Relevant bibliographies by topics / Adaptive thermal protection systems

Academic literature on the topic 'Adaptive thermal protection systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Adaptive thermal protection systems"

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McQuerry, Meredith, Emiel DenHartog, and Roger Barker. "Evaluating turnout composite layering strategies for reducing thermal burden in structural firefighter protective clothing systems." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 10 (August 9, 2016): 1217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516651101.

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A modular approach for arranging the component layers used in the construction of structural firefighter turnout garments is explored as a strategy for reducing the thermal burden contributed by these protective garments to firefighter heat stress. An instrumented sweating manikin was used to measure the insulation, evaporative resistance and total heat loss through turnout systems configured to represent different layering strategies. The outer shell, moisture barrier and thermal liner layers of the structural turnout base composite were tested individually to determine each layer's thermal insulation and evaporative resistance. Multiple two- and three-layer combinations were analyzed for their application in specific working conditions. This study demonstrates that the moisture barrier layer contributes the most resistance to evaporative heat loss through the turnout system, while dry heat loss is most restricted by the thermal liner component. Removal of a single inner liner layer was equally beneficial for heat loss, regardless of material properties. It shows the potential benefit of turnout design strategy that utilizes a modular or adaptive layering approach to reduce turnout-related heat strain in conditions consistent with fire protection.
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Mohan, Ram V., Kumar K. Tamma, and Antonio F. Avila. "FLUX-BASED FINITE-VOLUME FORMULATIONS AND ADAPTIVE TIME-STEPPING STRATEGIES FOR MODELING OF REENTRY THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals 30, no. 2 (September 1996): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10407799608915075.

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Hartman, Peter, Dagmara Čeheľová, and Boris Bielek. "Principal Solutions for Sustainable Adaptive Facades Providing Suitable Indoor Environment for Inhabitants." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.435.

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Façade as a part of building envelope represents its dominant portion. The initial function of façade was to ensure safety for inhabitants against weather and animals. Growing interest in increasing the energy efficiency of buildings, caused mainly by oil crisis in the 70s, led to the development of scientific area, actually known as building physics. The goal established in the start was to design architectural, structural and material solutions that would lead to the reduction of building`s energy consumption coming from heating. The principle was to properly insulate the whole envelope avoiding thermal bridges and utilization of selected thermal insulating windows and doors. The trend of material development for thermal insulation composite systems is soaring, same as demands of society. What was in the past the main desire, reducing the energy consumption for heating, is now reflected in even higher requirements such as energy consumption for cooling. Minimizing thermal bridges and tightness of fenestration on the one side leads to savings on heating, but on the other hand, the heat coming mainly from sunlight, electric equipment, people and other resources is necessary to cover with enough cooling. Applying of reflexive glazing represents frequently used passive solution but also causes lack of natural daylight leads to higher energy consumption for artificial light despite large transparent walls. Energy savings made from reduction of air changes requires mechanical ventilation systems with the necessary of air treatment also consuming energy and in addition also requires regular maintenance. Modern solutions are based on adaptive façade which is capable to react on random meteorological changes to ensure reduction of energy flows through the façade. The paper discusses various conceptual solutions providing architectural intelligent and energy-friendly designs. Particular ideas offers protection against overheating, but same time allows penetrating natural daylight enough during all seasons. Elements of dynamic photovoltaic panels, aesthetically and effectively built-in façade, provide in addition to significant architectural look and also represent available source of pure energy supporting sustainable architecture.
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Progonov, D. O. "INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL IMAGES PRELIMINARY NOISING ON STATISTICAL STEGDETECTORS PERFORMANCE." Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2021-1-18.

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Context. The problem of sensitive information protection during data transmission in communication systems was considered. The case of reliable detection of stego images formed according to advanced embedding methods was investigated. The object of research is digital images steganalysis of adaptive steganographic methods. Objective. The goal of the work is performance analysis of statistical stegdetectors for adaptive embedding methods in case of preliminary noising of analyzed image with thermal and shot noises. Method. The image pre-processing (calibration) method was proposed for improving stego-to-cover ratio for state-of-the-art adaptive embedding methods HUGO, MG and MiPOD. The method is aimed at amplifying negligible changes of cover image caused by message hiding with usage of Gaussian and Poisson noises. The former one is related to influence the thermal noise of chargecoupled device (CCD) based image sensor during data acquisition. The latter one is related to shot noise that originates from stochastic process of electron emission by photons hitting of CCD elements. During the research, parameters of thermal noise were estimated with two-dimensional Wiener filter, while sliding window of size 5·5 pixels was used for parameters evaluation for shot noise. Results. The dependencies of detection error on cover image payload for advance HUGO, MG and MiPOD embedding methods were obtained. The results were presented for the case of image pre-noising with both Gaussian and Poisson noises, and varying of feature pre-processing methods. Conclusions. The conducted experiments confirmed effectiveness of proposed approach for image calibration with Poisson noise. Obtained results allow us to recommend linearly transformed features to be used for improving stegdetector performance by natural image processing. The prospects for further research may include investigation usage of special noises, such as fractal noises, for improving stego-to-cover ratio for advanced embedding methods.
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Baik, O. L., N. Y. Kyyak, O. M. Humeniuk, and V. V. Humeniuk. "Oxidative stress in moss Bryum caespiticium (Bryaceae) under the influence of high temperature and light intensity in a technogenically transformed environment." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 12, no. 4 (November 9, 2021): 710–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022198.

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Mosses are pioneer plants in post-technogenic areas. Therefore, the question of adaptive reactions of mosses from these habitats represents a scientific interest. The research is devoted to the study of adaptive changes in the metabolism of the dominant moss species Bryum caespiticium Hedw., collected in the devastated territories of the Novoyavorivsk State Mining and Chemical Enterprise (SMCE) “Sirka (Sulfur)” exposed to hyperthermia and insolation, which cause oxidative stress in plants. The influence of these stressors on the activity and thermal stability of antioxidant enzymes, hydrogen peroxide content, anion radical generation and accumulation of prooxidant components in moss shoots was studied. The activity and thermal stability of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analysed forB. caespiticium moss from different locations of northern exposure at the sulfur mining dump No 1 in summer and autumn. We established the dependence of the activity of antioxidant enzymes of moss on the intensity of light and temperature on the experimental plots of the dump No 1. In summer, the highest activity and thermal stability rates of peroxidase and SOD were observed. Under the conditions of the experiment in shoots of В. caespiticium from the northern peak of the dump under the influence of 2 hours temperature action (+ 42 ºС) the most significant increase in peroxidase activity was found by 1.78 times and SOD by 1.89 times, as well as increase in its thermal stability by 1.35–1.42 times, respectively. The increase in peroxidase and SOD activity, as well as the increase in their thermal stability caused by hyperthermia were negated by pre-processing with a protein biosynthesis inhibitor cyclohexamide, which may indicate the participation of the protein-synthesizing system in this process. The effect of increasing the thermal stability of enzymes can be considered as a mechanism of adaptation of the protein-synthesizing system to the action of high temperatures. Increase in the activity and thermal stability of antioxidant enzymes is caused primarily by changes in the expression of stress protein genes, which control the synthesis of specific adaptogens and protectors. The obtained results indicate that the extreme conditions of the anthropogenically transformed environment contribute to the development of forms with the highest potential abilities. The mechanism of action of high temperatures is associated with the development of oxidative stress, which is manifested in the intensification of lipid peroxidation and the generation of superoxide anion radical. It was found that temperature stress and high insolation caused an increased generation of superoxide anion radical as the main inducers of protective reactions in the samples of B. caespiticium from the experimental transect of the sulfur mining heap. It is known that the synthesis of Н2О2 occurs under stress and is a signal to start a number of molecular, biochemical and physiological processes of cells, including adaptation of plants to extreme temperatures. It is shown that high temperatures initiate the generation of hydrogen peroxide. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, including Н2О2, under the action of extreme temperatures, can cause the activation of signaling systems. Therefore, the increase in the content of Н2О2 as a signaling mediator is a component of the antioxidant protection system. It is determined that adaptive restructuring of the metabolism of the moss В. caespiticium is associated with the accumulation of signaling prooxidant components (diene and triene conjugates and dienketones). The increase in primary lipid peroxidation products, detected by us, under the action of hyperthermia may indicate the intensification of free radical oxidation under adverse climatic conditions in the area of the sulfur production dump, which leads to the intensification of lipid peroxidation processes. The accumulation of radical and molecular lipid peroxidation products are signals for the activation of protective systems, activators of gene expression and processes that lead to increased resistance of plants.
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Lv, Xiaodong, Guangming Zhang, Mingxiang Zhu, Huimin Ouyang, Zhihan Shi, Zhiqing Bai, and Igor V. Alexandrov. "Adaptive Neural Network Global Nonsingular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control for a Real Time Ground Simulation of Aerodynamic Heating Produced by Hypersonic Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 30, 2022): 3284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093284.

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This paper presents a strategy for a thermal-structural test with quartz lamp heaters (TSTQLH), combined with an ultra-local model, a closed-loop controller, a linear extended state observer (LESO), and an auxiliary controller. The TSTQLH is a real time ground simulation of aerodynamic heating for hypersonic vehicles to optimize their thermal protection systems (TPS). However, lack of a system dynamic model for the TSTQLH results in inaccurate tracking of aerodynamic heating. In addition, during the control process, the TSTQLH has internal uncertainties of resistance and external disturbances. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a mathematical model between controllable α(t) and measurable T1(t). An ultra-local model of model-free control plays a crucial role in simplifying system complexity and reducing high-order terms due to high nonlinearities and strong couplings in the system dynamic model, and a global nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control (GNFTSMC) is added to an ultra-local model, which is used to guarantee great tracking performance in the sliding phase and fast convergence to the equilibrium state in finite time. Moreover, the LESO is used mainly to estimate all disturbances in real time, and an adaptive neural network (ANN) shows a good approximation property in compensation for estimation errors by using a cubic B-spline function. The fitted curve of the wall temperature in the time sequence represents a reference temperature trajectory from the surface contour of an X-43A’s wing. The comparative results validate that the proposed control strategy possesses strong robustness to track the reference temperature trajectory.
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Sandoval Ruiz, Cecilia E. "Smart systems for the protection of ecosystems, flora and fauna." Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 25, no. 110 (August 26, 2021): 138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v25i110.486.

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The present research focuses on developing a proposal for sustainable engineering applications and conservation of the natural habitat of flora and fauna. This is maintaining a balance between technologies, scientific advances and fractal simplification, aimed at environmental protection. In this sense, the correspondence between recycling scheme and waste heat recovery has been studied, as solutions from the engineering field, for bio-inspired design, intelligent learning of the environment, and modular simplification of systems, as a sustainable optimization method. A set of proposals is presented, based on reconfigurable, biodegradable elements (meta-materials) and feedback, to minimize environmental impact. Finally, the regenerative model with descriptive equations and parameters adapted to the application of conservation of ecosystems, forest areas and glaciers is obtained as a result. This allows us to conclude that the multidimensional study provides solutions within the scientific rigor in environmental matters, protection of natural resources, mitigation of environmental impact, respect for the balance and cycles of nature, for the recovery of systems and quality of life of living beings. Keywords: Environmental Remediation, Fauna Protection, Ecosystem Conservation, Regenerative Systems. References [1]J. Toro, A. García, L. Romeri, “¿Nieves eternas en la Sierra Nevada de Mérida?”. Investigación, pp. 90-93, 2008. [2]M. Herrera-Ossandón. “Estimación de las altitudes de las líneas de equilibrio en glaciares de montaña para el último ciclo glacial-interglacial en los Andes de Santiago, Chile Central”, 2016. [3]C. Bravo Lechuga. “Reconstrucción de sistemas glaciares en el volcán Villarrica región de Los Lagos, Chile”, 2008. [4]N. Barriga-Ávila. “Escenarios futuros de una muestra de los glaciares más representativos de la zona central de Chile, a partir de sus variaciones climáticas”, 2019. [5]Ecoinventos (2020). “Ice911, el plan para cubrir con minúsculas esferas de vidrio el Ártico y ayudar a restaurar el hielo y estabilizar el clima”. Tecnología Verde. [Online]. Available: https://ecoinventos.com/ice911/. [6]Ecoinventos (2019). “Módulos de almacenamiento térmico industrial. Energías Renovables”. [Online]. Available: https://ecoinventos.com/eco-stock/. [7]M. Fallas. “Criterios ambientales de cumplimiento para el desarrollo de proyectos de generación de energía marina”, 2018. [8]C. Sandoval-Ruiz, “Proyecto Cometa Solar–CS para Optimización de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos”. Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología, vol. 24, no. 100, pp. 74-87, 2020. [9]V. Kashyap, S. Sakunkaewkasem, P. Jafari, M. Nazari, B. Eslami, B., S. Nazifi,… H. Ghasemi. “Full Spectrum Solar Thermal Energy Harvesting and Storage by a Molecular and Phase-Change Hybrid Material”. Joule, vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 3100-3111, 2019. [10]Ecoinventos (2020). “Tecnología espacial desvela cómo reducir la temperatura en verano de forma natural”. Tecnologías Verdes. [Online]. Available: https://ecoinventos.com/tecnologia-espacial-desvela-como-reducir-la-temperatura-en-verano-de-forma-natural/. [11]A. Tchernitchin, R. Riveros. “Efectos de la Radiación Electromagnética sobre la Salud”. Médicos Sociales, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 221-234. 2004. [12]M. Vérez, J. Ipiña. “Efectos biológicos del campo electromagnético. Conceptos básicos de Electromagnetismo”, vol. 37, 2008. [13]M. Vaqueiro-Contreras, V. Markevich, J. Coutinho, P. Santos,..., A. Peaker. “Identification of the mechanism responsible for the boron oxygen light induced degradation in silicon photovoltaic cells”. Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 125, no. 18, 185704, 2019. [14]Ecoinventos, 2020. “Paneles fotovoltaicos con apariencia de espejo para extraer más electricidad del calor”. Energías Renovables. [Online]. Available: https://ecoinventos.com/paneles-fotovoltaicos-espejo. [15]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Sistema Eco-Adaptativo integrado en elementos arquitectónicos con tecnología sostenible”. REC Perspectiva, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 96–109, 2015. https://issuu.com/recperspectiva/docs/rec8/96. [16]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Diseño Arquitectónico Inteligente aplicando conceptos de Urbótica y Sostenibilidad”. REC Perspectiva, vol. 6, no.11, pp. 18-29, 2018. [17]C. Sandoval-Ruíz. “Arquitectura Reconfigurable y Redes Inteligentes aplicadas al Diseño Sostenible en Smart City”. REC Perspectiva, vol. 7, no.12, pp. 8–21, 2018. [18]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Arquitectura Fractal Reconfigurable-AFR basada en Tecnologías Sostenibles y Energías Renovables”. REC Perspectiva, vol. 8, no. 16, 2020. [19]C. Sandoval-Ruiz, E. Ruiz-Díaz. “Eco-diseño de propuestas de cocina de autor basada en productos y tecnología sostenible”. Revista Qualitas, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 75-99, 2018. [20]C. Sandoval-Ruiz, E. Ruiz-Díaz. “Optimizador de Eco-Productos de origen vegetal aplicando Control Neuronal en VHDL”. Agrollanía, vol. 15, pp. 58-64, 2018. [21]C. Sandoval-Ruiz, E. Ruiz-Díaz. “Eco-Innovación en Ingeniería de Alimentos Sostenible aplicando técnicas Inteligentes de Eficiencia Energética–EcoSVeg”. Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología, vol. 22, no. 87, pp. 54-66, 2018. [22]J. Valero-Moro, Y. Bonilla-Turmero, C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Estación tele-operada de robótica móvil, para el laboratorio de micro-controladores”. Universidad, Ciencia y Tecnología, vol. 21, no. 83, pp. 69–75, 2017. [23]C. Sandoval-Ruiz.“Adaptive Control in VHDL Applied to a Solar Oven”. Revista Colombiana de Tecnologías de Avanzada, vol. 1, no. 23, pp. 142–147, 2014. [24]C. Seijas, G. Montilla, L. Frassato. “Identification of Rodent Species Using Deep Learning”. Comp. y Sist., vol. 23, no. 1, 2019. [25]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Plataforma Reconfigurable de Investigación aplicada a Movilidad Sostenible”. Universidad, Ciencia y Tecnología, vol. 20, no. 78, pp. 35–41, 2016. [26]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Métodos Numéricos en Diferencias Finitas para la Estimación de Recursos de Hardware FPGA en arquitecturas LFSR(n,k) Fractales”. Ingeniería Investigación y Tecnología. vol. XX no. 03, pp. 1-10. 2019. doi: 10.22201/fi.25940732e.2019.20n3.032. [27]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “LFSR-Fractal ANN Model applied in R-IEDs for Smart Energy”. IEEE Latin America Transactions, vol. 18, no 4, pp. 677-686, 2020. doi:10.1109/tla.2020.9082210. [28]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Fractal Mathematical over Extended Finite Fields Fp[x]/(f(x))”. Revista Proyecciones, vol. 40, no. 3, 2021. [29]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Operador matemático LFC(n,k) en campos finitos basado en concatenación fractal para GF(2m) – Extendido”. Ciencia e Ingeniería, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 197-204, 2020. [30]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Arreglos fotovoltaicos inteligentes con modelo LFSR-reconfigurable”. Revista Ingeniería, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 32-61, 2020, doi: 10.15517/ri.v30i2.39484. [31]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Arreglo Inteligente de Concentración Solar FV para MPPT usando Tecnología FPGA”. Rev.Téc.Fac.Ing.Zulia, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 122-133, 2020, doi: doi.org/10.22209/rt.v43n3a02. [32]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Modelo VHDL de Control Neuronal sobre tecnología FPGA orientado a Aplicaciones Sostenibles”. Ingeniare, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 383-395, 2019. https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/ingeniare/v27n3/0718-3305-ingeniare-27-03-00383.pdf. [33]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Control de Micro-Redes de Energía Renovable a través de estructuras LFCS Reconfigurables en VHDL”. Ciencia y Tecnología, vol. 18, pp. 71-86, 2018. https://doi.org/10.18682/cyt.v1i18.847. [34]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Plataforma de Investigación de Redes Eléctricas Reconfigurables de Energías Renovables aplicando Modelos LFSR”. Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología, vol. 23, no.95, pp. 103-115, 2019. [35]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Códigos Reed Solomon para sistemas distribuidos de energías renovables y smart grids a través de dispositivos electrónicos inteligentes sobre tecnología FPGA”. Memoria Investigaciones en Ingeniería, vol. 16, pp. 37-54, 2018. [36]D. Steckler, C. Nava, J. Duarte, J. Zambrano, C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Design of Neural Networks on microcontrollers, applied in functional modules for an eco-park”. Ingeniería UC, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 50–60, 2018. [37]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Modelo Neuro-Adaptativo en VHDL, basado en circuitos NLFSR, para control de un sistema inteligente de tecnología sostenible”. Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología, vol. 21, no. 85, pp. 140-149, 2017. [38]C. Sandoval-Ruiz. “Plataforma de Gestión, Investigación y Formación en Tecnologías Sostenibles, para soporte de un Laboratorio Remoto”. Eduweb, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 79–92, 2016. [39]C. Sandoval.Ruiz. “Entorno colaborativo de investigación científica-ecic: propuesta basada en web-lab y redes de asesorias”. Eduweb, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 4-8, 2017. [40]C. Sandoval-Ruiz, Tecnología R-IEDs para ERNC, Teletrabajo y Mitigación de Impacto Ambiental. Industrial Data, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 151-167, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15381/idata.v23i2.18633. [41]C. Sandoval-Ruiz, Laboratorio Móvil para Optimización de Sistemas de Energías Renovables y Aplicaciones Ambientales. Ciencia e Ingeniería, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 169-178, 2021.
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Deng, Yuru, and Zakaria A. Almsherqi. "Evolution of cubic membranes as antioxidant defence system." Interface Focus 5, no. 4 (August 6, 2015): 20150012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2015.0012.

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Possibly the best-characterized cubic membrane transition has been observed in the mitochondrial inner membranes of free-living giant amoeba ( Chaos carolinense ). In this ancient organism, the cells are able to survive in extreme environments such as lack of food, thermal and osmolarity fluctuations and high levels of reactive oxygen species. Their mitochondrial inner membranes undergo rapid changes in three-dimensional organization upon food depletion, providing a valuable model to study this subcellular adaptation. Our data show that cubic membrane is enriched with unique ether phospholipids, plasmalogens carrying very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Here, we propose that these phospholipids may not only facilitate cubic membrane formation but may also provide a protective shelter to RNA. The potential interaction of cubic membrane with RNA may reduce the amount of RNA oxidation and promote more efficient protein translation. Thus, recognizing the role of cubic membranes in RNA antioxidant systems might help us to understand the adaptive mechanisms that have evolved over time in eukaryotes.
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Swift, G. "Adaptive Transformer Thermal Overload Protection." IEEE Power Engineering Review 21, no. 8 (August 2001): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.2001.4311562.

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Swift, G. W., E. S. Zocholl, M. Bajpai, J. F. Burger, C. H. Castro, S. R. Chano, F. Cobelo, et al. "Adaptive transformer thermal overload protection." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 16, no. 4 (2001): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.956730.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Adaptive thermal protection systems"

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Amann, Nicholas Paul. "Adaptive overcurrent protection scheme for shipboard power systems." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2004. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-06282004-140248.

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Unnikrishnan, Suraj. "Adaptive Envelope Protection Methods for Aircraft." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11478.

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Carefree handling refers to the ability of a pilot to operate an aircraft without the need to continuously monitor aircraft operating limits. At the heart of all carefree handling or maneuvering systems, also referred to as envelope protection systems, are algorithms and methods for predicting future limit violations. Recently, envelope protection methods that have gained more acceptance, translate limit proximity information to its equivalent in the control channel. Envelope protection algorithms either use very small prediction horizon or are static methods with no capability to adapt to changes in system configurations. Adaptive approaches maximizing prediction horizon such as dynamic trim, are only applicable to steady-state-response critical limit parameters. In this thesis, a new adaptive envelope protection method is developed that is applicable to steady-state and transient response critical limit parameters. The approach is based upon devising the most aggressive optimal control profile to the limit boundary and using it to compute control limits. Pilot-in-the-loop evaluations of the proposed approach are conducted at the Georgia Tech Carefree Maneuver lab for transient longitudinal hub moment limit protection. Carefree maneuvering is the dual of carefree handling in the realm of autonomous Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Designing a flight control system to fully and effectively utilize the operational flight envelope is very difficult. With the increasing role and demands for extreme maneuverability there is a need for developing envelope protection methods for autonomous UAVs. In this thesis, a full-authority automatic envelope protection method is proposed for limit protection in UAVs. The approach uses adaptive estimate of limit parameter dynamics and finite-time horizon predictions to detect impending limit boundary violations. Limit violations are prevented by treating the limit boundary as an obstacle and by correcting nominal control/command inputs to track a limit parameter safe-response profile near the limit boundary. The method is evaluated using software-in-the-loop and flight evaluations on the Georgia Tech unmanned rotorcraft platform- GTMax. The thesis also develops and evaluates an extension for calculating control margins based on restricting limit parameter response aggressiveness near the limit boundary.
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Zaremski, Brian Zachary. "The Advancement of Adaptive Relaying in Power Systems Protection." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32121.

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The electrical distribution system in the United States is considered one of the most complicated machines in existence. Electrical phenomena in such a complex system can inflict serious self-harm. This requires damage prevention from protection schemes. Until recently, there was a safe gap between capacity to deliver power and the demand. Therefore, these protection schemes focused on dependability allowing the disconnection of lines, transformers, or other devices with the purpose of isolating the faulted element. On some occasions, the disconnections made were not necessary. The other extreme of reliability calls for security. This aspect of reliability calls for the operation of the protective devices only for faults within the intended area of protection. There is a tradeoff here; where a dependable protection scheme will assuredly prevent damage, it is prone to unnecessary operation which can lead to cascading outages. Where a secure scheme will not operate unnecessarily, it is prone to pieces of the system becoming damaged when relays fail to operate properly. With microprocessor based relaying schemes, a hybrid reliability focus is attainable through adaptive relaying. Adaptive relaying describes protection schemes that adjust settings and/or logic of operations based on the prevailing conditions of the system. These adjustments can help to avoid relay miss-operation. Adjustments could include, but are not limited to, the logging of data for post-mortem analysis, communication throughout the system, as well changing relay parameters. Several concepts will be discussed, one of which will be implemented to prove the value of the new tools available.
Master of Science
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Heater, Morgan. "Passive freeze protection for passive solar thermal DHW systems." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435243.

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Kanimba, Eurydice. "Comprehensive Modeling of Novel Thermal Systems: Investigation of Cascaded Thermoelectrics and Bio-Inspired Thermal Protection Systems Performance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103542.

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Thermal systems involve multiple components assembled to store or transfer heat for power, cooling, or insulation purpose, and this research focuses on modeling the performance of two novel thermal systems that are capable of functioning in environments subjected to high heat fluxes. The first investigated thermal system is a cascaded thermoelectric generator (TEG) that directly converts heat into electricity and offers a green option for renewable energy generation. The presented cascaded TEG allows harvesting energy in high temperatures ranging from 473K to 973K, and being a solid-state device with no moving parts constitutes an excellent feature for increase device life cycle and minimum maintenance in harsh, remote environments. Two cascaded TEG designs are analyzed in this research: the two-stage and three-stage cascaded TEGs, and based on the findings, the two-stage cascaded TEG produces a power output of 42 W with an efficiency of 8.3% while the three-cascaded TEG produces 51 W with an efficiency of 10.2%. The second investigated novel thermal system is a thermal protection system inspired by the porous internal skeleton of the cuttlefish also known as cuttlebone. The presented bio- inspired thermal protection has excellent features to serve as an integrated thermal protection system for spacecraft vehicles including being lightweight (93% porosity) and possessing high compressive strength. A large amount of heat flux is generated from friction between air and spacecraft vehicle exterior, especially during reentry into the atmosphere, and part of the herein presented research involves a thermomechanical modeling analysis of the cuttlebone bio-inspired integrated thermal protection system along with comparing its performance with three conventional structures such as the wavy, the pyramid, and cylindrical pin structures. The results suggest that the cuttlebone integrated thermal protection system excels the best at resisting deformation caused by thermal expansion when subjected to aerodynamic heat fluxes.
Doctor of Philosophy
Operating engineering systems in extremely hot environments often decreases systems' reliability, life cycle, and creates premature failure. This research investigates two novel thermal systems capable of functioning in high temperatures including a cascaded thermoelectric generator (TEG) and a bio-inspired thermal protection system. The first evaluated novel thermal systems is a cascaded TEG that directly converts waste heat into power, and being a solid-state device with no moving parts forms an excellent feature for device life cycle improvement and minimum maintenance in harsh, remote environments. The research findings show that the designed cascaded TEGs can produce power when subjected to high temperatures ranging from 473K to 973K. The remaining part of the research presented in this dissertation models the thermomechanical performance of a lightweight structure, which is inspired by the internal skeleton of the cuttlefish, also knows as the cuttlebone. The cuttlefish's natural ability to support high-deep sea pressure translates into possessing high compressive strength, and when added the fact of being lightweight (up to 93% porosity), the cuttlebone forms an excellent candidate to serve as integrated thermal protection for spacecraft vehicles. The last part of the presented research discuss the thermomechanical analysis of the cuttlebone when subjected to high aerodynamics heat flux generated from friction between the air and spacecraft vehicle exterior, and it was found that the cuttlebone structure resists deformation associated with the steep temperature gradient experienced by the spacecraft vehicle during travel.
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Amoda, Oluwaseun Adeyemi. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADAPTIVE PROTECTION SCHEME FOR SHIPBOARD POWER SYSTEMS." MSSTATE, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06062007-133738/.

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Reconfiguration is needed to meet the fight-through and survivability requirements of a shipboard power system. Reconfiguration involves the re-arrangement of power system topology through the opening and switching of breakers, and adjusting of total generators and load values. When the power system is reconfigured, the protection system needs to be attuned to the new power system state. This thesis focuses on developing an adaptive protection scheme for shipboard power systems that will automatically update relay settings after changes in power system topology and operational state. The developed adaptive protection scheme employs four main algorithms to achieve its goal. A topology-recognition algorithm uses the statuses (open/close) of breakers to determine the topological-configuration of the system. A power-flow and a fault-analysis algorithm are used to determine the system?s normal and fault currents, respectively. A protection-setting algorithm is used to determine and set the operating parameters of all the relays in the system. The scheme was implemented in MATLAB m-files and tested on various configurations of a notional shipboard power system. The tests results were verified in CAPE.
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Баранюк, Роман Андрійович. "Системи теплового захисту напівпровідникових перетворювачів електроенергії." Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2017. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/21322.

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Дисертація присвячена розробці систем для забезпечення теплового захисту напівпровідникових перетворювачів електроенергії за рахунок суміщеного моделювання електромагнітних та теплових процесів в перетворювачах. В роботі проведено аналіз сучасних методів розрахунку електромагнітних та теплових процесів, аналіз моделей ключових та пасивних компонентів. Показана доцільність використання моделей пасивних та активних компонентів перетворювачів параметри яких залежать від температури та електричних режимів роботи. Запропонована суміщена модель для розрахунку електротеплових процесів в перетворювачах з врахуванням швидкоплинності процесів та розділенням на системи рівнянь, що описують швидкі та повільні процеси. Запропоновані дві системи теплового захисту, які працюють за рахунок нормалізації перехідних електромагнітних процесів в колі перетворювача з врахуванням температури компонентів та перезапуску плавного пуску після зняття короткого замикання з програмним врахуванням температури компонентів.
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Yang, Guanghua. "Adaptive unequal error protection for wireless video transmissions." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37153791Bib.

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Yang, Guanghua, and 楊光華. "Adaptive unequal error protection for wireless video transmissions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37153791.

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Hassan, Khaled Shawky [Verfasser]. "Unequal Error Protection Adaptive Modulation in Multicarrier Systems / Khaled Shawky Hassan." Aachen : Shaker, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1071529242/34.

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Books on the topic "Adaptive thermal protection systems"

1

Institute, American National Standards. Standard for thermal protectors for motors. 7th ed. Northbrook, Ill: Underwriters' Laboratories, 1991.

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Scotti, Stephen J. Current Technology for Thermal Protection Systems: Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., and held at Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, February 11-12, 1992. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1992.

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Knoll, Richard H. Design, development, and test of shuttle/Centaur G-prime cryogenic tankage thermal protection systems. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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E, Myers David. Parametric weight comparison of advanced metallic, ceramic tile and ceramic blanket thermal protection systems. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2000.

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Steinberg, Dave S. Preventing thermal cycling and vibration failures in electronic equipment. New York: J. Wiley, 2001.

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Mihaylov, Vyacheslav, Elena Sotnikova, and Nina Kalpina. Eco-friendly air protection systems for motor transport facilities. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1093106.

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The textbook considers the issue of assessing the heat and humidity state of air in the processes of its processing in various systems, provides requirements for air protection means, taking into account their environmental friendliness, shows ways of energy saving in cooling, heating and year-round air conditioning systems, as well as when protecting the atmosphere from harmful emissions. The way of energy saving with individual thermal protection of the operator by means of local cooling during air treatment in an irrigated intensified nozzle is shown and recommendations for reducing its material consumption are developed. The method and means of reducing the toxicity of emissions of tractor internal combustion engines during its operation in rooms of limited volume by water vapor humidification of the fuel-air mixture are demonstrated. The ways of noise reduction of air protection systems are shown. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students studying in the specialties "Ground transport and technical means", "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes", "Power engineering", "Ground transport and technological complexes", "Refrigeration, cryogenic equipment and life support systems", "Technosphere safety", "Ecology and nature management".
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European Workshop on Hot Structures and Thermal Protection Systems for Space Vehicle (4th 2002 Palermo, Italy). The 4th European Workshop on Hot structures and thermal protection systems for space vehicle: 26-29 November 2002, Palermo, Italy. Noordwijk: ESA Publications Division, 2003.

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Wilkinson, John P. Space shuttle production verification motor 1 (PV-1) field joint protection system.: Final report. Brigham City, UT: Thiokol Corp., Space Operations, 1990.

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Gibbins, Martin N. Systems integration and demonstration of advanced reusable structure for ALS. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1991.

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Kuhn, Gary D. Postflight aerothermodynamic analysis of Pegasus[copyright] using computational fluid dynamic techniques. Edwards, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Dryden Flight Research Facility, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Adaptive thermal protection systems"

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Gaiceanu, Marian, and Iulian Nicusor Arama. "Adaptive Protection Systems." In Power Systems, 679–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23723-3_28.

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Patel, Dharmesh, and Nilesh Chothani. "Adaptive Digital Differential Protection of Power Transformer." In Power Systems, 83–106. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6763-6_4.

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Taylor, J. O. "Advanced Inspection of Thermal Protection Systems." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1253–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5339-7_162.

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Naigert, K. V., and V. A. Tselischev. "Adaptive Vibration Protection Systems for Pipelines." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1219–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54817-9_142.

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Yu, Yijun, Yoshioka Nobukazu, and Tetsuo Tamai. "Assessing Security and Privacy Behavioural Risks for Self-Protection Systems." In Engineering Adaptive Software Systems, 135–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2185-6_6.

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Patel, Dharmesh, and Nilesh Chothani. "Real-Time Monitoring and Adaptive Protection of Power Transformer." In Power Systems, 173–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6763-6_7.

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Johnson, Sylvia M. "Thermal Protection Materials and Systems: An Overview." In Engineered Ceramics, 224–43. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119100430.ch12.

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Macas, Martin, Fabio Moretti, Fiorella Lauro, Stefano Pizzuti, Mauro Annunziato, Alessandro Fonti, Gabriele Comodi, and Andrea Giantomassi. "Importance of Feature Selection for Recurrent Neural Network Based Forecasting of Building Thermal Comfort." In Adaptive and Intelligent Systems, 11–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11298-5_2.

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Karyono, Kanisius, Badr M. Abdullah, Alison J. Cotgrave, and Ana Bras. "Experience and Memory Principle for Adaptive Indoor Thermal Comfort." In Intelligent and Reliable Engineering Systems, 14–19. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003208365-3.

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Glass, David E. "Thermal Protection Systems and Hot Structures for Hypersonic Vehicles." In Aerospace Materials and Applications, 531–78. Reston ,VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624104893.0531.0578.

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Conference papers on the topic "Adaptive thermal protection systems"

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Grosch, Donald, and Freeman Bertrand. "Thermal Protection System (TPS) Impact Experiments." In 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
14th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
7th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-1780.

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Hackney, Drew A., Kara J. Peters, Richard J. Black, Joannes M. Costa, Behzad Moslehi, and Livia Zarnescu. "Fiber Bragg Gratings for Heat Flux Measurements in Thermal Protection Systems Under a Steady Conductive Thermal Load." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3135.

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This paper examines the performance of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as embedded heat flux sensors for ablative thermal protection systems (TPS). Ablative TPS materials are currently used for reentry spacecraft applications because ablative TPS materials are able to withstand the higher temperatures present in ballistic reentry than non-ablative materials. It is important to measure the through-the-thickness temperature profile in-situ to verify the heat shielding performance. FBG sensors were chosen to monitor the temperature in the TPS primarily because of a good match in the thermal properties of the silica fibers and the TPS material. A TPS specimen was subjected to a conductive and steady thermal load. Two FBG sensor arrays were embedded in the TPS specimen. One array was embedded horizontally in the specimen near the surface where the heat was applied, and the second array was embedded diagonally through the thickness of the specimen. The temperature load was produced using the lower platen of a hot press, and the maximum temperature was below the ablation temperature of the material. After the specimen was heated, it was removed from the hot press and allowed to passively cool on a metal table. The peak wavelength output from each sensor was monitored and recorded during the loading cycle, and the wavelength measurements were converted to temperature data over time. The test was completed three times, and excellent repeatability was present across the three tests and the temperature response of the FBGs was reasonable, even though the test setup was torn down and reassembled between two of the tests. Thermal images of the specimen were also collected during the test with an IR camera. The thermal images were used to provide a temperature map of the specimen which showed good agreement with the FBG data.
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Behnke, Marlana, Anurag Sharma, Adam Przekop, and Stephen Rizzi. "Thermal-Acoustic Analysis of a Metallic Integrated Thermal Protection System Structure." In 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
18th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
12th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-3121.

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Prithivirajan, Muthumanikandan, Mark Haney, and Ramana Grandhi. "Topology Optimization of a Curved Thermal Protection System." In 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
14th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
7th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-1982.

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Martinez, Oscar, Satish Bapanapalli, Bhavani Sankar, Raphael Haftka, and Max Blosser. "Micromechanical Analysis of Composite Truss-Core Sandwich Panels for Integral Thermal Protection Systems." In 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
14th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
7th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-1876.

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Ravishankar, Bharani, Bhavani Sankar, and Raphael Haftka. "Homogenization of Integrated Thermal Protection System with Rigid Insulation Bars." In 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
18th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
12th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-2687.

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Sharma, Anurag, Christian Gogu, Oscar Martinez, Bhavani Sankar, and Raphael Haftka. "Multi-Fidelity Design of an Integrated Thermal Protection System for Spacecraft Reentry." In 49th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
16th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
10t. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-2062.

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Ng, Wei Heok, Peretz Friedmann, and Anthony Waas. "Thermomechanical Analysis of a Thermal Protection System with Defects and Heat Shorts." In 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
14th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
7th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-2212.

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Salas, Ken, and Anthony Waas. "(Student Paper) Convective Heat Transfer in Open-Cell Metal Foams for Actively Cooled Thermal Protection Systems." In 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
14th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
7th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-1669.

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Villanueva, Diane, Raphael Haftka, and Bhavani Sankar. "Accounting for Future Redesign in the Optimization of an Integrated Thermal Protection System." In 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference
20th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
14th AIAA. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-1933.

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Reports on the topic "Adaptive thermal protection systems"

1

Salah, M. H., T. H. Mitchell, J. R. Wagner, and D. M. Dawson. Adaptive and Robust Control for Thermal Management Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada462591.

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Blumstein, Carl, Lloyd Cibulka, James Thorp, Virgilio Centeno, Roger King, Kari Reeves, Frank Ashrafi, and Vahid Madani. Application of Advanced Wide Area Early Warning Systems with Adaptive Protection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1184190.

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Gilligan, Daniel O., Stephen Devereux, and Janna Tenzing. Social protection: Designing adaptive systems to build resilience to climate change. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896294257_06.

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Duston, Christopher, Steve Seghi, and Roland Watts. Strength Enhancement and Application Development of Carbon Foam for Thermal Protection Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada461309.

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Roach, Joseph F., Gerald J. Caldarella, and Barry S. DeCristofano. Evaluation of Thermal Protection of Fabrics and Uniform Systems from Simulated Nuclear Pulse Irradiation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada354038.

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Kundu, Tribikram. Modeling of Ultrasonic and Terahertz Radiations in Defective Tiles for Condition Monitoring of Thermal Protection Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582581.

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Chaudhury, Ajayi, Hellin, and Neufeldt. Climate change adaptation and social protection in agroforestry systems: enhancing adaptive capacity and minimizing risk of drought in Zambia and Honduras. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp11269.pdf.

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Slater, Rachel, and Daniel Longhurst. Social Assistance Systems in Crisis Situations: Resilient, Responsive and Sensitive? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.019.

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Evidence on what enables social assistance systems to deliver routinely, effectively and efficiently is limited in crisis situations. Shock-responsive social protection (SRSP) and adaptive social protection (ASP) have become popular in global and national development discourses. Yet, their operationalisation in protracted crises is narrow and less well understood. Regarding SRSP, focus has shifted towards how existing social protection programmes might be scaled and flexed in crisis situations. However, the focus seems fixed entirely on what makes social protection and humanitarian assistance responsive – to the detriment of understanding what makes those systems resilient and able to maintain business continuity in protracted crises. Little attention is paid to how to sustain delivery of existing programmes, on which millions of poor and vulnerable households depend.
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Stampini, Marco, Pablo Ibarrarán, Carolina Rivas, and Marcos Robles. Adaptive, but not by design: cash transfers in Latin America and the Caribbean before, during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003795.

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The socioeconomic crisis associated with the pandemic put cash transfer programs back at the top of the policy agenda. It showed that the Latin American and Caribbean regions income support systems were both fundamental and insufficient. In this paper, we present novel estimates of the coverage and beneficiary distribution of all non-contributory cash transfers both before and during the COVID-19 crisis. The former is useful to show the degree of preparedness of the region. The latter analyzes the magnitude of the policy response. While the literature presents estimates of coverage and leakage of conditional cash transfers and non-contributory pensions, our results are novel because they are the first to analyze coverage and leakage implemented in response to the COVID-19 crisis. In addition, we are the first to expand the focus to all non-contributory cash transfer programs, including those that are quasi-universal and/or unconditional. This is the most appropriate focus when the goal is to assess the ability to provide protection to larger population groups (including the vulnerable) and against transitory poverty caused by systemic shocks (such as pandemic or extreme weather events, which may become more and more frequent due to climate change). Using data from the Inter-American Development Bank “Harmonized Household Surveys from Latin America and the Caribbean”, which now provide a more comprehensive coverage of Caribbean countries, we show that before the pandemic non-contributory cash transfers covered 26% of the population of 17 countries with available data. Average coverage of the extreme poor, moderate poor and vulnerable population was 56%, 43% and 28% respectively. During the crisis, LAC governments implemented 111 new cash transfer interventions, increasing coverage to 34% of the population in 12 countries with available data. Average coverage increased among the moderate poor (50%) and vulnerable population (37%), while it remained unvaried amongst the extreme poor. Moving forward, the countries of the region are called to reform their social protection systems to make them more flexible, efficient, and sustainable, and including strategies that provide protection against shocks. In this way, resilient and responsive social protection systems can contribute to the fight against climate change and support a just transition towards net-zero emission societies. These efforts must also include measures to close the historical coverage gap amongst the poorest.
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Burks, Thomas F., Victor Alchanatis, and Warren Dixon. Enhancement of Sensing Technologies for Selective Tree Fruit Identification and Targeting in Robotic Harvesting Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591739.bard.

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The proposed project aims to enhance tree fruit identification and targeting for robotic harvesting through the selection of appropriate sensor technology, sensor fusion, and visual servo-control approaches. These technologies will be applicable for apple, orange and grapefruit harvest, although specific sensor wavelengths may vary. The primary challenges are fruit occlusion, light variability, peel color variation with maturity, range to target, and computational requirements of image processing algorithms. There are four major development tasks in original three-year proposed study. First, spectral characteristics in the VIS/NIR (0.4-1.0 micron) will be used in conjunction with thermal data to provide accurate and robust detection of fruit in the tree canopy. Hyper-spectral image pairs will be combined to provide automatic stereo matching for accurate 3D position. Secondly, VIS/NIR/FIR (0.4-15.0 micron) spectral sensor technology will be evaluated for potential in-field on-the-tree grading of surface defect, maturity and size for selective fruit harvest. Thirdly, new adaptive Lyapunov-basedHBVS (homography-based visual servo) methods to compensate for camera uncertainty, distortion effects, and provide range to target from a single camera will be developed, simulated, and implemented on a camera testbed to prove concept. HBVS methods coupled with imagespace navigation will be implemented to provide robust target tracking. And finally, harvesting test will be conducted on the developed technologies using the University of Florida harvesting manipulator test bed. During the course of the project it was determined that the second objective was overly ambitious for the project period and effort was directed toward the other objectives. The results reflect the synergistic efforts of the three principals. The USA team has focused on citrus based approaches while the Israeli counterpart has focused on apples. The USA team has improved visual servo control through the use of a statistical-based range estimate and homography. The results have been promising as long as the target is visible. In addition, the USA team has developed improved fruit detection algorithms that are robust under light variation and can localize fruit centers for partially occluded fruit. Additionally, algorithms have been developed to fuse thermal and visible spectrum image prior to segmentation in order to evaluate the potential improvements in fruit detection. Lastly, the USA team has developed a multispectral detection approach which demonstrated fruit detection levels above 90% of non-occluded fruit. The Israel team has focused on image registration and statistical based fruit detection with post-segmentation fusion. The results of all programs have shown significant progress with increased levels of fruit detection over prior art.
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