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1
Denis, Cécile. "Version française modifiée de l'Addiction Severity Index : rationnel, description et validation des sections Tabac et Jeu / Jeu d'argent et de Hasard." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21669/document.
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Pour appréhender l'ensemble du problème addictif et proposer une prise en charge appropriée, une évaluation multifactorielle est nécessaire. Les données récentes soulignent que le champ des addictions aux substances doit être étendu au champ des addictions comportementales. Une des lacunes dans la compréhension des troubles addictifs et de leur prise en charge pourrait être due à un manque d'outils d'évaluation standardisés qui évaluent l'ensemble des composantes de l'addiction et leurs répercussions dans différents domaines de la vie du sujet. Dans le champ des addictions aux substances, l'Addiction Severity Index (ASI) est l'outil le plus utilisé mondialement. L'ASI est un instrument qui évaluent les sujets pour la clinique ou la recherche. En France, notre groupe de recherche utilise l'ASI depuis 1992 pour la clinique et la recherche. Nous avons décidé de modifier l'ASI en y ajoutant de nouvelles sections. Depuis 2006, la version française modifiée de l'ASI présente donc des items évaluant l'usage de tabac (Section Tabac) et également des items permettant l'évaluation des comportements addictifs sans substance comme le jeu, le jeu d'argent et de hasard et les troubles du comportement alimentaire. L'objectif général de cette thèse était d'étudier la validité de la version française modifiée de l'Addiction Severity Index (ASI) chez des sujets pris en charge pour au moins une addiction dans des centres de soins spécialisés en addictologie. Les résultats montraient une très bonne validité des données de consommations de substances rapportées par les sujets. Les sections Tabac et Jeu / Jeu d'argent et de hasard avaient été montrées comme valides. La version modifiée de l'ASI semble être un bon outil permettant l'évaluation de la sévérité de l'ensemble des comportements addictifs. Cette adaptation fait de l'ASI modifié le premier outil qui permet d'évaluer l'ensemble des troubles addictifs et qui ne mesure pas uniquement la quantité, la durée et l'intensité de ces troubles. Elle va permettre d'aider le clinicien à mettre en place une prise en charge la plus adaptée et aux chercheurs de caractériser et de comparer les différentes addictions afin de dégager des différences et des similitudesA multidimensional assessment is key to understand the addiction problem and to develop an appropriate treatment plan. Recent findings support the scope that addictive disorders should include non-substance use disorders. A significant problem in understanding and managing the addictive disorders may be related to the lack of standardized instruments for assessing problems or other aspects of life that are affected by these pathologies. For the assessment of substance users exists a widely used instrument, the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). The ASI is an instrument that assesses subjects for both clinical and research purposes. In France, our research group used the ASI since 1992 for both clinical and research purposes. We decided to modify the French translation of the ASI and added some new items. Since 2006, the French modified ASI includes items to assess tobacco use but also non-substance addictive behaviors including gaming, gambling and eating disorders. The overall objective of this dissertation was to assess the validity of the French modified ASI in several samples of clients who sought treatment in outpatient addiction clinics. The findings showed a good validity of the self-reported substance use. The validity of the Tobacco section as well as the Gaming/Gambling section have been shown. The French modified ASI is a suitable instrument for assessing any type of addiction-related disorders. This adaptation makes the modified ASI the first instrument that assesses all possible addictive behaviors regardless of the type of the addiction and that measures more than just the quantity, duration, and intensity of addictive behaviors. ASI may be helpful for clinicians in helping them to design the best treatment plans for a patient, for policy makers to objectively understand the need in treatment, care centers or other institutions but also for researchers to measure contemporary issues in addiction treatment and to find similarities and differences between type of addiction
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García-García, Isabel, Annette Horstmann, María Angeles Jurado, Maite Garolera, Shereen J. Chaudhry, Daniel S. Margulies, Arno Villringer, and Jane Neumann. "Reward processing in obesity, substance addiction and non-substance addiction." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-196512.
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Similarities and differences between obesity and addiction are a prominent topic of ongoing research. We conducted an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis on 87 studies in order to map the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response to reward in participants with obesity, substance addiction and non-substance (or behavioural) addiction, and to identify commonalities and differences between them. Our study confirms the existence of alterations during reward processing in obesity, non-substance addiction and substance addiction. Specifically, participants with obesity or with addictions differed from controls in several brain regions including prefrontal areas, subcortical structures and sensory areas. Additionally, participants with obesity and substance addictions exhibited similar blood-oxygen-level-dependent fMRI hyperactivity in the amygdala and striatum when processing either general rewarding stimuli or the problematic stimuli (food and drug-related stimuli, respectively). We propose that these similarities may be associated with an enhanced focus on reward – especially with regard to food or drug-related stimuli – in obesity and substance addiction. Ultimately, this enhancement of reward processes may facilitate the presence of compulsive-like behaviour in some individuals or under some specific circumstances. We hope that increasing knowledge about the neurobehavioural correlates of obesity and addictions will lead to practical strategies that target the high prevalence of these central public health challenges.
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García-García, Isabel, Annette Horstmann, María Angeles Jurado, Maite Garolera, Shereen J. Chaudhry, Daniel S. Margulies, Arno Villringer, and Jane Neumann. "Reward processing in obesity, substance addiction and non-substance addiction." Obesity reviews 2014, 11: 853 - 869, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14428.
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Similarities and differences between obesity and addiction are a prominent topic of ongoing research. We conducted an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis on 87 studies in order to map the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response to reward in participants with obesity, substance addiction and non-substance (or behavioural) addiction, and to identify commonalities and differences between them. Our study confirms the existence of alterations during reward processing in obesity, non-substance addiction and substance addiction. Specifically, participants with obesity or with addictions differed from controls in several brain regions including prefrontal areas, subcortical structures and sensory areas. Additionally, participants with obesity and substance addictions exhibited similar blood-oxygen-level-dependent fMRI hyperactivity in the amygdala and striatum when processing either general rewarding stimuli or the problematic stimuli (food and drug-related stimuli, respectively). We propose that these similarities may be associated with an enhanced focus on reward – especially with regard to food or drug-related stimuli – in obesity and substance addiction. Ultimately, this enhancement of reward processes may facilitate the presence of compulsive-like behaviour in some individuals or under some specific circumstances. We hope that increasing knowledge about the neurobehavioural correlates of obesity and addictions will lead to practical strategies that target the high prevalence of these central public health challenges.
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Ginley, Meredith K. "Neuroscience of Addiction." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8882.
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Башлак, Ірина Анатоліївна, Ирина Анатольевна Башлак, Iryna Anatoliivna Bashlak, and Z. Kozlov. "Video games addiction." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13503.
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Cottam, Pamela N. "A Basic Addiction." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1590754018637938.
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Garris, Bill R., and Mary M. Klug. "Stopping Internet Addiction." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3148.
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Holmgren, Johan. "Addiction to smartphone games : Using smartphone game components to create an addiction." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121946.
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Smartphone games are very popular and have the highest revenue of all smartphone application categories. Some even suggest that the the games can create an addiction. This addiction has however not been classified as a disorder and the components in the games that create an addiction have not been determined. This thesis had two goals. The first was to investigate and identify addictive components in smartphone games. The second goal was to use these components to develop an addictive proof of concept smartphone game prototype. The prototype was also to be evaluated regarding usability and how well it included the addictive components. The components in these games that create an addiction were identified using a literature study. After establishing a theoretical framework, eight different areas of addictive smartphone game components were found. These areas were further condensed into 16 guidelines of how to make a smartphone game addictive. The guidelines were used to create a prototype which later was evaluated with a supervised play test, a short interview, a usability questionnaire and a survey with questions regarding how well the guidelines were implemented. The usability of the game prototype was regarded as good and 13 of 14 implemented guidelines received positive results in the survey. In addition to this, all test users also regarded the game prototype as fun to play and wanted to play it again. Based on these results, the implemented smartphone game prototype was concluded to be addictive.
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Hanson, Craig A. "Addiction Rationality and responsibility /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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VIANNA, ALEXANDRA DE GOUVEA. "DUG ADDICTION AND PSYCHOANALYSIS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29214@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A tese apresenta um estudo sobre as toxicomanias pelo viés psicanalítico. O ponto de vista que preside o trabalho é o de que o sujeito toxicômano dirige um apelo ao Outro através do uso da droga para que a função paterna se faça presente. Sob essa perspectiva, o uso da droga comporta uma mensagem dirigida ao Outro para que um corte seja operado na relação sem limites construída com a droga. Não trataremos dos efeitos orgânicos produzidos pelo uso da substância, mas da função sempre singular que a droga pode ocupar um sujeito. No primeiro capítulo, a introdução, será circunscrito o objeto de nosso trabalho: as toxicomanias. Já no segundo capítulo examinaremos o fenômeno das drogas na perversão, na neurose e na psicose. No terceiro capítulo, lançaremos um olhar sobre o uso da droga através dos conceitos de supereu, satisfação pulsional, ideal do eu e pulsão de morte. No quarto capítulo estudaremos o significante na dialética do desejo a fim de localizar o lugar da droga para o sujeito. Trabalharemos também a construção das relações de dependência que antecedem a dependência à droga em si e como o uso da mesma pode servir como um apelo ao pai. Em seguida, partindo da hipótese de que a fragilidade ou inoperância da função paterna propicia a compulsão ao objeto droga como um modo de dar conta da angústia provocada pelos efeitos da castração, investigaremos a problemática da droga a partir do significante Nome-do-Pai e da Metáfora paterna.
The thesis presents a study of addictions through the psychoanalytic point of view. The view that presides the study is that the fellow addict runs an appeal to the Other through the use of the drug to make the paternal function present. From this perspective, the drug contains a message addressed to another so that a cut should be operated in the relationship without limits built with the drug. It will not treat the organic effects produced by the use of the substance, but the unique function that the drug might occupy a person. In the first chapter, the introduction, the object of the work will be circumscribed: the addictions. In the second chapter it will examine the phenomenon of drugs in perversion, in neurosis and psychosis. In the third chapter, it will launch a glimpse into the drug through the concepts of superego, drive satisfaction, ego ideal and the death drive. In the fourth chapter it will present the construction of dependence relations in addictions and how drug use can serve as a call to a father. We will also study the signifier in the dialectic of the desire in order to locate the place of the drug to the addict. Then, assuming that the weakness or ineffectiveness of the paternal function provides the compulsion to object drug as a way to solve the anguish caused by the effects of castration, it will investigate the drug problem from the significant Name of the Father and the paternal metaphor.
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Rudén, Ludvig. "Neurobiology of opioid addiction." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15735.
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Since the use of opioids started to emerge for analgesic reasons in the 19th century with the synthetization of morphine, opioids have been studied rigorously to better understand its effects on the brain. This thesis shows that both the analgesic effects and the reinforcing effects of opioids are mediated by the same receptor, the mu opioid receptor (MOR). MOR activity has been correlated to both primary and secondary reinforcers and should be considered to cause positive reinforcement together with increases in dopamine transmission for all drugs of abuse, and not only in relation to opioids. Opioid tolerance, dependence and even addiction are to some extent thought to relate to opioids’ acute effect of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) superactivation. Based upon these findings, the allostasis theory of addiction is considered to be the most suitable in defining opioid addiction. The theory claims that the mesolimbic dopamine system becomes sensitized, increasing the attractiveness of opioids. This while counteradaptation increases the pleasurable tolerance of opioids, encouraging the user to increase its intake for the same initial reward. Furthermore the theory claims that cAMP superactivation is causing an unfolding effect of neurobiological and neurochemical expressions which leads to the disorder of addiction. cAMP superactivation is mediating the negatively reinforcing aspects of opioid addiction together with changes to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the brain stress system, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the extended amygdala.
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Hartley, Amanda R. "Food Addiction and Bulimia." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1322016328.
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Halverson, Lance Hale. "Addiction and the gospel." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Dougherty, Janis Ruden Ronald A. "The pathology of addiction /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11763.
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Douglass, Megan. "UNDERSTANDING THE FEMALE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF SEXUAL ADDICTION AND THE ROLE OF ADDICTION TREATMENT." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3952.
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Beginning with the diagnosis of nymphomania in the 19th Century, there has been widespread and continued interest across the mental health and bio-medical realm of what constitutes normality of female sexual behavior, and of the boundary at which sexual desire is deemed to be excessive, and thus abnormal. However, research questions that specifically investigate the subjective female voice and perspective in considerations of so-called hypersexuality or sex addiction remain understudied. This research project proposes to examine the cultural pathways and systemic foundations which have historically in the West problematized female sexuality by investigating women s own perceptions of sexual addiction and their experiences in seeking (or not) addiction treatment. In addition, this research project proposes to investigate the perceptions of therapists (psychologists and psychiatrists) who treat hypersexual female patients, in order to examine their beliefs about the cultural and biological genesis of the disorder, and its appearance in female patients. Theoretically, this project aims to move away from the concept of individualized bodies suffering singularly from (dis)ease and abnormality, and investigate the ways in which Western cultural notions of normal female sexuality shape women s self-perceptions and notions about sexual deviance.M.A.
Department of Anthropology
Sciences
Anthropology MA
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Webb, Michael Blair. "Addiction and the law : a case-study of the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act." University of Canterbury. School of Law, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2567.
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The thesis presents a case study of New Zealand's Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act 1966 - a civil commitment law used to detain alcoholics and drug addicts for up to two years in state-certified residential treatment facilities. The thesis positions itself as a call for legislative reform. The central argument is that the Act is an anachronistic and potentially draconian piece of social legislation which has no place on the modern-day New Zealand statute book. In the first part of the thesis, Chapter 1 introduces the research, outlines the structure and methodology of the thesis, and locates the study within a wider tradition of scholarship on the management of people with alcohol problems. Chapter 2 summarises the analytical framework that is used to evaluate the Act, attaching particular importance to both the philosophical traditions and the practical strategies of harm minimisation and therapeutic jurisprudence. Chapter 3 gives a positivist reading of the legislation : outlining the evolution of the Act, essaying its major provisions, and noting the efforts that have been made to refine or reform the statute since it was passed in the mid-1960s. Chapter 4 draws on the limited amount of data available to describe how the Act is currently operating 'on the ground'. In the second part of the thesis, the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act is put into a comparative context by describing examples of similar-type statutes that exist in two other jurisdictions. Chapter 5 focuses on the New South Wales Inebriates Act 1912; Chapter 6 focuses on the Swedish Act on Care of Addicts in Certain Cases 1989. The final part of the thesis builds a case for reform of the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act. Chapter 7 identifies various practical and clinical problems with the Act, which mean that the statute does not work in instrumental terms. It is submitted that the Act cannot be said to make better provision for the care and treatment of alcoholics. Chapter 8 highlights several legal and philosophical difficulties with the Act, which mean that the legislation does not work in value terms. It is submitted that the Act is offensive to the right to refuse treatment and fundamentally conflicts with the principles of individual autonomy and informed consent. Chapter 9 proposes three options for reforming the Act, expressing a preference for the outright repeal of the statute. Finally, Chapter 10 draws conclusions from the preceding discussion, and speculates on the likelihood that the recommended reforms will be implemented.
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Clark, Jonathan. "Heroin Addiction Recovery : A qualitative study on how individuals recovered from habitual heroin addiction." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103754.
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Bou, Serhal Rola. "Addiction à l’internet et aux smartphones chez les étudiants universitaires et sa corrélation avec d’autres addictions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAJ138.
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Dans l’objectif d’étudier le changement du comportement vis-à-vis de l’internet et des smartphones durant le confinement, et de comprendre l’impact du covid-19 sur le bien-être, les troubles liés à l’usage de substances, et le trouble de la dépendance à l’internet, deux études transversales en ligne étaient menées au Liban et en France. Les résultats ont montré le changement vers un usage problématique de l’internet et des smartphones durant le confinement. Le temps en ligne et des activités spécifiques prédisaient ce changement de comportement. Le bien-être n’était pas un facteur modérateur de l’impact du covid-19 sur les dépendances. Les facteurs prédicteurs du bien-être, de la dépendance à la nicotine, à l’alcool, et aux substances, et de l’usage problématique de l’internet et des smartphones étaient présentésTo assess the internet and smartphones behaviour change during confinement, and to understand the impact of covid-19 on wellbeing, substance use disorder, and internet addiction disorder, two cross sectional online studies were conducted in Lebanon and France. Results showed a change towards a problematic use of internet and smartphones during confinement. The time passed online, as well as certain specific activities predicted this behaviour change. Wellbeing was not a mediator of the effect of covid-19 infection on addictions. Predictors of wellbeing, nicotine abuse, alcohol dependence, substances abuse, and problematic internet and smartphone use were presented
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Plesh, Andrew Bohdan. "Gambling addiction and life meaning." online access from Digital dissertation consortium access full-text, 1999. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1397972.
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Birchard, Thaddeus. "Sexual addiction : a psychotherapeutic approach." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2004. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6461/.
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This research project contains a first proposal, a second proposal, and an examination of the decision to change from the first to the second, and four products of the research. This was an aborted interview-intensive qualitative research initiative with paedophile sexual offenders. The second was the development of a treatment and training programme for sexual addiction. The change from the first to the second was caused by the secondary trauma that followed exposure to the primary trauma of others. The four products principally cover the following subjects: 1) narcissistic damage, sexual addiction and religious behaviour; 2) causation issues in sexual abuse in the church; 3) researching sensitive and distressing topics; 4) treatment and training issues in sexual addiction. The fourth product was preceded by a quantitative research project. The whole of the above is anchored in the story of a personal journey and includes an analysis of the theory of sexual addiction.
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Reagan, Andrew Shawn. "Drug Addiction and Personal Responsibility." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/63.
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This project examines drug addiction and personal responsibility from the perspective of three different types of theories of addiction: full responsibility, diminished responsibility, and no responsibility. The rational theory of addiction is the fully responsibility theory. The philosophical insights by R. Jay Wallace and George Graham are the diminished responsibility theories. Berridge and Robinson’s Incentive Salience theory of drug addiction is the no responsibility theory examined. My conclusion is that diminished responsibility frameworks are the most suitable in a therapeutic context because they are most sensitive to relevant normative aspects.
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Cheng, Lai-fung Gordon, and 鄭禮鋒. "Biopsychosocial implications of heroin addiction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207203.
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Heroin abuse is devastating to both the individual abusers and society. Owing to its ability to elicit rapid feelings of euphoria and transcendent relaxation, coupled with adverse withdrawal effects, it is one of the most addictive illicit drugs of abuse. The severe and persistent socio-economic detriment caused by heroin abuse signifies an urgent need for understanding how this substance affects abusers. Currently, scientific research into the biopsychosocial functioning of heroin abusers is limited. This thesis presents a series of three studies that sought to contribute to our understanding of how biopsychosocial functioning may be influenced by the abuse of heroin.
This thesis contains three studies that drew on a large-scale data collection process, involving the collection of neurobiological, psychosocial, molecular, and neurocognitive measures in both abstinent heroin abusers and matched healthy controls. Study One aimed to identify the neurobiological deficits in relation to heroin abuse. It was revealed that heroin abuse was associated with widespread brain structural atrophy, and such atrophy was more profound with a more severe heroin abuse profile. Study Two aimed to identify the neurobiological substrates of the heroin abusers’ personality traits. It was revealed that the heroin abusers’ pathological sensation seeking trait was underpinned by structural integrity of the midbrain and the functional connectivity between the midbrain and the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortices were connected in differential ways with the midbrain in relation to heroin abusers’ sensation seeking tendency. Finally, Study Three aimed to examine an untested hypothesis that the abuse of heroin accelerates the aging process. It was revealed that heroin abusers had a significantly low telomerase activity level, which reflected acceleration of cellular aging. Moreover, heroin use and telomerase activity interacted to impact on brain structures and functional networks that are closely linked with aging. These brain functional networks were found to correlate with behavioural performance in the respective cognitive domains, further supporting the behavioural relevance of these abnormal brain networks. Altogether, these findings have yielded a convergence of understanding of the detrimental effects of heroin use on its abusers.
Theoretically, the current findings support the neurobiological models that assign the prefrontal cortex as the core neuropathology of drug addiction, and also recognize the importance of investigating into brain regions that have incidentally but frequently been found to be influenced by the abuse of heroin. Clinically, the current findings suggest new directions for the assessment, conceptualization and interventions for people affected by drug addiction. These implications pave the way for studies that seek to further understand and remediate the biopsychosocial sabotage caused by substance abuse.published_or_final_version
Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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McCartney, J. "Perceptions of addiction and change." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373561.
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Liddiard, Heather. "Neuropsychological deficits following opiate addiction." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246051.
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O'Brien, Francesco. "Resisting Addiction as Irresistible Compulsion." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1915.
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The word ‘addiction’ has been receding from official vocabularies, replaced most often by ‘substance abuse’. Despite this, the term remains common in colloquial speech and has increasingly spread to describe excessive consumption not only of substances but of the Internet, clothing, and slot machines, to name just a few. What do we mean when we speak of addiction? Most often it is invoked as a defense against accountability, a fact at odds with the massive resources devoted to the criminalization of drug use in the United States. Treating ‘addicts’ as fully responsible for their actions seems unfair, but so does imaging them to have no role in their predicament. This paper seeks to explore how two authors — Gary Watson and Gerda Reith — have rejected the notion of addiction as irresistible compulsion. The result is that a reliable methodology of determining individual accountability seems implausible and so, drawing on Aristotle, I propose that we redirect our efforts, resources, and mindsets with regard to treating addiction.
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Mansuri, A., and Iryna Grygorivna Herasymiuk. "INTERNET ADDICTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." Thesis, Вищий державний навчальний заклад України «Буковинський державний медичний університет», 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/15616.
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Langley, Alex. "Correlates of Video Game Addiction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33181/.
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Video game addiction often leads to a tremendous burden on those afflicted with the condition, draining their time, resources, and life away until they have nothing left. To further elucidate the problem of video game addiction, the current research examines the level of video game addiction of 111 participants, along with their motivation for their addictive behaviors, the quality of life of addicted individuals, and possible relations between video game addiction and other forms of addiction. Results of the current research indicate a correlation between addictive video game use and depression, alcohol use, a desire for escapism, a need for social interaction, and lack of self-control. The results of a multiple regression indicate that, amongst the various research factors, depression is the factor with the most significant link to addictive video game use, implying a dangerous correlation between mental health and an addictive behavior that some erroneously disqualify as a true addiction.
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Nelson, David L. "Toward a theology of addiction." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
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Toussaint, L., J. R. Webb, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Self-Forgiveness, Addiction, and Recovery." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/470.
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Book Summary: The present volume is a ground-breaking and agenda-setting investigation of the psychology of self-forgiveness. It brings together the work of expert clinicians and researchers working within the field, to address questions such as: Why is self-forgiveness so difficult? What contexts and psychological experiences give rise to the need for self-forgiveness? What approaches can therapists use to help people process difficult experiences that elicit guilt, shame and self-condemnation? How can people work through their own failures and transgressions? Assembling current theories and findings, this unique resource reviews and advances our understanding of self-forgiveness, and its potentially critical function in interpersonal relationships and individual emotional and physical health. The editors begin by exploring the nature of self-forgiveness. They consider its processes, causes, and effects, how it may be measured, and its potential benefits to theory and psychotherapy. Expert clinicians and researchers then examine self-forgiveness in its many facets; as a response to guilt and shame, a step toward processing transgressions, a means of reducing anxiety, and an essential component of, or, under some circumstances a barrier to, psychotherapeutic intervention. Contributors also address self-forgiveness as applied to diverse psychosocial contexts such as addiction and recovery, couples and families, healthy aging, the workplace, and the military.
Among the topics in the Handbook: An evolutionary approach to shame-based self-criticism, self-forgiveness and compassion. Working through psychological needs following transgressions to arrive at self-forgiveness. Self-forgiveness and health: a stress-and-coping model. Self-forgiveness and personal and relational well-being. Self-directed intervention to promote self-forgiveness. Understanding the role of forgiving the self in the act of hurting oneself.
The Handbook of the Psychology of Self-Forgiveness serves many healing professionals. It covers a wide range of problems for which individuals often seek help from counselors, clergy, social workers, psychologists and physicians. Research psychologists, philosophers, and sociologists studying self-forgiveness will also find it an essential handbook that draws together the advances made over the past several decades, and identifies important directions for the road ahead.
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Malkus, Amy J. "The Adolescent Brain and Addiction." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4311.
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Scalese, Adam Michael. "Understanding the Processes and Outcomes of the LDS Addiction Recovery Program's Pornography Addiction Support Groups." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8593.
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This study qualitatively investigated the processes and outcomes associated with the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints’ (LDS) Addiction Recovery Program (ARP), with a specific focus on their Pornography Addiction Support Group (PASG) meetings. Researchers interviewed 24 (21 males, 3 females) individuals with varying experiences in PASG meetings. Their interview content was broken down into themes. Primary findings suggest that PASG participants experience a significant amount of shame due to their pornography use behaviors. Member-to-member sharing in meetings facilitates self-compassion and lessens shame. Participants reported strong spiritual process in PASG meetings and some spiritual outcomes. Attendance in PASG meetings impacts the way participants viewed their treatment conceptualization, problematic pornography use (PPU) behaviors, self, and God. Further, negative aspects of PASG meetings include the use of an addiction model, a focus on PPU behaviors, and some shaming experiences.
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Cheung, Ieng. "Social networking site addiction in Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2589390.
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Dockner, Engelbert J., and Gustav Feichtinger. "Cyclical Consumption Patterns and Rational Addiction." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1991. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6278/1/WP_5.pdf.
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Wang, Lujiaozi, and Siyu Zhu. "Online Game Addiction Among University Students." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-13757.
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This thesis is about the effects of online game addiction on both Swedish and Chinese undergraduate students at University of Gävle, Sweden. It aims at investigating the impact that online games have on undergraduate students at University of Gävle, Sweden. As most of the previous researchers in this area conducted a quantitative research, we decided to do a qualitative research which can help us to get a deeper and better understanding of online game addiction.
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Keyworth, Helen. "Nicotine addiction : behavioural and neurochemical mechanisms." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606818.
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Few attempts "to quit smoking are successful, making current interventions relatively ineffective. Evidence shows that exercise decreases nicotine withdrawal symptoms in humans, but the mechanism is unclear. Part of this thesis aimed to explore the mechanisms underpinning the effect of exercise on nicotine withdrawal in both human and animal models of nicotine addiction. The role of perception of exercise intensity was investigated in temporarily abstinent smokers. Perceived and objective moderate intensity exercise and passive waiting all reduced withdrawal symptoms, and salivary cortisol was attenuated compared with pre*abstinence levels, but there was no difference between any of the interventions. These results indicate that exercise may reduce withdrawal by acting as a distraction, but does not preclude biochemical mechanisms from playing a role. Nicotine-treated mice undertaking 2 or 24 hrs/day running wheel access, demonstrated reduced mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal symptoms compared with sedentary mice, indicating that even a low level of exercise aids in reducing withdrawal symptoms. This was accompanied by a significant increase in hipp05ampal 0.7 nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), implicating the α7 nAChR in a mechanism underlying the effect of exercise in nicotine withdrawal. The effect of nicotine on nAChR and oxytocin receptor (OTR) binding in a mouse model of schizophrenia was investigated using mice with a G72 protein insertion (G72Tg). Nicotine reversed social cognitive deficits in G72Tg mice, associated with attenuation of α7 nAChR and OTR binding in the cingulate cortex by nicotine in G72Tg mice. These results implicate both α7 nAChRs and OTR as targets for the development of pharmacotherapies for the treatment of social and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. All toghether, the results in this thesis show that the α7 nAChR may be involved in modulating behavioural responses in nicotine addiction. Furthermore, dysregulation of α7 and OT receptors may underlie the mechanism of cognitive and social deficits in schizophrenia.
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Paine, Julie. "Heroin addiction and longing to belong." Thesis, City University London, 2009. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8726/.
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This study explores the lived experience of being parented in childhood and adolescence in individuals with a long history of heroin/crack cocaine dependence. This investigation uses attachment theory (Ainsworth & Bowlby, 1991; Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980) as a central pillar of the explanatory framework, while also drawing upon psychodynamic concepts to illuminate and interpret participants' narratives. The avowed aim of this research is to contribute towards a psychodynamic phenomenology of parental relationships in childhood, and in particular that of the mother-child dyad. The study also endeavours to begin to make up for the paucity of studies about the relationship between attachment and heroin addiction, while using a constructivist-interpretative epistemological position to examine how individuals' early life experiences may shape and influence them through later life. In this study, a clinical sample of six individuals stabilised on a low-dose methadone maintenance programme underwent three separate interviews, and analysis was conducted using interpretative phenomenological analysis. This focused on emergent themes, retaining a strong epistemological commitment to interpretations firmly embedded in the data. Three major themes emerged: 'I was always the outsider', and perceptions of not fitting in socially or with family; 'I wanted an ordinary mum and got Supermum', and the notion of a mother who was not mentally attuned with the growing child; and 'my search for a new, improved sense of self, where the child attempts to extinguish their negative self-image. These findings are then discussed, using theoretical literature as explanatory support, in an attempt to improve our understanding of the experience of being parented in a child who went on to become a heroin addict.
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Yavorsky, William Christian. "Addiction : disturbing fixity and mobilising ambiguity." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271272.
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Guindalini, Camila Santa Cruz. "Genetics and pharmacogentics of cocaine addiction." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435489.
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Shinebourne, Pnina. "Women's experience of addiction and recovery." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551029.
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Most research on addiction has been dominated by quantitative methodologies, although there has been increasing interest in qualitative approaches. The primary aim of this thesis is to contribute to a psychological understanding of experiences of addiction and recovery, considered from a phenomenological interpretative perspective. This investigation adds to the small number of IPA studies in this field. It focuses on the experiences of addiction and recovery, the ways participants make sense of their experiences in the contexts in which they occur, and the interpretations which can be discerned from participants' accounts. The thesis consists of four empirical studies. The first study presents an in-depth single case study illuminating how experiences of addiction and accompanying feelings, thoughts and expressions appear to the participant in the context of her life. The second study broadened the enquiry by including a small group of participants. This provides an opportunity for examining similarities and differences between participants across cases and moving towards making more general claims. At the same time, because of the small sample size it was possible to maintain an idiographic focus on the individual participants' accounts of their experiences. The third study extended the scope of IPA's approaches to data collection and analysis by using visual material in conjunction with interviews. This provides another perspective from which to investigate how participants experience and understand their process of recovery from addiction in ways not possible with verbal accounts or visual material alone. The fourth study extended the scope of the research by focusing on the less well researched area of the experiences of long-term recovery from addiction, in contrast to the three previous studies in which participants have been involved in their respective programmes of recovery for between one and two years. The thesis concludes with critical reflections and an indication of limitations as well as possibilities for future research and practice.
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Freeman, T. P. "Salience attribution in addiction and psychosis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1389056/.
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Salience attribution, the process by which particular stimuli come to selectively grab one’s attention, is heightened towards drug-associated cues in substance users and irrelevant cues in psychosis. In Chapter 1 I review this literature. Despite their theoretical link and the substantial co-morbidity of substance use in psychotic disorders, the extent to which these processes overlap is not well understood. The aim of this thesis was to investigate their relationship. The ability of drug cues to impact on associative learning processes was examined in Chapter 2 using a newly developed task. Overshadowing by drug cues was found alongside smoking-related attentional bias in abstinent smokers but not in satiated smokers or controls. This overshadowing effect is replicated in Chapter 3 among frequent ketamine users and polydrug-using controls. Ketamine users showed elevated psychotic-like symptoms, a reduction in associative blocking and a stronger impact of drug cues on blocking compared to polydrug controls. These results are indicative of a shared disruption of salience attribution in addiction and psychosis, which I investigated in Chapter 4 among smokers with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Associative blocking was reduced in these individuals compared to control smokers but both groups displayed an absence of blocking towards drug cues. The patient group also showed higher drug-cue attentional bias that correlated with positive psychotic symptoms. In Chapter 5 I examined the role of dopamine in salience attribution in smokers. The dopamine D2/D3 agonist pramipexole (0.5mg) reduced urges to smoke and decreased attentional bias towards smoking-related images relative to monetary images when compared to placebo. In Chapter 6 I discuss the theoretical and clinical implications of these findings. The effects of drug cues on associative learning provide a methodological advance, and these findings offer preliminary support for a link between disruptions of salience attribution in addiction and in psychosis.
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Nyqvist, Ghashghaian Simon. "The Neurobiology of Ketamine and Addiction." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15610.
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Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic prescription drug and has been used for general anesthesia. The research surrounding this chemical compound has revealed conflicting evidence of its potential use in health care and addiction treatment. On one side, ketamine is a widespread drug of abuse associated with neurocognitive deficits and neurotoxicity, on the other side ketamine has recently been found to have a variety of potential uses, including but not limited to; antidepressant effects, reconsolidation of drug-related memories and disrupting maladaptive rumination. Ketamine’s ability to induce psychedelic and mystic experiences, reconsolidation of memories, antidepressant effects, and its ability to reduce cue-induced drug craving makes it a potentially useful tool in drug abuse therapy. Most of the negative side-effects of ketamine seem to be apparent at high doses and in frequent use but low doses and non-frequent use has a low risk of harm, therefore, careful consideration and extensive research are required before ketamine can be widely used in the public and in health care for treatment strategies. This thesis aims to explore the role of ketamine and its neurobiological effects in the treatment of addiction and depression.
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SUCQUART, ISABELLE. "Le jeu pathologique : une addiction nouvelle." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT227M.
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Bernoussi, Amal. "Addiction au cannabis et personnalité limite." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20036.
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La recherche présentée trouve son origine dans une double problématique : d'une part la mise en évidence de l'addiction au cannabis et d'autre part le lien articulant l'addiction au cannabis et les aménagements caractériels de la personnalité limite ("névrose de caractère" et "psychose de caractère"). Dans ce cadre, nous avons formulé l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'estime de soi, l'implication comportementale, le système d'activité et la représentation du discours social définissent le type d'aménagement caractériel du sujet addict au cannabis ("névrose de caractère" et "psychose de caractère"). La première phase de notre recherche est la caractérisation de notre échantillon. Notre population se compose de 70 sujets addicts au cannabis, sélectionnés selon des critères d'inclusion précis : questionnaire de dépendance au cannabis, Addiction severity index et critères de la personnalité limites selon le DSM IV. La seconde phase explore notre hypothèse générale à partir de l'estime de soi, de l'implication comportementale, du système d'activité et de la représentation du discours social. Pour tester notre hypothèse et ses liaisons, nous avons utilisé comme outils d'évaluation la Self esteem iventory, le Hand test, la Telic dominance scale et l'entretien semistructuré. En effet, l'estime de soi, le système d'activité et la représentation du discours social sont des composantes discriminatives des sujets addicts au cannabis de notre échantillon. L'implication comportementale est faiblement significative pour pouvoir différencier les sujets addicts au cannabis selon leurs aménagements caractériels. En conclusion, nous pouvons dire que l'aménagement caractériel du sujet addict au cannabis a une influence sur la consommation du cannabis. L'addiction au cannabis est contrôlée si l'aménagement caractériel est de type "névrose de caractère" ; par contre elle sera renforcée si l'aménagement de caractère est de type "psychose de caractère"The research presented originates in a double set of problems : on the one hand revelation of cannabis addiction and on the other hand the link between cannabis addiction and borderline personality adaptation ("character neurosis" and "character psychosis"). With this aim in mind, we hypothesized that self esteem, behavioral involvement, activity system and representation of the rules and expectations of society define the type of personality adjustment of cannabis addict ("character neurosis" et "character psychosis"). The first phase of our research consisted of characterization of the sample. Our population consisted of 70 cannabis addict selected according to precise inclusion criteria (the cannabis dependency questionnaire, the Addiction severity index and criteria of bordreline personnahty according to the DSM IV). The second phase investigated our general hypothesis based on self-esteem, behavioral involvement, activity system and representation of the rules and expectations of society. In order to test our hypothesis and its correlations, we used the following evaluation tools : the Self esteem inventory, Hand test, the Telic dominance scale and the semi-structured interview mode. Self esteem, activity system and representation of the rules and expectations of society are in fact discriminant components of the cannabis addicts in our sample. Behavioral involvement was weakly significant in differentiating cannabis addicts according to personality adjustment. In conclusion, the personality adjustment of the cannabis addict, has an influence on cannabis consumption. Cannabis addiction is controlled if personality adjustment is of "character neurosis" type, but on the other hand addiction will be reinforced if the adjustment is of "character psychosis" type
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Yoon, SangHo. "Essays on addiction, myopia, and inconsistency." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3449.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.Vita: p. 154. Thesis director: Laurence R. Iannaccone. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-153). Also issued in print.
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Sorensen, Eric K. "Cognitive solutions for recovery from addiction." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998sorensene.pdf.
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Scheitrum, Raquel. "Smoking passive addiction or active coping? /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1999. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2778. Typescript. Abstract included as two unpaged leaves at back of volume. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 30-35).
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Pashmi, Ghazaleh. "Immunotherapy approach to combat nicotine addiction." Thesis, University of Bath, 2004. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419340.
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Smoking is now recognized as the single largest avoidable cause of premature death and disability in Britain and probably the greatest avoidable threat to public health worldwide. There are several therapies available to combat nicotine addiction ranging from psychological therapy to pharmacological interventions such as Nicotine Replacement Therapy. However, success rates for these therapies individually and mixture of therapies together, are still low and can be improved. A new strategy in helping quit rates is immunotherapy. This research project has focused on targeting cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, to produce a vaccine as a cessation method. The effect of cotinine on nicotine-evoked dopamine release was first examined using 96-well plate assay in chapter 2. Cotinine was shown to decrease nicotine - evoked dopamine release, probably by desensitising the nAChRs. a6p2*, a4p2 receptor subtypes were implicated, using competitive antagonists. Trans-4-thiol cotinine was produced as a viable derivative and conjugated to ovalbumin in the appendix and chapter 3. Vaccination of rats generated anti-cotinine antibodies, although mid-point titres were low. Improvements were made in chapter 4 which increased the mid-point antibody titres. The improvements included change of carrier molecule to Tenatus Toxoid, allowing for 15 derivative attachments per carrier molecule, and change of adjuvant. The best concentration of conjugate to be used in vaccination was determined to be 5 pg which produced specific antibodies towards cotinine. Blood nicotine and cotinine concentrations after chronic nicotine treatment showed vaccination resulted in the retention of cotinine in the blood, presumably reducing the concentration reaching the brain, in chapters 4 and 5. Similar results were also obtained after acute nicotine treatment in chapter 5. The effect of vaccination on nicotine - evoked dopamine release was studied in chapters 4 and 5; an increase in nicotine-evoked dopamine release was observed in vaccinated animals. This suggests the retention of cotinine in the blood and the consequent reduction of antagonism of the actions of nicotine by cotinine, allowed nicotine to have a larger effect. Nicotineinduced locomotor activity was not affected by vaccination, however future work is needed to give conclusive results. These results have provided preliminary proof of concept for this immunotherapy approach. Future in vivo experiments will elucidate the actions of this vaccine on addiction mechanisms and facilitate the development of this approach as a therapy to help people overcome nicotine addiction.
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Laconi, Stéphanie. "Addiction à internet : définitions et évaluations." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20085.
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L’addiction à Internet a fait l’objet de nombreuses études à travers le monde durant les vingt dernières années. Pourtant aucun consensus au sujet de sa définition ou de ses critères diagnostiques n’a encore été admis, soulevant ainsi de nombreux débats. Ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier la conceptualisation de l’addiction à Internet principalement au travers de ses outils d’évaluation, et de combler un manque de données empiriques au sein d’échantillons français.Étude 1 – Objectif : Déterminer le nombre d’outils de mesure de l’addiction à Internet et mettre en avant leurs qualités psychométriques. Résultats : Quarante-cinq outils mesurant l’addiction à Internet ont été identifiés dont seulement dix-sept ayant été évalués plus d’une fois en termes de propriétés psychométriques. La plupart des échelles existantes nécessitent de plus amples travaux de validation. Bien que critiqué, l’Internet Addiction Test (IAT) est l’échelle présentant le plus de supports empiriques. Cependant, de nombreuses échelles prometteuses requièrent un examen plus approfondi. Étude 2 – Objectif : Évaluer les qualités psychométriques de l’Online Cognition Scale (OCS). Résultats : Les analyses factorielles de l’OCS suggéraient un meilleur ajustement du modèle avec une solution à 5 facteurs (27 items), comparé au modèle original (36 items). Nos résultats mettent en avant une excellente consistance interne et des corrélations inter items et test-retest satisfaisantes. Les scores de l’OCS étaient significativement corrélés avec ceux de l’IAT, du temps passé en ligne et des symptômes dépressifs au cours des deux passations. Étude 3 – Objectifs : Évaluer les qualités psychométriques de la Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 et la pertinence du modèle d’Utilisation Problématique Généralisée d’Internet (UPGI) au sein d’étudiants français. Résultats : Les résultats de la modélisation en équations structurelles soutiennent ce modèle conceptuel de l’addiction à Internet, et un bon ajustement du modèle aux données. Les qualités psychométriques de la version française de la GPIUS-2 étaient satisfaisantes, notamment la fiabilité, et les validités convergente et concurrente, confirmant l’utilité de cet outil multidimensionnel. Étude 4 – Objectif : Explorer la relation entre l’UPGI et les Utilisations Problématiques Spécifiques d’Internet (UPSI). Résultats : Nos analyses mettent avant des relations significatives entre l’UPGI, les symptômes psychopathologiques et la plupart des UPSI, avec de nombreuses différences en fonction du genre et de l’âge. Alors que les scores d’UPSIcommunication prédisaient ceux d’UPGI chez l’ensemble des participants, ceux d’UPSIrecherche d’informations et jeux en ligne, ainsi que les symptômes dépressifs n’étaient significatifs que chez les femmes, les hommes et les jeunes adultes, et l’UPSIconsommation de vidéo/musique et le temps passé en ligne uniquement chez les femmes et les jeunes adultesInternet addiction has been the subject of numerous studies worldwide, during the last twenty years. Yet, no consensus on its definition or diagnosis criteria has been admitted, which therefore is triggering numerous debates. The present research aims to study the conceptualization of Internet addiction mainly through its assessment tools, and to fill in the lack of empirical data among French samples.Study 1 - Aim: To assess the measurement tools for Internet addiction and their psychometric properties. Results: Forty-five tools assessing Internet addiction were identified, of which only seventeen had been evaluated more than once in terms of their psychometric properties. Most of the existing scales for Internet addiction require further validation work. Despite criticism, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) appears to be the scale with the most empirical support. However, numerous promising scales warrant further examination.Study 2 - Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Online Cognition Scale (OCS). Results: Confirmatory factorial analyses showed that the 4-factor solution did not demonstrate satisfactory fit but the 5-factor model was found to better fit the data. Our results revealed that the scale scores demonstrated excellent internal consistency and satisfying inter-item correlation and test-retest reliability. The OCS was significantly correlated with the IAT, time spent online and depressive symptoms at both time points.Study 3 - Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 and the relevance of the Generalized Problematic Internet Use (GPIU) model among French users. Results: Path analysis provided support for this conceptual model of problematic Internet use, and a good fit to the data. The psychometric properties of the French version of the GPIUS-2 were satisfying, including reliability, concurrent and convergent validities, suggesting the usefulness of this multidimensional tool.Study 4 - Aim: To explore the relationship between GPIU and Specific Problematic Internet Uses (SPIU) Results: Our analysis revealed significant relationships between GPIU, psychopathological symptoms and most of SPIU, with many differences according to gender and age. SPIUcommunication scores significantly predict GPIU scores among the whole sample, whereas SPIUinformation seeking and gaming, and depressive symptoms were only significant among women, men and young adults, and SPIUconsumption of video/music and time spent online, among women and young adults
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Mikuška, Jakub. "A CLOSER LOOK AT INTERNET ADDICTION." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/74.
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Based on a sample of 1,012 late adolescents and young adults (ages 18-26), the current three interrelated studies tested a series of specific questions and hypotheses focused on understanding Internet Addiction.
Study 1 sought to directly compare psychometric properties of four of the most widely used Internet addiction scales based on citation metrics (Internet Addiction Test, Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire, Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 and Chen Internet Addiction Scale), and to aggregate the best items across all scales into a new measure using bifactor IRT analyses. The resulting 10-item Aggregated Internet Addiction Scale (AIAS) consists of the best performing items from the original scales, representing each of Griffiths’ six conceptual criteria, and matches each original scale in performance (reliability, test information, relationship with covariates) with considerably lower item count. This offers an important alternative to scholars seeking a reliable and valid measure which is consistent with Griffiths’conceptual work.
Study 2 tested a set of hypotheses based on a behavioral model of Internet addiction in which online activities are used and reinforced as a maladaptive coping strategy to manage stress. If Internet is used to disengage from stressors, it may become associated with the desirable outcome (reducing stress), while not actually solving it; rather, it would exacerbate the underlying problems and therefore create more stress. Stress was found to be positively associated with Internet addiction symptoms; in addition, this effect was mediated by reliance on problem disengagement coping strategies. Self-control was found to moderate the relationship of stress and coping strategies (with exception of problem disengagement); however, it did so in an unexpected direction. At lower levels of self-control the relationship of stress and reliance on engagement strategies becomes more positive, and conversely, more negative for emotional disengagement The moderation, however, had little impact on the indirect effect.
Finally, the third study tested a series of hypotheses based on Uses and Gratifications theory (UGT) and the existing literature on predictors of Internet addiction. Specifically, it compared low self-esteem (LSE), perceived social self-efficacy (PSSE), and self-control (SC) as predictors of Internet addiction. Building on UGT, specific online behaviors were examined as mediators of the relationship between known predictors and
Internet addiction. Social networking was hypothesized to mediate the pathway from LSE and PSSE to Internet addiction; and the use of internet for entertainment was hypothesized to mediate the path from SC to Internet addiction. Using structural equation model SC was found to be the strongest predictor of Internet addiction, both directly and indirectly through entertainment use. After controlling for SC and entertainment online use, social networking and the hypothesized underlying predictors (LSE and PSSE) had no remaining explanatory power for Internet addiction. There three predictors overlapped to some degree, where SC explained the largest amount of unique variance.
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Pichard, Capucine. "Relation entre sport intensif et addiction." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066537.
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Une pratique sportive apporte des bénéfices physiologiques et psychologiques mais des études montrent l’existence de relations entre la pratique sportive de haut niveau et l’abus de substance et une dépendance à l’exercice physique est soulevée. Nos travaux portent sur les liens entre les variations de l’activité physique et l’appétence pour l’alcool, dans une approche neurobiologique (souris) et psychogénétique (Homme). Nous émettons l’hypothèse que l’activité physique intense pourrait engendrer une augmentation de l’appétence pour l’alcool. Notre travail s’inscrit dans la compréhension des mécanismes de vulnérabilité impliqués dans les addictions lors d’une activité physique intense. Nous montrons que l'activité physique modérée, volontaire réduit la consommation d'alcool chez les souris C57BL/6J alors que l’activité forcée et intense ne la réduit pas, et n’a aucun impact sur la consommation d’alcool pour une lignée non génétiquement prédisposée (DBA/2J). De plus, nous nous sommes intéressés à la santé mentale des sportifs de haut niveau en étudiant la présence de troubles psychopathologiques (abus et dépendance). La comorbidité marquée autour de certains troubles anxieux (TOC, phobie sociale. . ), montre qu’il s’agit d’une population spécifique. Enfin, en approfondissant l’hypothèse d’une relation entre les variations de l’intensité de l’activité et le niveau d’appétence pour l’alcool, nous avons montré que la blessure apparaît comme un moment de fragilité associé à une vulnérabilité aux comportements addictifs (augmentation du niveau d’appétence). Les différentes évaluations réalisées pourraient aider à repérer des sujets à fort versus faible risque d’addiction parmi les sportifs de haut niveau.