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Craciun, Viorel. "A tunable optical add-drop multiplexer." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26463.
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Tunable add-drop multiplexer systems that are feasible and exhibit good performance characteristics are highly desirable for building all-optical transmission systems. A novel sparse tunable optical add/drop multiplexer subsystem consisting of eight tunable single-ring resonator based optical filters, and two eight-channel phase array devices, is proposed to allow sparse optical channels add and/or drop. The design takes advantage of the main limitation of single ring resonator-based optical filters, namely the rather limited free spectral range and in effect the limited number of communication channels that can be processed. The tunable filters provide add and drop functions of the selected channels whereas the phase array devices provide demultiplexing and multiplexing functions for the inbound and the outbound channels respectively. The coupled mode theory, its transfer matrix formalism, and the theory of spectral analysis of signals are used to carry out preliminary performance analysis of the single-ring resonator based tunable add-drop filter, to optimize, and finally to characterize its performance. This approach allows an accurate evaluation of filter characteristics, namely the transfer functions between any ports of the device. A wavelength-domain simulation method, coupled with a time/frequency-domain simulation method, is used to analyse the performance of the tunable OADM in linear, ring, and mesh all-optical wavelength-division multiplexing networks/transmission systems. Our performance evaluation demonstrates that the tunable OADM could be successfully employed in linear, ring, and mesh all-optical dense-division multiplexing networks/transmission systems with bit rates up to 10 Gbit/s.
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Boeck, Robert. "Silicon ring resonator add-drop multiplexers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37779.
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Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides have become an attractive area of research to decrease the footprint of optical interconnects as well as to ensure high speed data transmission. Specifically, research into using SOI ring resonator add-drop filters for WDM applications have been increasingly pursued. A ring resonator coupled on both sides by straight waveguides enables one to add (multiplex) or drop (demultiplex) wavelengths. Using series-coupled ring resonators, with each resonator having a different length, enables better spectral performance than single ring resonators. In this thesis, we have analyzed the properties of SOI strip waveguides and directional couplers. We have compared different spectral properties of single and series-coupled ring resonators and showed the advantages of using series-coupled ring resonators. SOI strip waveguide series-coupled racetrack resonators exhibiting the Vernier effect were designed by us and fabricated at a leading edge foundry. The free spectral range was 36 nm, which is comparable to the span of the optical C-band. The drop port response showed interstitial peak suppression between 9 dB and 17 dB and minimal resonance splitting.
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Thalmann, Markus Andreas. "A SDH Add/Drop Multiplexer as "System-On-Chip" /." Konstanz : Hartung-Gorre, 2000. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0601/00465005.html.
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Golinescu, Nicolae. "A 2.5 Gb/s CMOS add-drop multiplexer for ATM." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0001/MQ45608.pdf.
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Sato, Ken-ichi, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Yoshiyuki Yamada, and Yuki Taniguchi. "Coarse Granular Optical Routing Networks Utilizing Fine Granular Add/Drop." Optical Society of America and IEEE, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/21042.
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Fong, Chung Yan. "Silicon-based laterally waveguide-coupled square microcavity channel add-drop filters /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202004%20FONG.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-103). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Le, Hai Chau, Hiroshi Hasegawa, and Ken-ichi Sato. "Hierarchical Optical Path Network Design Algorithm Considering Waveband Add/Drop Ratio Constraint." IEEE, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12092.
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Huang, Joseph C. (Joseph Chow) 1977. "Fabrication of a planar optical add/drop channel filter in silicon oxynitride." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87205.
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Ma, Ning. "Laterally coupled hexagonal micro-pillar resonator add-drop filters for optical communications /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202004%20MA.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-141). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Brancalion, José Fernando Basso. "Avaliação das limitações de desempenho em multiplexadores \"ADD/DROP\" para redes fotônicas WDM." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18133/tde-02062017-092115/.
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O principal objetivo deste trabalho é a avaliação das limitações de desempenho de multiplexadores \"add/drop\", a serem empregados em sistemas de comunicações ópticas multiplexados em comprimentos de onda (Wavelength Division Multiplexing -WDM) de alta velocidade, que operam em torno de 1.55 μm. Com a introdução da transmissão de dados utilizando-se a técnica WDM há a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novos componentes ópticos, como multiplexadores e demultiplexadores \"add/drop\" e \"cross-connects\" ópticos. O desenvolvimento destes componentes possibilitará a evolução dos simples enlaces WDM ponto a ponto para a rede totalmente óptica. Neste cenário os multiplexadores ópticos add/drop (Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer - OADM) desempenharão um papel chave, permitindo maior conectividade e flexibilidade nas redes WDM. Neste trabalho é especificamente analisado o OADM mencionado acima. É realizado o estuido individual dos componentes que constituem uma configuração genérica deste dispositivo. São analisados a chave óptica e o divisor/combinador de potência, sendo discutido o procedimento de projeto para a otimização do seu desempenho.The main goal of this work is the evaluation of the limitations regarding the performance in add/drop multiplexers, which will be used in optical systems employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), working in high speed and operating around 1.55 μm. With the introduction of WDM technique in order to transmit optical signals, there is a need to develop new optical devices, such as optical add/drop multiplexers (OADM) and demultiplexers. The development of these devices will allow the evolution of lightwave systems from single-wavelength point-to-point links to the wavelength division multiplexed optical networks. In this context, optical add/drop multiplexers will play a main role, making possible the connectivity and flexibility increase of WDM networks. In this work the OADM cited above is specifically studied. An individual study of the devices that constitute a generic configuration of the OADM is carried out. The optical switch and the power divider/combiner are analyzed, as well as the design techniques to improve their performances.
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Zheng, Shengmei. "Circular microresonator cross-connect filters and hexagonal microresonator add-drop filters in silicon nitride /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202005%20ZHENG.
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ZHANG, NAN. "FORWARD AND BACKWARD GRATING-ASSISTED DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS IN SILICON FOR WAVELENGTH MULTIPLEXING ADD-DROP APPLICATIONS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1155661792.
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Namnabat, Soha, Kyung-Jo Kim, Adam Jones, Roland Himmelhuber, Christopher T. DeRose, Douglas C. Trotter, Andrew L. Starbuck, Andrew Pomerene, Anthony L. Lentine, and Robert A. Norwood. "Athermal silicon optical add-drop multiplexers based on thermo-optic coefficient tuning of sol-gel material." OPTICAL SOC AMER, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625995.
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Silicon photonics has gained interest for its potential to provide higher efficiency, bandwidth and reduced power consumption compared to electrical interconnects in datacenters and high performance computing environments. However, it is well known that silicon photonic devices suffer from temperature fluctuations due to silicon's high thermo-optic coefficient and therefore, temperature control in many applications is required. Here we present an athermal optical add-drop multiplexer fabricated from ring resonators. We used a sol-gel inorganic-organic hybrid material as an alternative to previously used materials such as polymers and titanium dioxide. In this work we studied the thermal curing parameters of the sol-gel and their effect on thermal wavelength shift of the rings. With this method, we were able to demonstrate a thermal shift down to -6.8 pm/% for transverse electric (TE) polarization in ring resonators with waveguide widths of 325 nm when the sol-gel was cured at 130 % for 10.5 hours. We also achieved thermal shifts below 1 pm/% for transverse magnetic (TM) polarization in the C band under different curing conditions. Curing time compared to curing temperature shows to be the most important factor to control sol-gel's thermo-optic value in order to obtain an athermal device in a wide temperature range. (C) 2017 Optical Society of America
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MORIWAKI, Osamu, Ken-ichi SATO, Hiroshi HASEGAWA, Kiyo ISHII, and Ryosuke HIRAKO. "Compact Matrix-Switch-Based Hierarchical Optical Path Cross-Connect with Colorless Waveband Add/Drop Ratio Restriction." 電子情報通信学会, 2011. https://search.ieice.org/.
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SATO, Ken-ichi, Hiroshi HASEGAWA, and Yoshiyuki YAMADA. "Optical Node Architectures That Utilize Dedicated Add/Drop Switches to Realize Colorless, Directionless and Contentionless Capability." 電子情報通信学会, 2012. https://search.ieice.org/.
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POH, Chung, and chungp@student ecu edu au. "OPTO-VLSI PROCESSING FOR RECONFIGURABLE OPTICAL DEVICES." Edith Cowan University. Computing, Health And Science: School Of Engineering, 2006. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0023.html.
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The implementation of Wavelength Division Multiplexing system (WDM) optical fibre transmission systems has the potential to realise this high capacity data rate exceeding 10 Tb/s. The ability to reconfigure optical networks is a desirable attribute for future metro applications where light paths can be set up or taken down dynamically as required in the network. The use of microelectronics in conjunction with photonics enables intelligence to be added to the high-speed capability of photonics, thus realising reconfigurable optical devices which can revolutionise optical telecommunications and many more application areas. In this thesis, we investigate and demonstrate the capability of Opto-VLSI processors to realise a reconfigurable WDM optical device of many functions, namely, optical multiband filtering, optical notch filtering, and reconfigurable-Optical-Add-Drop Multiplexing (ROADM). We review the potential technologies available for tunable WDM components, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We also develop a simple yet effective algorithm that optimises the performance of Opto-VLSI processors, and demonstrate experimentally the multi-function WDM devices employing Opto-VLSI processors. Finally, the feasibility of Opto-VLSI-based WDM devices in meeting the stringent requirements of the optical communications industry is discussed.
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Mansoor, Riyadh. "Crosstalk and signal integrity in ring resonator based optical add/drop multiplexers for wavelength-division-multiplexing networks." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11396.
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With 400 Gbps Ethernet being developed at the time of writing this thesis, all-optical networks are a solution to the increased bandwidth requirements of data communication allowing architectures to become increasingly integrated. High density integration of optical components leads to potential ‘Optical/Photonic’ electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and signal integrity (SI) issues due to the close proximity of optical components and waveguides. Optical EMC issues are due to backscatter, crosstalk, stray light, and substrate modes. This thesis has focused on the crosstalk in Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADMs) as an EMC problem. The main research question is: “How can signal integrity be improved and crosstalk effects mitigated in small-sized OADMs in order to enhance the optical EMC in all-optical networks and contribute to the increase in integration scalability?” To answer this question, increasing the crosstalk suppression bandwidth rather than maximizing the crosstalk suppression ratio is proposed in ring resonator based OADMs. Ring resonators have a small ‘real estate’ requirement and are, therefore, potentially useful for large scale integrated optical systems. A number of approaches such as over-coupled rings, vertically-coupled rings and rings with random and periodic roughness are adopted to effectively reduce the crosstalk between 10 Gbps modulated channels in OADMs. An electromagnetic simulation-driven optimization technique is proposed and used to optimize filter performance of vertically coupled single ring OADMs. A novel approach to analyse and exploit semi-periodic sidewall roughness in silicon waveguides is proposed. Grating-assisted ring resonator design is presented and optimized to increase the crosstalk suppression bandwidth.
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Hirako, Ryosuke, Kiyo Ishii, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Ken-ichi Sato, and Osamu Moriwaki. "Hierarchical optical cross-connect architecture that implements colorless waveband add/drop ratio restriction utilizing a novel wavelength multi/demultiplexers." IEEE, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14028.
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Poh, Chung-Kiak. "Opto-VLSI processing for reconfigurable optical devices." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/91.
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The implementation of Wavelength Division Multiplexing system (WDM) optical fibre transmission systems has the potential to realise this high capacity data rate exceeding 10 Tb/s. The ability to reconfigure optical networks is a desirable attribute for future metro applications where light paths can be set up or taken down dynamically as required in the network. The use of microelectronics in conjunction with photonics enables intelligence to be added to the high-speed capability of photonics, thus realising reconfigurable optical devices which can revolutionise optical telecommunications and many more application areas. In this thesis, we investigate and demonstrate the capability of Opto-VLSI processors to realise a reconfigurable WDM optical device of many functions, namely, optical multiband filtering, optical notch filtering, and reconfigurable-Optical-Add-Drop Multiplexing (ROADM). We review the potential technologies available for tunable WDM components, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We also develop a simple yet effective algorithm that optimises the performance of Opto-VLSI processors, and demonstrate experimentally the multi-function WDM devices employing Opto-VLSI processors. Finally, the feasibility of Opto-VLSI-based WDM devices in meeting the stringent requirements of the optical communications industry is discussed.
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Ferrier, Lydie. "Micro-nanostructures à base de cristaux photonique pour le contrôle 3D de la lumière." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECDL0038.
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Furtado, Filho Antonio Francisco Gomes. "Estudo do desempenho do multiplexador/demultiplexador ADD/DROP baseado na configuração do interferômetro de Michelson de fibras ópticas para aplicações em sistemas OTDMA E OCDMA." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/3820.
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FURTADO FILHO, A. F. G. Estudo do desempenho do multiplexador/demultiplexador ADD/DROP baseado na configuração do interferômetro de Michelson de fibras ópticas para aplicações em sistemas OTDMA E OCDMA. 2012. 109 f. Tese (Doutorado em Teleinformática) - Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2012.Submitted by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br) on 2012-09-17T16:24:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_afgfurtadofilho.pdf: 2441801 bytes, checksum: 1fb8b6d1533028de310b29a6ba1f70aa (MD5)
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This work, in addition the chapters which involves both theory and definitions, was basically divided three studies: First (chapter 4), we present a numerical investigation of the performance of a bandpass filter composed of an all-optical directional coupler, followed by two double bars Bragg recorded symmetrically equal outputs in their arms. This configuration features a Michelson interferometer with characteristics of an add/ drop filter. The transmission characteristics (T), extinction rate (XR) and "crosstalk" (XT) were studied based on the application of a CW signal (continuous wave) into the device. Theory of coupled modes and the Runge Kutta fourth order were applied respectively to solve the coupled differential equations. This is the first study considering the nonlinearity of the coupler and the linearity of Bragg gratings. The device features a highly nonlinear behavior as a function of dephasing between the amplitudes of the reflected beams and depending on the input power. In a second step (section 5), the propagation and switching of ultrashort pulse (~ 2PS) Michelson interferometer using an optical fiber. In this study the performance of the interferometer is studied as a function of the nonlinear characteristics of the coupler and Bragg gratings. The numerical studies were made from the coupled mode equations solved using the Runge-Kutta 4th order. The pulse switching characteristics were analyzed as a function of input power and applied to one dephasing Bragg gratings. The transmission characteristics (T), extinction coefficient (XR), "crosstalk" (XT), the compression factor (CF) and shape of the pulses were analyzed for different values of phase and different input powers. We use three values of input power: below the critical power (1W = P0), equal to the critical power (P0 = 1.73W) and above the critical power (P0 = 1.95W). Through this study, it is found that the transmission rate of extinction, "crosstalk" and compression factor depends on the power of the pump device inserted into the gap and applied The Michelson interferometer fiber implement major component with applications in optical networks, such as demultiplexers add/drop. This device has attracted considerable interest in the field of telecommunications due to its ability of high transmission rates. In the third place was presented a numerical simulation study of the performance of encoding and decoding of short optical pulses (ps) systems OCDMA (Optical Code Division Multiple Access based on X FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating ) where codes are inserted through discrete jumps in the optical phase (± π). For generation of coded pulses were used Gold codes obtained analytically. We look at how the inclusion of additional codes affect the autocorrelation and cross correlation. The Michelson interferometer initially studied Chapters 4 was used for propagation and switching of encrypted signals. Based on the characteristics of transmission (T) and extinction rate (XR) did a study of the device as multiplexer / demultiplexer add / drop in the recovery of coded pulses.
Neste trabalho, além dos capítulos que envolvem a teoria e definições, foi basicamente divido em três estudos: Primeiro (capítulo 4), apresentamos uma investigação numérica do desempenho de um filtro passa-banda totalmente óptico composto por um acoplador direcional duplo seguido de duas grades de Bragg simetricamente iguais gravadas nos seus braços de saída. Esta configuração caracteriza um Interferômetro de Michelson com características de um filtro add/drop. As características de transmissão (T), taxa de extinção (XR) e “crosstalk” (XT) foram estudadas a partir da aplicação de um sinal CW (onda contínua) na entrada do dispositivo. A teoria de modos acoplados e o método de Runge Kutta de 4a ordem foram aplicados, respectivamente para resolver as equações diferenciais acopladas. Este é o primeiro estudo feito considerando a não linearidade do acoplador e a linearidade das grades de Bragg. O dispositivo apresenta um comportamento altamente não-linear em função do defasamento entre as amplitudes dos feixes refletidos e em função da potência de entrada. Num segundo momento (capítulo 5) apresentamos a propagação e chaveamento de pulsos ultracurto (~2ps) usando um interferômetro de Michelson de Fibras Ópticas. Neste estudo o desempenho do interferômetro é estudado como uma função das características não lineares do acoplador e das grades de Bragg. Os estudos numéricos foram feitos a partir das equações de modos acoplados resolvidas usando o método de Runge-Kutta de 4ª ordem. As características de chaveamento do pulso foram analisadas em função da potência de entrada e do defasamento aplicado em uma das grades de Bragg. As características de transmissão (T), coeficiente de Extinção (XR), “crosstalk” (XT), fator de compressão (FC). Utilizamos três valores de potência de entrada: abaixo da potência critica (P0=1W), igual a potência crítica (P0=1,73W) e acima da potência crítica (P0=1,95W). Através deste estudo, pode-se verificar que a transmissão, taxa de extinção, “crosstalk” e fator de compressão dependem da potência da bombeio inserida no dispositivo e da defasagem aplicada. O interferômetro de Michelson em fibras implementa componente de grande importância para aplicações em redes ópticas, como os demultiplexadores add/drop. Este dispositivo tem atraído bastante interesse no campo das telecomunicações devido a sua alta capacidade de taxas de transmissão. Num terceiro momento foi apresentado um estudo de simulação numérica do desempenho da codificação e decodificação de pulsos ópticos curtos (ps) em sistemas OCDMA (Optical Code Division Multiple Access – acesso VIII múltiplo por divisão de código no domínio óptico) baseado em FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating – grade de Bragg em fibra óptica) onde os códigos são inseridos através de saltos discretos na fase óptica (±π). Para geração de pulsos codificados foram utilizados códigos de Gold obtidos analiticamente. Analisamos como a inserção de códigos adicionais afetam a autocorrelação e correlação cruzada. O interferômetro de Michelson inicialmente estudado no capítulo 4 foi utilizado para propagação e chaveamento de sinais codificados. Baseados nas características de Transmissão (T) e Taxa de extinção (XR) fizemos um estudo do dispositivo como multiplexador /demultiplexador add/drop na recuperação de pulsos codificados.
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Rugeland, Patrik. "Applications of monolithic fiber interferometers and actively controlled fibers." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Laserfysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118750.
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The objective of this thesis was to develop applications of monolithic fiber devices and actively controlled fibers. A special twin-core fiber known as a ‘Gemini’ fiber was used to construct equal arm-length fiber interferometers, impervious to temperature and mechanical perturbations. A broadband add/drop multiplexer was constructed by inscribing fiber Bragg gratings in the arms of a Gemini Mach-Zehnder interferometer. A broadband interferometric nanosecond switch was constructed from a micro-structured Gemini fiber with incorporated metal electrodes. Additionally, a Michelson fiber interferometer was built from an asymmetric twin-core fiber and used as a high-temperature sensor. While the device could be readily used to measure temperatures below 300 °C, an annealing process was required to extend the range up to 700 °C. The work included development, construction and evaluation of the components along with numerical simulations to estimate their behaviors and to understand the underlying processes. The thesis also explored the use of electrically controlled fibers for filtering in the microwave domain. An ultra-narrow phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating inscribed in a fiber with internal electrodes was used as a scanning filter to measure modulation frequencies applied to an optical carrier. A similar grating was used inside a dual-wavelength fiber laser cavity, to generated tunable microwave beat frequencies. The studied monolithic fiber interferometers and actively controlled fibers provide excellent building blocks in such varied field as in microwave photonics, telecommunications, sensors, and high-speed switching, and will allow for further applications in the future.Syftet med denna avhandling var att utveckla tillämpningar av monolitiska fiber komponenter samt aktivt kontrollerbara fiber. En speciell tvillingkärnefiber, även kallad ’Geminifiber’ användes för att konstruera fiber interferometrar med identisk armlängd som ej påverkas av termiska och mekaniska variationer. En bredbanding utbytarmultiplexor konstruerades genom att skriva in fiber Bragg gitter inuti grenarna på en Gemini Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Geminifibrer med interna metallelektroder användes för att konstruera en bredbandig nanosekundsnabb interferometrisk fiberomkopplare. Därtill användes en tvillingkärnefiber som en hög-temperatursensor. Även om komponenten direkt kan användas upp till 300 °C, måste den värmebehandlas för att kunna användas upp till 700 °C. Arbetet har innefattat utveckling, konstruktion och utvärdering av komponenterna parallellt med numeriska simuleringar för att analysera deras beteenden samt få insikt om de underliggande fysikaliska processerna. Avhandlingen behandlar även tillämpningar av en elektriskt styrbar fiber för att filtrera radiofrekvenser. Ett ultrasmalt fasskiftat fiber Bragg gitter skrevs in i en fiber med interna elektroder och användes som ett svepande filter för att mäta modulationsfrekvensen på en optisk bärfrekvens. Ett liknande gitter användes inuti en laserkavitet för att generera två olika våglängder samtidigt. Dessa två våglängder användes sedan för att generera en svävningsfrekvens i mikrovågsbandet. De undersökta monolitiska fiberinterferometrarna och de aktivt styrbara fibrerna erbjuder en utmärkt byggsten inom så pass skiljda områden som Mikrovågsfotonik, Telekommunikation, Sensorer samt Höghastighets-omkopplare och bör kunna användas inom många olika tillämpningar i framtiden.
QC 20130226
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Fazel, Sina. "ROADM node implementation in agile optical network." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0002.
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Le trafic dans les réseaux optiques est en constante augmentation depuis de nombreuses années. CISCO affirme qu'il devrait augmenter d'un facteur 13 en 2020. Ceci induit une augmentation de la consommation énergétique et de l'évolution de la taille des réseaux entrainant un accroissement de la complexité des réseaux. Dans ce contexte, pour répondre à l'augmentation du débit dans les réseaux et procure un réseau de télécommunications fiable, il faut prévoir une planification et une ingénierie de réseaux adaptées. Dans ce but, nous étudions dans cette thèse le design d'un nœud de commutation optique ROADM. nous considérons différentes architectures de nœud, composants et sous-systèmes utilisés dans les configurations de nœud RODM "Broadcast and Select" et "Route and Select". Diverses configurations de modules d'insertion/extraction sont analysées ("Colored/colorless, directional/directionless et contentional/contentionless"). Pour ce faire, nous avons développé un simulateur de nœud ROADM dans une plateforme de trafic dynamique et nous avons proposé une stratégie de gestion offline de la contention à l'intérieur du nœud. Nous avons obtenu une réduction du rapport de blocage intra noeud de l'ordre de 1.5. Ensuite, nous nous sommes focalisés sur la planification des futures générations de réseaux optiques métro cœur. Dans ce but, nous avons étudié la possibilité d'une transmission non cohérente à 100 Gb/s en utilisant le format de modulation PDM-DQPSK. Ensuite, nous avons considéré l'implémentation de la PDM-CS-DQPSK. La qualité de transmission de ces deux systèmes a finalement été évaluéeTraffic demand is exponentially increasing in recent years. Cisco forecast claims that by 2020, transport traffic will be 13 times of today's traffic transmission. This incremental traffic demand makes concerns about energy consumption and network scalability as well as increasing the network complexity. In this respect, to adresse the future traffic demand requirement and provide a reliable telecommunication network, precise network planning and engineering are needed. To this aim, we adress the problem of ROADM node design by presenting different architectures, components and subsystems to investigate the Broadcast and Select and Route and Select ROADM node architectures. Colored/colorless, directional/directionless and contentional/contentionless add/drop module configurations are studied. Futhermore, the problem of Intra Node Blocking is investigated by developing a node simulator in a dynamic network traffic platform. In this respect, we propose an offline contention management strategy for an ROADMnode in order to efficiently decrease the Intra Node blocking ration by more than 1.5 order of magnitude. Finally, we focus on network planning by investigating short and medium term network upgrades for metro-core optical network. To this goal, we investigate the possibility of non coherent signal transmission in metro-core segment of hierarchical layered optical network. Quality of transmission for 100 Gbit/s PDM-DQPSK-modulation format is investigated. Then, we propose the implementation of PDM-CS-DQPSK modulation format to transmit 100 Gbit/s signals in ROADM based optical transmission systems
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Wosinski, Lech. "Technology for photonic components in silica/silicon material structure." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3556.
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The main objectives of this thesis were to develop a lowtemperature PECVD process suitable for optoelectronicintegration, and to optimize silica glass composition forUV-induced modifications of a refractive index in PECVDfabricated planar devices. The most important achievement isthe successful development of a low temperature silicadeposition, which for the first time makes it is possible tofabricate good quality low loss integrated components whilekeeping the temperature below 250oC during the entirefabrication process. Two strong absorption peaks thatappear at1.5 mm communication window due to N-H and Si-H bonds have beencompletely eliminated by process optimization. This openspossibilities for monolithic integration with other,temperature sensitive devices, such as semiconductor lasers anddetectors, or polymer-based structures on the common siliconplatform. PECVD technology for low loss amorphous silicon inapplication to SiO2/Si based photonic crystal structures hasbeen also optimized to remove hydrogen incorporated during thedeposition process, responsible for the porosity of thedeposited material and creation of similar to silica absorptionbands.
Change of the refractive index of germanium doped silicaunder UV irradiation is commonly used for fabrication of UVinduced fiber Bragg gratings. Here we describe our achievementsin fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings and their application todistributed sensor systems. Recently we have built up a laserlab for UV treatment in application to planar technology. Wehave demonstrated the high photosensitivity of PECVD depositedGe-doped glasses (not thermally annealed) even without hydrogenloading, leading to a record transmission suppression of 47dBin a Bragg grating photoinduced in a straight buried channelwaveguide. We have also used a UV induced refractive indexchange to introduce other device modifications or functions,such as phase shift, wavelength trimming and control ofpolarization birefringence.The developed low temperature technology and the UVprocessing form a unique technology platform for development ofnovel integrated functional devices for optical communicationsystems.
A substantial part of the thesis has been devoted tostudying different plasma deposition parameters and theirinfluence on the optical characteristics of fabricatedwaveguides to find the processing window giving the besttrade-off between the deposition rate,chamber temperatureduring the process, optical losses and presence of absorptionbands within the interesting wavelength range. The optimalconditions identified in this study are low pressure (300-400mTorr), high dilution of silane in nitrous oxide and high totalflow (2000 sccm), low frequency (380 KHz) RF source and high RFpower levels (800-1000 W).
The thesis provides better understanding of the plasmareactions during the deposition process. RF Power is the keyparameter for increasing the rate of surface processes so as toaccommodate each atomic layer in the lowest energy statepossible. All the process conditions which favor a moreenergetic ion bombardment (i.e. low pressure, low frequency andhigh power) improve the quality of the material, making it moredense and similar to thermal oxide, but after a certain pointthe positive trend with increasing power saturates. As theenergy of the incoming ion increases, a competing effect setsin at the surface: ion induced damage and resputtering.
Finally, the developed technologies were applied for thefabrication of some test and new concept devices for opticalcommunication systems including multimode interference (MMI)-based couplers/splitters, state-of-the-art arrayed waveguidegrating-based multi/ demultiplexers, the first Bragg gratingassisted MMI-based add-drop multiplexer, as well as moreresearch oriented devices such as a Mach-Zehnder switch basedon silica poling and a Photonic Crystal-based coupler.
Keywords:silica-on-silicon technology, PECVD, plasmadeposition, photonic integrated circuits, planar waveguidedevices, UV Bragg gratings, photosensitivity, arrayed waveguidegratings, multimode interference couplers, add-dropmultiplexers.
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Filho, Antonio Francisco Gomes Furtado. "Estudo do desempenho do Multiplexador/Demultiplexador add/dropbaseado na configuraÃÃo do InterferÃmetro de Michelson de fibras Ãpticas para aplicaÃÃes em sistemas OTDMA e OCDMA." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7784.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Neste trabalho, alÃm dos capÃtulos que envolvem a teoria e definiÃÃes, foi basicamente divido em trÃs estudos: Primeiro (capÃtulo 4), apresentamos uma investigaÃÃo numÃrica do desempenho de um filtro passa-banda totalmente Ãptico composto por um acoplador direcional duplo seguido de duas grades de Bragg simetricamente iguais gravadas nos seus braÃos de saÃda. Esta configuraÃÃo caracteriza um InterferÃmetro de Michelson com caracterÃsticas de um filtro add/drop. As caracterÃsticas de transmissÃo (T), taxa de extinÃÃo (XR) e âcrosstalkâ (XT) foram estudadas a partir da aplicaÃÃo de um sinal CW (onda contÃnua) na entrada do dispositivo. A teoria de modos acoplados e o mÃtodo de Runge Kutta de 4a ordem foram aplicados, respectivamente para resolver as equaÃÃes diferenciais acopladas. Este à o primeiro estudo feito considerando a nÃo linearidade do acoplador e a linearidade das grades de Bragg. O dispositivo apresenta um comportamento altamente nÃo-linear em funÃÃo do defasamento entre as amplitudes dos feixes refletidos e em funÃÃo da potÃncia de entrada. Num segundo momento (capÃtulo 5) apresentamos a propagaÃÃo e chaveamento de pulsos ultracurto (~2ps) usando um interferÃmetro de Michelson de Fibras Ãpticas. Neste estudo o desempenho do interferÃmetro à estudado como uma funÃÃo das caracterÃsticas nÃo lineares do acoplador e das grades de Bragg. Os estudos numÃricos foram feitos a partir das equaÃÃes de modos acoplados resolvidas usando o mÃtodo de Runge-Kutta de 4 ordem. As caracterÃsticas de chaveamento do pulso foram analisadas em funÃÃo da potÃncia de entrada e do defasamento aplicado em uma das grades de Bragg. As caracterÃsticas de transmissÃo (T), coeficiente de ExtinÃÃo (XR), âcrosstalkâ (XT), fator de compressÃo (FC). Utilizamos trÃs valores de potÃncia de entrada: abaixo da potÃncia critica (P0=1W), igual a potÃncia crÃtica (P0=1,73W) e acima da potÃncia crÃtica (P0=1,95W). AtravÃs deste estudo, pode-se verificar que a transmissÃo, taxa de extinÃÃo, âcrosstalkâ e fator de compressÃo dependem da potÃncia da bombeio inserida no dispositivo e da defasagem aplicada. O interferÃmetro de Michelson em fibras implementa componente de grande importÃncia para aplicaÃÃes em redes Ãpticas, como os demultiplexadores add/drop. Este dispositivo tem atraÃdo bastante interesse no campo das telecomunicaÃÃes devido a sua alta capacidade de taxas de transmissÃo. Num terceiro momento foi apresentado um estudo de simulaÃÃo numÃrica do desempenho da codificaÃÃo e decodificaÃÃo de pulsos Ãpticos curtos (ps) em sistemas OCDMA (Optical Code Division Multiple Access â acesso VIII mÃltiplo por divisÃo de cÃdigo no domÃnio Ãptico) baseado em FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating â grade de Bragg em fibra Ãptica) onde os cÃdigos sÃo inseridos atravÃs de saltos discretos na fase Ãptica (Âπ). Para geraÃÃo de pulsos codificados foram utilizados cÃdigos de Gold obtidos analiticamente. Analisamos como a inserÃÃo de cÃdigos adicionais afetam a autocorrelaÃÃo e correlaÃÃo cruzada. O interferÃmetro de Michelson inicialmente estudado no capÃtulo 4 foi utilizado para propagaÃÃo e chaveamento de sinais codificados. Baseados nas caracterÃsticas de TransmissÃo (T) e Taxa de extinÃÃo (XR) fizemos um estudo do dispositivo como multiplexador /demultiplexador add/drop na recuperaÃÃo de pulsos codificados.
This work, in addition the chapters which involves both theory and definitions, was basically divided three studies: First (chapter 4),we present a numerical investigation of the performance of a bandpass filter composed of an all-optical directional coupler, followed by two double bars Bragg recorded symmetrically equal outputs in their arms. This configuration features a Michelson interferometer with characteristics of an add/ drop filter. The transmission characteristics (T), extinction rate (XR) and "crosstalk" (XT) were studied based on the application of a CW signal (continuous wave) into the device. Theory of coupled modes and the Runge Kutta fourth order were applied respectively to solve the coupled differential equations. This is the first study considering the nonlinearity of the coupler and the linearity of Bragg gratings. The device features a highly nonlinear behavior as a function of dephasing between the amplitudes of the reflected beams and depending on the input power. In a second step (section 5), the propagation and switching of ultrashort pulse (~ 2PS) Michelson interferometer using an optical fiber. In this study the performance of the interferometer is studied as a function of the nonlinear characteristics of the coupler and Bragg gratings. The numerical studies were made from the coupled mode equations solved using the Runge-Kutta 4th order. The pulse switching characteristics were analyzed as a function of input power and applied to one dephasing Bragg gratings. The transmission characteristics (T), extinction coefficient (XR), "crosstalk" (XT), the compression factor (CF)and shape of the pulses were analyzed for different values of phase and different input powers. We use three values of input power: below the critical power (1W = P0), equal to the critical power (P0 = 1.73W) and above the critical power (P0 = 1.95W). Through this study, it is found that the transmission rate of extinction, "crosstalk" and compression factor depends on the power of the pump device inserted into the gap and applied The Michelson interferometer fiber implement major component with applications in optical networks, such as demultiplexers add/drop. This device has attracted considerable interest in the field of telecommunications due to its ability of high transmission rates. In the third place was presented a numerical simulation study of the performance of encoding and decoding of short optical pulses (ps) systems OCDMA (Optical Code Division Multiple Access based on FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating ) where codes are inserted through discrete jumps in the optical phase (Â π). For generation of coded pulses were used Gold codes obtained analytically. We look at how the inclusion of additional codes affect the autocorrelation and cross correlation.The Michelson interferometer initially studied Chapters 4 was used for propagation and switching of encrypted signals. Based on the characteristics of transmission (T) and extinction rate (XR) did a study of the device as multiplexer/demultiplexer add / drop in the recovery of coded pulses.
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Bendimerad, Djalal Falih. "Contribution à l'étude et à la mise en oeuvre de fonction de filtrage pour les brasseurs optiques dédiés au traitement multi-longueurs d'onde." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717600.
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La demande croissante des réseaux optiques actuels en termes de bande passante résulte en un besoin d'exploiter la capacité offerte par la fibre optique. Un des moyens indispensable pour permettre ceci est l'utilisation du multiplexage en longueur d'onde. Il en résulte la nécessité d'utilisation de dispositifs, parmi lesquels le filtre optique, agiles en longueur d'onde et transparents par rapport aux débits. C'est dans ce contexte que notre travail se situe. La technologie utilisée est celle des filtres interférentiels en polarisation. Contraint par un cahier des charges particulier aux applications télécoms, le principal objectif consiste en l'augmentation des performances de ce type de filtre d'une part, et l'association de fonctionnalités additionnelles nécessaires dans les réseaux d'autre part. En utilisant le principe physique des interférences en polarisation, une structure est alors implémentée, suivant les contraintes liées aux trois paramètres majeurs du filtre que sont le contraste, la fonction d'égalisation et la reconfiguration de la bande passante. Par ailleurs, les architectures des filtres optiques diffèrent selon l'emplacement dans le réseau. Ainsi, si une architecture des plus simples est utilisée à la réception, au niveau des nœuds du réseau, celle-ci devient beaucoup plus complexe, s'adaptant à différents degrés de nœuds, et portent le nom de multiplexeurs optiques à insertion/extraction de longueur d'onde (ROADM). Un dispositif de ce type, basé sur les filtres biréfringents, est donc présenté. Une approche système est ensuite menée dans le but de mettre en évidence les avantages et les limitations de la technologie utilisée
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Böttner, Stefan. "Rolled-Up Vertical Microcavities Studied by Evanescent Wave Coupling and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-166810.
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Vertically rolled-up microcavities are fabricated using differentially strained nanomembranes by employing rate and temperature gradients during electron beam evaporation of SiO2. The geometry of the rolled-up tubes is defined by a photo-lithographically patterned polymer sacrificial layer beneath the SiO2 layers that is dissolved to start the rolling. Rolled-up tubes support resonances formed by constructive interference of light propagating along the circumference. Optical studies are performed in the visible spectral range using a micro-photoluminescence (µPL) setup to excite and detect optical modes. Record high quality factors (Q factors) of 5400 for rolled-up resonators probed in PL-emission mode are found and their limits are theoretically investigated. Axial modes can also be supported when an increased winding number in the center is realized by appropriate pattern designs. In addition, higher order radial modes can be confined when atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings are applied. Both types of modes are identified using polarization and spatially resolved µPL maps.
Evanescent-wave coupling by tapered fibers and tubes on substrates is the second method used to study light confinement and to demonstrate frequency filtering in ALD coated rolled-up microcavities. Scans are performed by monitoring light from a tunable laser in the range of 1520-1570 nm after transmission through the tapered fiber. Dips in the spectrum are found and attributed to fundamental and axial resonant modes. Moreover, by coupling two tapered fibers to a lifted rolled-up microcavity, a four-port add-drop filter is demonstrated as a future component for vertical resonant light transfer in on-chip optical networks.
Simulations show that the subwavelength tube wall thickness limits the Q factor at infrared wavelengths and ALD coatings are necessary to enhance the light confinement. After coating, two linear polarization states are found in experiment and fundamental and axial modes can be selectively excited by coupling the fiber to different positions along the tube axis. Spatially and polarization resolved transmission maps reveal a polarization dependent axial mode distribution which is verified theoretically.
The results of this thesis are important for lab-on-chip applications where rolled-up microcavities are employed as high resolution optofluidic sensors as well as for future uses as waveguide coupled components in three-dimensional multi-level optical data processing units to provide resonant interlayer signal transfer.
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Mechin, David. "Etude et réalisation de multiplexeurs insertion-extraction à réseaux de Bragg." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287814.
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L'apparition des dernières applications de l'internet à haut débit engendre une augmentation importante des échanges d'informations à travers le monde. Pour éviter une saturation inexorable du réseau de télécommunications, les liaisons par fibre optique avec multiplexage en longueur d'onde (DWDM) se généralisent pour permettre la transmission de données avec un débit actuel maximum de 1Tbit/s. L'aiguillage en longueur d'onde des signaux entre les différentes boucles de ce type de réseau est réalisé à l'aide de Multiplexeurs Insertion- Extraction (MIE). Ce mémoire est consacré à l'étude et à la réalisation de deux MIE réalisés par photoinscription de réseaux de Bragg (=filtres sélectifs en longueur d'onde photoinscrits par un champ d'interférence de lumière laser UV) dans des guides optiques à coeur dopé en germanium. Le premier MIE étudié lors de cette thèse est réalisé sur la base d'un coupleur directif en optique intégrée SiO2/Si dans la zone de couplage duquel deux réseaux de Bragg ont été photoinscrits. Le travail a consisté à améliorer à la fois la fabrication des guides optiques (diminution de leur biréfringence) ainsi que leur photoinscription (meilleure apodisation de la réponse spectrale du spectre réfléchi). La conception et la réalisation de premiers prototypes permettant l'extraction de canaux espacés de 200 GHz ont alors pu être effectuées. La deuxième étude se concentre, quant à elle, sur l'optimisation d'un MIE plus mature basé sur un interféromètre de Mach-Zehnder à réseaux de Bragg réalisé en fibre bicoeur. L'influence néfaste du déphasage engendré par les réseaux de Bragg sur la réponse spectrale de l'interféromètre a été discutée et minimisée. La reconstruction de la dispersion chromatique de ces réseaux via la réponse spectrale de l'interféromètre a aussi été étudiée. Des composants industrialisables pour réseaux d'espacements intercanaux de 100 GHz et 50 GHz ont alors pu être réalisés.
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Chen, Po-Hsin, and 陳博鑫. "Narrowband All-fiber Add/Drop Filters." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70596600456264756645.
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碩士國立清華大學
電子工程研究所
88
Discussed are all-fiber add/drop filters made of two well-mated side-polished fibers. In the former fiber directional coupler, one half-coupler has intracore Bragg gratings, but the other doesn't. These two polished fibers are separately glued onto a fixed plate and a three-axis translation stage. The coupling efficiency of such a coupler mainly depends on how they are aligned. In this thesis, we use a Si wafer as the polishing substrate in fabricating side-polished fibers. The advantages of these polished samples are low insertion losses, a long interaction length, ease of alignment, and excellent surface flatness. In comparison with those published all-fiber add/drop filters of the same structure, our devices show attractive or much improved characteristics in filtering spectral. The present fiber devices are found applications on optical wavelength division multiplexer (WDM), dense WDM (DWDM) systems, and other optical signal processings.
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Chen, Fu-Shing, and 陳福興. "Study of FBG-assisted Add-Drop Multiplexers." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75773053148601124013.
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碩士國立成功大學
微電子工程研究所碩博士班
92
In this thesis, the theories of Coupled-Mode Theory(CMT), Beam Propagation Method(BPM), Finite-Difference-Time-Domain Method(FDTD) are introduced, studied and compared. They are employed to simulate the mode-coupling phenomenon between two parallel waveguides. FDTD is more convenient and reliable compared to BPM and CMT, in spite of tremendous computation memory and CPU processing time inevitably involved in FDTD calculation. A full-frequency spectrum of the designed optical add-drop multiplexer(OADM) could be easily obtained using a single shot of an ultra-short optical pulse input followed by Fast Fourier transform on the time variation of EM wave. In this paper, a FBG-assisted add-drop multiplexer was 2-dimensionally designed and investigated using FDTD method. It was demonstrated that an OADM can be easily designed using FDTD to divide three arbitrary chosen wavelengths into three individual output waveguides.
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Chi, Hong Hsiang, and 齊泓翔. "Study of Optical Reconfigurable Add/Drop Multiplexers (ROADMs)." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69556044486958127433.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
92
Abstract In this thesis, we design optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) and study its applications in metropolitian area networks and/or DWDM subsystem. We propose a network architecture using -cell architecture to realize all optical networks architecture, in which the crucial modules of OADMs and optical cross-connects (OXCs) are implemented. Both of them make the network much more flexible and simple then ever. We introduce an example of “Double Ring -cell WDM network” to examine that OADM is indeed an importance part in the -cell architecture. For investigation of OADMs, we integrated them with fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and some related optical components such as optical circulators and 1xN optical switches. To prevent the crosstalk and reflection by home made FBGs, the FBGs have high reflectivity of 99.9% and low side lobes. The FBGs also be temperature compensated to avoid them from wavelength misalignment with the corresponding laser source. Temperature coefficient before and after temperature compensated is 15 pm/℃ and 0.7 pm/℃, respectively. The four kinds of OADMs we made are: (1) Two identical OADMs module with the same four channels of 1542.4 nm,1545.6 nm,1547.1 nm and 1552.3 nm and as an add-drop pair in the optical network, (2) a 4-Ch reconfigurable OADM with insertion loss, intrachannel crosstalk and channel spacing of 5 dB, 25 dB and 1.6 nm, respectively, (3) a power compensated OADM with net gain of 5 dB (i.e., virtual insertion loss of 5 dB!) for the pass-through channel, and (4) a bi-directional OADM with 45 dB isolation for either direction. Finally, we conclude our achievements in thesis and suggested future works.
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Chang, Ming-Hung, and 張銘宏. "reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers with power compensation function." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23262576038944122721.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
93
This thesis investigates several reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADM) with power compensation function. Here, we proposed both unidirectional and bi-directional ROADMs for optical networks applications. The ROADM is constructed by integrating fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), optical circulators (OCs), optical switches (OSWs) and erbium-doped fiber amplifier. To avoid intraband crosstalk cause the signal deterioration, the home-made FBGs should have above 99.5% reflectivity after annealing. The tunable FBG with tuning range of 17 nm, while the wavelength fixed FBG has wavelength inaccurate less than 0.04 nm and low temperature coefficient of 0.7 pm/oC. We manufacture two kinds of ROADM. Firstly, we investigate a unidirectional ROADM. The channel spacing is based on the ITU-T grid of 100 GHz in 1547.7-, 1548.5- and the 1549.3 nm. The fourth channel is to use a tunable FBG to increase the add/drop feasibility. Insertion loss and gain of the ROADM are 4.3 dB and 14 dB, respectively. In a 25 km standard fiber transmission without dispersion compensation, power penalty is only 0.8 dB at the dropped port for 10 Gb/s, bit error rate (BER) measurement. We also design another three kinds of unidirectional multichannel ROADMs and analyze their characteristics. Secondly, we experimentally demonstrate a bidirectional ROADM including power compensation function. The insertion loss and gain of it are 5.3 dB and 17 dB, respectively. Moreover, we design another kind of bidirectional ROADM and analyze its characteristics. Finally, we conclude our achievements in this thesis and suggested future works.
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Chen, You-ye, and 陳宥燁. "Dispersion Compensated Interleaver Pairs for Metro Add/Drop Applications." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88039418857999014181.
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碩士國立交通大學
光電工程系所
92
Reconfigurable add/drop nodes will enhance metro network flexibility and be able to provide the much needed functionalities. However, due to the high insertion loss of the add/drop engine (typically >10dB), 100% traffic add/drop nodes need more optical amplifiers and operational expenditure in the transmission systems. In fact, it is good enough to provide adequate 50% traffic add/drop capability in the recent network. Therefore, we create the novel network structure by using the dispersion-free interleaver pairs. In this thesis, we set up an ideal metro network by the new interleaver module on the commercial simulated platform. By implementing the virtual network, we demonstrate the impacts on system performance and predict the transmission possibility for the 40-Gb/s DWDM system. The architecture can also be easily modified to more complex model and will provide the important predicts of the parameters and results in the future experiment.
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Yang, Cheng-Hao, and 楊程皓. "Demonstration of a Novel Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98642327062451290201.
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碩士國立中山大學
光電工程學系研究所
99
In response to the development of a next-generation networking (NGN) generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) technology is required for automatically switched optical network (ASON). Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) is an indispensable device for the ASON, and the dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) signals can be transmitted through the network under the management of the network administrator to configure dynamic customer needs and the desired quality of service (QoS). The ROADM can also increase the efficiency of utilizing the existing capacity of the optical fiber lines and can reduce or waive to set up additional optical fiber lines. This thesis studies a novel ROADM based on the arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) and the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to overcome that the current ROADM cannot process that the input signal channels is greater than the wavelengths channels of AWG. Many types of ROADMs have been proposed and realized through different optical devices. Among these, hybrid optical circulator and FBG based ROADM is more attractive because of its low crosstalk and polarization insensitivity. However, it still suffers from many component counts and high insertion losses due to the use of many circulators and a multiplexer-demultiplexer pair. In this master thesis, we focus on demonstrating a novel ROADM and evaluating its crosstalk performance. It is found that the proposed ROADM has the advantage on extending the number of wavelength signal to make the system configurable and flexible.
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Lin, She-Ron, and 林旭朗. "Optical add-drop multiplexer based on square resonator with gratings." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94330902705669495213.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
光電技術研究所
92
Optical resonators have been utilized in many different fields recently for its extremely high Q and reasonably good power output characteristics. Square resonator is a dielectric waveguide placed between two waveguide channels drops a specific wavelength of input signals. According to the excellent add-drop capability, the square resonator is suitable for OADM systems. In general design of square resonator, the power transferred from input waveguide through resonators to output waveguide was only 73% maximum. In order to overcome such drawbacks, we introduced the grating configurations in some specific regions to enhance the performance of the device. As a result, the joined parts reflected the loss energy back into the resonators to resonate again. Both the dropped power and Q factor were all increased to a better status for actual applications. In this thesis, the analysis on square resonator as an add-drop filter was done by numerical simulation. The behavior of the system with the presence of grating was studied and revealed by suitable numerical methods.
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Tseng, Shi-Yuan, and 曾士原. "A Study of Micromachined Reconfigurable Multichannel Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29755621123293159314.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
應用力學研究所
91
With an explosion in the growth of knowledge, and the coming internet era, the demand for bandwidth has increased drastically, making the all-optical network an inevitable trend. In particular, the development of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology has really emphasized the superiority of the optical networks. Performing the important network resource allocation function is the optical add / drop multiplexer which directly adds or drops wavelengths. It supports flexible provisioning, wavelengths add / drop, and other requirements resulting from a complex and constantly changing environment in the metro-core networks. Such functions enable the add / drop multiplexer to be a key component in the optical networks. The purpose of this study is to take advantage of the bulk micromachining, an innovative approach in the MEMS technology, and to apply it in the optical add/ drop multiplexer used in optical networks to improve optical performance. By use of unique characteristics of vertical crystal planes in bulk micromachining, two-sided mirrors for light reflection can be produced. Its mirror surfaces are of extremely superior quality, with a radius of curvature of 130 meters, and a root-mean-square roughness of below 8 nm. These qualities facilitate its use in optical add / drop multiplexer applications. In terms of mechanical properties, this study begins with the most basic concepts of mechanics, analyzing the static interaction among magnetic, electrostatic, and mechanical force. The actuating mechanism is utilizing the magnetic ability of not being affected by distance and electrostatic force special quality to perform addressable control. In this approach, it may require less electrical and magnetic energy to drive it. The clamping-down voltage requires 100 volts, while the magnetic full field applied is 25 gausses. In addition, the switching times for switch-on and switch-off are measured to be 50 ms and 110 ms, respectively. Test results show that the design concept for this study is feasible. As expected, the two-sided mirrors possess excellent flatness and roughness, and require low driving voltage and magnetic field. For use of flexible, reconfigurable OADM, the switching function has been verified. If additional peripheral functions such as multiplexing and de-multiplexing can also be integrated into the devices in the future, making it a reconfigurable OADM, then it is bound to play an important role in the field of optical networking applications.
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Naude, Riaan. "Add-drop multiplexers using fibre bragg gratings and optical couplers." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2173.
Full textAbstract:
M.Ing.This thesis, devoted to fibre optics, is primarily concerned with the utilization of fibre Bragg gratings and optical couplers to realize optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs). A comparative study regarding various OADM configurations is undertaken on the basis of manufacturing and the performance in terms of insertion loss, channel isolation, tuning ranges, stability and cost. The heart of most of the OADMs is fibre Bragg gratings. The Runge-Kutta numerical integration method is used to solve the coupled-mode equations in order to simulate the spectral dependence of Bragg gratings numerically. Properties such as the grating strength, the grating length and the grating index profile governing the spectral dependence of Bragg gratings are investigated. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the dispersive properties of Bragg gratings. We investigate methods to limit the amount of dispersion induced by fibre Bragg gratings. The tuning of Bragg gratings for dynamic OADMs is also reviewed. High channel isolation Bragg gratings are theoretically and experimentally investigated. DC-apodized gratings were designed and manufactured by using the phase mask method through the use of a preconditioning technique. Bragg gratings with channel isolations of up to 24.61 dB have been realized by using this technique. The spectral dependence of DC-apodized gratings on the amount of preconditioning and the smoothness of the index envelope is simulated and in agreement with the experimental results. An athermal Bragg grating was designed and manufactured, exhibiting an average wavelength-temperature sensitivity of 2.76 pm/oC. An OADM comprising a DC-apodized Kaiser grating and an optical circulator was realized. The device showed an insertion loss of 1.84 dB and a channel isolation of 22.84 dB. The coupling mechanisms for different types of optical couplers are investigated. The distribution of power was established to be either by evanescent field coupling (etched, polished and weakly fused couplers) or due to the beating phenomenon (strongly fused couplers). The beating phenomenon of the HE11 and HE12 modes in the waist of the tapered-fused coupler is modelled and used to simulate different characteristics, such as wavelength, polarization and external refractive index dependence of tapered-fused couplers, in order to realize OADMs.
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Hsu, Ke-Wei, and 許克偉. "Analysis and Simulation of Channel Add/Drop Filters in Photonic Crystals." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50333103636427759126.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
電子與資訊工程研究所碩士班
94
In this thesis, it discussed the application of defects in the photonic crystals could be design to produce the multi-wavelength. Photonic crystals (PCs) are nanostructured materials in which a periodic variation of the dielectric constant of the material results in a photonic band gap. Photons with wavelengths or energies in this band gap cannot travel through the crystal. By introducing defects into PCs, it is possible to build waveguides that can channel light along certain paths. It is also possible to construct microcavities that can localize photons in extremely small volumes. First, we compute the photonic crystals dispersion relations and find the bandgap out by the plane wave expansion method (PWE) in the frequency domain. Then, the finite difference time domain method (FDTD) with the perfectly matched layer boundary conditions is solved Maxwell’s equations, namely simulated the movement behavior of the Photonic crystals. By properly varying the size of the defect on the PCs, it could really drop the particular wavelength from the surface. In addition, by modulating the size of the cavity on the PCs, it introduced the particular wavelength into the waveguide. Finally, we proposed the two structures that could function as dense /coarse wavelength division multiplexers (DWDM / CWDM). It would be a potential key component in the applications of ultra-high-speed and ultra-high-capacity optical communication and optical data processing systems. Deciding that the nanofabrication improves gradually, it will demonstrate a practical breakthrough for the realization of devices based on the photonic crystal integrated circuits.
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Chao, Chih-Han, and 趙志涵. "Photonic Crystals Based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Type Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72606168608190177895.
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Her, Cheng-Yio, and 何政祐. "ATM Based Circuit Emulation Design For ATM VP Add/Drop Multiplexer." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97167957378845809568.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
電機工程學系
86
Abstract In SONET/SDH network, add/drop multiplexer (ADM) is a key network element. It drops several sub-channels of a high- speed link as outputs of low-speed links, and adds up to the same number of sub-channels to the high-speed link from the inputs of the low-speed links. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a new transfer technology, which combines the advantages of circuit-switching and flexibility of packet-switching. It is possible for ATM to transmit almost all kinds of services. To use ATM as the backbone network of transmission, it must be support existing circuit-switched services. For constant bit rate (CBR) service with delay constraint, ATM adaptation layer type 1 (AAL1) is used to transmit asynchronous digital signals from plesiosynchronous digital hierarchy (PDH). It is called circuit emulation to transport an asynchronous digital through ATM network. With ATM transport technology and adaptation of AAL1, an ATM ADM similar to SONET/SDH ADM is designed. In SONET/ SDH ADM, each sub-channel is byte-multiplexed with regards to reference position to SONET/SDH transmission framing. In ATM ADM, although its physical medium is based on SONET/SDH, each sub-channel, termed virtual channel in ATM, is a cell- multiplexed with a label in the cell header to indicate the connection. The cell is self-supported, so there is no TSI problem. In the design, there are four high-speed 155.52 MHz STM-1/STS-3c link called SO150. SO150 can add/drop up to 64 lines of E1 signal (2048KHz). There are 16 CE2 boards each handling 4 E1 tributaries for circuit emulation. The SCU board is designed for control and management functions. The minimal ATM ADM system can be built for system integration and testing.
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Shieh, Meng-Hann, and 謝孟翰. "SOA-based Subcarrier Add-drop Multiplexer for Dual-bus Digital System." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62318019493708454524.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電信研究所
82
In this thesis, we have reviewed state-of-the-art works regarding SOA's characteristics of three functions including amplification, detection, and modulation. We have proposed SOA- based ADM's that can minimize the number of optical components and can replace conventional ADM's which include the O/E and E/ O conversion. Our proposed SOA-based ADM is also bit-rate independent. The use of SOA as an SCM-ADM has been experimentally demonstrated in a 50 km link with two BPSK channels at 100 Mb/s. The BER's of three functions can be below 1e-9 all at the same time. System limitations on increasing the cascaded SCM-ADM's have been studied. The nonlinear distortions due to SOA concatenation may limit the number of cascades to less 15. These nonlinear distortions is mainly from the second order intermodulation.
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Cheng, Wan-ling, and 鄭婉羚. "Study on Fiber Bragg Gratings-Based Bi-directional Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p43s3r.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
94
This thesis mainly focuses on the design of bidirectional optical add/drop multiplexers (Bi-OADMs) based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and some related optical components. We also analyze their characteristics in lightwave transmission. Firstly, we propose several kinds of Bi-OADMs. The issue of insertion loss in Bi-OADMs is also discussed. Regarding the experimental part, we measure optical spectra and the bit error rate (BER) performances of four proposed Bi-OADM modules. The results are summary as follows: insertion loss of Bi-OAMD configuration No.1 at the dropped, passed-through and added channels are 4.88-, 8.24- and 6.31 dB, respectively. Under the condition of 25 km transmission, power penalty in the dropped channel is only 0.58 dB; while that in the passed-through channel with 50 Km fiber transmission is 1.6 dB under 2.5 Gb/s BER measurement in unidirectional transmission case. Power penalty at the dropped and passed-through ports are 0.64- and 1.8 dB, respectively, in bidirectional transmission. Insertion losses of Bi-OAMD configuration No.2 at the dropped, passed-through and added channels are 4.58-, 4.46- and 4.42 dB, respectively. Power penalty in the dropped and passed-through channels are 0.36- and 0.62 dB, respectively, under a 2.5 Gb/s BER measurement in unidirectional transmission, while those in the dropped and passed-through channels are 0.42- and 0.76 dB, respectively, in bidirectional transmission. In the former two examples, insertion loss Bi-OADMs is a big problem, we design two novel configurations of Bi-OADMs have the merit of power compensation. The first one is writing FBG in erbium doped fiber It may enhance the reflectivity of erbium doped-FBG to 98.6 % by using hydrogen loading method, while the net gain at the dropped, passed-through and added ports are 0.96-, 0.84- and 0.16 dB, respectively. Power penalty in the dropped and passed-through channels are 0.49- and 0.76 dB, respectively, in the unidirectional transmission under 2.5 Gb/s BER measurement, while those in the dropped and passed-through channels are 0.66- and 1 dB, respectively, in bidirectional transmission. The second proposal is Bi-OADM integrated erbium doped fiber. Net gains at the dropped, passed-through and added channels are 4.65-, 14.27- and 4.63 dB, respectively. Power penalty in the dropped and passed-through channels are 0.41- and 0.65 dB, respectively, in unidirectional transmission, while those in the dropped and passed-through channels are 0.53- and 0.74 dB, respectively, in bidirectional transmission. Finally, we conclude our achievements in this thesis and suggested future works.
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Sung, Wen-chien, and 宋汶謙. "ATM Based Control and Management Design for ATM VP Add/Drop Multiplexer." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60710105465977921706.
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Chen, Chung-Wei, and 陳重偉. "ATM Based STM-1 Board Design For ATM VP Add/Drop Multiplexer." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86944156440163815484.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
電機工程學系
86
Abstract In SONET/SDH network, add/drop multiplexer (ADM) is a key network element. It drops several sub-channels of a high- speed link as outputs of low-speed links, and adds up to the same number of sub-channels to the high-speed link from the inputs of the low-speed links. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a new transfer technology, which combines the advantages of circuit-switching and flexibility of packet-switching. It is possible for ATM to transmit almost all kinds of services. To use ATM as the backbone network of transmission, it must support existing circuit-switched services. For constant bit rate (CBR) service with delay constraint, ATM adaptation layer type 1 (AAL1) is used to transmit asynchronous digital signals from plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH). It is called circuit emulation to transport an asynchronous digital through ATM network. With ATM transport technology and adaptation of AAL1, an ATM ADM similar to SONET/SDH ADM is designed. In SONET/SDH ADM, each sub-channel is byte-multiplexed with regards to reference position to SONET/SDH transmission framing. In ATM ADM, although its physical medium is based on SONET/SDH, each sub-channel, termed virtual channel in ATM, is cell-multiplexed with a label in the cell header to indicate the connection. The cell is self-supported, so there is no TSI problem. In the design, there are four high-speed 155.52 MHz STM-1/STS-3c link called SO150. SO150 can add/drop up to 64 lines of E1 signal (2048KHz). There are 16 CE2 boards each handling 4 E1 tributaries for circuit emulation. The SCU board is designed for control and management functions. The minimal ATM ADM system can be built for system integration and testing.
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yi, Chan chun, and 詹君儀. "Investigation and Characteristics Study of Optical Add Drop Multiplexers (OADMs) Based on." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75691654171254651446.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
91
In this thesis, we design and investigate optical add drop multiplexers (OADMs) based on fiber Bragg gratings and related optical components. For the OADM design, we propose several kinds of reconfigurable OADMs. They are based on strain-tunable and/or switching mechanism. Optical loss compensation and gain equalization issues are also disused. For OADMs investigation, we fabricate two-channel reconfigurable switching OADM, two- channel reconfigurable strain-tunable OADM and four-channel fixed type OADM. The pass-through (insertion) loss of them are 3.5dB, 2dB and 4dB respectively. We study the power penalty of OADM included wavelength misalignment and intraband crosstalk. The power penalties of wavelength misalignment are 0.2dB, 1.7dB and 3dB for 0.02nm, 0.03nm and 0.05nm. The power penalty of intraband crosstalk is only 0.1dB, because we use the extra-high reflectivity (99.9%) of home-made FBG. We also measure the bit error rate (BER) performance of OADM(s) in a lightwave system. Power penalty of OADM in a 25 km single-mode fiber is 0.5dB, compared to back to back measurement. Finally, we conclude the achievements in this thesis and suggest future work.
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Chen, Yen-Hsien, and 陳彥憲. "Tunable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer and Low Dispersion filter with Temperature Distribution Adjustment." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72864287137209493518.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
光電科學與工程研究所
94
The use of a Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) based communication system allows for better utilization of the spectral bandwidth resources available to the system. The Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (OADM) is very important component in the system and the main function is the selective wavelength. In OADMs configuration, it is usually design to add and drop fixed wavelength channels. However, we will propose a new simplified and low-cost configuration based on tunable OADM with thermal controller. In addition, the low dispersion filter is also obtained by the temperature distribution. When the transmission capacity in the system want to be increased, the transmission bandwidth must drop for 0.8 nm to 0.4 nm or more narrow such as Dense Wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM). Then, the passband of a phase-shift FBG can be smaller than 10 pm. The phase-shift FBG will become an important component because it has applied to the distributed feedback (DFB) fiber lasers, tunable loss filters and so on. The study has proposed a synthesis technique for the reconstruction of the multiple parameters using a genetic algorithm and two thermally modulated intensity spectra.
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Shin, Yong-Wook. "Electro-optically tunable polarization independent add drop filter with relaxed beam splitter in linbo3." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2951.
Full textAbstract:
A polarization-independent electro-optically tunable add/drop filter utilizing non-polarizing novel relaxed beam splitters has been developed in LiNbO3 at the 1.55μm wavelength regime. The operation of this filter is based on passive directional coupler type beam splitters and strain-induced phase-matched TE↔TM polarization mode converters on an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer waveguide configuration. Fabrication parameters for channel waveguides, relaxed beam splitters and polarization mode converters were optimized individually then integrated to produce the final device. Single mode channel waveguides for both TE and TM polarizations were realized by the diffusion of 7μm wide Ti strips into LiNbO3 substrate. Relaxed beam splitters were produced using Ti diffused waveguides in a directional coupler configuration with 3.5mm long coupling region, 0.6º bending angle, and separation gap of 11μm and 13μm between waveguides. Tunable TE↔TM polarization mode converters with 99.8%
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Jiang-Hung, Tien. "Study of Optical Tunable Add-Drop Multiplexer Based on SOI Waveguide in WDM network." 2002. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0009-0112200611304720.
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Lu, Han-Sheng, and 呂翰昇. "A Study of Photonic Crystals Based Multi-mode Interference Type Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14684149540914481056.
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Yang, Yi-Lung, and 楊宜龍. "Study of Mach-Zehnder Fiber-Grating-Based Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers for DWDM Systems." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13484978313374349108.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
光電工程研究所
87
Optical add-drop multiplexers (OADM's) will play an important role enabling greater connectivity and flexibility in dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) networks. In this paper, we utilize the Mach-Zehnder fiber-Bragg-grating (MZ-FBG) based devices with associated optical switches to construct large-dimension OADM's without needs of wavelength demultiplexers and multiplexers at the drop and add ports, respectively. The single- and cascaded-stage MZ-FBG's as the add-drop elements separately in a total of one fixed and reconfigurable OADM architectures are considered. We investigate the required constitutive elements, and examine the relevant characteristics of system insertion loss and differential system loss for the added, dropped, and passed-through channels. The add-drop dimension limits of these MZ-FBG-based OADM's are also estimated. The add-drop dimension limit of the single-stage- and cascaded-stage-based F-OADM's is 32 (limited by the system insertion loss, SIL-limited) and 16 (SIL-limited) wavelengths, respectively. For R1-OADM's using associated 2 ’ 2 OSW's, the add-drop capability of both single-stage and cascaded-stage schemes is all limited by 16 wavelengths (SIL-limited). For R2-OADM's using associated 2 // 2 OSW's, in single-stage and cascaded-stage schemes, the add-drop capability is limited by 8 wavelengths (differential system insertion loss, DSIL-limited). The adding, dropping, and passing-through operations are achieved with satisfied carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), composite second order (CSO), and composite triple beat (CTB) quality, in the experiments. All CNR performances are greater than 50 dB. All CSO performances are greater than 68 dB. All CTB performances are greater than 63 dB.