Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Additifs physiques'
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Martial, Frédérique. "Détection et évolution des additifs du polypropylène à l'aide de la SFC et du couplage SFE/SFC : influence sur les propriétés physiques du polypropylène." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES050.
Full textRobinet, Antonin. "Étude expérimentale de l'extinction d’incendie au sein de véhicules militaires terrestres." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourges, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAB0010.
Full textThe fire extinguishing systems currently used to protect military land vehicles use the gas FM200, which meets a requirement of the Montreal Protocol on species that deplete the ozone layer. However, its significant global warming potential means it urgently needs to be replaced. At the same time, research on water mist has intensified since the 1990s, as a fire extinguishing system that neither depletes the ozone layer nor has a global warming potential. The aim of this thesis is to study the feasibility of a water mist with additives as a fire extinguishing system for the protection of the engine compartments of military and civilian vehicles. The finely sprayed water can be added with substances that modify its physical and chemical properties and give the resulting solution improved characteristics and extinguishing performance. An exhaustive review of the literature has highlighted the paradoxical existence of solvents, highly flammable species, as additives for the water mist. In order to quantify the impact of these species on the extinguishing performance, the first step was to characterize the interaction between a flame and a water mist, in the presence of variable ventilation. Particle image velocimetry measurements were used to identify critical values for ventilation and injection pressure. Secondly, a solvent-added water mist in varying concentrations was studied using seven linear primary alcohols, from methanol to heptanol. A statistical analysis identified pentanol and butanol as the best linear primary alcohols as water mist additives. The reduction of the extinguishing time compared with only water is due to the increased cooling of the flame zone provided by the alcohol additives
Mokrani, Nabil. "Effet des paramètres physiques et d’additifs sur l'allumage du n-décane par claquage laser non résonant." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2062/document.
Full textIgnition by non-resonant laser breakdown of quiescent reactive mixtures was considered in this experimental study working with gaseous state. In this work, we mainly study the ignition of n-decane / air (C₁₀H₂₂+N₂+O₂) mixtures. This system is considered promising in different future strategies regarding ignitions systems for internal combustion engines. The breakdown is generated by focusing a high intensity laser beam for a few nanoseconds using Nd: YAG laser operating at 1064 nm, it is chosen as the laser source for all experiments conducted here. The experimental plan conducted allows to examine the effect of physical, optical, thermodynamic (pressure) and chemicals (additives: H₂O, Ar) on the characteristics of the laser ignition. This study implements a statistical approach on all the experimental cases taking into account all the measures during breakdown and combustion. This manuscript provides bibliographic basis for understanding combustion and laser breakdown phenomenology
Junqua, Remy. "Procédés innovants de stabilisation microbiologique des moûts et des vins." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0910/document.
Full textContamination of wines by undesired microorganisms may lead to significant deterioration of the final product. To combat these problems, sulfur dioxide (SO2) is the most widely used additive for its antiseptic and antioxidant properties. However, the limitation of chemical inputs in wines is one of the major concerns of consumers and producers. Existing physical stabilization processes (flash pasteurization, tangential filtration) have disadvantages, such as their energy cost or their complex maintenance. Two innovative processes to ensure the microbiological stabilization of wines as an alternative to conventional processes are studied: ultraviolet radiation (UV-C) and ohmic heating. UV-C radiation (100 to 280 nm) is known for its germicidal effect and already applied in the treatment of water and surfaces. However, absorbent liquids, such as wine, strongly limit the penetration depth of the radiation and hence the efficiency of the process. A helical UV-C reactor was developed, based on the hydrodynamic properties of Dean vortices, to improve the efficiency and homogeneity of the treatment. The stabilization performance was validated for the first time as an alternative to the SO2 mutage of sweet wines and before the bottling of finished wines. Moreover, the chemical and sensory analyzes carried out on the treated wines showed no impact on the quality of wines. Ohmic heating is used in this study as a method of thermal stabilization of musts and wines. During the passage of a current through a material having an electrical resistance, the electrical energy is transformed into thermal energy. The heat is then generated inside the material to be treated. The results of this work showed for the first time that heating rate and homogeneity of ohmic heating allow an effective stabilization of musts and wines without affecting their quality
Reynier, Alain. "Modelisation et prediction de la migration des additifs des emballages alimentaires." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMS004.
Full textELYAMANI, ABDESSAMAD. "Synthese de nouveaux verres de chlorofluorozirconates : etude de leurs proprietes physiques et optiques." Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN10053.
Full textBadreddine-Bessa, Anissa. "Etude de la contribution des additions minérales aux propriétés physiques, mécaniques et de durabilité des mortiers." Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/04CERG0305.pdf.
Full textThis work proposes to quantify by a rigorous experimental methodology the effect of mineral additions on the water requirement and the superplasticizer requirement variation of mortars, their contribution to filling the porosity and to improving the mechanical strength, and their action to the transfer properties and to the chemical resistance in hard aggressive medium. The principal mixture proportion variables are the mineralogical nature, fineness and quantity of the addition, the cement type and proportioning. The obtained results show that the additions, independently of their nature and until a certain quantity, contribute to maintain the mortars transfer properties without forming a high volume of new hydrated products able to reduce open porosity. On the other hand, the additions nature and fineness are determining for their contribution to the mechanical strength development and in a lesser extent to the chemical resistance
Badreddine-Bessa, Anissa Gallias Jean-Louis. "Etude de la contribution des additions minérales aux propriétés physiques, mécaniques et de durabilité des mortiers." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/04CERG0305.pdf.
Full textGlaris, Patrice. "Ingénierie de surface de matériaux composites pour l’aéronautique : chimie et topographie de surface, une aide au démoulage ?" Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA1027/document.
Full textCurrently , the molds used for making aircraft composite piecess are made of metal alloys ( FeNi Invar ) popular for their low coefficient of expansion. However, these alloys have several drawbacks ( weight, price , delivery time ) which encourage manufacturers to rotate to other materials. In this context, the epoxy composites / carbon fibers are an interesting altemative given their mechanical properties similar to Invar while combining lightness and ease of implementation . However , with such molds, phenomena of adhesion may occur between the infused epoxy resin constituting the future piece , and the mold itself made of an epoxy resin. Their close nature promotes diffusion phenomena or molecular interactions involved in the adhesion of polymers.The works presented in this thesis is therefore to minimize all phenomena promoting the adhesion between two epoxy resins (one being cured in contact with the second). To do this, the work is focused on sustainable change in the physicochemistry and the surface topography of the epoxy resin component mold. These two parameters are indeed identified as essential for obtaining surfaces prerequisited low wetting character , for good adhesion with a third body. At first , the physicochemistry of the resin surface of the mold was permanently changed using a fluorinated additive grafted beforehand on the epoxy resin. The mechanism of fluorination of the surface has been studied and a critical step in migration of the fluorinated additive towards the air / resin interface during curing has been identified. In a second step , a controlled micrometer scale roughness is applied to the surface of the resin as amended . The surface properties arising are studied and show an accentuation of low wetting character of fluorinated resins . Finally, the properties of interfaces between the modified epoxy resins constituting the mold and blank epoxy resin representing a molded part are studied via a mechanical test. The results obtained ( strength and type of failure ) are put in contact with the surface of the modified epoxy resin properties
Lagrange, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du dopage bore, azote et phosphore dans le diamant." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10210.
Full textDiallo, Oumar. "Recherches sur la méthode de coïncidence et addition : application à 214Po." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4286.
Full textSouriau, Jean-Charles. "Recherche d'un matériau laser monocristallin susceptible de présenter une émission stimulée vers 1550 ou 2000 nm à température ambiante." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10198.
Full textFindik, Busra. "Formulations innovantes pour la résistance au feu de systèmes actifs par addition physique et génération in situ de charges minérales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LYO10117.
Full textOne of Nexans' major challenges is to develop fire-resistant cables for buildings, industry and infrastructure networks. In this context, one of the systems developed is a three-layer insulated electric cable. The main disadvantage of the composite material used in the composition of this electrical cable is its high filler content, necessary to obtain a material that meets the expected electrical and thermal performance. This high filler rate can constitute an obstacle to the fabrication process of the material due to the high viscosity induced, but also deteriorate its final properties such as flexibility and hardness. The alternative strategy developed aiming to reduce the filler rate and thus reduce the viscosity of the materials to facilitate their implementation was to synthesize the fillers directly in the molten polymer. The sol-gel process by which an inorganic phase can be generated in situ during the extrusion process through the use of inorganic precursors is particularly suitable. Indeed, the inorganic precursors can play the role of solvent or plasticizer prior to their reaction, thus making it possible to lower the viscosity of the complete system. From these observations stems the main objective of the work of this thesis, which is to develop fire-resistant materials by integrating charges generated in situ by reactive extrusion in a pre-charged polymer matrix
Jaber, Jana. "Application de la fabrication additive à la modélisation physique des joints et des massifs rocheux, par approches expérimentales et numériques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0071.
Full textThis thesis presents a study of the application of additive manufacturing (known as 3D printing) to rock mechanics. It is part of a larger project aimed at building a 2m3 physical model of an explicit discontinuous rock mass, whose behaviour is mainly controlled by discontinuities. The 3DP technology adopted in this work is selective laser sintering, and the material is Polyamide 12. First, we present the experimental results of the mechanical characterization of artificial rock joints constructed by 3DP. Two joint families are tested. The first is characterized by a fixed aperture (0,4mm), a simplified geometry (planar or sawtooth), and containing rock bridges. The mechanical characterization shows that these joints exhibit a mechanical behavior similar to that of natural rock joints under shear tests, with a cohesion driven by the rock bridges, and a friction angle which depends on the angle of the asperities. The second family consists of joints with more realistic roughnesses, to which a JRC value, commonly used to describe natural joints, can be assigned. Again, experimental results show the potential of artificial joints to reproduce the mechanical behavior of natural joints, and to respect the Barton-Bandis criterion. Experimental studies are coupled with numerical modeling, using the UDEC software, to define the appropriate model that reproduces the experimental results, and to calibrate the mechanical parameters of both joints type. After defining different artificial joints with controlled parameters, cylindrical samples (16 x 32 cm) containing two and eight planar discontinuities with rock bridges are printed and tested under uni-axial compression. This is a first attempt at an explicitly discontinuous physical model containing joints with controlled mechanical behaviour. The mechanical behavior of these samples highlights the influence of discontinuities in controlling the global behavior and resistance of rock masses. The results are then compared to a numerical modeling under 3EDC. Finally, scaling laws are applied to the previous results. The application of scale factors to the experimental results shows the possibility of representing natural rock mass and rock joints with artificial 3DP joints (SLS technique) up to a scale factor on metric dimensions of 1/25
Henry, Alicia. "Compréhension des mécanismes de modification de surface d’élastomères non réticulés consécutifs à une exposition plasma et ses conséquences sur le comportement adhésif." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH8352/document.
Full textPlasma treatment has become a powerful candidate to modify surface properties without any change in bulk properties. It combines high chemical reactivity with low operational costs, in environmentally friendly processes. Plasma treatment has been intensively applied for surface modification of vulcanized rubbers. Almost no studies have been dedicated to plasma treatment of unvulcanized rubbers. The role of each additive during plasma exposure is poorly understood. It is also admitted that surface crosslinking occurs easily on rubber surfaces exposed to plasmas. This impacts the adhesive properties of the rubbers because it mimics chain interdiffusion. In this context, determining the key plasma parameters that have a significant effect on the surface properties is a prerequisite for further process control. To limit the complexity of the study, we concentrated our efforts on unvulcanized filler-free styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and polybutadiene rubber (BR) which has been used for the first time as rubber models. The effect of three main parameters that directly impact the amount of energy and the nature of the excited species in the plasma phase (i.e. the RF source power, the exposure time and the distance between the rubber samples and the plasma) was analyzed. Optical Emission Spectroscopy was used to characterize the plasma phase. Surface modifications were investigated by wettability measurements and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Surface aging was investigated under ambiant and inert atmosphere at different temperatures and finally tack properties were measured and connected to surface properties determined with optical emission spectroscopy
Raffin, Jérémy. "Effets d’un programme de marche « rapide » sur le système nerveux autonome chez le sujet âgé en EHPAD : Effet additif de la neurostimulation transcutanée du SNA." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES056.
Full textPhysical activity constitutes an effective strategy to slow down the age related decline ofphysiological functions. The decrease of the autonomic nervous system activity that occurs with age isassociated with an increase of cardiovascular and mortality risks that could be prevented by regularphysical exercise. In the last few years, a growing field of the scientific research has been focusing onthe therapeutic benefits of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) as a non-drug treatment fornumerous pathologies such as inflammation, pain, depression, and cardiac rhythm disorders. It hasbeen demonstrated that tVNS could enhance the sympathovagal balance toward parasympatheticpredominance. Thus, such a device might constitute an interesting tool to potentiate the favourableeffects of physical exercise on the autonomic nervous system in aged people.The present work focuses on the effects of both physical exercise and transcutaneous vagus nervestimulation on the autonomic nervous system activity in old people. It belongs to a large randomizedclinical trial entitled “Brisk Walking in Nursing Home Residents” (ClinicalTrials.gov ID:NCT03302923) conducted by the Autonomic Nervous System Laboratory (Pr Frédéric Roche) withinthe nursing homes of the Mutualité Française Loire Haute-Loire, France.The first part of this manuscript depicts the scientific rational through six chapters. The first threeones describe the physiological basis of the cardiac autonomic nervous system and its explorationthrough the measure of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity. The next two chapters presentthe evolution of the cardiac autonomic control during the ageing process and the physiologicaladaptations related with chronic and acute physical exercise. The last strand concerns the benefits ofvagus nerve stimulation as a treatment modality of various pathologies, including cardiovasculardisorders.The second part of this work illustrates the results of several investigations conducted within the“Brisk Walking” project. The first study is a meta-analysis gathering aerobic training protocolspublished in people aged 60 and over. It demonstrated a moderate effect of physical exercise with atraining frequency-response relationship on heart rate variability. A second study investigated theeffects of an acute brisk walking exercise associated with tVNS on the cardiac autonomic controlrecovery in the elderly. It demonstrated an enhancement of autonomic resilience through ANSstimulation (Raffin et al. submitted article). A third study explored the effects of a nine month briskwalking training practiced once or thrice a week in institutionalized people. It revealed a favourableeffect on parasympathetic control and on heart rate fragmentation in subjects trained thrice a week.Lastly, an ancillary study enabled us to model the functional responses to walking training and showedthat 14 minutes of brisk walking constitutes an optimal daily dose to enhance the cardiorespiratory andlocomotor functions assessed with the six minute walking test (Busso et al. submitted article).In conclusion, this project demonstrates that regular physical activity induces beneficial effects onthe cardiac autonomic control and functional capacity in institutionalized people aged 60 and over.These benefits might be potentiated by the use of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation. Futurestudies might explore the mechanisms underlying the observations highlighted in this work
Muller, Pierre. "Fabrication additive de pièces multimatériaux." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918030.
Full textBresciani, Christophe. "Simulation numérique de l'hydratation et du développement des propriétés physiques et mécaniques d'une pâte de ciment afin de sélectionner de nouveaux ajouts minéraux." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005221.
Full textFaddoul, Farhoud. "Cinetique chimique de la combustion d'un propergol homogene double-base avec et sans additif." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2322.
Full textChami, Zoubida. "Addition de radicaux aryles generes electrochimiquement sur les olefines." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077031.
Full textKsari-Habiles, Younal. "Magnétisme dans les fullerènes : contribution à l'étude de nouvelles phases magnétiques dérivées de l'intercalation des métaux de terres rares dans le réseau du C60." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10120.
Full textNguyen, Than Son. "Influence de la nature du liant et de la température sur le transport des chlorures dans les matériaux cimentaires." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAT0025.
Full textThe objective of this work is to document the effect of the temperature on the chloride diffusion through cement-based materials. The chloride diffusion coefficient, the penetration profiles and the chloride interactions with the solid phase were highlighted. The materials were CEM I and CEM V/A mortars and pastes. They were cured in wet room (21 ± 2 °C, 90% relative humidity) for 1 month in the case of CEM I and 3 months in the case of CEM V before the experiments started. The temperature levels were 5, 21, 35 and 80 ºC. In addition, microstructure analyses were carried on using X-rays diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The experimental results were then used to continue to develop the numerical code, MsDiff, developed in our research group. A good agreement between the numerical concentration profiles and the experimental ones was found
Alnajjar, Michella. "Corrosion properties of 17-4 PH martensitic stainless steel obtained by additive manufacturing." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEM035.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on the corrosion properties of 17-4 PH precipitation hardenable stainless steel obtained by additive manufacturing, specifically by Selective Laser Melting (SLM).It was shown that the microstructure of 17-4 PH steel fabricated by SLM was ferritic, in contrast to the typical martensitic microstructure of wrought 17-4 PH steel. This was correlated to the high cooling and heating rates (105-106 K/s) experienced during SLM that suppressed the δ ferrite to austenite transformation and retained the δ ferrite until the end of fabrication.A comparative electrochemical study was conducted on both steels. It was found that the SLM-ed steel had superior general corrosion resistance than the wrought steel. This was attributed to the absence of MnS inclusions in the SLM-ed steel. In contrast, in the wrought material, the dissolution of the MnS inclusions resulted in the redeposition of sulphur-rich species all over the surface, which contributed to the destabilization of the passive film.A hydrogen embrittlement study was also conducted. It was found that the SLM-ed ferritic steel was more susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than the wrought martensitic steel. The difference in microstructure, specifically the grain size, played a major role in this difference in behavior. In the SLM-ed ferritic steel subcritical cracking was transgranular and its initation was governed by the stress level and the amount of hydrogen introduced into the material. On the other hand, in the wrought martensitic steel, subcritical cracking was along the prior austenitic grain boundaries and it was shown that its initiation required at least a small amount of plastic deformation
Faure, Herlet Nathalie. "Nouveaux matériaux laser dopés néodyme adaptés au pompage par diodes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10148.
Full textVallée, Daniel. "Mechanical and chemical characterization of the heterogeneous microstructure of green concrete with mineral additions." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30191/30191.pdf.
Full textOne of the main interests of the cement and concrete industries is to better understand the mechanical properties of green concrete systems. This report provides a nano-investigation approach with a one-to-one coupling of the mechanical and chemical responses of ordinary cement pastes and a cement paste with an addition of blast furnace slag. This is achieved by using the technique of nanoindentation and a quantitative investigation of the chemistry by using the scanning electron microscopy coupled with the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The mechanical analysis includes the measurement of a relaxation coe_cient, an extension of the already known theory of the nanoindentation technique. The results are implemented with a deterministic analysis of the chemistry, a method allowing the determination of the nature of an indented area from the atomic ratios measured by using the SEM-EDS on this spot, and which can be directly linked to the mechanical responses measured by the nanoindentation tests. A statistical analysis based on the maximum likelihood estimation is also performed in order to identify the mechanical responses of the di_erent chemical phases present. It is found that the most of the microvolumes probed by the mechanical and chemical investigation are heterogeneous composites with intermixing. We could also determine the mechanical properties of monosulfoalumite and hydrotalcite combined with C_S_H, important hydration products of cements with slag additions.
Jacquier, Vincent. "Étude de l'insertion d’une interface de compatibilité multi-matériaux pour le revêtement par projection laser combinant des métaux immiscibles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0136.
Full textMulti-metal additive manufacturing by laser projection offers new opportunities for the creation of high performance components combining metals with different properties. However, several obstacles limit the freedom of manufacturing, such as the existence of incompatibilities between certain metal pairs, like the formation of brittle intermetallic phases or the overheating of less refractory metals. The control of the process is moreover made complex in view of the numerous phenomena involved and the variations of the composition during the manufacturing process. In this work, coatings combining incompatible metals have been produced by laser projection, thanks to the use of intermediate metals chosen with the help of equilibrium phase thermodynamics. The analysis of early fabrications revealed the importance of the remelting ratio of the melt pool with the underlayer, which allows to generate a composition gradient and avoid the occurrence of defects at the interface between two dissimilar metals. A coating of W on Cu, of interest for the realization of heat sinks in extreme environments, has been achieved through the integration of a succession of miscible metals between the two, as well as composition gradients across the layers. These gradients allowed the progressive increase of the melt pool temperatures from Cu to W. Theoretical tools have been developed and used to better understand the impact of parameters and the evolution of key phenomena during these complex multi-material fabrications. In particular, a numerical simulation model at the melt pool scale has been built, taking into account conduction, deformation and dynamics of the liquid, vaporization, as well as mixing of the elements. The experimental and theoretical analyses of the different deposits highlighted the importance of the melt pool temperature and power on the presence of unmelted refractory particles, the influence of the scanning speed on the dissolution of the particles, and the evolution of the vaporization of less refractory elements when mixing dissimilar metals. Overall, this work contributes to the development of a general methodology for the design, implementation and analysis of multi-material additive manufacturing combining dissimilar metals
Pavlov, Mikhail. "Application des dispositifs de diagnostic optique multi-spectraux dans les procédés de fabrication additive : fusion sélective par laser et projection laser coaxiale." Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENISE007.
Full textThe manuscript contains four chapters including a general introduction presenting the optical diagnostics, followed by a chapter on the application of the selective laser melting and two chapters on a process of laser cladding. Chapter 1 is an introduction to optical diagnostics tools designed to measure the temperature of an object without physical contact. The importance of the choice of the spectral band as a function of temperature is also highlighted. Chapter 2 describes the study the process of selective laser melting. The first part concerns the description of the selective laser melting machine used. On this machine various optical elements have been added for visualization of powder layering process and the molten pool coaxially with the laser beam. Chapter 3 describes the study of laser cladding of titanium carbide and steel powders. This chapter begins with a bibliographical part. Thermal imaging camera (3-5 micron band) and a multi-wavelength pyrometer (1-1. 27 microns) were applied to monitor the zone of laser action. The effects of various operating parameters on the temperature profiles (true and brightness) were examined in detail. The fourth chapter describes the laser cladding on a substrate TA6V with powder of the same composition. A thermal imaging camera (3-5 microns) was applied to obtain the temperature distributions in the laser action zone
Parrot, Jérôme. "W.A.M, Wire Additive Manufacturing : champs des possibles et utilisation raisonnée." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0047/document.
Full textIn Additive Manufacturing (AM), three dimensionalobjects are built layer by layer by joining each layer to the previous one. For metal parts, there are three main methods: powder bed, powder depositionand wire deposition. This latter makes optimal use of the material in contrast to other processes, which makes it very interesting industrially. Indeed, with powder,the ratio between powder used and powder meltedis not equal to one, in opposition of the use of wire. In order to ensure the proper melting of the metal, several methods already exist, including the use of lasers or electric arc. This manuscript presents a novel approach of wire deposition using inductive energy for additive manufacturing applications (WIAM). This approach does not make use of a storage of the molten material. Instead, the tip of a metal wire is melted by an induction heating system. Inductive energy is also used to obtain an optimal thermal gradient between the tip of the wire and the substrate or previous layer. Thesis work concerns the development of this approach by a numerical model, and its experimental validation. It shows that the induction heating system is able to melt the tip of the wire and heat the substrate to create suitable deposition. The microstructure of additive manufacturing stainless steel has been studied. These results have been compared with WAM method. It is shown that the induction heating system gives a microstructure with very low porosities and a microstructure without a sudden change of composition. These preliminary results indicate that Wire Induction Additive Manufacturing (WIAM) is likely to a suitable process for AM but it still needs to be developed
Charvat, Ales. "Etude, réalisation et caractérisation d'un spectromètre d'absorption intracavité à l'aide d'un laser Ti:Saphir." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10223.
Full textPicard, Loïc. "Mise au point d'additifs siliciés pour l'adhérisation d'élastomères silicone sur supports métalliques." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0114.
Full textThis PhD work aimed at developing a stable primer of adhesion, allowing the bonding of all types of silicone elastomers onto a vast majority of metallic surfaces, in a reproducible way. In a first approach, a detailed bibliographic study was performed on the different primer based-silane formulations used for the adhesion of any types of silicone elastomers (HCR, RTV and LSR). To better understand the metal/primer/silicone elastomer system, three primer formulations, including a homemade formulation, and three silicone elastomers were analyzed and their compositions, and adhesive properties, were determined. The characterization of different silicone resins entering in the composition of the homemade primer formulation was also carried out. The latter was optimized by synthetizing new silicone resins, by adjusting the content of each component and by changing the type of catalyst. In a second step, the characterization of the physical chemistry of the primer formulations coated on a metal surface (aluminum) was performed. The topology of the primer films (thickness, roughness and uniformity) and their wettability were determined. These information were completed by the characterization of fracture profiles of the composite part metal/primer/silicone elastomer. Following these additional analyses, the parameter governing the selectivity of a primer formulation for a grade of HCR was isolated and a model curve for the formulation of a polyvalent primer was proposed. This curve was validated by the formulation of a primer which can bond the different grades of HCR selected for this study
Ponche, Rémi. "Conception pour la fabrication additive : application à la projection de poudres." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDN0017.
Full textManufacturers are constantly encountering tough international competition. In order to stay competitive they have to developed new products with time and cost constraints always more significant. In this context, as a ‘tool-less’ and digital approach to manufacture, additive manufacturing presents companies with a wide and expanding range of technical and economic benefits. However, the additive manufacturing processes, as the others, have also their own characteristics and limits. Finally, to take advantages of the technological breakthrough which is additive manufacturing, a new way of designing products is needed. This work deals with the development of a new methodology of design for additive manufacturing. Subdivided in four main steps, the proposed method allows from functional specifications and manufacturing process characteristics to define an optimised part geometry regarding both the functional objectives and the manufacturing constraints. In the first step, manufacturing orientations are chosen from the functional entities and allow to propose a design area. The general topology of the part is then optimised in this area regarding the functional specifications and the global manufacturing constraints. In the third step, the accurate part geometry is generated from a choice of manufacturing trajectories and thanks to the manufacturing process simulation. The fourth and last step is to determine and compare each other the different geometries corresponding to all the possible choices of manufacturing strategy. At the end, the best suitable is selected. The proposed method structure is generic and can be applied to all the additive manufacturing processes. However, the physical phenomena involved during the manufacturing processes are different for each one; the manufacturing constraints can be thus also different. This work deals more specifically with the laser claddingtechnology. Indeed, a physical model of this process has been proposed. It allows to estimate and optimise the manufacturing strategies regarding the functional needs and the manufacturing constraints. This model has been particularly used in the optimisation method of manufacturing paths which has also been developed in this work to manufacture thin wall metal parts
Dujarrier, Alexis. "Effet de la micrοstructure οbtenue par fabricatiοn additive sur le vieillissement sοus irradiatiοn d'alliages ΝΙ-20CR." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC231.
Full textAdditive Manufacturing (AM) of metals is an advanced technology that enables rapid implementation and design optimization of complex parts. It is now used in many industrial sectors, including nuclear. One of the most common processes in AM is Laser Powder Bed Fusion, which results in a particular microstructure that could influence the material's response to irradiation. The objective of this thesis was to study the effect of heavy ion irradiation on the microstructure of AM Ni-20Cr using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), as well as its impact on its mechanical properties, to determine whether AM could be used for nuclear applications. For this purpose, three additive manufacturing strategies and the effect of annealing were studied and compared to a reference material. Various heavy ion irradiation experiments were conducted, on bulk samples as well as on thin foils observed via in situ TEM. In situ experiments allow measuring the defect growth kinetics at low doses and tracking the evolution of certain characteristics.It is thus demonstrated that in all samples, irradiation induces the formation of Frank loops and perfect loops. The manufacturing strategy does not influence the microstructure evolution of AM samples. However, the dendritic cells, characteristic of AM, are dissolved under irradiation. Additionally, a lower density of dislocation loops is measured in the AM samples compared to the annealed and reference samples that show a similar evolution. This is explained by a higher density of defect sinks in the as built AM material. The observed microstructural evolution is linked to the mechanical properties, which are measured by micropillar compression. It is shown that the annealed and reference materials experience an increase in their critical resolved shear stress due to the creation of dislocation loops, whereas the AM material show a decrease due to the dissolution of dislocation cells, superior to the hardening component. These changes are confirmed by the application of the dispersed barrier-hardening model
Lavastre, Eric. "Déclenchement des microlasers solides émettant à 1,55 µm par un dispositif à semiconducteur." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10173.
Full textRosell-Laclau, Eliette. "Addition d'éléments de transition dans les alliages Al-Ni précurseurs des catalyseurs de nickel de Ranay." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0071.
Full textTomey, Lopez Estanislao Pablo. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés structurales et magnétiques des composés intermétalliques de terre rare RFe10,5Mo1,5 : effets des éléments interstitiels H, C et N." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10245.
Full textBigarre, Janick. "Effets des impuretés sur la charge d'espace dans l'alumine : application au frottement." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECDL0007.
Full textDe, Montmorillon Louis-Anne. "Capteur photorefractif d'ultrasons : choix et optimisation d'un matériau holographique ; étude et réalisation d'un prototype. Senseur photorefractif d'ultrasons : choix et optimisation d'un matériau holographique ; étude et réalisation d'un prototype." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1997. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00716009.
Full textLopez, Castano Silvia. "Optimisation des propriétés statiques du Ti-6Al-4V obtenu par Déposition Directe de fil via une analyse multi-échelle des microstructures." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30108.
Full textAdditive manufacturing is of great interest to the aerospace industry in a context of competition to reduce costs and environmental footprint. It is especially attractive for parts made with high value-added materials such as titanium alloys, as is the case of the Ti-6Al-4V. Nowadays, Wire-Direct Energy Deposition processes are receiving particular attention from the industry as they can produce larger metallic parts more quickly than other technologies, making possible the serial production of aircraft components such as the pylon. However, these large-scale additive manufacturing technologies, and in particular the EBAM technique that uses an electron beam as energy source, involve layer thicknesses and melt pool sizes that generate complex thermal histories. These thermal conditions lead at the same time to singular microstructure and/or textures compared to traditional technologies, which would have a direct impact on mechanical properties. Therefore, the main goal of this Ph.D. thesis is to determine the optimal manufacturing conditions regarding the static properties. For this purpose, the identification of the main microstructural characteristics is carried out both at the macrostructure and microstructure scale to better understand the general characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V components obtained by the EBAM technique. The most remarkable aspects are the formation of large columnar β grains crossing several layers and especially the presence of parallel lines perpendicular to the substrate. In the vicinity of these lines, called layer bands, a change in the morphology and size of α lamellae occurs due to different thermal histories generated during the deposition of different layers. A study of the possible influence of this microstructural gradient on the distribution of plastic deformation in relation to the microstructure is performed. A deformation localization with large slip bands is observed just below these layer bands, where a “coarse” basketweave microstructure is present. Once the main characteristics are known, a study of the influence of some key operating parameters (interpass time, beam current, wire feed speed, and travel speed) on different aspects (thermal history, macro/microstructure, chemical composition) is carried out through a complete quantitative analysis with the aim of understanding their influence on the final properties and thus being able to design a guide for the optimization of the static properties. Finally, a β annealing heat treatment has been finally proposed as a possible alternative for the improvement of the mechanical properties
Benmabrouk, Sélia. "Ιnvestigation of the influence of the process parameters on the microstructure and fracture behavior of a Ni20wt.%Cr alloy produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR22.
Full textThe fracture behavior of conventional nickel-based alloys (cast, wrought…) has been studied for decades for structural design purposes. However, the complex microstructure induced by metallic additive manufacturing processes results in different mechanical behaviors, which hinders the use of existing knowledge. To better understand the fracture mechanisms associated with these processes, this PhD research investigates the fracture behavior of a Ni20wt.%Cr alloy produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. The influence of three manufacturing parameters is studied: the building orientation (horizontal or vertical), the rotation angle between layers (67° or 90°), and the volumetric energy density (60 J/mm³ or 90 J/mm³). Crack propagation tests are conducted to determine and compare the fracture properties (fracture toughness and tearing modulus) of each printing strategy. Initial and post-mortem microstructures are analyzed to identify the fracture mechanisms. Results demonstrate that the crack propagation is mainly governed at the microscale, with a strong influence from the grain’s orientation, morphology, and size. Ductility also becomes a key parameter when few differences are noted between the microstructural features of two given printing strategies
PELENC, DENIS. "Elaboration par epitaxie en phase liquide et caracterisation de couches monocristallines de yag dope : realisation de lasers guide d'onde neodyme et ytterbium a faibles seuils." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10171.
Full textFontaine, Frédéric. "Aspects structuraux et électriques de l'implantation ionique de bore dans des couches de diamant." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10226.
Full textDe, sonis Edouard. "Evolution microstructurale de l'acier 316L élaboré par fabrication additive (LPBF et WAAM) et influence sur son comportement à rupture." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLM002.
Full textThis thesis investigates the relationships between the microstructure and fracture behavior of austenitic 316L stainless steels produced by two additive manufacturing processes. To this end, several microstructures were manufactured using the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) and Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) processes. Various heat treatments were then applied to the consolidated samples, with the aim of developing their microstructures in a controlled manner (stress relieving, homogenization, recrystallization). A particular attention was paid to the recrystallization kinetics of these steels, which are very different from those observed in conventional 316L steels. Finally, the materials were tested for impact and/or fracture toughness.In the case of 316L steel produced using the LPBF process, a comparative study of deformation and fracture mechanisms enabled to determine the influence of microstructural features on the impact and fracture toughness behavior. Among these features, the nanometric oxides present in these materials at the end of the manufacturing process appeared to have a significant influence on fracture mechanisms, the latter occurring through decohesion at the oxide/matrix interfaces. After recrystallization, ripening of these oxides at recrystallized grain boundaries led to a significant drop in resistance to crack initiation and propagation. Correlations between impact toughness and fracture toughness have been established. The low-temperature impact toughness values (down to - 193°C) of various microstructures were compared with those of 316L steels either wrought or produced by hot isostatic pressing. As these trends appeared similar, it was concluded that the microstructural features specific to LPBF 316L steel did not have any significant influence on the sensitivity of its impact toughness to temperature.Regarding the WAAM-manufactured 316L steel, a more limited experimental campaign, based on the results obtained after LPBF, was used to determine the influence of microstructural features on the fracture behavior. Fracture mechanisms similar to those of LPBF 316L were observed: failure occurred by decohesion of the oxide (in this case submicrometer-sized) / matrix interfaces. Conversely, recrystallization treatments were beneficial to the impact toughness of this steel, as they did not induce the localization of oxides at grain boundaries. Lastly, the δ-ferrite present in the microstructure of as-built WAAM 316L induced brittle fracture of the material at - 193°C
Acapito, Francesco d'. "Étude structurale de verres silicates dopés au cuivre et à l'argent." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10105.
Full textBoulvert, Jean. "Traitements acoustiques à porosité contrôlée pour atténuation optimale." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LEMA1033.
Full textThis thesis exploits some of the new possibilities offered by additive manufacturing to design and optimize treatments for sound attenuation consisting in porous materials. Additive manufacturing allows to control individually each pore of a material. The porous treatment design process is turned upside down: instead of searching through a catalogue of existing materials to solve a problem, it is possible to directly design the right material by adjusting its microstructure. This research is part of a plan to reduce aircraft engine noise but extends beyond the aeronautical field, both theoretically and in terms of possible applications. A predicting method of the acoustic behaviour of porous materials produced by additive manufacturing and taking into account the impact of manufacturing defects is first introduced. Porous materials with controlled graded properties are then studied. A method for optimizing microstructural or manufacturing parameters is developed. The ability of graded porous materials to attenuate frequencies too low to be attenuated by non-graded materials is then proven and the optimal gradient for broadband attenuation is defined. The impact of the wall thickness of the pores along with the impact of transverse propagation inside porous materials is studied. Finally, a metaporous treatment allowing broadband and sub-wavelength absorption is developed. The results of this research can be applied to create porous treatments with a high noise attenuation. The analytical and numerical models used in this research are based on the hypothesis of porous materials acoustically behaving as equivalent fluids. The results are physically analyzed and experimentally validated through impedance tube testing of specimens produced by additive manufacturing
Ellouze, Mohamed. "Synthèse et effet de la substitution limitée et de l'insertion d'atomes (H,C et N) sur les caractéristiques cristallographiques et magnétiques des composés R2Fe17." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0166.
Full textRefai, Khalil. "Effet de la méso-architecture sur le comportement en fatigue des structures lattices optimisées obtenues par fabrication additive." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE028.
Full textA numerical approach is proposed to assess the high cycle fatigue strength of periodic cellular structures produced by SLM under multiaxial loads. The model is based on a general numerical homogenisation scheme and an explicit description of the Elementary Cell combined to an extreme values analysis making use of a fatigue indicator parameter based on Crossland’s criterion. Also, geometric discrepancy and surface roughness are experimentally characterised and considered in the numerical model using three methods which are compared to the experimental fatigue strength. Topology optimisation (TO) pushes the boundaries of design freedom even further. In our study, Topology Optimisation was developed to prevent fatigue failure using SIMP method revisited and reformulated within the mathematical framework of Non-Uniform Rational BSpline functions
Buzzi, Christophe. "Développement de bolomètres monolithiques silicium refroidis à 0,3 K pour le satellite FIRST (Far Infrared and Submillimetre Telescope)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10116.
Full textBadin, Sophie. "Relations entre paramètres d’un procédé d’impression 3D MIM-like et performances mécaniques de structures en acier inoxydable 316L." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CLIL0023.
Full textMetal additive manufacturing has experienced significant growth in recent years, with applications spreading across various sectors such as aerospace, automotive, and medical. However, the most common processes, like powder bed fusion, present notable limitations, whether due to safety concerns from using volatile metal powders; or economic challenges, with high equipment and operational costs. In response to these challenges, new technologies have emerged, inspired by the metal injection molding (MIM) process and based on material extrusion. These technologies, often referred to as 'MIM-like,' use a mixture of polymers and metal powders, deposited layer by layer, followed by a debinding stage to remove the polymers, and then sintering to densify the final part.These innovations significantly reduce equipment costs and eliminate the risks associated with handling unbound powders. However, the debinding and sintering processes are still mostly carried out in expensive industrial furnaces, contradicting the initial goal of cost reduction ; or in proprietary equipment, limiting research and customization possibilities.The primary objective of this thesis is to develop an economical sintering strategy, adaptable to an accessible laboratory furnace, while ensuring performances comparable to those obtained with industrial processes. Stainless steel 316L, widely studied in the literature, was chosen as the material for this study, facilitating comparisons with existing work. This steel is typically sintered under a hydrogen atmosphere, a highly flammable gas requiring expensive leak detection and risk management systems. Therefore, alternatives to hydrogen have been explored, including argon, nitrogen, a nitrogen-hydrogen mix (90%/10%), as well as primary vacuum. This study thus provides an overview of the effects of these different sintering atmospheres on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the produced parts, comparing them to industrial conditions and MIM process standards.Finally, one of the major advantages of additive manufacturing is its ability to produce complex and lightweight parts that are impossible to create using conventional processes. While most research on extrusion processes focuses on optimizing solid parts, this thesis focuses on printing lightweight structures. A specific infill pattern was selected, and the influence of the infill density and the number of walls was studied through bending tests, analyzed using digital image correlation. These experiments aim to provide guidelines for the design and optimization of printed structural parts
Vert, Rénald. "Propriétés magnétiques et structurales des composés magnétiques anisotropes de la famille RFe12-xMxZy (R= élément de terre rare, M = élément stabilisateur, Z = élément interstitiel)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10220.
Full textYounsi, Akli. "Carbonatation de bétons à forts taux de substitution du ciment par des additions minérales." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROS342/document.
Full textCement is the main source of environmental impacts of concrete use. It is thus recognized that the most pragmatic solution for minimizing environmental impacts of concrete is the reduction of the cement content. This could be achieved by replacing a part of cement by mineral additions such as fly ash or blast-furnace slag during concrete mixing.The present work aims at studying the physico-chemical phenomena occurring during the process of carbonation of concrete mixtures with high substitution rates of cement by mineral additions and their resistance against this type of attack.An experimental campaign was conducted on reference concrete mixtures prepared with common cements and on other concrete mixtures, called “Écobétons” (Green concretes), prepared by replacing a part of cement by fly ash or blast-furnace slag. The study focused on the Écobétons durability, especially their resistance against carbonation, on the equivalence of Écobétons performances with the reference mixtures performances and on the composition and microstructure parameters controlling the kinetics of carbonation. Carbonation has been studied in natural and accelerated conditions. The results show that Écobétons mixtures with high substitution rates of cement by fly ash (50 %) and blast-furnace slag (75 %) could replace, in some cases, concretes that are in accordance with the current standard.In addition to the experimental study, numerical simulations of the coupling between hydration and drying were conducted in order to determine the effect of drying on the properties controlling the accelerated carbonation kinetics of the studied concrete mixtures (porosity, Portlandite content and water saturation degree). The results show that the kinetics of drying increases with the degree of substitution of cement by mineral additions. They also question the relevance of the preconditioning of the samples during accelerated carbonation test conducted according to the French standard XP P 18-458