In addition to the four drugs we also used X-ray and Magnetis poli ambo which did not originate from any substance by exposure of ethanol water to X radiation and strong magnetic field.For this we could use their mother tinctures as well as ultrahigh dilutions(potencies) like 8cH, 14cH and 32cH. The potencies used for ethanol control were 8 cH, 14cH, 32cH and 20 cH. Raman spectra of all the potencies of 6 drugs, ethanol control and pure water were taken in the wave number region of 2400-4200 cm-1. All the samples were reduced to 25% ethanol by adding appropriate volume of water to each of them before taking the spectra. The mother tinctures MT of X-ray and Magnetis were studied.
The intensity ratio of vibration frequencies between 3200 cm-1Â and 3420 cm-1Â (R1) and that between 3620 cm-1Â and 3420 cm-1Â (R2) were calculated for each UHD of the samples.
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Results :
All the UHD’s of the drugs and the control tested show difference in intensities in the stretching vibrations of CH and OH groups. The three UHD’s from low to high ranks of both Natrum mur and Sulphur show negative relationship with respect to R1 values, and positive one concerning  R2 values. R1 values for 3 UHD’s of Calcarea carb and Sepia show negative and positive relationships, respectively. In case of R2 values the relationship in 3 UHD’s is 81002 for Calcarea carb, and 8>202
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Macías-Cortés, Emma, Saraí Arellano-Álvarez, Sandra Vega-Monroy, Violeta Vera-Pérez, Lidia Llanes-González, Pilar Sánchez-Navarrete, and Dolores Enciso-González. "Efficacy of Homeopathy in Addition to a Multidisciplinary Intervention for Overweight or Obesity in Mexican Adolescents: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial." Homeopathy 109, no. 02 (January 20, 2020): 087–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697927.
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Abstract Background Current recommendations for treating obesity in adolescence include a comprehensive approach (nutritional, behavioral, and exercise). Calcarea carbonica ostrearum (CCO) is a homeopathic medicine usually prescribed in obese individuals, but its effects on weight and body fat are not completely known. Objective The aim of this study will be to evaluate the efficacy of homeopathic CCO, in addition to a multidisciplinary intervention (diet, motivational support, and exercise program), on body fat and weight in obese adolescents. Methods/Design A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, superiority trial with 3-month study duration will be undertaken. The study will be conducted in a public research hospital in Mexico City, Hospital Juárez de México, in the outpatient services of homeopathy and sports medicine. Eighty non-diabetic adolescents, 12 to 19 years old, who are overweight or obese, will be included. The primary outcome: change in body fat percentage at week 12. The secondary outcomes: change in mean total weight, total body mass index, fat mass index, waist–hip ratio, lean muscle mass, fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, lipid profile, score of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R) and score of Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) at week 12. Efficacy data will be analyzed in the intention-to-treat sample. To determine the difference in the outcomes between groups at baseline and week 12, data will be analyzed using Student's t-test. Discussion This is the first randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the fat-reducing efficacy in obese adolescents of a homeopathic medicine, CCO, given in addition to a multidisciplinary intervention, compared with placebo plus the same intervention. It is an attempt to support scientific evidence in homeopathy for one of the most common chronic diseases, which causes high mortality due to its complications. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03945396 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03945396?term=homeopathy+for+obesity+in+Mexican+adolescents&rank=1
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Ling, Ling, Yu Guo, Rong-Bin Liang, Hui-Ye Shu, Li-Juan Zhang, Qiu-Yu Li, Qian-Min Ge, Yi-Cong Pan, and Yi Shao. "Altered spontaneous brain activity patterns in patients with hyperthyroidism exophthalmos using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation: a resting-state fMRI study." International Journal of Ophthalmology 14, no. 12 (December 18, 2021): 1957–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2021.12.22.
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AIM: To assess changed spontaneous brain activity in hyperthyroid exophthalmos (HE) patients by the amplitude of the low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method, and to analyze the correlation between brain activity and ALFF values in these patients. METHODS: Totally 18 HE and 18 hyperthyroid non-exophthalmos (HNE) patients were enrolled. The participants were tested by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to classify the ALFF values of the study population. Pearson’s correlation analysis was utilized to evaluate the relationship between the ALFF values obtained from different brain areas and clinical manifestations. RESULTS: Contrary to HNE patients, we observed lower ALFF values in the left calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex (LCFSC) in HE patients. In the ROC curve analysis of the LCFSC, the area under the curve reflected a high degree of accuracy. In addition, there was positive correlation between mean ALFF values of the LCFSC and the best-corrected visual acuity of the affected eyes. CONCLUSION: The study displays abnormal brain activity in LCFSC in patients with HE, which might suggest pathological mechanism of visual impairment of HE patients.
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Ni-Ni-Win, Zhong-Min Sun, Takeaki Hanyuda, Akira Kurihara, Alan J. K. Millar, Carlos Frederico D. Gurgel, and Hiroshi Kawai. "Four newly recorded species of the calcified marine brown macroalgal genus Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) for Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 26, no. 6 (2013): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb13025.
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Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on plastid-encoded rbcL and mitochondrial cox3 gene sequences, in combination with morphological observations, revealed the existence of the following four bistratose Padina species previously unreported from Australian coasts: Padina calcarea Ni-Ni-Win, S.G.A.Draisma, W.F.Prud'homme van Reine & H.Kawai, characterised by its bright yellow–orange inferior thallus surface and chalky white, heavily calcified superior surface, and the presence of hairlines only on the inferior surface; P. macrophylla Ni-Ni-Win, M.Uchimura & H.Kawai, characterised by a moderately calcified thallus with broad, depressed hairlines on the inferior surface and narrow, not depressed hairlines on the superior surface, those hairlines that are largely spaced on each surface; P. moffittiana I.A.Abbott & Huisman, characterised by lightly calcified thalli with narrow, slightly depressed hairlines that are distributed in alternate sequence between the two surfaces at unequal distances, and broad reproductive sori in one or two rows in the fertile zone; and P. okinawaensis Ni-Ni-Win, S.Arai, M.Uchimura & H.Kawai, characterised by heavily calcified thalli, except at the hairlines, which form an alternation of uncalcified furrows and calcified glabrous zones on the inferior surface. With the addition of these four species, 13 Padina species are known from Australia.
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BEKMEZCİ, Taner, Serdar Kamil ÇEPNİ, Suat BATAR, and Ali ŞİŞMAN. "Functional results of deltoid split minimally invasive osteosynthesis for neer type 3 proximal humerus fractures." Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1214157.
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We aimed to evaluate the short-term functional and radiological outcomes of the minimally invasive fixation of three-part proximal humerus fractures without using calcar screws. Twenty patients were treated with the minimally invasive approach using locking plate-screws. The relationship between the cephalo-diaphyseal angles and the functional outcomes were evaluated. The mean follow-up time were 22.7 months. The mean Constant-Murley score of the patients was 83.7. The modified Constant-Murley score was excellent in 16 and good in four patients. A statistically significant difference was detected between cephalo-diaphyseal angles. Osteosynthesis with minimally invasive plate-screw and deltoid splitting application is encouraging with its satisfactory results in three-part fractures of the humerus; however, the total complication rate of 35% should not be ignored. In addition, in order to prevent a significant varus collapse and angular loss, the fracture subgroups should be studied in detail and additional measures should be taken based on the fracture type.
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Furderer, Makaila L., Ellen Hertz, Grisel J. Lopez, and Ellen Sidransky. "Neuropathological Features of Gaucher Disease and Gaucher Disease with Parkinsonism." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 23, 2022): 5842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105842.
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Deficient acid β-glucocerebrosidase activity due to biallelic mutations in GBA1 results in Gaucher disease (GD). Patients with this lysosomal storage disorder exhibit a wide range of associated manifestations, spanning from virtually asymptomatic adults to infants with severe neurodegeneration. While type 1 GD (GD1) is considered non-neuronopathic, a small subset of patients develop parkinsonian features. Variants in GBA1 are also an important risk factor for several common Lewy body disorders (LBDs). Neuropathological examinations of patients with GD, including those who developed LBDs, are rare. GD primarily affects macrophages, and perivascular infiltration of Gaucher macrophages is the most common neuropathologic finding. However, the frequency of these clusters and the affected anatomical region varies. GD affects astrocytes, and, in neuronopathic GD, neurons in cerebral cortical layers 3 and 5, layer 4b of the calcarine cortex, and hippocampal regions CA2–4. In addition, several reports describe selective degeneration of the cerebellar dentate nucleus in chronic neuronopathic GD. GD1 is characterized by astrogliosis without prominent neuronal loss. In GD-LBD, widespread Lewy body pathology is seen, often involving hippocampal regions CA2–4. Additional neuropathological examinations in GD are sorely needed to clarify disease-specific patterns and elucidate causative mechanisms relevant to GD, and potentially to more common neurodegenerative diseases.
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Jiménez-Ballesta, Raimundo, Sandra Bravo, Jose Angel Amorós, Caridad Pérez-de-los-Reyes, Jesus García-Pradas, Monica Sánchez, and Francisco Jesús García-Navarro. "An Environmental Approach to Understanding the Expansion of Future Vineyards: Case Study of Soil Developed on Alluvial Sediments." Environments 8, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8090096.
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The importance of soil properties in wine grape production is generally treated as secondary to climate and canopy management. This study was undertaken to characterize and classify a singular soil resource for a vineyard in a traditional viticultural region: Castilla-La Mancha, central Spain. The soil under study was described and sampled using standard soil survey procedures as outlined by FAO, and served as a pedologic window for Gleyic Fluvisol (Calcaric, Humic), according to the FAO System, or Fluventic Haploxerept, according to the Soil Taxonomy System. This soil, developed on alluvial materials of Holocene age related to the Gigüela river (either carbonatic or gypsiferous) has, in addition to obvious hydromorphic features (that reduce its use), high organic matter content (5.5% in the Ap horizon) and moderate salt content (between 1.14 and 2.39 dS/m). Other properties are common to most vineyard soils in Castilla-La Mancha, such as alkaline reactivity (pH between 7.6 and 8.2); calcium and magnesium as the dominant cations followed by sodium and potassium; finally, some deficiency in N (0.11%) and P (12.3 mg/kg). The most restricting soil factors for vineyard growth of this soil type were waterlogging, which can affect vine roots, and the appearance of certain salinity problems. The final conclusion of this study was that the use of the studied soil type for vineyard cultivation could be recommended to farmers only in the case of improving soil properties—for example, draining the river level.
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Inui, Koji, and Ryusuke Kakigi. "Temporal Analysis of the Flow From V1 to the Extrastriate Cortex in Humans." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 2 (August 2006): 775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00103.2006.
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We previously examined the cortical processing in response to somatosensory, auditory and noxious stimuli, using magnetoencephalography in humans. Here, we performed a similar analysis of the processing in the human visual cortex for comparative purposes. After flash stimuli applied to the right eye, activations were found in eight cortical areas: the left medial occipital area around the calcarine fissure (primary visual cortex, V1), the left dorsomedial area around the parietooccipital sulcus (DM), the ventral (MOv) and dorsal (MOd) parts of the middle occipital area of bilateral hemispheres, the left temporo-occipito-parietal cortex corresponding to human MT/V5 (hMT), and the ventral surface of the medial occipital area (VO) of the bilateral hemispheres. The mean onset latencies of each cortical activity were (in ms): 27.5 (V1), 31.8 (DM), 32.8 (left MOv), 32.2 (right MOv), 33.4 (left MOd), 32.3 (right MOv), 37.8 (hMT), 46.9 (left VO), and 46.4 (right VO). Therefore the cortico-cortical connection time of visual processing at the early stage was 4–6 ms, which is very similar to the time delay between sequential activations in somatosensory and auditory processing. In addition, the activities in V1, MOd, DM, and hMT showed a similar biphasic waveform with a reversal of polarity after 10 ms, which is a common activation profile of the cortical activity for somatosensory, auditory, and pain-evoked responses. These results suggest similar mechanisms of the serial cortico-cortical processing of sensory information among all sensory areas of the cortex.
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Kurochkina, Tatyana Fedorovna, Botagoz Murasovna Nasibulina, Shima Bakhshalizadeh, Nikolai Popov, Gulnur Kuanysheva, Francesco Fazio, and Attaala Muhaysin Ali. "Plankton Community Structure and Biomass in the Eastern Middle Caspian Sea." Water 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010138.
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Despite the role of planktonic organisms in the fishery value of the Caspian Sea and in addition to the increase in the plankton population in the Caspian Sea, there are few detailed studies regarding the determination of the planktonic organisms in the Caspian Sea. In the present investigation, we aimed to study the cell abundance and diversity of the phyto- and zooplankton in the eastern part of the Middle Caspian Sea in the spring of 2016. The composition of phytoplankton consisted of 50 species belonging to 4 systematic groups which were registered in the eastern part of the Middle Caspian: Cyanophyta (7), Bacillariophyta (24), Dinoflagellata (13), and Chlorophyta (6). Zooplankton were represented by 9 taxa: Cladocera—6, Copepod—1, and other groups—2. The most important phytoplankton species were Rhizosolenia calcar-avis, Anabaena bergii, Exuviaella cordata, and Binuclearia lauterbornii. The 0–50 m layer in the eastern Middle Caspian was the most productive, where the biomass varied from 98 mg/m3 to 109 mg/m3, consisting largely of diatoms. The cladoceran Evadne anonyx typica, the copepod Acartia tonsa, and the larvae of barnacle crustaceans (Cirripedia) were widely distributed in this layer. Zooplankton abundance decreased markedly with the depth. The maximum zooplankton concentrations were confined to depths down to 200 m.
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Vrščaj, Borut, Helena Baša Česnik, Špela Velikonja Bolta, Sanja Radeka, and Klemen Lisjak. "Pesticide Residues and Heavy Metals in Vineyard Soils of the Karst and Istria." Land 11, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122332.
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Pesticide residues and heavy metal concentrations were determined in two depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) of Chromic Cambisol in 69 vineyards in the Slovenian winegrowing region of the Karst. Similarly, pesticide residues and heavy metal concentrations were also determined in two depths of Calcaric Cambisol in 11 vineyards in the other Slovenian and Croatian winegrowing regions of Istria. The topsoil (0–20 cm) was analysed for the presence of 176 different pesticidal active substances using two multiresidue analytical methods: (a) gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and (b) liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Seven active substances (five fungicides and two insecticides) were detected in the soil samples. Their concentrations were compared with the maximum concentrations observed in the vineyards of the winegrowing regions of France, Italy, and Spain. In addition to pesticides, the soil samples were analysed for the presence of nine heavy metals commonly detected in vineyard soils. The concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, molybdenum, nickel, lead, and zinc were below the critical thresholds set by Slovenian legislation, with the exception of one soil sample in which the Cu concentration exceeded the critical threshold. Compared with the maximum concentrations measured in other vineyard soils in Spain, Italy, and France, the heavy metal concentrations in the vineyard soils of Karst and Istria were lower. Both the heavy metal concentrations and the residual concentrations of pesticidal active substances in the vineyard soils of the Karst and Istria regions were significantly lower than the concentrations that are occasionally discussed in the literature.
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Panyaping, Theeraphol, Lojana Tuntiyatorn, Chakrit Sugying, and Witaya Sungkarat. "Functional MRI During Memory Recognition in Healthy Adults." ASEAN Journal of Radiology 19, no. 1 (April 29, 2013): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46475/aseanjr.v19i1.19.
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Purpose: To localize the functional cortices enrolled during abstract picture recognition task that might be a baseline study to provide Thais standard paradigm for future research.
Material and methods: The protocol study was approved by institutional review broad and local ethics committee. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants after character of the experimental study was fully explained. Twenty healthy subjects underwent functional MRI and axial T1 weighted image, the latter was anatomic reference image. Abstract picture recognition task as block paradigm was used. Statistic analysis of fMRI datas were analyzed as a whole group analysis and using sample t test random effect analysis model, RFx (corrected P value <0.01). BOLD activities on brain surface rendering images were displayed as color from red (less activity) to yellow (strong activity). The anatomic reference image was loaded to overlay the colored maps and the anatomy of the cerebral cortical lobes and gyri and hippocampal formation were defined. In addition, BOLD activities are also displayed as color overlays on axial, coronal and sagittal views of T1W reference anatomic images, gradual change from dark blue (less activity) to red (most strong activity).
Results: Activation for abstract picture recognition was observed at the both-sided cerebellum, bilateral parietal lobes, left hippocampus, bilateral occipital lobes including calcarine cortices, left motor cortex, bilateral premotor cortices, supplementary motor area and left superior temporal gyrus (Wernickeûs area). There is asymmetry of the activities in both hemispheres with left-sided predominance. Bilateral parietal and occipital lobes showed the most intense activities.
Conclusion: Abstract picture recognition task showed activation in multiple areas of cortical brain, which correlates with the human memory processing.
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Mazumdar, Gourav, Abhishek Kumar Singh, Alif Nidal Vilangil, and Fazlur Rahmon. "Evaluation of functional and radiological outcome of transverse cancellous lag screw fixation technique in pauwels type 3 fracture neck of femur." Indian Journal of Orthopaedics Surgery 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijos.2023.005.
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The study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of transverse cancellous lag screw (TCLS) fixation in pauwels type 3 fracture neck of femur (NOF). 29 patients with pauwels type 3 fracture neck of femur were operated with transverse cancellous lag screws. Functional outcome was evaluated using Harris hip score while RUSH score was used to evaluate radiological outcome. The follow up period was 6 months. Quantitative variables were compared using unpaired t- test/Mann- Whitney test. Qualitative variables were compared using Chi-Square test /Fisher’s exact test. Pearson correlation coefficient/Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to find out the correlation between quantitative variables. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Mean Harris hip score was 84.86 with excellent outcomes in 44.82% of patients. Mean RUSH score was 26.55 at the end of 6 month follow up. The mean time to union was 4 months and the union rate was 93.10%. Over all TCLS fixation technique had good results in our study. This construction not only improves the compression pressure across the fracture site, also offer a multi-plane structure to lock the fracture ends. The addition of the transverse lag screw (inserted perpendicularly to the fracture line) allows optimum control of shear forces in the fracture ends. The transverse screw also provides rigid cortical support by transferring the bending moments from the femoral head and neck to the enhanced posterior lateral cortical support, which harmonized the function of the calcar femorale.
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Souza, Mônica Filomena Assis, Wellington Santos, Jean Kaique Valentim, Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia, Maria Fernanda de Castro Burbarelli, Felipe Cardoso Serpa, Gisele Aparecida Félix, et al. "Influence of homeopathy on the quality of quail eggs stored for different periods of time." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 21, no. 1 (May 6, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v21i1.1183.
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Introduction: The purpose of this trial was to assess the influence of homeopathy products on the diet of quails based on egg quality when submitted to different storage periods. Methodology: Two hundred, 45 day old Japanese quails and 80% of production were used, in a completely randomized design comprised of a 4x3 factorial, and 4 diets (basal feed, inert vehicle and 2 homeopathic products: Fertsigo® (Sulphur 10 CH, Sepia 15CH ) and Ovosigo® (Belladonna 12CH,Silicea 12 CH, Natrum mur. 30CH, Calcarea phos. 30CH, Sulphur 12CH) and 3 storage periods (0 days, 7 days and 14 days) with ten repetitions of three eggs per treatment. The weight, percentages of yoke, albumen and shell, albumen height and yolk color, specific gravity, Haugh unit, yolk index and shell thickness were evaluated. The data were submitted to variance analysis to verify whether there was a interaction effect between homeopathy factors and storage time, and when absent, the isolated effects. Results: An interaction between the homeopathic products and time was found for the parameters of albumen height and yolk, Haugh unit and yolk index, which reduced over time. For egg weight, yolk, albumen and shell, a significant effect (p<0.05) was found only in the case of homeopathy for the percentages of albumen and shell. For egg and albumen weights, yolk and albumen percentages, specific gravity and colorimetry there was an effect for time, however these parameters reduced over the storage time in days. The addition of the homeopathic based products Ovosigo® and FertSigo® are indicated for the diets of Japanese quail during the laying phase since it resulted in better weights for the egg and its components. Conclusion: The different homeopathic products did not have an influence on conserving the quality of the Japanese quail eggs during the periods evaluated.
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Jiang, Fei, Jian-Wen Fang, Yin-Quan Ye, Yan-Jin Tian, Xian-Jun Zeng, and Yu-Lin Zhong. "Altered effective connectivity of primary visual cortex in primary angle closure glaucoma using Granger causality analysis." Acta Radiologica 61, no. 4 (August 7, 2019): 508–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185119867644.
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Background Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that primary angle closure glaucoma patients were associated with abnormal intrinsic brain activity in primary visual cortex (V1). Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective connectivity patterns of V1 in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma. Material and Methods Thirty-seven patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (20 men, 17 women) and 36 healthy controls (20 men, 16 women) closely matched for age, sex, and education, underwent resting-state MRI scans. A voxel-wise Granger causality analysis method was performed to explore different effective connectivity pattern of V1 between the two groups. Results Compared with healthy controls, patients with primary angle closure glaucoma showed decreased effective connectivity from the left V1 to left cuneus and increased effective connectivity from the left V1 to left precentral gyrus and right supplementary motor area. Meanwhile, patients with primary angle closure glaucoma showed decreased effective connectivity from left precentral gyrus to left V1 and right frontal middle gyrus to left V1. In addition, patients with primary angle closure glaucoma showed a decreased effective connectivity from the right V1 to left cuneus/calcarine and increased effective connectivity from the right V1 to left inferior frontal gyrus and right caudate. Meanwhile, patients with primary angle closure glaucoma showed decreased effective connectivity from right middle frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus to right V1 and left precentral gyrus to right V1. Conclusion Our results highlighted that patients with primary angle closure glaucoma had abnormal effective connectivity between V1 and higher visual area, motor cortices, somatosensory cortices, and frontal lobe, which indicated that they might present with abnormal top-down modulations, visual imagery, vision-motor function, and vision-related higher cognition function.
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Ilyas, Gokhan, and Fikri Burak Ipci. "Evaluation of the Relationship between Osteoporosis Parameters in Plain Hip Radiography and DXA Results in 156 Patients at a Single Center in Turkey." Diagnostics 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2023): 2519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152519.
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Background: The aim of the current study is to determine the relationship between osteoporosis findings in plain X-ray and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement results and to create an alternative diagnostic method for osteoporosis without DXA measurement when necessary. Methods: DXA values and hip radiographs of 156 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Singh index (SI), Dorr index (DI), cortical thickness index (CTI), and canal-to-calcar ratio (CCR) measurements from both plain hip radiographs were determined by two observers. The correlation of the DXA parameters (hip total T-score, femoral neck T-score, hip total Z-score, hip total bone mineral density [BMD], and femoral neck BMD) and osteoporosis markers on plain hip radiography (SI, DI, CTI, and CCR) was calculated. In addition, patients were evaluated by dividing them into three groups according to the level of their T-scores (normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis). In addition, cut-off values were calculated for CTI and CCR. Results: The mean age was 68.27 ± 8.27 (50–85) years. There was a strong correlation between hip total T-score values and SI, DI, and CTI (r = 0.683, −0.667, and 0.632, respectively), and a moderate correlation (r = −0.495) with CCR. When both hips were compared, there were strong correlations between radiographic parameters (r = 0.942 for SI, 0.858 for DI, 0.957 for CTI, and 0.938 for CCR, all with p < 0.001). When patients divided into three groups according to the T-score level were compared in terms of SI, DI, CTI, and CCR, it was found to be directly related to osteoporosis level (all p < 0.001). In the differentiation of osteopenia and osteoporosis, the cut-off values were 50.4 degrees for CTI and 60.3 degrees for CCR. Conclusion: Good correlations between hip total T-score values and SI, DI, CTI, and CCR (r = 0.683, −0.667, 0.632, and −0.495, respectively) indicate that the presence of osteoporosis can be detected by hip radiography findings without DXA.
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Kovaleva, G. V., and I. Yu Gavrilova. "CHANGES IN THE DOMINANT SPECIES AND SIZE STRUCTURE OF DIATOMS FROM THE SURFACE BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE SEA OF AZOV OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS." Ecology. Economy. Informatics.System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems 1, no. 6 (2021): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-395x-2021-1-6-96-103.
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The paper presents the results of diatom analysis of surface bottom sediments selected with a range of 20 years. Samples of surface sediments of the Sea of Azov collected in 1998 (before the salinization period) and in 2019 were studied. The results of the diatom analysis of the bottom sediments showed that the sediments were dominated by spores of diatoms from the genus Chaetoceros and stomatocysts of golden algae. In addition to spores and stomatocysts, diatoms from the genus Thalassiosira sp., Coscinodiscus sp., Ditylum brightwellii, Pseudosolenia calcar-avis and Thalassionema nitzschioides were often found in the surface soils of 1998. In the sediments selected in 2019, medium – and large-sized taxa (Actinoptychus senarius, Actinocyclus octonarius, Thalassiosira sp., Coscinodiscus sp.) began to predominate in frequency of occurrence and abundance. The appearance of these species can be associated with an increase in the average salinity of the waters of the Sea of Azov, since most of the representatives of the above taxa belong to marine and brackish-water-marine species. A decrease in freshwater runoff and an increase in salinity in the Sea of Azov can lead not only to a radical transformation of the native microalgae community, but also increases the risk of alien marine species of plankton and benthos. Large-sized diatoms are less attractive as a food base for zooplankton, which can also lead to changes in the native biota of the Sea of Azov. In general, these dangerous transformations can lead to a sharp decrease in the stability of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov and irreversible consequences.
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Mansouri, Alireza, Alexandre Boutet, Gavin Elias, Jurgen Germann, Karim Mithani, George Ibrahim, Andres Lozano, and Taufik Valiante. "NIMG-25. LESION-NETWORK ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY PREFERENTIALLY-ENGAGED NETWORKS IN EPILEPTOGENIC TUMORS." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi166—vi167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.696.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Lesion network mapping (LNM) is a method used to identify potential networks that can be ascribed to particular neurological functions/ deficits. LNM has yet to be implemented for large brain lesions such as tumors. OBJECTIVES: To apply LNM for potential identification of vulnerable epileptogenic networks in tumors causing medically-refractory epilepsy (MRE), compared with non-epileptogenic tumors. METHODS MRE and non-epileptogenic lesions were normalized to standard space for group analysis. These were used as a seed in high-resolution normative resting state fMRI, which was then transformed to t-maps and thresholded by t = 5.1; this corrected for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni corrections) across the whole brain at pcor < 0.05. The statistically-significant thresholded maps were binarized and summed connectivity maps were generated for both groups. This allowed computation of voxel-wise odds ratios (VORs) in order to identify voxels that were more likely associated with tumors that either did or did not result in MRE. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients were included. Eleven brain metastases with no history of seizures, M/F: 5/6, mean age 68.4+/-8.4 years, and 16 had MRE (10 low-grade glioma, 2 cavernoma, 3 “other”), M/F: 7:9, mean age 33.7 +/-12.2 years. Lesions causing MRE were preferentially located in the cingulate gyrus, calcarine fissure, parahippocampal gyrus and lateral temporal neocortex. The resting-state networks that were >1.5x likely to be connected with MRE lesions were the salience, executive control, and dorsal default mode networks. CONCLUSION In this proof of concept study, we have demonstrated that (1) in addition to stroke, tumors may also be amenable to LNM and (2) the underlying normative neural circuitry may in part explain the propensity of particular lesions toward development of MRE. This has ramifications in patient counseling and surgical management planning, as earlier surgery could be applied for lesions thought to be more prone to development of MRE.
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Burton, H., A. Z. Snyder, T. E. Conturo, E. Akbudak, J. M. Ollinger, and M. E. Raichle. "Adaptive Changes in Early and Late Blind: A fMRI Study of Braille Reading." Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 589–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00285.2001.
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Braille reading depends on remarkable adaptations that connect the somatosensory system to language. We hypothesized that the pattern of cortical activations in blind individuals reading Braille would reflect these adaptations. Activations in visual (occipital-temporal), frontal-language, and somatosensory cortex in blind individuals reading Braille were examined for evidence of differences relative to previously reported studies of sighted subjects reading print or receiving tactile stimulation. Nine congenitally blind and seven late-onset blind subjects were studied with fMRI as they covertly performed verb generation in response to reading Braille embossed nouns. The control task was reading the nonlexical Braille string “######”. This study emphasized image analysis in individual subjects rather than pooled data. Group differences were examined by comparing magnitudes and spatial extent of activated regions first determined to be significant using the general linear model. The major adaptive change was robust activation of visual cortex despite the complete absence of vision in all subjects. This included foci in peri-calcarine, lingual, cuneus and fusiform cortex, and in the lateral and superior occipital gyri encompassing primary (V1), secondary (V2), and higher tier (VP, V4v, LO and possibly V3A) visual areas previously identified in sighted subjects. Subjects who never had vision differed from late blind subjects in showing even greater activity in occipital-temporal cortex, provisionally corresponding to V5/MT and V8. In addition, the early blind had stronger activation of occipital cortex located contralateral to the hand used for reading Braille. Responses in frontal and parietal cortex were nearly identical in both subject groups. There was no evidence of modifications in frontal cortex language areas (inferior frontal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Surprisingly, there was also no evidence of an adaptive expansion of the somatosensory or primary motor cortex dedicated to the Braille reading finger(s). Lack of evidence for an expected enlargement of the somatosensory representation may have resulted from balanced tactile stimulation and gross motor demands during Braille reading of nouns and the control fields. Extensive engagement of visual cortex without vision is discussed in reference to the special demands of Braille reading. It is argued that these responses may represent critical language processing mechanisms normally present in visual cortex.
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Hagiyama, Akikazu, Norio Yamamoto, Yosuke Tomita, and Koji Demiya. "Letter to the editor: Calcar fracture gapping: a reliable predictor of anteromedial cortical support failure after cephalomedullary nailing for pertrochanteric femur fractures." BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 23, no. 1 (July 28, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05688-w.
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AbstractA recently published article by Song H et al. investigated the risk factors for anteromedial cortical support loss in pertrochanteric fractures treated with cephalomedullary nails. In this Correspondence, we would like to raise some concerns. Specifically, calcar fracture gap and anteromedial cortical support are different concepts in evaluating reduction quality. In addition, calcar fracture gap using immediate postoperative radiographic images has measurement bias. Lastly, explanatory variables selected for multivariable analysis are inappropriate. We would like to discuss and suggest solutions for these problems.
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Ren, Hanru, Lianghao Wu, Xu Zhang, Zhen Jian, and Chengqing Yi. "The effect of integrity of lesser tuberosity-medial calcar on postoperative outcome in the proximal humeral fracture." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 18, no. 1 (May 16, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03851-0.
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Abstract Background In proximal humeral fractures, the medial calcar is often considered an important stabilizing structure. When the medial calcar is disrupted, some patients may have accompanying humeral lesser tuberosity comminution that has not been noticed. To investigate the impacts of comminuted fragments of lesser tuberosity and calcar on postoperative stability, CT results, number of fragments, cortical integrity, and the variation of neck-shaft angle were compared in patients with proximal humeral fractures. Materials and methods From April 2016 to April 2021, this study included patients with senile proximal humeral fractures diagnosed by CT three-dimensional reconstruction with lesser tuberosity fractures and medial column injuries. The number of fragments in the lesser tuberosity and the continuity of medial calcar were evaluated. Postoperative stability and shoulder function were evaluated by comparing changes in neck-shaft angle and the DASH upper extremity function score from 1 week to 1 year after the operation. Results A total of 131 patients were included in the study, and the results showed that the number of fragments of the lesser tuberosity was related to the integrity of the medial cortex of the humerus. That is, when there were more than two lesser tuberosity fragments, the integrity of humeral medial calcar was poor. The positive rate of the lift-off test was higher in patients with lesser tuberosity comminutions 1 year after surgery. In addition, patients with more than two lesser tuberosity fragments and continuous destruction of the medial calcar had large variations in the neck-shaft angle, high DASH scores, poor postoperative stability, and poor recovery of shoulder joint function 1 year postoperatively. Conclusion The number of humeral lesser tuberosity fragments and the integrity of the medial calcar were associated with the collapse of the humeral head and the decrease in shoulder joint stability after the proximal humeral fracture surgery. When the number of lesser tuberosity fragments was greater than two and the medial calcar was damaged, the proximal humeral fracture had poor postoperative stability and poor functional recovery of the shoulder joint, which required auxiliary internal fixation treatment.
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Liu, Dan, Cui Zhao, Wei Wang, Yuanyuan Wang, Ruili Li, Jun Sun, Jiaojiao Liu, et al. "Altered Gray Matter Volume and Functional Connectivity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adults." Frontiers in Neuroscience 14 (December 3, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.601063.
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People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) are at high risk of neurocognitive impairment. The pathogenesis of neurocognitive impairment remains unclear, and there is still no diagnostic biomarker. By coupling three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging and resting-state functional imaging, we explored structural and functional alterations in PLWH and examined whether such imaging alterations had the potential to denote neurocognitive function. A total of 98 PLWH and 47 seronegative controls aged 20–53 years were recruited. Structural alterations were first explored between HIV-negative controls and PLWH. Subsequently, brain regions showing gray matter alterations were used as seeds for separate whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Finally, the relationships between imaging alterations and cognitive function were explored. PLWH suffered from thalamus, occipital lobe, and hippocampus/parahippocampus atrophy. Visual cortices in PLWH showed decreased anticorrelation with the posterior cingulate cortex and left angular gyrus of the default mode network. FC within the visual cortices (between the left calcarine and right calcarine) and in the thalamic prefrontal circuit and between the thalamus and somatosensory association cortex were also altered. In addition, FC between the left thalamus and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the cognitively impaired group was significantly different from that in the cognitively normal group in PLWH. Partial correlation analysis uncorrected for multiple comparisons suggested that some imaging alterations can be associated with neurocognition. Our study supports the presence of brain atrophy and functional reconfiguration in PLWH. Imaging alterations can be associated with neurocognitive function. We hold that neuroimaging is a promising approach in evaluating PLWH and might have the potential to clarify the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.
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Kołodziejek, Jeremi. "Growth performance and emergence of invasive alien Rumex confertus in different soil types." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56068-9.
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AbstractRumex confertus is known to be one of the most serious invasive weed species infesting meadows, pastures and ruderal lands throughout the Central Europe. Rumex confertus was grown in pot experiments using 8 soil types at 5 concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Based on harvest data, the variables, seedlings emergence, root: shoot (R: S) ratio, N and P concentration, chlorophyll content, Relative Colimitation Index (RCI) and dry matter allocation to plant components, were determined. N and P addition stimulated the growth of plants in different soils, as reflected by a significant increase in seedling growth parameters such as total plant biomass and shoot biomass. Across all soil types, emergence of seedlings was negatively affected by very high N, but positively affected by increased P availability. This study indicates that Dystric Arenosol, Entic Podzol, Brunic Arenosol and Calcaric Leptosol are unfavorable for R. confertus growth, excluding R. confertus completely. Moreover, evidence suggests that plant growth is limited by both N and P, therefore R. confertus could be controlled by reducing available N and P content in the soil.
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Beirer, Marc, Moritz Crönlein, Arne J. Venjakob, Tim Saier, Marcus Schmitt-Sody, Stefan Huber-Wagner, Peter Biberthaler, and Chlodwig Kirchhoff. "Additional calcar support using a blade device reduces secondary varus displacement following reconstruction of the proximal humerus: a prospective study." European Journal of Medical Research 20, no. 1 (October 7, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40001-015-0178-5.
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Pandey, Prashant, K. K. Pandey, Ajay Dhanopeeya, and Surya Prakash Garg. "TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF KICK STAND SCREW IN FIXATION OF SUBTROCHANTERIC FEMORAL FRACTURES USING CONTRALATERAL REVERSED DISTAL FEMORAL LOCKING PLATEPROSPECTIVE SINGLE CENTRIC STUDY." INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, September 1, 2020, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9401597.
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PURPOSE- All type of plates when used for proximal femur fractures always has chances of mechanical failure due to lack of strength of the construct, but addition of ‘kick stand screw’ has some effects on stability of the construct. Aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy of kick stand screw in fixation of subtrochanteric fractures using contralateral reversed distal femoral locking plate. METHOD- 30 patients of subtrochanteric fractures fixed using contralateral reversed distal femoral locking plate. N(1st)=15 fixed without kick stand screw and other N(2nd)=15 fixed using kick stand screw. Calcar screw( Kick Stand Screw) is placed to support calcar region (inferior to the center in AP view and central in Lateral view). In other group screws are placed as oriented in screw holes. Outcome was assessed using Harris Hip Score and VAS score and change in the neck shaft angle is also followed. RESULT- Union rate was 80% in 1st group as compare to 94% in second group. Mean Harris hip score at the one year follow up was 71.2 in 1st group as compare to 89.2 in 2nd group. Mean Visual analogue scale was 3.2 in first group as compare to 1.6 in second group at final follow up. Mean neck shaft angle at final follow-up was 120 degree in first group as compared to135 degree in second group. Complication- 1st Group of patients had three failures 2 in the form of screw break down and one in the form of plate bending, all three lend up in to varus deformity but the 2nd group had only one failure in the form of plate bending. CONCLUSION-In our study cases in which kick stand screw was used they showed better mechanical strength and gave better clinical results. So in proximal femur fractures including subtrochanteric fracture fixation ‘kick stand screw’ must be used.
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Zhu, Pingyi, Zihui Liu, Yi Lu, Yu Wang, Danbin Zhang, Pinghui Zhao, Lulu Lin, et al. "Alterations in Spontaneous Neuronal Activity and Microvascular Density of the Optic Nerve Head in Active Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy." Frontiers in Endocrinology 13 (July 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.895186.
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PurposeTo investigate changes in local spontaneous brain activity in patients with active thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and explore the relationship between such alterations and microvascular indices.MethodsThirty-six active TAO patients with active phase and 39 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), neuropsychological tests, and ophthalmological examinations. The rs-fMRI-based fractional low-frequency fluctuation amplitude (fALFF) analysis methods were used to assess spontaneous brain activity in both groups. The structure (peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, pRNFL) and microvascular indices (the optic nerve head (ONH) whole image vessel density, ONH-wiVD, and peripapillary vessel density) were analyzed through optical coherence tomographic angiography imaging. The relationship between abnormal spontaneous brain activity and ophthalmological indices was analyzed using the Spearman’s rank correlation analysis.ResultsCompared with HCs, active TAO patients had increased fALFF in the right inferior temporal gyrus (R.ITG) and left posterior cingulate gyrus (L.PCC), but decreased fALFF in the right calcarine (R.CAL). The fALFF values in L.PCC were positively correlated with peripapillary vessel density, whereas fALFF values in R.CAL were negatively related to peripapillary vessel density.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that changes in spontaneous brain activity of active TAO are accompanied by peripapillary microvascular variations. These results provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of active TAO. In addition, the combination of fALFF values and peripapillary vessel density may be served as important references for better clinical decision making.
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Zhang, Di, Xiaobin Huang, Cunnan Mao, Yuchen Chen, Zhengfei Miao, Chunmei Liu, Chenjie Xu, Xinying Wu, and Xindao Yin. "Assessment of normalized cerebral blood flow and its connectivity with migraines without aura during interictal periods by arterial spin labeling." Journal of Headache and Pain 22, no. 1 (July 14, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10194-021-01282-y.
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Abstract Background Migraine constitutes a global health burden, and its pathophysiology is not well-understood; research evaluating cerebral perfusion and altered blood flow between brain areas using non-invasive imaging techniques, such as arterial spin labeling, have been scarce. This study aimed to assess cerebral blood flow (CBF) and its connectivity of migraine. Methods This study enrolled 40 patients with episodic migraine without aura (MwoA), as well as 42 healthy patients as control (HC). Two groups of normalized CBF and CBF connectivity were compared, and the relationship between CBF variation and clinical scale assessment was further evaluated. Results In comparison to HC subjects, MwoA patients exhibited higher CBF in the right middle frontal orbital gyrus (ORBmid.R) and the right middle frontal gyrus, while that in Vermis_6 declined. The increased CBF of ORBmid.R was positively correlated with both the Visual Light Sensitivity Questionnaire-8 (VLSQ-8) and the monthly attack frequency score. In MwoA, significantly decreased CBF connectivity was detected between ORBmid.R and the left superior frontal gyrus, the right putamen, the right caudate, as well as the right angular gyrus. In addition, increased CBF connectivity was observed between the left calcarine cortex and ORBmid.R. Conclusions Our results indicate that migraine patients exhibit abnormalities in regional CBF and feature CBF connection defects at the resting state. The affected areas involve information perception, information integration, and emotional, pain and visual processing. Our findings might provide important clues for the pathophysiology of migraine.
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Ribeiro, Fernanda Lenita, Ashley York, Elizabeth Zavitz, Steffen Bollmann, Marcello GP Rosa, and Alexander Puckett. "Variability of visual field maps in human early extrastriate cortex challenges the canonical model of organization of V2 and V3." eLife 12 (August 15, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.86439.
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Visual field maps in human early extrastriate areas (V2 and V3) are traditionally thought to form mirror-image representations which surround the primary visual cortex (V1). According to this scheme, V2 and V3 form nearly symmetrical halves with respect to the calcarine sulcus, with the dorsal halves representing lower contralateral quadrants, and the ventral halves representing upper contralateral quadrants. This arrangement is considered to be consistent across individuals, and thus predictable with reasonable accuracy using templates. However, data that deviate from this expected pattern have been observed, but mainly treated as artifactual. Here, we systematically investigate individual variability in the visual field maps of human early visual cortex using the 7T Human Connectome Project (HCP) retinotopy dataset. Our results demonstrate substantial and principled inter-individual variability. Visual field representation in the dorsal portions of V2 and V3 was more variable than in their ventral counterparts, including substantial departures from the expected mirror-symmetrical patterns. In addition, left hemisphere retinotopic maps were more variable than those in the right hemisphere. Surprisingly, only one-third of individuals had maps that conformed to the expected pattern in the left hemisphere. Visual field sign analysis further revealed that in many individuals the area conventionally identified as dorsal V3 shows a discontinuity in the mirror-image representation of the retina, associated with a Y-shaped lower vertical representation. Our findings challenge the current view that inter-individual variability in early extrastriate cortex is negligible, and that the dorsal portions of V2 and V3 are roughly mirror images of their ventral counterparts.
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Budde, S., K. Tonin, E. Jakubowitz, B. Welke, A. Obermeier, C. Hurschler, H. Windhagen, and M. Schwarze. "Hip joint function and reconstruction of the anterior femoral offset in patients with short stem vs. conventional THA." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (February 10, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29513-z.
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AbstractIn cases where mobility and joint function are impaired after implantation of a THA, weakening of hip movement in both extension/flexion and adduction/abduction may play a role due to shortening of the physiological lever arm of the hip muscles. Mechanical factors of influence include the lateral femoral offset, which affects the lever arm, and the antetorsion angle of the hip prosthesis, which affects the anterior femoral offset. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an altered antetorsion angle of the implant on the hip moments and gait patterns of the patient. For this study, 13 patients with a conventional stem on one side and a calcar-guided short stem implanted on the contralateral side were included. To determine the maximum hip moment, tests were performed on a dynamometer in extension/flexion and adduction/abduction in addition to gait analysis. As a control, a comparison was made with data from a reference group of 30 healthy subjects. Both implants showed similar symmetry indices. There was a significant difference between the implants for adduction moments (p < 0.001). The ratios between the directions of moments showed no significant differences. The joint function measured by isokinetic measurements and gait analysis remains comparable to the healthy control group after short stem arthroplasty, but shows slight changes after conventional stem arthroplasty.
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Sun, Mengdan, Luming Hu, Xiaoyang Xin, and Xuemin Zhang. "Neural Hierarchy of Color Categorization: From Prototype Encoding to Boundary Encoding." Frontiers in Neuroscience 15 (July 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.679627.
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A long-standing debate exists on how our brain assigns the fine-grained perceptual representation of color into discrete color categories. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified several regions as the candidate loci of color categorization, including the visual cortex, language-related areas, and non-language-related frontal regions, but the evidence is mixed. Distinct from most studies that emphasized the representational differences between color categories, the current study focused on the variability among members within a category (e.g., category prototypes and boundaries) to reveal category encoding in the brain. We compared and modeled brain activities evoked by color stimuli with varying distances from the category boundary in an active categorization task. The frontal areas, including the inferior and middle frontal gyri, medial superior frontal cortices, and insular cortices, showed larger responses for colors near the category boundary than those far from the boundary. In addition, the visual cortex encodes both within-category variability and cross-category differences. The left V1 in the calcarine showed greater responses to colors at the category center than to those far from the boundary, and the bilateral V4 showed enhanced responses for colors at the category center as well as colors around the boundary. The additional representational similarity analyses (RSA) revealed that the bilateral insulae and V4a carried information about cross-category differences, as cross-category colors exhibited larger dissimilarities in brain patterns than within-category colors. Our study suggested a hierarchically organized network in the human brain during active color categorization, with frontal (both lateral and medial) areas supporting domain-general decisional processes and the visual cortex encoding category structure and differences, likely due to top-down modulation.
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Kim, Hun, Byung-Hoon Kim, Min-Kyeong Kim, Hyojung Eom, and Jae-Jin Kim. "Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training." Frontiers in Psychiatry 13 (September 20, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696.
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Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a mental disorder characterized by excessive anxiety in social situations. This study aimed to examine the alteration of resting-state functional connectivity in SAD patients related to the virtual reality-based self-training (VRS) which enables exposure to social situations in a controlled environment. Fifty-two SAD patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group who received the VRS, or the control group who did not. Self-report questionnaires and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were performed to assess clinical symptoms and analyze the resting-state network properties, respectively. Significant decrease in social anxiety and an increase in self-esteem was found in the experimental group. From the resting-state fMRI analysis, alteration of local network properties in the left dorsolateral prefrontal gyrus (-10.0%, p = 0.025), left inferior frontal gyrus (-32.3%, p = 0.044), left insula (-17.2%, p = 0.046), left Heschl's gyrus (-21.2%, p = 0.011), bilateral inferior temporal gyrus (right: +122.6%, p = 0.045; left:−46.7%, p = 0.015), and right calcarine sulcus (+17.0%, p = 0.010) were found in the experimental group. Average shortest path length (+8.3%, p = 0.008) and network efficiency (-7.6%, p = 0.011) are found to be altered from the global network property analysis. In addition, the experimental group displayed more positive and more negative changes in the correlation trend of average shortest path length (p = 0.004) and global network efficiency (p = 0.014) with the severity of social anxiety, respectively. These results suggest potential effectiveness of the VRS, which is possibly related to the change of aberrant processing and control of visual and auditory linguistic stimuli and the adaptive change in rumination pattern.
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Cheng, Panpan, Shuyan Song, Yumin Li, Yao Zhang, Jun Yi, Xiangyang Xu, Hongmei Zhou, and Zhentao Zuo. "Aberrant Functional Connectivity of the Posterior Cingulate Cortex in Type 2 Diabetes Without Cognitive Impairment and Microvascular Complications." Frontiers in Endocrinology 12 (October 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.722861.
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ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the alterations of brain functional connectivity (FC) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without clinical evidence of cognitive impairment and microvascular complications (woCIMC-T2DM) using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and to determine whether its value was correlated with clinical indicators.MethodsA total of 27 T2DM and 26 healthy controls (HCs) were prospectively examined. Cognitive impairment was excluded using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scales, and microvascular complications were excluded by fundus photography, microalbuminuria, and other indicators. The correlation maps, derived from rs-fMRI with posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) as the seed, were compared between T2DM patients and HCs. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the FC of PCC and the clinical indicators.ResultsCompared with HC, woCIMC-T2DM patients showed significantly decreased FCs with PCC (PCC-FCs) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right superior frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus, and right angular gyrus. Meanwhile, increased PCC-FCs was observed in the right superior temporal gyrus and calcarine fissure (CAL). The FC of PCC-ACC was negatively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and diabetes duration, and the FC of PCC-CAL was significantly positively correlated with HbA1c and diabetes duration.ConclusionThe FC, especially of the PCC with cognitive and visual brain regions, was altered before clinically measurable cognitive impairment and microvascular complications occurred in T2DM patients. In addition, the FC of the PCC with cognitive and visual brain regions was correlated with HbA1c and diabetes duration. This indicates that clinicians should pay attention not only to blood glucose control but also to brain function changes before the occurrence of adverse complications, which is of great significance for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction and visual impairment.
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Burachevskaya, Marina, Tatiana Minkina, Tatiana Bauer, Ilya Lobzenko, Alexey Fedorenko, Mahmoud Mazarji, Svetlana Sushkova, et al. "Fabrication of biochar derived from different types of feedstocks as an efficient adsorbent for soil heavy metal removal." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (February 3, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27638-9.
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AbstractFor effective soil remediation, it is vital to apply environmentally friendly and cost-effective technologies following the notion of green sustainable development. In the context of recycling waste and preserving nutrients in the soil, biochar production and utilization have become widespread. There is an urgent need to develop high-efficiency biochar-based sorbents for pollution removal from soil. This research examined the efficacy of soil remediation using biochar made from three distinct sources: wood, and agricultural residues (sunflower and rice husks). The generated biochars were characterized by SEM/SCEM, XRF, XRD, FTIR, BET Specific Surface Area, and elemental compositions. The presence of hydroxyl and phenolic functional groups and esters in wood, sunflower and rice husk biochar were noted. The total volume of pores was in the following descending order: rice husk > wood > sunflower husk. However, wood biochar had more thermally stable, heterogeneous, irregular-shaped pores than other samples. Adsorption of soil-heavy metals into biochars differed depending on the type of adsorbent, according to data derived from distribution coefficients, sorption degree, Freundlich, and Langmuir adsorption models. The input of biochars to Calcaric Fluvic Arenosol increased its adsorption ability under contamination by Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) in the following order: wood > rice husk > sunflower husk. The addition of sunflower husk, wood, and rice husk biochar to the soil led to an increase in the removal efficiency of metals in all cases (more than 77%). The increase in the percentage adsorption of Cu and Pb was 9–19%, of Zn was 11–21%. The present results indicated that all biochars functioned well as an absorbent for removing heavy metals from soils. The tailor-made surface chemistry properties and the high sorption efficiency of the biochar from sunflower and rice husks could potentially be used for soil remediation.
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Zhang, Wenxin, Shang Zhang, Min Zhu, Jian Tang, Xiaoke Zhao, Ying Wang, Yuting Liu, Ling Zhang, and Hong Xu. "Changes of Structural Brain Network Following Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Children With Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study." Frontiers in Pediatrics 8 (January 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.617548.
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Introduction: Bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP) is the most common subtype of cerebral palsy (CP), which is characterized by various motor and cognitive impairments, as well as emotional instability. However, the neural basis of these problems and how repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can make potential impacts on the disrupted structural brain network in BSCP remain unclear. This study was aimed to explore the topological characteristics of the structural brain network in BSCP following the treatment of rTMS.Methods: Fourteen children with BSCP underwent 4 weeks of TMS and 15 matched healthy children (HC) were enrolled. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were acquired from children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy before treatment (CP1), children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy following treatment (CP2) and HC. The graph theory analysis was applied to construct the structural brain network. Then nodal clustering coefficient (Ci) and shortest path length (Li) were measured and compared among groups.Results: Brain regions with significant group differences in Ci were located in the left precental gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, calcarine fissure, cuneus, lingual gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal gyri, angular gyrus, precuneus, paracentral lobule and the right inferior frontal gyrus (triangular part), insula, posterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus, paracentral lobule, pallidum. In addition, significant differences were detected in the Li of the left precental gyrus, lingual gyrus, superior occipital gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, precuneus and the right median cingulate gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, putamen, thalamus. Post hoc t-test revealed that the CP2 group exhibited increased Ci in the right inferior frontal gyrus, pallidum and decreased Li in the right putamen, thalamus when compared with the CP1 group.Conclusion: Significant differences of node-level metrics were found in various brain regions of BSCP, which indicated a disruption in structural brain connectivity in BSCP. The alterations of the structural brain network provided a basis for understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of motor and cognitive impairments in BSCP. Moreover, the right inferior frontal gyrus, putamen, thalamus could potentially be biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of TMS.