Journal articles on the topic 'Addiction research'
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1
Yoshida, Takuto, and Mitsuhiro Ura. "Loss of Control over Addictive Behaviors Mediate the Effect of Social Exclusion in Addiction." International Journal of Psychological Studies 13, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v13n1p27.
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Previous research suggests that a lack of social connections predicts increased addiction-related problems, and that loss of control mediates this relationship. However, this mediation effect is inconsistent and depends on the type of addiction. We investigated if the loss of control mediated the relationship between low social connections and addiction, by integrating different addictive behaviors. Our results demonstrated that experiences of exclusion from others and rejection from society predicted a higher degree of addiction-related problems Integrating and analyzing different addictions demonstrate the mediation effect of loss of control over addiction. These results suggest that the mediation effects of loss of control between low social connection and addiction-related problems are observed when addictive behaviors are integrated. Our findings can suggest that the loss of control of addictive behaviors is the necessary factor to predict addiction-related problems by low social connection.
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Alexander, Bruce K. "The Empirical and Theoretical Bases for an Adaptive Model of Addiction." Journal of Drug Issues 20, no. 1 (January 1990): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269002000103.
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There is substantial scientific support for an adaptive model of addiction. Research reviewed in this article supports the adaptive model's assertions that failure of psychosocial integration precedes addiction; that addiction serves a number of adaptive functions; that addictive behavior is not “out of control”; that drug use generally fits the predictions of coping theory; that addictions are often transitory; that the “lessor evil” assumption of the adaptive model is compatible with current theory; that addictions are often interchangeable; and that the term “adaptive” is defined precisely in the adaptive model. The extensive support for an adaptive model of addiction, in conjunction with the wealth of recent evidence against a disease model of addiction, suggests that a major reformulation of theory about drugs and addiction is underway in the scholarly community.
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Sinclair, Deborah Louise, Steve Sussman, Shazly Savahl, Maria Florence, and Wouter Vanderplasschen. "Recovery and Substitute Addictions." Afrika Focus 35, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-35020011.
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Abstract Substitute addictions – addictions that replace terminated substance use disorders (sud s) – involving addictive behaviours such as a new substance, food/eating, gambling, shopping, or sex, have implications for recovery but remain poorly understood. While extant studies suggest a multifaceted aetiology, research is needed to illuminate the nature, dynamics/mechanisms, motives and risk factors of substitute addictions. This multiple-methods study (1) reviewed the available literature on substitute addiction in people with sud s using a scoping review method; (2) explored the experience of substitute addiction from a first-person perspective using a case study; (3) investigated the prevalence of substitute addiction and associated factors among service users during and after residential substance use treatment using a quantitative longitudinal cohort design (n=137, 66% follow-up rate); (4) explored recovery support group members’ (n=23) perceptions and experiences of substitute addictions using in-depth interviews; and (5) explored service providers’ (n=22) perceptions of substitute addiction through focus group discussions. Findings were integrated across datasets to offer recommendations for prevention, practice and research.
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Serenko, Alexander, and Ofir Turel. "Directing Technology Addiction Research in Information Systems." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 53, no. 3 (July 25, 2022): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3551783.3551789.
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In this second part of a series of articles to direct technology addiction research in the information systems discipline, we discuss the history, conceptualization, and measurement of technology addiction. We admit that it is possible to label the phenomenon as overuse or excessive use as long as it is defined and measured by the presence and the magnitude of the six core symptoms of behavioral addictions: salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse. The advantage of this terminology is that it does not attribute one's problems to helplessness and does not pathologize the behavior, implying that it may possibly be corrected. Nevertheless, we posit that the term technology addiction is currently the most reasonable choice that may need to be adjusted as we learn more about this phenomenon and its potential similarities to and differences from established behavioral addictions. Dependence, obsessive/compulsive use, and pathological/problem use terms should not be used as synonyms for technology addiction as a form of mental disorder. Researchers should not include the name of the IT artifact as the subject of addiction (e.g., "Facebook addiction"). Instead, they should focus on the activity that is mediated through the IT artifact (e.g., "addiction to Facebook use").
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Kleszczewska-Albińska, Angelika. "Selected cognitive-behavioural models of behavioural addictions." Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna 22, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2022.0002.
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The paper discusses behavioural addiction in the context of cognitive-behavioural model of therapy. Behavioural addiction can be diagnosed based on the six main criteria: (1) preoccupation with activity, (2) mood modification resulting from involvement in behaviour, (3) increased level of tolerance for the addictive activity, (4) withdrawal symptoms, (5) increased number of conflicts, and (6) relapses. According to research conducted in a representative sample of Polish population aged 15 years and older, the most popular behavioural addictions in our country include workaholism, shopaholism, internet addiction, social media addiction, smartphone addiction, and gambling. Cognitive-behavioural therapy is one of the most effective therapeutic strategies for behavioural addictions. This approach is based mostly on Beck’s and Ellis’s traditional models. The models of cognitive-behavioural therapy include identification of early maladaptive experiences resulting in negative core beliefs. They also refer to psychopathological factors that were developed later in lifetime. Furthermore, they incorporate description of negative automatic thoughts that trigger addictive behaviours, and allow to observe the vicious circle and entanglement in addictive activity, which initially perceived as a way for reducing the tension, used in excess contributes to increased individual’s discomfort. Cognitive-behavioural therapy in behaviourally addicted patients usually includes an analysis of four phases: (1) antecedent phase, (2) triggering phase, (3) the phase of satisfying the needs connected to the addiction, and (4) the phase following the accomplishment of the addictive behaviour. Cognitive-behavioural therapy includes various methods of work based on the knowledge about cognitive processes. Interventions in this approach are structuralised and limited in time. There are three basic phases of cognitive-behavioural therapy: (1) behaviour modification, (2) cognitive restructuring, and (3) harm reduction.
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Yu, Sheila, and Steve Sussman. "Does Smartphone Addiction Fall on a Continuum of Addictive Behaviors?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020422.
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Due to the high accessibility and mobility of smartphones, widespread and pervasive smartphone use has become the social norm, exposing users to various health and other risk factors. There is, however, a debate on whether addiction to smartphone use is a valid behavioral addiction that is distinct from similar conditions, such as Internet and gaming addiction. The goal of this review is to gather and integrate up-to-date research on measures of smartphone addiction (SA) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) to better understand (a) if they are distinct from other addictions that merely use the smartphone as a medium, and (b) how the disorder(s) may fall on a continuum of addictive behaviors that at some point could be considered an addiction. A systematic literature search adapted from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was conducted to find all relevant articles on SA and PSU published between 2017 and 2019. A total of 108 articles were included in the current review. Most studies neither distinguished SA from other technological addictions nor clarified whether SA was an addiction to the actual smartphone device or to the features that the device offers. Most studies also did not directly base their research on a theory to explain the etiologic origins or causal pathways of SA and its associations. Suggestions are made regarding how to address SA as an emerging behavioral addiction.
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Luppicini, Rocci, and Sameera Alotaibi. "A Systematic Research Review of Internet Addiction and Identity." International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcbpl.2021010101.
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A small but growing body of research documents how internet misuse can lead to negative outcomes for individuals. One particularly important area of public concern is the connection between addictive internet usage and human identity. This study addressed the connection between excessive internet use on real-world and virtual-world identity. This systematic research review synthesized research studies conducted between 2008 to 2018 on the influence of internet addiction on identity. Findings revealed that the majority of published studies focused on young individuals aged 9-30 years old (89%) and that the connection between excessive internet use on real-world identity and virtual-world identity was complex and multi-faceted. Online gaming addiction was identified as a leading theme within the published research (30%). Based on study findings, recommendations are made for greater future research attention to internet addiction among adults, comprehensive studies of the relationship between online and offline identity to internet addiction, and the inclusion of internet addiction as a multifaceted disorder in future editions of DSM, which includes online gaming addiction among other forms of online addiction.
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Đukanović, Borislav, Irena Petrušić, Gorana Bandalović, Ana Maksimović, and Silva Banović. "Internet Sex Addiction in Serbia and Montenegro." IPSI Transactions on Internet Research 18, no. 02 (July 1, 2022): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.58245/ipsi.tir.2201.07.
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In this study, the authors analyzed the problematic use of pornographic websites and Internet sex addiction in representative samples of respondents from different age groups including 2948 respondents from Serbia and 1486 from Montenegro. A standard questionnaire of 33 questions with answers in binary form was used. In addition to epidemiological indicators, the study also included nine family risk factors and six risk factors associated with early psychosocial developmental disorders. Finally, the social profiles of Internet sex addicts in Serbia and Montenegro were described. The results of the research showed that Internet sex addicts are mostly young adults aged 20 to 30. The overall dependency rate was estimated within average limits. In general, Internet sex addiction is among the lowest of all behavioral addictions. The authors see the reason for this in the greatest potency of this addiction for the development of addictive patterns of behavior, but also in the great predictiveness of this addiction together with the gambling addiction for the emergence and development of other behavioral addictions. All examined risk factors (except for shyness and reticence) do "separate" Internet sex addicts from those who do not have the listed risk factors at zero level of significance. However, an examination of the prediction of Internet sex addiction using binary logistic regression showed that aggressive and criminal behaviors in early youth, followed by disorders in educational and emotional relations between parents and children, have the highest predictive values for Internet sex addiction. Social profiles are unclear and unstructured, and the authors explain this by the fact that biological, not sociological, and sociocultural factors play a dominant role in developing addictive patterns of behavior.
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Minyurova, S. A., O. V. Kruzhkova, I. V. Vorobyeva, and A. I. Matveeva. "For citation: Minyurova S. A., Kruzhkova O. V., Vorobyeva I. V., Matveeva A. I. Addictive behaviour of adolescents and young men in the education system: Review of psychological and pedagogical research." Education and science journal 24, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 84–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2022-6-84-121.
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Introduction. Addictive behaviour of students today is one of the most acute problems of the education system. Not only chemical addiction leads to serious problems, but also social networks, smartphones, gaming addictions lead to a significant decrease in the level of physical and mental health of adolescents and young men, socio-psychological maladaptation in society, violation of their psychological well-being and in critical cases – the development of suicidal risks. Nevertheless, a comprehensive study of the experience in psychological and pedagogical research in the field of addictive behaviour with the generalisation of methodological approaches and empirical results has not been conducted yet (although such review studies are present in relation to general and specific issues of addictive behaviour, its spread in individual countries or geographical regions, the role of the family, etc.). At the same time, such studies are necessary to ensure a complete understanding of the problem from the perspective of the educational organisation and the possibilities of the educational environment in the prevention of the spread of addictive behaviour among students.Aim. The aim of the study was to review and systematise international research in the field of psychological and pedagogical study of addictive behaviour of students.Methodology and research methods. The selection of scientific publications in the international scientometric database Scopus was carried out for inclusion in the review with search depth from 2011 to the present. The authors used the following keywords complexes for the search: “addiction&school”, “addictive behaviour&school”, “drug&school”, “alcohol&school”, “tobacco&school”, “internet addiction&school”, “gambling&school”. The specified word complexes such as “article title, short description, keywords” were included in the search section. Additional search restrictions were the type of articles (reviews, article); the chosen field of science was “Psychology” and an additional keyword was “adolescent”. After analysis the final list of selected publications amounted to 246 works.Results. The results of the study made it possible to systematise scientific publications and identify trends in the consideration of addictive behaviour in psychological and pedagogical research in the education system. Thus, it was revealed that the definition of addictive behaviour has a specific interpretation in relation to the concept of dependent behaviour. Behavioural manifestations of addictive behaviour in chemical and behavioural addictions have similar characteristics, whereas personal predictors, which determine the propensity of students to choose this deviation, may have ambivalent characteristics depending on the chosen form of addictive behaviour. At the same time, the forms of addictive behaviour of students in the educational environment are diverse and include both chemical addictions (smoking, alcohol and drug addiction) and behavioural variants of addictive behaviour (Internet addiction and dependence on video and computer games). At the same time, any of the listed addictions individually, or taking into account their combined nature, leads to a decrease in the success of training and unsatisfactory academic performance of students. In addition, difficulties in learning and interacting with other subjects of the educational environment may (among other things) be a factor stimulating the emergence of addictive behaviour as a form of care or compensation. Prevention of addictive behaviour, as a rule, is based on informing about the negative consequences of addictions, but it can take into account both the peculiarities of social behaviour and learning of adolescents and young men, as well as their personal characteristics, which act as zones of vulnerability for the development of addiction.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the authors systematised scientific research in the field of psychological and pedagogical study of addictive behaviour of students, taking into account current trends in the spread of both chemical and non-chemical addictions, as well as their combined nature of distribution among adolescents and young men.Practical significance. The practical significance is due to the potential possibilities of using the data obtained to organise effective prophylactic work for preventing the development of addictive behaviour among students within the framework of the educational process in an educational organisation, taking into account international experience and psychological and pedagogical basis.
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Sulkunen, Pekka. "The images theory of addiction." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 4, no. 1 (June 22, 2015): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.191.
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Sulkunen, P. (2015). The images theory of addiction. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(1), 5-11. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.191In everyday language, addiction usually refers to a strong desire that drives people to continue habitual behaviour despite acknowledged harm and their own will to quit. Many theorists and practitioners have long rejected the concept because of its tendency to individualize problem behavior, to focus on treatment rather than prevention, and to limit harmful consequences unduly to a selected group of users. There is no commonly accepted etiology of, or evidence-based treatment for, the condition, and diagnostic definitions are based on syndromes only. This article argues that the objections are not valid if we understand addiction as a generic concept, defined in terms of characteristics shared by several specific types, of which some are called prototypes. Addictions involve neurological adaptations but are not caused by them. They always emerge from culturally regulated behaviours, they are processes rather than on-off conditions, and involve types and pathways that depend on the social conditions in which they evolve. Addicted and normal uses are closely related and governed by images that define the functions, norms, meanings and use-values of the behavior. These will be transformed as addictions develop. The Images Theory of Addiction opens the way to understanding cultural variations in the addictive process, as well as to identify particularly risky images of potentially addictive behaviors. The theory is illustrated with examples from recent comparative studies.
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V., Arul Prasath S., Bagavathy M. Perumal, and Steeve Gnana Samuel. "Prevalence, underlying factors and consequences of mobile game addiction in school going children of six to twelve years in Kanyakumari district." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 9, no. 4 (March 24, 2022): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20220760.
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Background: Children nowadays are heavily engaged with their smartphones with high-quality gaming features. This addiction affects their health, causing physical and psychosocial disabilities. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence, underlying factors and consequences of mobile game addiction among school-going children.Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted between 1st July to 31st December 2021, enrolled 120 children aged 6 to 12 years old attending the outpatient department of Kanyakumari Government medical college hospital.Results: We found out that male students displayed more addictive behaviour. The primary cause of mobile game addiction was loneliness, length of time spent playing mobile games and using it as their primary source of entertainment. This addiction resulted in headaches, eye and ear discomfort, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and disputes with family members.Conclusions: We found a correlation between video game addiction and psychosocial and physical disabilities. Extensive research is needed to identify gaming patterns leading to addictions and health consequences.
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Kim, Hyoun S., David C. Hodgins, Benjamin Kim, and T. Cameron Wild. "Transdiagnostic or Disorder Specific? Indicators of Substance and Behavioral Addictions Nominated by People with Lived Experience." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020334.
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Using a transdiagnostic perspective, the present research examined the prominent indicators of substance (alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, tobacco) and behavioral (gambling, video games, sex, shopping, work, eating) addictions nominated by people with lived experiences. Specifically, we aimed to explore whether the perceived most important indicators nominated were consistent across the 10 addictions or differed based on the specific addiction. Additionally, we explored gender differences in the perceived most important indicators across addictive behaviors. A large online sample of adults recruited from a Canadian province (n = 3503) were asked to describe the most important signs or symptoms of problems with these substances and behaviors. Open-ended responses were analyzed among a subsample of 2603 respondents (n = 1562 in the past year) who disclosed that they had personally experienced a problem with at least one addiction listed above. Content analyses revealed that dependence (e.g., craving, impairments in control) and patterns of use (e.g., frequency) were the most commonly perceived indicators for both substance and behavioral addictions, accounting for over half of all the qualitative responses. Differences were also found between substance and behavioral addictions regarding the proportion of the most important signs nominated. Consistent with the syndrome model of addiction, unique indicators were also found for specific addictive behaviors, with the greatest proportion of unique indicators found for eating. Supplemental analyses found that perceived indicators across addictions were generally gender invariant. Results provide some support for a transdiagnostic conceptualization of substance and behavioral addictions. Implications for the study, prevention, and treatment of addictions are discussed.
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Bozarth, Michael A. "New perspectives on cocaine addiction: recent findings from animal research." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 67, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 1158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y89-185.
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Research with laboratory animals has provided several insights into the nature of cocaine abuse and addiction. First, the nature of drug addiction has been reevaluated and the emphasis has shifted from physical dependence to compulsive drug-taking behavior. Second, animal studies suggest that cocaine is at least as addictive as heroin and possibly even more addictive. Third, cocaine is potentially more dangerous than heroin as evidenced by the higher fatality rate seen in laboratory animals given unlimited access to these drugs. Fourth, the neural basis of cocaine reinforcement has been identified and involves an enhancement of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the ventral tegmental dopamine system. Other addictive drugs (e.g., opiates) may also derive at least part of their reinforcing impact by pharmacologically activating this reward system. Fifth, although the biological consequences of repeated cocaine self-administration on central nervous system functioning are poorly understood, preliminary findings suggest that intravenous cocaine self-administration may decrease neural functioning in this brain reward system. This has important clinical implications because diminished functioning of an important brain reward system may significantly contribute to relapse into cocaine addiction. These and other findings from experimentation with laboratory animals suggest new considerations for the etiology and treatment of drug addiction.Key words: addiction, cocaine, dopamine, reward, withdrawal syndrome.
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Karakose, Turgut, Tijen Tülübaş, and Stamatios Papadakis. "Revealing the Intellectual Structure and Evolution of Digital Addiction Research: An Integrated Bibliometric and Science Mapping Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 14883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214883.
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The current study uses “digital addiction” as an umbrella term to refer to addiction to the Internet, social media, smartphones, digital devices, video games, or similar digital technologies. The study aims to investigate the scientific landscape of the digital addiction research field through combining bibliometric and science mapping analysis and to facilitate insight into the development and evolution of this knowledge base. Data for the analysis were extracted from the Scopus database, which covers a wide range of journal articles, with 429 articles addressing digital addiction included in the analysis. The science mapping analysis was performed over three consecutive time periods using SciMAT software to observe the thematic evolution. The results indicated that addictive behavior was the most significant theme across the three time periods. Cross-sectional studies addressing the risk factors or outcomes of addiction among adults and different sexes were prevalent during the first period (1997–2012), while interest moved to the addictive behavior of adolescents and students during the second period (2013–2017). Research during the third period (2018–2022) was driven by smartphone and social media addiction, and resilience as a preventive factor garnered more research interest than previously studied risk factors, which may indicate a perspective change by researchers. Implications are suggested for future investigations of digital addiction.
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Miranda, J., M. Barbosa, I. Figueiredo, P. Mota, and A. Tarelho. "Treating addiction with psychedelics - are we waking up?" European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S575—S576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1536.
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IntroductionClassic psychedelics have been administered in sacramental contexts since ancient times. They were of prominent interest within psychiatry and neuroscience in the 1950s to 1960s, but the association between classic psychedelics and the emerging counterculture put an end to their research. Modern research with classic psychedelics has reinitiated interest in the treatment of both cancer-related distress and addiction, with really promising results.ObjectivesWe aim to provide a review about history and new insights regarding research with psychedelics specially as treatment of addictive disorders.MethodsA framing analysis of articles, searched on Pubmed (articles between 2010-2020) with the key words: “ psychedelics”, “psilocybin”, “substance use disorder”, “addiction”.ResultsClassic psychedelics are 5HT2AR agonists such as LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin. They were shown to occasion mystical experiences, which are experiences reported throughout different cultures and religions involving a strong sense of unity. These experiences are scientifically important because they appear to cause abrupt and sustained changes in behavior and perception, that can be very useful in the substance use disorder field. From this analysis is possible to understand that the use of psychadelics in the treatment of some addictions is currently at an early stage of research. However, they show interesting results with no clinically significant adverse events when risk individuals are excluded.ConclusionsIn comparison to psychedelic research about cancer-related psychological distress, studies with addictions are less developed, but if they continue to suggest safety and efficacy, may be the use of psilocybin for the treatment of specific addiction can happen in a close future.
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Duven, E., K. W. Müller, and K. Wölfling. "Internet and computer game addiction - a review of current neuroscientific research." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72124-1.
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IntroductionA significant part computer game players and internet users show clinical features of abuse and addiction (loss of control, withdrawal symptoms, tolerance, continuation of game play even with increasing negative consequence in social and academic life). Similar mechanisms are suggested to underlie the pathogenesis and maintenance of internet and computer game addiction and substance-related addictions.ObjectivesNeuroscientific research on internet and computer game addiction is sparse, yet emerging. To review previous studies is the objective of the present project.AimsWe aim to identify common findings regarding the neurophysiological processes underlying internet and computer game addiction. This could be helpful for establishing a sound model for these emerging disorders.MethodsNeuroscientific studies on internet and computer game addiction were systematically searched in “Pubmed”, “Google scholar” and “PsychInfo”. Titles were examined first to screen potential articles, followed by abstracts, and then manuscripts were downloaded. The reference sections of downloaded manuscripts were examined for additional references not located in the searches.ResultsNeuroscientific research on internet and computer game addiction is mainly located in the Asian area, probably due to a higher regional prevalence. Methodologies range from ERP, resting state EEG, resting state fMRI, VBM to PET, investigating very different concepts of addiction, including impulsivity, craving, reward processing and cue-reactivity.ConclusionsAddicted internet and computer game users are overall suggested to have altered brain mechanisms similar to individuals with substance addictions. However, a sound model on the neurophysiologic alterations has not been established yet.
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Kim, Kaeun, George R. Milne, and Shalini Bahl. "Smart phone addiction and mindfulness: an intergenerational comparison." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 12, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-08-2016-0044.
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Purpose Young consumers are particularly vulnerable to the addictive nature of smart phone technology. This paper aims to investigate the smart phone addiction cycle and health outcomes of young and old consumers from the lens of consumers’ mindfulness traits. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative and quantitative studies reveal that the lack of mindfulness, measured as a mindless trait, is strongly associated with smart phone addictions and health and quality of life outcomes. Findings Differences in mindlessness and smart phone-generated health outcomes are found between younger and older consumers. The negative impact of mindlessness on quality of life was greater for younger adults than older adults. Research limitations/implications This research establishes baseline effects between the mindless trait and smart phone addiction levels. Practical implications Paper suggests the marketing of mindfulness programs and the use of marketplace apps to combat addiction issues. Social implications Smart phone addiction is a growing problem, and this paper contributes to the understanding of the problem and offers societal solutions for its resolution. Originality/value This is the first empirical paper to investigate the connection between a mindless trait and smart phone tendencies and resulting health outcomes.
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Peele, Stanton. "A Moral Vision of Addiction: How People's Values Determine Whether They Become and Remain Addicts." Journal of Drug Issues 17, no. 2 (April 1987): 187–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268701700205.
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Contemporary theories of addiction of all stripes rule out faulty values as a cause of addiction. Yet evidence from cross-cultural, ethnic, and social-class research, laboratory study of addictive behavior, and natural history and field investigations of addiction indicate the importance of value orientations in the development and expression of addictive behaviors, including drug and alcohol addiction, smoking, and compulsive eating. Furthermore, the rejection of moral considerations in addiction deprives us of our most powerful weapons against addiction and contributes to our current addiction binge. The disease myth of addiction in particular attacks the assumption of essential moral responsibility for people's drug use and related behavior, an assumption that we instead ought to be encouraging.
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Ylikoski, Petri, and Samuli Pöyhönen. "Addiction-as-a-kind hypothesis." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 4, no. 1 (June 22, 2015): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.189.
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Ylikoski, P., & Pöyhönen, S. (2015). Addiction-as-a-kind hypothesis. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(1), 21-25. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.189The psychiatric category of addiction has recently been broadened to include new behaviors. This has prompted critical discussion about the value of a concept that covers so many different substances and activities. Many of the debates surrounding the notion of addiction stem from different views concerning what kind of a thing addiction fundamentally is. In this essay, we put forward an account that conceptualizes different addictions as sharing a cluster of relevant properties (the syndrome) that is supported by a matrix of causal mechanisms. According to this "addiction-as-a-kind" hypothesis, several different kinds of substance and behavioral addictions can be thought of as instantiations of the same thing—addiction. We show how a clearly articulated account of addiction can facilitate empirical research and the theoretical integration of different perspectives on addiction. The causal matrix approach provides a promising alternative to existing accounts of the nature of psychiatric disorders, the traditional disease model, and its competitors. It is a positive addition to discussions about diagnostic criteria, and sheds light on how psychiatric classification may be integrated with research done in other scientific fields. We argue that it also provides a plausible approach to understanding comorbidity.
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Harrison, Klisala. "The social potential of music for addiction recovery." Music & Science 2 (January 1, 2019): 205920431984205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059204319842058.
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This article examines music and music scholarship vis-à-vis research findings in addictions sciences. It explains how music is socially useful for preventing and treating addiction. Making music with others, and all of the social and cultural activities that go into doing so—musicking—can foster psychosocial integration and social cohesion, via specific cultural and musical mechanisms, and in ways that can salve addictions. Alexander’s social dislocation theory of addiction serves as the theoretical framework for the study. I draw empirical support for the discussion from my long-term ethnographic fieldwork on Indigenous addiction rehabilitation settings in Vancouver, Canada. My analysis of those settings finds that connecting socially via musicking in ways that can prevent and treat addiction happens through different ways of being, ideas and focuses of attention—such as constructs of ethnicity, around spirituality/religion, and social and political values—that are shared among musicking people and perceived via their eight senses (the auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory, olfactory, vestibular, proprioceptive, and interoceptive). This article responds to a lack of music and cultural research on the correlation between social disconnection and addiction as well as a lack of study on the social potential of musical cultures to prevent and treat addictions. The article lays groundwork for future research on the roles that musicking can play in addiction recovery.
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Pallanti, Stefano. "From Impulse-Control Disorders Toward Behavioral Addictions." CNS Spectrums 11, no. 12 (December 2006): 921–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900015108.
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In the last 20 years, research on substance addictions has changed its focus from the social foundations to the neurobiological foundations. Hence, some behaviors have begun to be considered as equivalent to addiction based on proposed criteria: salience, withdrawal symptoms, tolerance, conflicts, relapse, and mood modifications.New knowledge about the brain's reward system suggests that “as far as the brain is concerned a reward is a reward, regardless of whether it comes from a chemical stimulus or an experience.”Pathological gambling was the prototypical addiction disorder, sharing some hallmarks with substance addictions: a high rate of comorbidity and treatment response to pharmacotherapies, such as opioid antagonist. However, compulsive sexual behavior, compulsive exercise, food starving, binge eating, and, most recently, Internet addiction have been gradually conceptualized as non-substance addictions with overlapping features with substance dependence. Several definitions” have been adopted regarding these behaviors: natural addiction, non-chemical addiction, and negative dependence are only some examples. This issue of CNS Spectrums focuses on behavioral addictions.
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Dube, Neelam, Ramya Ashwin, and Venkata Satyanarayana Nanduri. "Successful application of Yoga Prana Vidya therapy and energy healing techniques in de-addiction: An analysis of case series." International Journal of Integrative Medical Sciences 9, no. 2 (August 15, 2022): 1016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijims.2022.101.
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Introduction: Human beings are afflicted by various harmful addictions of substance and non-substance cravings. Several behavioural therapies and medications are normally available for de-addiction and rehabilitation. Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) is an integrated and holistic system that consists of no-touch no-drug energy healing protocols and simple to practice. This paper presents cases of various addictions successfully overcome using YPV System Protocols. Method: This paper uses case study method going through case papers and feedback reports from subjects who had successfully overcome addictions using Yoga Prana Vidya system of protocols. Results: An Indian sample of 30 documented cases shows that Yoga Prana Vidya healers applied YPV protocols for de-addiction of these cases successfully, and the 7 subjects who could be followed up confirmed that they successfully sustained the change. An in-depth case study of a subject in Australia healed by a YPV healer in Australia shows that the subject cured completely of alcohol addiction after 2 weeks of YPV healing. Further to it, this subject learnt YPV Level 1 healing and became a healer to continue healing himself and others as well. Conclusion: YPV system is integrated and holistic, without touch or use of drugs. Decades of experience with YPV practice shows that many types of physical, mental and emotional illnesses have been cured successfully. YPV is easy to learn and simple to practice by all. Further research may be conducted on a larger sample of varied conditions of addiction to gain broader insights into this phenomenon. KEY WORDS: Addiction, Substance Use Disorder (SUD), Addictive behaviours, Yoga Prana Vidya System ®, YPV ®
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Barrows, Paul, and William Van Gordon. "Ontological Addiction Theory and Mindfulness-Based Approaches in the Context of Addiction Theory and Treatment." Religions 12, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12080586.
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Buddhist-derived interventions have increasingly been employed in the treatment of a range of physical and psychological disorders, and in recent years, there has been significant growth in the use of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for this purpose. Ontological Addiction Theory (OAT) is a novel metaphysical approach to understanding psychopathology within the framework of Buddhist teachings and asserts that many mental illnesses have their root in the widespread mistaken belief in an inherently existent self that operates independently of external phenomena. OAT describes how different types of MBI can help undermine these beliefs and allow a person to reconstruct their view of self and reality to address the root causes of suffering. As well as proving effective in treating many other psychological disorders, MBIs based on OAT have demonstrated efficacy in treating conventional behavioural addictions, such as problem gambling, workaholism, and sex addiction. The goal of this paper is to (i) discuss and appraise the evidence base underlying the use of MBIs for treating addiction; (ii) explicate how OAT advances understanding of the mechanisms of addiction; (iii) delineate how different types of MBI can be employed to address addictive behaviours; and (iv) propose future research avenues for assessing and comparing MBIs in the treatment of addiction.
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Sheinov, Viktor P. "Smartphone Addiction and Personality: Review of International Research." RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 18, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2021-18-1-235-253.
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Mobile phones are perhaps the most popular digital devices that accompany us all the time. Smartphones certainly provide us with many conveniences but at the same time these devices are the reason why many users develop a pathological condition known as nomophobia or smartphone addiction, i. e., fear of losing phone contact or being away from network coverage. Many people, especially teenagers and children, cannot imagine their life without smartphones and try never to part with them. Phone addicts, due to the fact that their attention is constantly riveted to the smartphone screen, cannot efficiently study, do work thoughtfully and productively, establish relationships with others and, in general, live a full-fledged life. Smartphone addiction is a new phenomenon, one of the most widespread non-medical addictions, which in its scale has already left behind Internet addiction and addiction to gambling, forming a dangerous conglomerate with them. Numerous studies show that smartphone addiction has a detrimental effect on many important aspects of modern life. The purpose of this article is to provide an analytical review of international studies on the relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological and socio-psychological characteristics of personality. The choice of international studies as the initial data for the analysis was made due to the fact that it was in them (much earlier than in Russian ones) that the largest number of empirical results were obtained, which are of significant theoretical and practical interest. The number of Russian studies on this topic is much smaller, while many of them were carried out on small samples or were only discussions of international research results. Thus, it can be stated that the extensive information accumulated by international researcher on the dependence on smartphones is used insufficiently in Russian scientific community. The smartphone addiction is positively associated with such negative factors as depression, anxiety, stress, decreased self-esteem and self-control, sleep and health problems, low quality of life and dissatisfaction with it, family problems, poor school performance and the danger of becoming a victim of cyberbullying. Much higher smartphone addiction is typical of younger users. Assessments of smartphone dependence are positively correlated with being female, with smoking and consuming alcohol. A serious obstacle to relevant Russian research was the lack of Russian-language measuring instruments. To eliminate this obstacle, the author adapted and validated The Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) by M. Kwon et al. for the Russian-speaking society, and developed a reliable and valid Short Version of the Smartphone Addiction Questionnaire. In Russian studies on smartphone addiction, the results obtained on international samples can serve as basis for working hypotheses as well as initial data in cross-cultural research.
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Kemp, Ryan. "Addiction and addiction recovery: a qualitative research viewpoint." Journal of Psychological Therapies 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/jpt.v4n2.2019.167.
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Addiction and recovery from addiction are described by synthesising fifty-two qualitative studies from thirty-two years of research. Based on the lived experience of individuals this approach creates an understanding which emphasises not just the active phase of addiction, but the period before this phase. In addition the interpersonal, temporal, and community aspects of this condition are emphasised. A prominent feature is that addiction destructs the individual’s sense of self. In recovery this damaged self has to be reconstructed while healing of body and relationships are prominent. The individual should also find a way back into communal existence, thus restoring a sense of meaning into their lives.
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Crome, Ilana B. "Addiction research and the future of addiction psychiatry." Psychiatric Bulletin 25, no. 7 (July 2001): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.25.7.242.
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Asieieva, Yuliia, Svitllana Kirsho, Larysa Akimova, Olena Bogach, and Natalia Kovalska. "Demonstration of Inclination to Suicide, Anxiety, and Depression among Young People with Cyber Addiction." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 14, no. 1 (February 9, 2022): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/14.1/507.
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Summary. Analysis of the literature on the issue of formation of different types of cyber addiction indicates its interdisciplinary nature, regarded as part of Psychiatry, Narcology, medical, developmental, differential, and psychology for special needs. The problem of cyber-addiction is currently important, a relatively young field of scientific knowledge and requires further study. The aim is to analyze empirically obtained data on the demonstration of inclination to suicide, anxiety and depression among young people with cyber-addiction. Research hypothesis. Cyber-addictions are one of the types of non-chemical addictions that cause changes in the mental states of the individual. Having identified certain mental states that are characteristic of young people suffering from cyber-addictions, it will be possible to develop adequate psycho-correctional measures for them. Methods: bibliographic, historical, psychodiagnostic, mathematical and statistical methods. Results. According to the results, it was found that among those who demonstrate propensity for cyber-addictions, the indicators of medium and high degree of anxiety predominate, and among people who do not show manifestations of addictive behavior, the level of anxiety is mostly low. None of the respondents had a high degree of depression. Given the gender characteristics, it is possible to note that females are more prone to depressive states than males. When analyzing the results of the study on suicidal tendencies, it was found that among those who do not show propensity to addictive behavior, no respondents were identified who would demonstrate a manifest inclination to suicide. Among those who have manifestations of cyber-addictions, the study has a manifest tendency to commit suicide in the largest number – among girls in the age group of 16 to 18; in all other major groups’ indicators do not exceed 10%. The highest rates in the main groups of examined people were found in the category of possible suicidal tendencies in critical situations.
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Yayan, Emriye Hilal, Mehmet Emin Düken, Yeliz Suna Dağ, and Ayşegül Ulutaş. "Examination of the relationship between nursing student’s internet and smartphone addictions." Journal of Human Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v15i2.5247.
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Aim: The study examines the relationship between college nursing students’ smartphone addiction and internet addictions.Material and Method: The sample of this descriptive relationship-seeking study included 788 college nursing students. A personal information form, the Smartphone Addiction Scale and the Internet Addiction Scale were used as data collection tools.Results: The participants had high smartphone and internet addiction scores. The males were more prone to exhibit addictive behavior. The addiction scores of the students who cannot stand to be away from their phones were higher. Students involved in sports and students with reading habits had lower addiction scores. A strong positive correlation was found between students’ smartphone and internet addiction scores.Conclusions: Due to the strong correlation between smartphone and internet addiction, it was concluded that further research is needed to investigate addictive behaviors, particularly for smartphone addiction.
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Asieieva, Yuliia. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF LIFE AND THE STAGE OF MANIFESTATION OF CYBER ADDICTIONS." Science and Education 2021, no. 1 (March 2021): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2021-1-5.
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The whole world today is rapidly following the path of digitalization of society, cyberspace is becoming a new sphere of reality for the majority of the population. Despite all the advantages of interactive technologies and the speed of obtaining the necessary information due to the prevalence of the Internet. New problematic issues also arise. Almost 8% of the world's population has been already addicted to the Internet, but questions about the nosology, etiology of cyber addictions and their treatment and prevention still remain unresolved. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of social living conditions on the severity of cyber addictions. The following research methods were used: bibliographic and historical analysis of theoretical heritage, psychodiagnostic testing: Test-questionnaire for detecting cyber addiction (TQC) and semi-structured interview of respondents to clarify social living conditions as well as mathematical and statistical methods for data analysis (data processing was done using the program "Microsoft Excel", "SPSS 26.0 for Windows XP"). The study sample consisted of 559 people, including 408 who had certain types of cyber addictions and 151 people who agreed to join the control group (relatively healthy). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of bioethics and deontology. It was found that the most typical addictions for boys are computer addiction, Internet addiction, game addiction and gadget addiction; more typical addictions for girls are cybercommunication addiction and selfie. In correlation analysis (according to Pearson and Tau-b Kendall) of relationship between the influence of social living conditions on the severity of cyber addictions it was found that according to the results of both correlation matrices the links were not revealed between cyber addictions and educational institutions in which our respondents studied; but at the same time a direct relationship was found between computer addiction, Internet addiction, game addiction and cyber-communication addiction with the academic success of cyber-addicts. Such a type of cyber addiction as selfie has an inverse relationship with the material wealth of the family. When analyzing the results obtained by Pearson's correlation analysis, it can be argued that the manifestations of all types of cyber addictions have a medium direct connection with conflicts with parents, a weak direct connection between cyber addictions and conflicts with peers.
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Kalant, Harold. "Neurobiological research on addiction: What value has it added to the concept?" International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 4, no. 1 (June 22, 2015): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.196.
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Kalant, H. (2015). Neurobiological research on addiction: What value has it added to the concept?. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(1), 53-59. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.196The initial goal of neurobiological research on addiction was to identify the neural mechanisms involved in the mediation and expression of addictive behavior. More recently, however, it has attributed causal roles to these mechanisms, as illustrated by the definition of addiction as a brain disease caused by chronic exposure to a drug. This concept carries a number of implications that can be assessed experimentally and clinically. None of these implications is borne out by the currently available evidence. The interactions of neuronal systems involved in addiction are also involved in adaptation to experience and environmental change. Much of the neurobiological research to date has not differentiated between causes of addiction, neuronal mechanisms that are activated by them, and risk factors that contribute to individual vulnerability. It has largely ignored the important experiential and environmental influences known to affect the prevalence of addiction in different populations or different times, and it has so far directed much less attention to other forms of addiction-like behavior that do not involve drugs. These failures are not inherent in neurobiological research but require reorientation of objectives, including more emphasis on the study of mechanisms by which environment and experience, including drug experience, can determine whether genetic risk factors are expressed or remain dormant and can direct neuroadaptive mechanisms toward alternative outcomes.
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Carlisle, Kristy L., Robert M. Carlisle, Gina B. Polychronopoulos, Emily Goodman-Scott, and Andrea Kirk-Jenkins. "Exploring Internet Addiction as a Process Addiction." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 38, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.38.2.07.
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Internet addiction is an emerging global problem with inconsistent nomenclature, diagnostic criteria, and assessment tools. This review explores the complex and conflicting reports of Internet addiction in the literature in an effort to pinpoint the status of this phenomenon. We cite literature related to process additions in order to provide a framework for Internet addiction's potential place amongst diagnosable disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5). Clinical implications of working with people with Internet addiction are emphasized, as is the need for future research.
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Nikolić, Aleksandra. "Smartphone addiction." Zdravstvena zastita 50, no. 2 (2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zdravzast50-32712.
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The number of smartphone users worldwide exceeds three billion today and further growth of several hundred million is projected over the next few years. The development of multifunctional smartphones and their use have changed the way of communication and information, but also led to concerns about their excessive use and dependence. In recent years, research on smartphone addiction has been on the rise. Parallels between excessive smartphone use and behavioral addiction are common in research. According to many authors, "smartphone addiction" can be considered a behavioral addiction. There is evidence for structural and functional changes in the brain, characteristic of behavioral addictions, in people who meet the psychometric criteria for "smartphone addiction." Some authors even suggest criteria for diagnosing smartphone addiction. On the other hand, some authors believe that the use of the term "addiction" can misrepresent the severity of the disorder, and therefore suggest the use of the term "problematic smartphone use". Due to growing concerns about the excessive use of smartphones, much is being done to identify and assess problematic smartphone use, mainly through the development and application of behavioral assessment scales. These scales are specially developed and validated to identify problematic smartphone use or to diagnose people with smartphone addiction, overuse, excessive phone attachment, etc. However, despite the fact that most of these scales are designed to be used for clinical purposes in the future, the problematic use of smartphones as a type of addiction is not in the International Classification of Diseases and these scales are still used only for research purposes. The use of the terms " problematic smartphone use " and "smartphone addiction", different methodological approaches used in the study, such as the application of different scales and the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, make it difficult to define "smartphone addiction". All this supports the fact that "smartphone addiction" is a complex phenomenon that requires additional research.
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Petruzelka, Benjamin, Jaroslav Vacek, Beata Gavurova, Matus Kubak, Roman Gabrhelik, Vladimir Rogalewicz, and Miroslav Bartak. "Interaction of Socioeconomic Status with Risky Internet Use, Gambling and Substance Use in Adolescents from a Structurally Disadvantaged Region in Central Europe." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (July 3, 2020): 4803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134803.
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Background and aims: The current level of knowledge concerning the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on internet use, gambling, and substance use in structurally disadvantaged regions is scarce. The objective of this study was an investigation of the relationship between SES and risky internet use, gambling and substance use in a structurally disadvantaged region in Central Europe. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among high school students (n = 1063) in a Czech structurally disadvantaged region in autumn 2017. Binary Logistic Regression models were applied to data from the modified Excessive Internet Use scale (mEIUS), a standard tool for measuring the risk of addictive behavior on the internet and the risk of excessive gaming. Other data were collected using the Lie/Bet (problematic gambling), CAGE (acronym of the key words: cut, angry, guilty and eye-opener), and the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) (problematic alcohol/cannabis use) tools. Results: There were statistically significant differences between at-risk and not-at-risk groups in addictive behavior on the internet and gaming, while none were found in problematic gambling. Individual dimensions of SES showed significant effects on substance use. Regarding parenting styles, significant differences were found only in the risk of addictive behavior on the internet or gaming between the authoritarian and authoritative styles. Being engaged in behavioral addictions with one´s parents increased the odds of the behavioral addiction risk and decreased the odds of the substance addiction risk. Engagement with one´s parents in substance addictions decreased the odds of the behavioral addiction risk and increased the odds of the substance addiction risk. Discussion and Conclusions: The results point at specific relations between SES and the risk of addictive behaviors on the internet and gaming within structurally disadvantaged regions. The results of SES and/or structurally disadvantaged region measures obtained in research, policy-making, and care-provision may improve the focus of actions taken.
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Rydberg, Ulf. "Addiction Research in Europe." European Addiction Research 1, no. 1-2 (1995): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000259065.
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Campbell, Aimee N. C., Sudie E. Back, Jamie S. Ostroff, Denise A. Hien, Marc N. Gourevitch, Christine E. Sheffer, Kathleen T. Brady, Kathleen Hanley, Sewit Bereket, and Sarah Book. "Addiction Research Training Programs." Journal of Addiction Medicine 11, no. 5 (2017): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/adm.0000000000000328.
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Grant, Jon E., and Samuel R. Chamberlain. "Expanding the definition of addiction: DSM-5 vs. ICD-11." CNS Spectrums 21, no. 4 (May 6, 2016): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852916000183.
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While considerable efforts have been made to understand the neurobiological basis of substance addiction, the potentially “addictive” qualities of repetitive behaviors, and whether such behaviors constitute “behavioral addictions,” is relatively neglected. It has been suggested that some conditions, such as gambling disorder, compulsive stealing, compulsive buying, compulsive sexual behavior, and problem Internet use, have phenomenological and neurobiological parallels with substance use disorders. This review considers how the issue of “behavioral addictions” has been handled by latest revisions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), leading to somewhat divergent approaches. We also consider key areas for future research in order to address optimal diagnostic classification and treatments for such repetitive, debilitating behaviors.
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Ruppert, Ryan, Steve Sussman, and Shanna K. Kattari. "Review: Prevalence and Co-Occurrence of Addictions Among Sexual Minority Subgroups." Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 210–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/lgbtq-2020-0007.
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The purpose of this study is to present current data on the prevalence and co-occurrence of 12 substance and behavioral addictions among adult cisgender sexual minorities (SM). We utilized MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases to systematically review the literature on alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, illicit drugs, gambling, eating/food, Internet, sex, love, exercise, work, and shopping within the SM community. Peer reviewed empirical articles in English from 2000 to 2019 were included. When possible, we compared prevalence and co-occurrence statistics between four SM subgroups (stratified into lesbian women, bisexual women, gay men, and bisexual men), and used heterosexual women and men as reference groups. Studies were scant within each area of addiction with the most studies focusing on addictions acknowledged within the DSM-V (alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, illicit drugs, gambling). Significantly fewer studies addressed the prevalence and co-occurrence of behavioral addictions across SM subgroups. Most studies assessing addiction among SM populations either categorize SMs into a single group or only stratify by gender. However, even with limited research, the findings from this review suggest that significant differences in addictive behaviors exist when comparing one SM subgroup to another. There is a strong need for more research that quantifies these disparities through prevalence and co-occurrence statistics.
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Topilskaya, Olga A. "Internet addiction as a form of addictive personal behavior." Psychological-Pedagogical Journal GAUDEAMUS, no. 49 (2021): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-231x-2021-20-3(49)-26-34.
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We consider Internet addiction as one of the forms of addictive behavior of a person. Considering addiction and dependency as identical concepts we use them in the research equivalently. The opinions of scientists on the essence of “addiction” concept are analyzed and the personal characteristics inherent in addicts are revealed. The attractiveness of addiction for the individual is that representing a kind of psychological defense mechanism against painfully experienced frustrations it creates the illusion of the problem solution. We reveal the factors influencing the appearance of addictive behavior in a person are: social, biological, and also related to individual characteristics, which include psychological characteristics of the individual, reflection in the psyche of psychological traumas in various periods of life. We consider the five stages of addiction occurrence in detail. The models of addictive personality behavior are: calming, communicative, activating, hedonistic, conformal and compensatory. The mechanisms of the emergence of Internet addiction and the personal characteristics of Internet addicts are analyzed. The manifestations of psychological and physiological symptoms of Internet addiction are considered.
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Varga, Claudia, and Ion Copoeru. "Interactions as Source of the Change of Behavior in Addiction and Recovery from Addiction. An Exploratory Study." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philosophia 67, no. 2 (August 12, 2022): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphil.2022.2.07.
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"Based on the findings about the importance of social support network in the success of treatment and long term recovery, this article will provide an insight of the successful elements in addiction individual and group counseling interaction through which addicts manage to overcome the denial of addiction, to accept the recovery program, to go through the stages of recovery, and to identify appropriate research methods for understanding the phenomenon of interaction in recovery from addictions. This exploratory study will attempt to identify an innovative perspective of the aspects pertaining to the recovery from addiction which are susceptible to be disclosed primarily by using methods inspired by the analysis of interactions. The method used in research is qualitative focus group with addictions counsellors and people in recovery, working in a counseling center. Using the application of ELAN software to annotate and transcribe interactions from the video and audio recordings, it will situate the research on addiction and recovery from addiction in the larger field of investigations on communication processes in human interactions in various cultural, social and professional contexts. Key words: stages of recovery, social support, interactions, group, counselor, peer support, motivation to change, self-efficacy, tools for change, stages of change model"
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Baruch, Melanie, Abraham Benarroch, and Gary E. Rockman. "Alcohol and Substance Use in the Jewish Community: A Pilot Study." Journal of Addiction 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/763930.
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Awareness of addictions in the Jewish community is becoming increasingly prevalent, and yet, a gap exists in the literature regarding addictions in this community. Knowledge about the prevalence of addictions within Jewish communities is limited; some believe that Jews cannot be affected by addictions. To address this gap, a pilot study was conducted to gather preliminary evidence relating to addictions and substance use in the Jewish community. Results indicate that a significant portion of the Jewish community knows someone affected by an addiction and that over 20% have a family history of addiction. Future research needs are discussed.
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Kenyhercz, Viktória, Gabriella Frikker, Zsuzsa Kaló, Zsolt Demetrovics, and Bernadette Kun. "Dysfunctional Family Mechanisms, Internalized Parental Values, and Work Addiction: A Qualitative Study." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 9940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169940.
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(1) Background: Work addiction is a syndrome characterized by excessive and compulsive work disturbing one’s health and personal and social life. Several quantitative studies investigated the correlates of work addiction, but the personal experiences of workaholics remained hidden. Our qualitative research explores the perceived parental style and childhood family climate of individuals affected by work addiction. (2) Method: Based on our previous research, we invited 29 individuals (48,3% females) at risk for work addiction based on a work addiction scale. Semi-structured interviews have addressed topics of working habits, work addiction, social relationships, and their early family experiences. The texts were analyzed by qualitative thematic analysis using both deductive and inductive methods. (3) Results: The interviewees were affected by dysfunctional family mechanisms, i.e., lack of sense of security at home and addictions in the family. The participants reported that internalized parental values (transferred values and work attitudes, high expectations, and compulsion to conform) contributed to their later compulsive overwork. (4) Conclusions: Qualitative research can help to emphasize the individuals’ own experiences about the development of their work addiction. Dysfunctional family mechanisms and parental values might be significant risk factors for the work addiction of an offspring.
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Gerhart, Natalie. "Technology Addiction: How Social Network Sites Impact our Lives." Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 20 (2017): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3851.
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Aim/Purpose: The media and research have made significant noise about young people’s addictions to technology, however the American Psychological Association (APA) has reserved judgment on the clinical diagnosis of technology addiction. Research to understand technology addiction is important to the future of information systems development and behavioral usage understanding. Background: Addiction implies that there is a problem from which an IS client needs to try to recover, further implying a negative impact on life. Multiple defini-tions and outcomes of addictions have been studied in the information systems discipline, with virtually no focus on quality of life of the IS client. Methodology: This research employs a survey of students at a large southwestern United States university. Measures were adopted from previously validated sources. The final sample includes 413 usable responses analyzed using PLS. Contribution: This research broadens theoretical and practical understanding of SNS IS client perceptions by relating technology addiction to a broader impact on an individual’s life. By doing so, it provides guidance on society’s understanding of frequent technology use, as well as the development of new systems that are highly used. Findings: This research indicates diminished impulse control, distraction, social influence and satisfaction are all highly correlated with technology addiction; specifically, 55% of the variance in addiction is explained by these four indicators. However, the model further shows addiction has no significant relationship with overall satisfaction of life, indicating that IS clients do not correlate the two ideas. Recommendations for Practitioners: Heavy technology use may indicate a paradigm shift in how people inter-act, instead of a concern to be addressed by the APA. Recommendation for Researchers: Research needs to clearly define technology dependence, addiction, and overuse so that there is a strong understanding of what is meant. These findings help guide assumptions about the dark side of Information Technology. Impact on Society: While technology use is increasing, younger generations may find the use to be acceptable and less of a problem then older generations. Future Research: Future research should replicate these findings on other technology artifacts and other technology addiction definitions. In the future, there is also opportunity to delve deeper into the outcome variable of satisfaction with life.
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Hoes, MJAJM. "Alcoholism and drug addictions." European Psychiatry 12, no. 2 (1997): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(97)89649-6.
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SummaryIn this symposium the nature, epidemiology and extent of psychiatric disorders comorbid with addictions, especially alcoholism, was exposed. Internationally reknown authors from several European countries highlight the diversity and complexity of this problem in particular for depression, anxiety and suicide. The conclusion is that every psychiatrist should be well acquainted with addiction disorders and that no addiction center be allowed to refuse treatment to patients with a psychiatric comorbid disorder. Comorbidity of schizophrenia with addictions should be a future focus of research. Multicultural Europe is an exciting area for further research of the comorbidity problems.
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"Addiction Research." Addiction Research 4, no. 3 (January 1996): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066359609005575.
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"Addiction Research." Addiction Research 5, no. 1 (January 1997): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066359709005585.
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Gearhardt, Ashley N., and Erica M. Schulte. "Is Food Addictive? A Review of the Science." Annual Review of Nutrition 41, no. 1 (June 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-110420-111710.
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As ultraprocessed foods (i.e., foods composed of mostly cheap industrial sources of dietary energy and nutrients plus additives) have become more abundant in our food supply, rates of obesity and diet-related disease have increased simultaneously. Food addiction has emerged as a phenotype of significant empirical interest within the past decade, conceptualized most commonly as a substance-based addiction to ultraprocessed foods. We detail ( a) how approaches used to understand substance-use disorders may be applicable for operationalizing food addiction, ( b) evidence for the reinforcing potential of ingredients in ultraprocessed foods that may drive compulsive consumptions, ( c) the utility of conceptualizing food addiction as a substance-use disorder versus a behavioral addiction, and ( d) clinical and policy implications that may follow if ultraprocessed foods exhibit an addictive potential. Broadly, the existing literature suggests biological and behavioral parallels between food addiction and substance addictions, with ultraprocessed foods high in both added fat and refined carbohydrates being most implicated in addictive-like eating. Future research priorities are also discussed, including the need for longitudinal studies and the potential negative impact of addictive ultraprocessed foods on children. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Stojek, Monika M., and Cara M. Murphy. "Examination of Individual Differences in Susceptibility to Food Addiction using Alcohol and Addiction Research Domain Criteria (AARDoC): Recent Findings and Directions for the Future." Current Addiction Reports, August 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40429-022-00433-8.
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Abstract Purpose of Review Alcohol and Addiction Research Domain Criteria (AARDoC) is a transdiagnostic, circuits-based framework for studying addictive behaviors. We examined parallels in individual differences that might increase susceptibility to FA and other addictive disorders using the following units of analysis in AARDoC domains: craving, relative reinforcing value of food and attention bias in the incentive salience domain; decisional impulsivity (delay discounting) and inhibitory control (Go-No-Go, Conner’s Continuous Performance Test, and the flanker task) in the executive function domain; and emotion dysregulation and negative urgency in the negative emotionality domain. Recent Findings There are a number of parallels between FA and other addictions in the incentive salience and negative emotionality domains, but somewhat divergent findings in the executive function domain. Trauma appears to be an important environmental stressor in maintenance of FA. Summary AARDoC may be a useful organizing framework for studying addictions, including FA. Future studies should incorporate other units of analysis to better characterize FA.
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Mozghova, T. P., V. V. Viun, and L. M. Gaichuk. "Internet addiction as a manifestation of modern maladaptive behavior." Medicine Today and Tomorrow 87, no. 2 (March 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ekm.2021.90.1.mvg.
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At the present stage of psychiatry development, proportion of maladaptive states and behavioral disorders is growing rapidly. Its problems relate to the section of psychiatry – "addiction psychiatry", systematically studies the forms, types, pathogenesis, therapy and prevention of addictive behavior, as well as the rehabilitation of addictive patients. The combination of maladaptive states with non-chemical addictions reveals many uncertain questions about the prevalence and structure of addictive disorders in adjustment disorders, algorithms for diagnostics, therapy and prevention, which necessitates research in this area. To achieve our aim a comprehensive survey 105 patients with maladaptive states in the structure of Internet addiction (addictive variant of maladaptation) were examined. Taking into account purpose of the study, medical psychological, clinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostics and statistical methods were used in the research. During the study phenomenology of structural components of pathological desire to stay on the Internet was revealed: the ideational component was manifested by obsessive fantasizing about staying online, illusion of online time control, anticipation of being able to be online, personification of computer attributes, reduction of criticism: behavioral component was in conflicts, deviation from responsibilities and assignments, imitation of activity; emotional component was manifested by anxious-depressive symptoms during offline, incontinence of emotions, irritability. The key role in pathopsychological mechanisms of Internet addiction in the structure of maladaptive states belongs to the deactualization of basic personality needs, existence of an existential vacuum which leads to the formation of Internet addictive behavior, which allows to escape to the virtual world of formalized relationships. Keywords: dependence, non-chemical addiction, adjustment disorders, maladaptive states, maladaptive behavior.
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Pallanti, Stefano, Anna Marras, and Nikolaos Makris. "A Research Domain Criteria Approach to Gambling Disorder and Behavioral Addictions: Decision-Making, Response Inhibition, and the Role of Cannabidiol." Frontiers in Psychiatry 12 (September 17, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.634418.
Full textAbstract:
Gambling Disorder (GD) has been recently re-classified in the DSM-5 under the “substance-related and addictive disorders,” in light of its genetic, endophenotypic, and phenotypic resemblances to substance dependence. Diminished control is a core defining concept of psychoactive substance dependence or addiction and has given rise to the concept of “behavioral” addictions, which are syndromes analogous to substance addiction, but with a behavioral focus other than ingestion of a psychoactive substance. The main symptom clusters are represented by loss of control, craving/withdrawal, and neglect of other areas of life, whereas in a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) perspective, GD patients exhibit deficits in the domain of “Positive valence systems,” particularly in the “Approach motivation” and “Reward learning” constructs, as well as in the “Cognitive systems,” primarily in the “Cognitive control” construct. In the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA), three relevant domains for addictions emerge: “Incentive salience,” “Negative Emotionality,” and “Executive Function.” The endocannabinoid system (ECS) may largely modulate these circuits, presenting a promising pharmaceutical avenue for treating addictions. Up to now, research on cannabidiol has shown some efficacy in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), whereas in behavioral addictions its role has not been fully elucidated, as well as its precise action on RDoC domains. Herein, we review available evidence on RDoC domains affected in GD and behavioral addictions and summarize insights on the use of cannabidiol in those disorders and its potential mechanisms of action on reward, decisional, and sensorimotor processes.
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"Integrating addiction research." Nature Neuroscience 14, no. 5 (April 26, 2011): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0511-533.
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