Journal articles on the topic 'Adaptive psychological functioning'
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Neff, Kristin D., Kristin L. Kirkpatrick, and Stephanie S. Rude. "Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning." Journal of Research in Personality 41, no. 1 (February 2007): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004.
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Ali, Nadia, Laney Dawn, and Fernhoff Paul. "Will psychological intervention improve adaptive functioning in Fabry disease patients?" Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 102, no. 2 (February 2011): S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.11.015.
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Micklewright, Jackie L., Tricia Z. King, Kathleen O'Toole, Chris Henrich, and Frank J. Floyd. "Parental Distress, Parenting Practices, and Child Adaptive Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18, no. 2 (February 7, 2012): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617711001792.
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AbstractModerate and severe pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are associated with significant familial distress and child adaptive sequelae. Our aim was to examine the relationship between parental psychological distress, parenting practices (authoritarian, permissive, authoritative), and child adaptive functioning 12–36 months following TBI or orthopedic injury (OI). Injury type was hypothesized to moderate the relationship between parental distress and child adaptive functioning, demonstrating a significantly stronger relationship in the TBI relative to OI group. Authoritarian parenting practices were hypothesized to mediate relationship between parental distress and child adaptive functioning across groups. Groups (TBIn= 21, OIn= 23) did not differ significantly on age at injury, time since injury, sex, race, or SES. Parents completed the Brief Symptom Inventory, Parenting Practices Questionnaire, and Vineland-II. Moderation and mediation hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regression and a bootstrapping approach, respectively. Results supported moderation and revealed that higher parental psychological distress was associated with lower child adaptive functioning in the TBI group only. Mediation results indicated that higher parental distress was associated with authoritarian parenting practices and lower adaptive functioning across groups. Results suggest that parenting practices are an important area of focus for studies attempting to elucidate the relationship between parent and child functioning following TBI. (JINS, 2012,18, 343–350)
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Laney, Dawn Alyssia, Daniel J. Gruskin, Paul M. Fernhoff, Joseph F. Cubells, Opal Y. Ousley, Heather Hipp, and Ami J. Mehta. "Social-adaptive and psychological functioning of patients affected by Fabry disease." Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 33, S3 (January 20, 2010): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10545-009-9025-6.
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Alzaree, Fatma A., Manal A. Shehata, Maged A. El Wakeel, Inas R. El-Alameey, Mones M. AbuShady, and Suzette I. Helal. "Adaptive Functioning and Psychosocial Problems in Children with Beta Thalassemia Major." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 12 (December 16, 2018): 2337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.367.
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BACKGROUND: Beta thalassemia major is considered one of the serious health problems and the commonest hemoglobinopathy in Egypt that creates a burden not only on health system but also on the affected families and children who become vulnerable to emotional, social, psychological and behavioural problems.
AIM: This study was designed to assess the psychosocial burden and the adaptive functioning in children with beta-thalassemia major.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A group of 50 children with thalassemia major and 50 normal children matched for age and sex were included in a case-control study. Vineland Adaptive Functioning Scale was used to assess the adaptive functions; while the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSCL) was used to assess psychosocial morbidity.
RESULTS: A group of 50 children aged 5-17 years old with thalassemia major, their mean age was 11.05 ± 3.8, showed a statistically significant lower total adaptive behaviour score and communication subscale score. All the mean values of adaptive behaviour for cases and controls were within the average values. Results from the PSCL revealed no significant difference between mean scores of children with thalassemia and controls. A score of attention domain was markedly higher in children with thalassemia. Internalising behaviour was the most dominant as it was detected in 10% of the patient group.
CONCLUSION: Thalassemic patients had a relatively mild affection for adaptive and psychosocial functioning that can be explained by social and medical support they receive, which may increase their competence and psychological wellbeing.
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Drudge, O. W., J. M. Peyser, A. K. Ciongoli, and S. Sriram. "Adaptive functioning in multiple sclerosis: The effects of psychological versus physical factors." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 1, no. 3 (January 1, 1986): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/1.3.253.
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Erickson, Sarah J., Melissa Gerstle, and Erica Q. Montague. "Repressive Adaptive Style and Self-Reported Psychological Functioning in Adolescent Cancer Survivors." Child Psychiatry and Human Development 39, no. 3 (October 20, 2007): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-007-0085-2.
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Ruzek, Josef I., Melissa J. Brymer, Anne K. Jacobs, Christopher M. Layne, Eric M. Vernberg, and Patricia J. Watson. "Psychological First Aid." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 17–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.29.1.5racqxjueafabgwp.
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Psychological First Aid (PFA) consists of a systematic set of helping actions aimed at reducing initial post-trauma distress and supporting short- and long-term adaptive functioning. Designed as an initial component of a comprehensive disaster/trauma response, PFA is constructed around eight core actions: contact and engagement, safety and comfort, stabilization, information gathering, practical assistance, connection with social supports, information on coping support, and linkage with collaborative services. PFA for children and adolescents focuses on these same core actions, with modifications to make them developmentally appropriate. Formal evaluation of the effectiveness of PFA is needed and it is hoped that development of a PFA Field Operations Guide will facilitate such evaluation.
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Feller, Liviu, Gal Feller, Theona Ballyram, Rakesh Chandran, Johan Lemmer, and Razia Abdool Gafaar Khammissa. "Interrelations between pain, stress and executive functioning." British Journal of Pain 14, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2049463719889380.
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Aim: The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the interrelations between pain, stress and executive functions. Implications for practice: Self-regulation, through executive functioning, exerts control over cognition, emotion and behaviour. The reciprocal neural functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system allows for the integration of cognitive and emotional neural pathways and then for higher-order psychological processes (reasoning, judgement etc.) to generate goal-directed adaptive behaviours and to regulate responses to psychosocial stressors and pain signals. Impairment in cognitive executive functioning may result in poor regulation of stress-, pain- and emotion-related processing of information. Conversely, adverse emotion, pain and stress impair executive functioning. The characteristic of the feedback and feedforward neural connections (quantity and quality) between the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system determine adaptive behaviour, stress response and pain experience.
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LaVigne, Timothy, Betsy Hoza, Alan L. Smith, Erin K. Shoulberg, and William Bukowski. "Associations Between Physical Fitness and Children’s Psychological Well-Being." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 10, no. 1 (March 2016): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2014-0053.
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We examined the relation between physical fitness and psychological well-being in children ages 10–14 years (N = 222), and the potential moderation of this relation by sex. Participants completed a physical fitness assessment comprised of seven tasks and a diverse set of self-report well-being measures assessing depressive symptoms, loneliness, and competence. Peers reported on social status and teachers rated adaptive functioning, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms. Multiple regression analyses indicated a significant association between physical fitness and psychological well-being for both boys and girls. Higher levels of physical fitness were associated with lower levels of peer dyadic loneliness and fewer depressive symptoms; greater cognitive, social, and athletic competence; greater feelings of self-worth; and better teacher reports of adaptive functioning. An interaction between internalizing and sex indicated a significant and negative association between physical fitness and internalizing symptoms for males only. No other moderation effects by sex were observed. Results suggest that physical fitness is associated with a range of well-being indicators for both boys and girls in this age group.
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Willard, Victoria W., Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Haitao Pan, Chia-Wei Hsu, Rachel C. Brennan, Matthew W. Wilson, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Kristin Goode, Kendra Parris, and Sean Phipps. "Cognitive and Adaptive Functioning in Youth With Retinoblastoma: A Longitudinal Investigation Through 10 Years of Age." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 24 (August 20, 2021): 2676–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.03422.
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PURPOSE To describe the trajectory of cognitive and adaptive functioning in pediatric patients with retinoblastoma from diagnosis through age 10. This is an extension of a previous report that discussed findings from diagnosis through age 5. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-eight participants with retinoblastoma completed psychological assessments as part of their enrollment on an institutional treatment protocol, with 73 completing an additional assessment at age 10. Trajectories of adaptive and cognitive functioning were determined, with data analyzed by treatment strata, and patients with 13q- analyzed separately. RESULTS Longitudinal trajectories identified a significant change point in trends at age 5, with functioning declining from diagnosis through age 5 and then increasing from age 5 to age 10. This pattern was observed for all strata for adaptive functioning, but only for enucleation-only patients (strata C low) for cognitive functioning. Cognitive trajectories were also influenced by laterality and enucleation status. At age 10, overall functioning was generally within the average range, although estimated intelligence quotient was significantly below the normative mean for enucleation-only (C low) patients. Patients with 13q- demonstrated very low functioning, but few analyses were significant because of small sample size. CONCLUSION The results generally indicate that previously demonstrated declines in functioning from diagnosis through age 5 improve by age 10. However, these early declines, as well as the continuous difficulties observed in patients treated with enucleation only, suggest the need for early intervention services for young patients with retinoblastoma. Continuous monitoring of the psychological functioning of patients with retinoblastoma, increased awareness of risk factors such as unilateral disease, enucleation, race, and surgery-only treatment plans, and referral to Early Intervention for all patients are indicated.
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Shulman, Shmuel, Ruth Rozen-Zvi, Zhava Almog, Shmuel Fennig, and Tamar Shavit-Pesach. "Effects of Group Psychotherapy on Young Adults’ Romantic and Career Functioning." Group Analysis 50, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0533316416685629.
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A growing number of young adults have difficulties meeting developmental challenges and experience psychological distress as a consequence of which they seek help to address these difficulties. A time-limited group psychotherapy focusing on addressing age-related tasks was developed to meet the needs of young people. Thirty-one young people seeking psychological help participated in 16 to 18 sessions of group psychotherapy. Psychological distress and goal pursuit capabilities were assessed at the beginning and the end of therapy. Compared with young people on a waiting list, participants undergoing group psychotherapy showed a significant decrease in psychological distress and increase in adaptive goal pursuit and independent functioning. Our findings indicate the importance of integrating a developmental perspective in group intervention to enhance young adults’ competence in handling age-related tasks, as well as to improve their well-being.
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Quirin, Markus, and Julius Kuhl. "The Self-Access Form." Journal of Individual Differences 39, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000244.
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Abstract. Different lines of research suggest that individuals differ in accessing self-referential information, that is, to know who they are, what they think, want, need, or feel, and that this construct is positively associated with emotion regulation, adaptive functioning, well-being, and meaning in life. We developed a brief scale of five items, the Self-Access Form (SAF) and conducted four studies to approve its validity with respect to markers of adaptive personality functioning and health. Study 1 shows a clear, unidimensional factor structure for the SAF. Self-access correlates positively with adaptive self- and emotion regulation, as well as with psychological and physical health, but does not correlate with private self-consciousness (Study 2). Additionally, self-access is positively related to self-complexity and self-integration as two markers of adaptive self-development (Study 3). It is also inversely related to self-infiltration, that is, the misconception of other individuals’ expectations as own goals (Study 4). We conclude that self-access can validly be measured by a brief scale and positively relates to adaptive functioning and health.
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Nikolskaya, Tatyana I., and Elena Yu Galitsyna. "The Differentiated Directions of Psychological Correction in Families with Children with Asthma." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 8, no. 4 (August 15, 2017): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped84105-110.
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The current article analyzes the parental defensive styles, codes and types of upbringing in families with children diagnosed with asthma in comparison with families of healthy children. The study involved 80 families. Of these, 41 families with children with asthma (41 mothers and 37 fathers) and 39 families with children without chronic diseases (39 mothers and 38 fathers). It was revealed that the fathers of children with asthma differ in educational insecurity, and mothers have persistent educational stereotypes that interfere with effective interaction with the child. In mothers of children with asthma, non-adaptive protective styles predominate, and fathers distort, whereas in the parents of healthy children adaptive protective styles are expressed. With the cluster analysis, three groups of families with children with asthma are distinguished, differing in the level of effectiveness of family functioning. The conjugation of violations of family functioning and the severity of the asthma in a child was determined. Based on the data obtained, differentiated directions of psycho-correction for families with children with asthma are described, depending on the severity of the child's disease and the level of effectiveness of family functioning. A trial program of psychological correction was conducted, according to the described directions. The analysis of the results of the second study showed the effectiveness of the proposed program of psychological correction for families with children suffering from bronchial asthma.
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Drasgow, Fritz, Oleksandr S. Chernyshenko, and Stephen Stark. "Improving the Measurement of Psychological Variables: Ideal Point Models Rock!" Industrial and Organizational Psychology 3, no. 4 (December 2010): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2010.01284.x.
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Although there is no doubt that Likert scaling suffices for straightforward scale development and use, it is important to appropriately model the response process for more complex measurement problems. In this response, we comment on the response process and four applications: assessment of dimensionality, computerized adaptive testing, differential item functioning, and individual differences in responding. In each case, we argue that correctly modeling the psychology of responding is critical.
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Townsend, Michelle L., Caitlin E. Miller, Emily L. Matthews, and Brin F. S. Grenyer. "Parental Response Style to Adolescent Self-Harm: Psychological, Social and Functional Impacts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 13407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413407.
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Adolescent self-harm is a significant public health issue. We aimed to understand how parent stress response styles to their child’s self-harm affects their wellbeing and functioning and the wider family. Thirty-seven participants in Australia (parents; 92% female) completed a mixed methods survey regarding their adolescent child’s self-harm. We conducted Pearson zero-order correlations and independent t-tests to examine the impact of parent response style on their quality of life, health satisfaction, daily functioning, and mental health. We also used thematic analysis to identify patterns of meaning in the data. Two-thirds of participants reported mental ill health and reduced functional capacity due to their adolescent’s self-harm. Parents with a more adaptive response style to stress had better mental health. Qualitative analyses revealed parents experienced sustained feelings of distress and fear, which resulted in behavioural reactions including hypervigilance and parental mental health symptoms. In the wider family there was a change in dynamics and parents reported both functional and social impacts. There is a need to develop psychological support for the adolescent affected and parents, to support more adaptive response styles, and decrease the negative effects and facilitate the wellbeing of the family unit.
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Lykins, Emily L. B., and Ruth A. Baer. "Psychological Functioning in a Sample of Long-Term Practitioners of Mindfulness Meditation." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 23, no. 3 (August 2009): 226–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.23.3.226.
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Although mindfulness meditation traditionally is viewed as a lifelong practice, much current knowledge about its effects is based on short-term practitioners who have participated in mindfulness-based treatment. In the current study, long-term meditators and demographically similar nonmeditators completed self-report measures of constructs expected to be related to the practice of mindfulness meditation. Extent of meditation experience was correlated in the expected directions with levels of mindfulness and with many other variables. Mean differences between meditators and nonmeditators were significant in most cases. Mediation analyses were consistent with the hypothesis that practicing meditation is associated with increased mindfulness in daily life, which is related to decreased rumination, decreased fear of emotion, and increased behavioral self-regulation. These mechanisms appear partially responsible for the relationships between mindfulness skills and psychological adjustment. Overall, the current study suggests that the long-term practice of mindfulness meditation may cultivate mindfulness skills and promote adaptive functioning.
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Garcia, Grisel M., P. J. Watson, Christopher J. L. Cunningham, Brian J. O’Leary, and Zhuo Chen. "Narcissism and Anger: Self-Esteem and Contingencies of Self-Worth as Mediating Self-Structures." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v9i1.163.
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Theory and research suggest that an internalization of psychological “structure” related to self-esteem may mediate relationships of Maladaptive Narcissism with higher and Adaptive Narcissism with lower Anger. In the present study (N = 623), Self-Esteem and Contingency of Self-Worth Scales served as presumed indices of the presence or absence of structure. Maladaptive Narcissism predicted greater Anger and a relative absence of structure whereas Adaptive Narcissism displayed an opposite pattern of results. Constructs assessing structure partially mediated the Maladaptive Narcissism relationship with greater Anger. Mediation analyses also revealed that structure not only fully mediated the inverse Adaptive Narcissism linkage with Anger, but also suppressed an association with greater Anger that would otherwise have been evident. These data supported the idea that psychological structure related to self-esteem is noteworthy in explaining the implications of narcissism for personality and interpersonal functioning.
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Habir, Elwathig El, Keith Marriage, Lyn Littlefield, and Kelly Pratt. "Teachers' Perceptions of Maladaptive Behaviour in Lebanese Refugee Children." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 28, no. 1 (March 1994): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679409075850.
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Research on the psychological status of children who are refugees from war has led to varying results. Children from war conditions or who have been subject to evacuation have been shown to have relatively low levels of disturbed behaviour, have internalising symptoms of anxiety or depression, display behaviour with aggressive features, and suffer slight psychological disturbance, depending on their caretakers' response to the stressful experience. Based on the contrasting evidence and observations within an inner Melbourne Muslim school, this study aimed to determine whether more behaviour problems existed in Muslim children from Lebanese families. Compared with other war refugee Muslim immigrant children, Lebanese children were not found to be more aggressive, but were more anxious. Lebanese males displayed more inattentive behaviour at school than non-Lebanese males. Sex differences were found in adaptive functioning within Lebanese and non-Lebanese groups. Differences in school performance and adaptive functioning were found between Lebanese and normative samples when males and females were analysed separately. These results are discussed in the context of teacher expectations and perceptions of culturally acceptable behaviour.
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Di Giuseppe, Mariagrazia, Graziella Orrù, Angelo Gemignani, Rebecca Ciacchini, Mario Miniati, and Ciro Conversano. "Mindfulness and Defense Mechanisms as Explicit and Implicit Emotion Regulation Strategies against Psychological Distress during Massive Catastrophic Events." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 4, 2022): 12690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912690.
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Emotion regulation is an important aspect of psychological functioning that influences subjective experience and moderates emotional responses throughout the lifetime. Adaptive responses to stressful life events depend on the positive interaction between explicit and implicit emotion regulation strategies, such as mindfulness and defense mechanisms. This study demonstrates how these emotion regulation strategies predict psychological health during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. A convenience sample of 6385 subjects, recruited via snowball sampling on various social media platforms, responded to an online survey assessing psychological reaction to social restrictions imposed to limit the spread of COVID-19 in Italy. Psychological distress, post-traumatic stress symptoms, mindfulness, and defense mechanisms were assessed using SCL-90, IES-R, MAAS, and DMRS-30-SR, respectively. Higher mindfulness was significantly associated with higher overall defensive maturity and a greater use of high-adaptive defenses (p < 0.0001). Both mindfulness and defense mechanisms acted as good predictors of psychological health (R2 = 0.541) and posttraumatic symptoms (R2 = 0.332), confirming the role of emotion regulation in protecting against maladaptive responses to stressful situations.
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Kamushadze, Tamar, Khatuna Martskvishvili, Maia Mestvirishvili, and Mariami Odilavadze. "Does perfectionism lead to well-being? The role of flow and personality traits." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 17, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.1987.
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Perfectionism is a personality trait that plays an important role in understanding human behavior and functioning. There has been a focus on the negative aspects and outcomes of perfectionism, and less is known about whether and how perfectionism relates to adaptive characteristics of personality and normal functioning. We investigated associations between different aspects of perfectionism and psychological well-being in two studies by determining the role of dispositional flow and personality traits in this relationship. In Study 1, participants completed questionnaires for perfectionism, psychological well-being and flow. In Study 2, personality traits from the HEXACO model of personality were additionally measured. We found that psychological well-being had a positive correlation with conscientious perfectionism and a negative correlation with self-evaluative perfectionism. Flow mediates the relationship between conscientious perfectionism and psychological well-being. There was no correlation between self-evaluative perfectionism and dispositional flow. After controlling for relevant personality traits, dispositional flow remains the mediator between conscientious perfectionism and psychological well-being, but the relation becomes negative. Implications for the understanding of how different components of perfectionism are related to psychological well-being and how flow experience contributes to this relationship are discussed.
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Rohan, Jennifer M., and Tanvi Verma. "Psychological Considerations in Pediatric Chronic Illness: Case Examples." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051644.
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Despite significant gains in survival rates for pediatric patients and adolescents/young adults (AYA) with chronic illness, patients in this vulnerable age group are also at an increased risk for developing one or more adverse effects related to their disease, treatment, or maladaptive health behaviors. Maladaptive health behaviors ultimately increase the risk for developing adverse effects, including: increased rates of morbidity and mortality, impaired physical functioning, increased fatigue, obesity, increased psychological distress, and poor quality of life. With close attention including participation in preventive and therapeutic health promotion interventions, problematic health behaviors can be mitigated and ultimately prevented over time. It is well known that improved psychological functioning and adaptive coping can result in improved health status. The present paper provides four case examples illustrating various psychological interventions in pediatric chronic illness. As evidenced in the four case examples, pediatric psychologists provide comprehensive interventions for patients with acute and chronic medical conditions through the use of health promotion interventions, adherence and self-management promotion, cognitive behavioral therapy, behavioral therapy, medical coping, parent training, and motivational interviewing. Our case series demonstrates that for the most impactful behavior change to occur, a combination of interventions is often the most effective.
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Pekevski, PhD, Jordan. "First responders and psychological first aid." Journal of Emergency Management 11, no. 1 (February 16, 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2013.0126.
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Emergencies and disasters are common and occur on a daily basis. Although most survivors will not experience any long-term negative mental health effects, some will. First responders tend to have first contact with the survivors and, therefore, are in a position to provide needed mental health assistance to survivors. Psychological first aid (PFA) is an evidence-informed approach to providing support to survivors following a serious crisis event, and it aims to reduce the initial distress of the traumatic event and to promote adaptive functioning and coping. PFA has gained a great deal of attention lately, likely due to the fact that it is easy to provide. This article discusses the potential negative effects of emergencies and disasters on mental health, provides a description of PFA and discusses its application, and provides an overview of the research base of PFA and a discussion on the need for future research.
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Sousa, Marina, Joana Cabral, Joana Benevides, Carolina da Motta, Célia Barreto Carvalho, and Ermelindo Peixoto. "Life satisfaction: Study of the predictors in a mixed Portuguese sample." Psychology, Community & Health 8, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/pch.v8i1.245.
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Aim Life satisfaction has been a central research topic in the field of Health Psychology, as an essential construct to individual adaptive psychological functioning. This paper aims to study the predictors of life satisfaction in a mixed sample, verifying the continuity of satisfaction with life in populations of patients with psychiatric disorders and healthy controls. Method It was used a mixed sample of non-clinical participants (n = 228) and clinical participants with psychiatric illness (n = 183) from Azores (Portugal). Correlation analyses and, subsequently, multiple linear regression analyses were carried out to study the predictors of satisfaction with life. Results Depression and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs were the best predictors of life satisfaction. Conclusion Psychological disorders constitute a vulnerability factor for dissatisfaction with life. Therefore, prevention or education and the promotion of adaptive coping strategies for adverse life situations is imperative for improving satisfaction with life, particularly in individuals affected with psychiatric illness.
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Gu, Jenny, Anke Karl, Ruth Baer, Clara Strauss, Thorsten Barnhofer, and Catherine Crane. "Latent Profile Analysis of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in a Sample With a History of Recurrent Depression." Assessment 27, no. 1 (June 19, 2017): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191117715114.
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Extending previous research, we applied latent profile analysis in a sample of adults with a history of recurrent depression to identify subgroups with distinct response profiles on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and understand how these relate to psychological functioning. The sample was randomly divided into two subsamples to first examine the optimal number of latent profiles (test sample; n = 343) and then validate the identified solution (validation sample; n = 340). In both test and validation samples, a four-profile solution was revealed where two profiles mapped broadly onto those previously identified in nonclinical samples: “high mindfulness” and “nonjudgmentally aware.” Two additional subgroups, “moderate mindfulness” and “very low mindfulness,” were observed. “High mindfulness” was associated with the most adaptive psychological functioning and “very low mindfulness” with the least adaptive. In most people with recurrent depression, mindfulness skills are expressed evenly across different domains. However, in a small minority a meaningful and replicable uneven profile indicating nonjudgmental awareness is observable. Current findings require replication and future research should examine the extent to which profiles change from periods of wellness to illness in people with recurrent depression and how profiles are influenced by exposure to mindfulness-based intervention.
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Литвиненко, Ольга. "Socio-psychological features of the adaptation potential of modern youth." Теоретичні і прикладні проблеми психології, no. 2(52) (2020): 144–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/2219-2654-2020-52-2-144-166.
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The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical research on the study of socio-psychological features of the adaptive potential of modern youth. The structural relationships between the elements of the system of adaptability are studied and the forces of connection between them are determined. The influences of personal qualities, interpersonal and family relations of modern youth (according to the questionnaire of N. Pezeshkian) on the determinants of health are considered. The conceptual approaches to the creation of a hierarchically-parity model of the adaptive potential of modern youth are substantiated. The main adaptability as components of the adaptive potential of the personality has been identified: intrapersonal, interpersonal, absence of maladaptation disorders, adaptability of personal socio-psychological potential and competence. The first four adaptations reflect the personality assessment of their own abilities and capabilities for implementing the adaptation process, while competence-based adaptability reflects directly the actions that respondents use to adapt to new conditions of functioning. It is shown that the adaptive potential of the personality is realized at the following levels: individual, personal, and the level of socio-psychological characteristics. The independence of competence adaptability from personal abilities, its reliance on individual properties and social characteristics is revealed. The structural relationships between the elements of the adaptability system are investigated and the relationships between them are determined. Identified statistically significant correlation relationships in the areas of dependence: «Intra-personal adaptability – Interpersonal adaptability», «Intra-personal adaptability – Lack of maladaptation disorders», «Personal socio-psychological potential – Interpersonal adaptability», «Absence of maladaptation aspirations personality social and psychological potential».
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Tuovinen, S., T. Aalto-Viljakainen, JG Eriksson, E. Kajantie, J. Lahti, A.-K. Pesonen, K. Heinonen, et al. "Maternal hypertensive disorders during pregnancy: adaptive functioning and psychiatric and psychological problems of the older offspring." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 121, no. 12 (April 7, 2014): 1482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12753.
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Baran, Julie N., Robert B. Noll, Lisa M. Jacola, Victoria W. Willard, Kristina K. Hardy, Leanne Embry, John A. Kairalla, Nikita Saoji, Stephanie E. Hullmann, and Naomi Winick. "General Adaptive Functioning in Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 4770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4770.4770.
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Abstract Continuous advancement in treatment strategies for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved survival rates markedly over the past decades. The overall 5-year survival rate is now approaches 90% for survivors treated with contemporary therapies that include central nervous system (CNS)-directed chemotherapy and intensified systemic chemotherapy. Late effects however, including neurocognitive deficits and osteonecrosis may present lifelong consequences for survivors. Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocol AALL0232 examined survival outcomes using a 2 x 2 factorial design that included randomizations for dexamethasone versus prednisone; and high dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue versus escalating-dose methotrexate with PEG asparaginase. This study aims to describe the academic achievement and general adaptive functioning of patients treated on this protocol. We aim to identify demographic, clinical, and treatment factors that are associated with risk for adverse academic achievement and adaptive functional outcomes. We hypothesize that children diagnosed at younger ages (<10 years) will demonstrate more academic achievement difficulties than older children (≥ 10 years old). In patients ≥ 10 at diagnosis we hypothesize that older children will show evidence of greater adaptive difficulties. Additionally, we will explore differences between scores based on treatment regimen and insurance status. Methods: Patients with ALL, treated on COG AALL0232 protocol were identified and approached to participate on AALL06N1, a companion study designed to assess psychological outcomes. Of the 1386 children enrolled on the COG trial eligible for AALL06N1, general adaptive functioning data from 175 participants 8-24 months following completion of therapy were collected. Of these, 45.1% of the participants received dexamethasone and 54.9% prednisone; 48.6% received high dose MTX and 51.4% received escalating dose MTX. Participants were an average of 14.0 months off therapy, and had a mean age of 12.5 years (SD = 5.0 years) at the time of assessment. About 57% of participants had US Private or Military Insurance (Table 1). The Wide Range Achievement Test-IV (WRAT-IV; Wilkinson & Robertson, 2006) was used to assess academic achievement in reading, mathematics, and spelling. The Adaptive Behavior Assessment System II (ABAS-II; Harrison, 2003) is a parent-report measure of adaptive functioning. It results in three Adaptive Domain Scores (Conceptual, Social, Practical) and an overall General Adaptive Composite (GAC). All scores were age standardized. Results: Mean scores for both academic achievement and adaptive functional outcomes were in the average range for all participants (Table 2). Younger children (< 10 years) performed more poorly on Spelling relative to older children (> 10 years). On general adaptive functioning, all mean scores were in the average range with no significant differences between age groups. Participants with private or military insurance had significantly higher academic achievement and adaptive functioning scores in comparison to public, non-US, and other insurances (Table 3). No significant differences were detected based on type of steroid or delivery of MTX (Table 4). Discussion: On widely used measures of academic achievement and adaptive functioning, mean overall scores were in the average range among children treated for ALL. Consistent with a priori hypothesis, the observed academic achievement of younger children was slightly lower for reading and math than for older children, but was only significantly lower for spelling. Our second hypothesis was not supported as there were no significant differences between age groups on adaptive functioning. Participant scores were not dependent on treatment arm; however, insurance status was significantly associated with academic and adaptive functioning scores, particularly for participants with private/military insurance compared to the US public. These results suggest that academic achievement and adaptive functioning in survivors of childhood ALL are, on average, not different from population norms and remain in the average range, despite neurotoxic treatments. Future work needs to follow these trajectories longitudinally to ensure that more significant late effects do not emerge over time. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Chacon, A., A. Barragan, T. Judd, and D. Safi. "Adaptive Functioning (AF) Evaluations of Foreign Nationals Facing Capital Punishment." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 7 (August 30, 2019): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz029.52.
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Abstract Objective The US Supreme Court ruled against the application of the death penalty to individuals with intellectual disability (ID) (Atkins v. Virginia, 2002). Diagnostic criteria for ID require subnormal adaptive functioning (AF) in addition to IQ test scores (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) (2010, 2012) and APA (2013) recommend using culturally sensitive approaches. Assessing AF in immigrants is a challenge because their cultural backgrounds are different than those of the standardization samples of United States AF measures. When typical AF measures are not appropriate, AAIDD (2010) offers guidelines about appropriate sources such as school, work, and medical records, prior psychosocial evaluations, and qualitative adaptive behavior interviews with multiple informants. However, defendants facing the death penalty are often raised in impoverished areas with a paucity of pertinent documentation. This study identifies and discusses issues related to the use of self-report, selection of respondents, questions, collateral information, and clinical judgment in AF evaluations of immigrants facing the death penalty. Case Description We present a case study of an AF evaluation of a Mexican national seeking ID exemption from capital punishment. Discussion We offer a framework for developing and judging the quality of an AF evaluation that adheres to the (AAIDD) (2010, 2012) and APA (2013) guidelines, and includes 1) strengths and limitations of adaptive functioning in relation to others of his age group and culture; 2) reliable evidence concerning the individual’s history in specific periods of time; 3) an account of the individual’s cultural and linguistic differences; and 4) an account for potential bias on the respondents’ side. References Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002). American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. fifth ed. Washington, DC: APA; 2013. American Psychological Association. (2016). Revision of ethical standard 3.04 of the “Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct” (2002, as amended 2010). American Psychologist, 71, 900. Schalock, R.L., Borthwick-Duffy, S.A.,Bradley, V. J., Buntix, W.H.E.,.Coulter, D.L., Craig, E.M…..Yeager, M.H. (2010). Intellectual disability: Definition, classification, and systems of supports. (11th ed.).Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. doi:978-1-935304-04-3. Schalock, R.L., Luckasson, R.A., Bradley, V., Buntinx, W.H.E., Lachapelle, Y., Shogren, K.A…Wehmeyer, M.L. (2012). Intellectual disability: Definition, classification, and system of supports: User's Guide. Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
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Jankowska, Anna. "Towards a framework for psychological resilience in children and adolescents with Borderline Intellectual Functioning." Polish Psychological Bulletin 47, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppb-2016-0035.
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Abstract Psychological well-being is one of the greatest concerns in children and adolescents with Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF). Those youths are frequently exposed to stress and social inequality, and they are particularly prone to developing mental health issues which persist through adolescence and into adult life. The purpose of this article is to introduce a framework for promoting psychological resilience in children and adolescents with BIF. Three interrelated and complementary factors require professional attention and efforts to improve resilience in children with borderline intelligence: a) protecting a child’s self-worth, b) generating sources of social support, c) training of adaptive coping skills. The significance of early diagnosis and continuous monitoring of a child’s development is also discussed. Children with BIF should be provided with internal (self-worth, coping skills) and external (social support) resources to enhance their resilience and ability to confront adversities, and to reduce the risk of mental health issues.
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Smoliyk, Svitlana. "Features of Formation Developing Educational Environment in the Conditions of Standardization of Primary Education of Ukraine." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 5, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.5.1.65-72.
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In the article on the basis of the scientific literature study, the peculiarities of the formation of the educational environment in the modern elementary school are highlighted. The basic components (informational, social-psychological, cultural-educational and material-technical) as well as components of innovative educational environment of elementary school (spatial, informative, communicative) are substantiated. In the structure of the educational environment of the school, the author identifies the following functions: didactic-educational, information-developing, coordinative, adaptive-emotional, socio-cultural, communicative, integrative, which ensure the integrity and systemic functioning of the simulated environment of the elementary school. The basic aspects of psychological and pedagogical expertise of the developing educational environment are determined in the paper. The stages of activity of all the subjects of educational-educational interaction (students, teachers, parents) in the subject-content functioning of the developing educational environment of primary school are singled out
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Di Giuseppe, Mariagrazia, Gianni Nepa, Tracy A. Prout, Fabrizio Albertini, Stefano Marcelli, Graziella Orrù, and Ciro Conversano. "Stress, Burnout, and Resilience among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Emergency: The Role of Defense Mechanisms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 5258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105258.
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The experience of working on the frontlines of the COVID-19 healthcare crisis has presented a cumulative traumatic experience that affects healthcare professionals’ well-being. Psychological resources such as resilience and adaptive defense mechanisms are essential in protecting individuals from severe stress and burnout. During September 2020, 233 healthcare workers responded to an online survey to test the impact of demographic variables, COVID-19 exposure, and psychological resources in determining stress and burnout during the COVID-19 emergency. Frontline workers reported higher scores for stress, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization (p < 0.001) as compared to colleagues working in units not directly serving patients with COVID-19. Mature defensive functioning was associated with resilience and personal accomplishment (r = 0.320; p < 0.001), while neurotic and immature defenses were related to perceived stress and burnout. Stress and burnout were predicted by lower age, female gender, greater exposure to COVID-19, lower resilience, and immature defensive functioning among healthcare professionals (R2 = 463; p < 0.001). Working on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic appears to provoke greater stress and burnout. On the other hand, resilience and adaptive defense mechanisms predicted better adjustment. Future reaction plans should promote effective programs offering support for healthcare workers who provide direct care to patients with COVID-19.
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Villarreal, Nichole Wicker, Cynthia A. Riccio, Morris J. Cohen, and Yong Park. "Adaptive Skills and Somatization in Children with Epilepsy." Epilepsy Research and Treatment 2014 (January 27, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/856735.
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Objective. Children with epilepsy are at risk for less than optimum long-term outcomes. The type and severity of their epilepsy may contribute to educational, psychological, and social outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between somatization and adaptive skills based on seizure type that could impact on those outcomes. Methods. This study examined adaptive functioning and somatization in 87 children with epilepsy using archival data from a tertiary care facility. Results. No significant differences in adaptive skills emerged between groups of children diagnosed with complex partial (CP) as compared to CP-secondary generalized (SG) seizures; however, deficits in adaptive behavior were found for both groups. The number of medications, possibly reflecting the severity of the epilepsy, was highly correlated to adaptive function. Conclusions. Identification of deficits in adaptive behavior may represent an opportunity for tailored prevention and intervention programming for children with epilepsy. Addressing functional deficits may lead to improved outcomes for these children.
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Claar, Robyn Lewis, and Laura E. Simons. "Adolescents’ Pain Coping Profiles: Expectations for Treatment, Functional Outcomes and Adherence to Psychological Treatment Recommendations." Pain Research and Management 16, no. 3 (2011): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/652853.
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OBJECTIVES: To explore how adolescents’ pain coping profiles relate to their expectations regarding psychological treatment recommendations, and to examine patients’ functioning and engagement in psychological treatment three months following a multidisciplinary pain clinic evaluation.METHODS: Adolescents and their parents completed measures of pain coping strategies, treatment expectations, pain ratings, somatic symptoms, school absences and functional disability. Parents also reported whether patients followed through with psychological treatment recommendations.RESULTS: Adaptive copers and their parents were more likely to expect psychological treatments to be helpful; however, at follow-up, there were no significant group differences in patients’ participation in psychological treatment. Patients in both groups experienced significantly lower levels of somatic symptoms and functional disability, and had fewer school absences from the initial evaluation to the follow-up.DISCUSSION: The results of the present study identify preliminary clinical implications for the way in which practitioners in multidisciplinary pain clinics present recommendations for psychological treatment to patients and their families.
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Fontes, Arlete Portella, and Anita Liberalesso Neri. "Resilience in aging: literature review." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 20, no. 5 (May 2015): 1475–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015205.00502014.
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Psychological resilience is comprised of an adaptive functioning standard before the current and accumulated risks of life. Furthermore, it has a comprehensive range of psychological resources which are essential to overcome adversities, such as personal competences, self-beliefs and interpersonal control which interact with the social networks support. The objectives are to show the concepts of psychological resilience in elderly, relative to dominant theoretical models and the main data about psychological resilience in aging, found in an international and Brazilian review from 2007 to 2013. The descriptors "resilience, psychological resilience and aging", "resiliência e envelhecimento, velhice e velho", were used in PubMed, PsychInfo, SciELO and Pepsic databases. Fifty three international and eleven national articles were selected. The international articles were classified in four categories: psychological and social coping resources, emotional regulation before stressing experiences, successful resilience and aging and correlates, and resilience measures. The Brazilian articles were grouped in three: psychological and social resources, resilience in carers and theory review. Articles on psychological resources and on emotional regulation prevailed as key factors associated with psychological resilience in aging.
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Coffman, Marika C., Rebecca C. Shaffer, Lauren M. Schmitt, Kelli C. Dominick, Ernest Pedapati, Angel Wang, Elizabeth Berry-Kravis, Nicole Tartaglia, and Craig A. Erickson. "Examination of Correlates to Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome." Brain Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 4, 2020): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10040213.
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Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multidimensional concept involving physical, psychological, social, and cognitive aspects of life. Individuals with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) experience a life-long disorder that impacts the HRQoL of the affected individual and their family. Thus, HRQoL may be an important outcome measure following intervention. However, it is yet not known whether HRQoL concerns relate to observed impairments in FXS. In the present study, we examined the nature and degree of association between HRQoL and established measures of functioning in FXS using the Parent Report for Children version of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and Cognitive Functioning Scale. We observed significant relationships between HRQoL a nd measures of adaptive behavior, maladaptive behaviors, and social functioning. The present study has implications for treatment outcomes for clinical trials in FXS.
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CARA, Olga, and Veronica CALANCEA. "Abordarea tulburărilor psihoemoționale la pacienţii oncologici." Psihologie. Revista științifico-practică = Psychology. Scientific-practical journal 41, no. 2 (December 2022): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/pspj.2022.v41.i2.p71-82.
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The diagnosis of cancer remains a devastating diagnosis, an emotional catastrophe that prevents the functioning of important coping mechanisms created during life, it is a blow that destroys the self-image of any person. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of despair in oncology patients at the diagnostic stage. The study was of a cross-sectional descriptive type, using scales, inventories and standardized psychological evaluation questionnaires applied to primary hospitalized patients (diagnosis/psychological screening stage). The study group included 52 patients. The psychotherapeutic intervention program proved to be eff ective in terms of functional thinking, sense of self-effi cacy, and adaptive coping.
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Fernández-Fernández, Virginia, Andrés Losada-Baltar, María Márquez-González, Teresa Paniagua-Granados, Carlos Vara-García, and Octavio Luque-Reca. "Emotion regulation processes as mediators of the impact of past life events on older adults’ psychological distress." International Psychogeriatrics 32, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610219002084.
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ABSTRACTObjective:Although it is known that certain emotion regulation processes produce a buffering effect on the relationship between life events and well-being, this issue has been poorly studied in the elderly population. Thus, the aim of the present study is to test and confirm a comprehensive model of the impact that past life events have on older adults’ psychological distress, exploring the possible mediating roles of emotion regulation processes. These include rumination, experiential avoidance, and personal growth.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 387 people over 60 years old residing in the community were assessed on life events, physical functioning, emotion regulation variables, psychological well-being, as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression.Results:The structural model tested achieved a satisfactory fit to the data, explaining 73% of the variance of older adults’ psychological distress. In addition, the main results suggest possible mediation effects of both the physical functioning and the emotional variables: rumination, experiential avoidance, and personal growth in the face of hardship.Conclusions:These findings confirm the importance of emotion regulation processes in the final stages of life. They reveal the various adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms that underlie the relationship between life events and psychological distress. The findings suggest – both in the explanatory models of psychological well-being and in psychotherapeutic interventions – the importance of emotion regulation in the elderly population’s health.
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Pilyugina, Elena R. "Two-dimensional classification of psychological defense mechanisms." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 2 (2020): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2020-2-270-280.
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The paper proposes the author’s classification of psychological defense mechanisms, consisting of 20 mechanisms and representing a two-dimensional model. The idea of this model is that these mechanisms have a cross-relationship between 4 levels of the hierarchy (psychotic, infantile, neurotic, and adaptive groups) and 5 types of overcoming frustration which are the basis for the formation and functioning of the defense mechanism. The novelty of the article is the idea that each of the 20 defense mechanisms belongs to one of the 5 types of overcoming frustration — distracting type (mechanisms of regression, action out, compensation, sublimation), «guilty» type (mechanisms of hypochondria, passive-aggressive behavior, reactive formation, altruism), avoiding type (mechanisms of repression, denial, avoidance, suppression), rationalizing type (mechanisms of dissociation, displacement/transfer, rationalization, humor), controlling type (mechanisms of isolation, projection, omnipotence, anticipation). The paper provides description of the defense mechanisms, examples of their manifestation, and possible reasons for their formation. The substantiation of the defense mechanisms’ belonging to the particular groups and types of classification is given. The classification is proposed as a convenient diagnostic tool for counseling psychologists, because it has an optimal number of defense mechanisms, fairly clear criteria for their determination, their location in the structure of psychological defense and the basis for their functioning. The article also provides an overview of current classifications of defense mechanisms and voices problems related to the identification and streamlining of defense mechanisms. These problems are the subtlety of semantic difference and blurring of borders between defense mechanisms, different interpretations in terminology due to difficulties in translation from foreign languages, differences in approaches to hierarchy of defense mechanisms.
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Rubio Fidel, Laura, Azucena García-Palacios, Rocío Herrero, Guadalupe Molinari, and Carlos Suso-Ribera. "Coping and Beliefs as Predictors of Functioning and Psychological Adjustment in Fibromyalgia Subgroups." Pain Research and Management 2022 (April 14, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1066192.
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Objectives. Research has pointed to two profiles of persons with fibromyalgia according to differences in functionality, thus distinguishing between functional and dysfunctional patients. The role of psychological factors underlying such clusters is unclear. This study aims to explore the contribution of pain beliefs and coping on fibromyalgia clustering. Methods. A cluster analysis was performed to classify 238 women with fibromyalgia using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory as clustering variables. Cluster differences in physical functioning, depression, pain beliefs, coping, and age were then calculated (Student’s t-test). Finally, a binary logistic regression was conducted to study the unique contribution of age, beliefs, and coping on cluster classification. Results. Two clusters were revealed. Cluster 1 had a poor adaptation to fibromyalgia regarding physical functioning and depression. They generally embraced less adaptive beliefs (i.e., disability, harm, emotion, and requests) and coping strategies (i.e., guarding, resting, and asking for assistance). Cluster 2 showed a better adaptation to fibromyalgia and adopted more favorable beliefs (i.e., control) and coping strategies (i.e., exercise and task persistence). Cluster differences in age were significant but small. The backward binary logistic regression suggested a final model with six predictors (guarding, task persistence, harm, emotion, solicitude, and age) that explained 31% of the variance of group membership. Discussion. These results suggest that only a subset of psychological variables uniquely and independently contribute to functional/dysfunctional group membership. The results support the need to address psychological components in the management of fibromyalgia and point to a subset of preferred target beliefs and coping strategies.
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Ghorbani, Nima, Zhuo Job Chen, Fatemeh Rabiee, and PJ Watson. "Religious fundamentalism in Iran: Religious and psychological adjustment within a Muslim cultural context." Archive for the Psychology of Religion 41, no. 2 (July 2019): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0084672419878832.
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This first analysis of the Religious Fundamentalism Scale in Iran further examined findings that conservative religious commitments have positive adjustment implications outside the West. Religious Fundamentalism in a sample of 385 Iranian university students displayed direct relationships with Muslim religiosity and spirituality and correlated positively with the Transcendence and negatively with the Symbolism Post-Critical Beliefs (PCB) factors. Religious Fundamentalism, and conservative religiosity more generally, predicted better mental health in relationship with variables related to self-regulation, narcissism, and splitting. PCB factors defined a fundamentalist attitude of Literal Affirmation that also displayed some linkages with more adaptive psychological functioning. Iranians who self-identified as “both religious and spiritual” were more conservative religiously and more adjusted psychologically than three other religious-spiritual types. Conservative religiosity did predict the maladjustment of Exploitable Dependency. These data further suggested that conservative religiosity can have largely, though not wholly, positive mental health implications outside the West.
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Лагунова, N. Lagunova, Голубова, T. Golubova, Поленок, and I. Polenok. "State of the adaptive-compensatory mechanisms in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its changes after sanatorium-resort treatment." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 8, no. 1 (November 5, 2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7236.
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The changes of adaptive-compensatory reactions, pronounced stress of regulatory mechanisms, the imbalance between the autonomic nerve system and sympatho-adrenal system are one of the reasons of type 1 diabetes mellitus course lability. The purpose of this study was to examine the adaptive-compensatory reactions, the condition of autonomic nervous system, sympatho-adrenal system, emotional state and changes of the studied parameters under the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation effects in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The research and analysis of the obtained results allowed to determine significant changes of various organs and systems in the majority of children (65,0%) with diabetes. These changes are manifested in the polymorphic somatoneurological symptoms and were as consequences of the high level of regulatory systems tension, violation of adaptive-compensatory reactions, changes in emotional state, increased activity of sympatho-adrenal system. Sanatorium-resort treatment had the positive effects on the major body life defining systems functioning of observed children. Adaptive-compensatory mechanisms of the functioning of the autonomic and sympatho-adrenal systems were improved (after treatment functional rearrangements were determined by increasing the activity of humoral and vagal effects, decreased sympathetic activity, reflecting the favorable orientation of the regulatory mechanisms of the autonomic nervous system), there were positive changes in psychological terms (decreased high level of anxiety, increased extraversion and interpersonal contacts in children).
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Huyghebaert, Tiphaine, Nicolas Gillet, Fadi-Joseph Lahiani, Amandine Dubois-Fleury, and Evelyne Fouquereau. "Psychological Safety Climate as a Human Resource Development Target: Effects on Workers Functioning Through Need Satisfaction and Thwarting." Advances in Developing Human Resources 20, no. 2 (February 20, 2018): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422318756955.
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The Problem This article seeks to identify a new lever to act on employee burnout, work–family conflict (WFC), affective commitment to the organization (ACO), and work engagement. It examines whether psychosocial safety climate (PSC) can affect these outcomes. Furthermore, this empirical article addresses the psychological mechanisms that could explain such effects, and explores the mediating role of need satisfaction and need thwarting in these relationships. The Solution We conducted a study to examine whether need satisfaction and thwarting mediated the effects of PSC on burnout, WFC, ACO, and work engagement. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that the effects of PSC on employee adaptive and maladaptive functioning were partially mediated by psychological need satisfaction and thwarting, respectively. The Stakeholders Implications for human resource development (HRD) are offered, including recommendations to promote PSC and foster need satisfaction, while preventing experiences conducive to need thwarting.
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Demers, Lauren A., Elizabeth D. Handley, Ruskin H. Hunt, Fred A. Rogosch, Sheree L. Toth, Kathleen M. Thomas, and Dante Cicchetti. "Childhood Maltreatment Disrupts Brain-Mediated Pathways Between Adolescent Maternal Relationship Quality and Positive Adult Outcomes." Child Maltreatment 24, no. 4 (May 13, 2019): 424–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559519847770.
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The quality of early caregiving may partially shape brain structure and circuits involved in regulating emotions, including the frontal cortex, affecting vulnerability to the development of psychopathology and maladaptation. Given the profound impact of child maltreatment (CM) on psychological and neural development, we tested whether CM alters the pathways linking mother–adolescent relationship, frontal cortex, and adult outcomes. We used structural equation modeling to investigate whether CM history affected the association between mother–child relationship quality during early adolescence, frontal lobe volume in adulthood, and adult internalizing and externalizing symptomatology and competence. Participants from a longitudinal high-risk, low-income sample included 48 adults with a history of CM and 40 adults without such history ( M = 30.0 years). Results showed that greater frontal lobe volume predicted higher levels of adult adaptive functioning and fewer adult internalizing symptoms but showed no relation to adult externalizing symptoms. Frontal lobe volume significantly mediated the effect of adolescent maternal relationship quality on both adult internalizing symptoms and adult adaptive functioning, but only for individuals with no maltreatment history. Given the observed relationship between frontal lobe volume and healthy adult functioning across the full sample, it will be important to identify protective factors in maltreated individuals that foster frontal lobe development.
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Brodsky, Stanley L., and Allyson D. Bennett. "Psychological Assessments of Confessions and Suggestibility in Mentally Retarded Suspects." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 33, no. 3 (September 2005): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318530503300303.
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Concerns about mentally retarded individuals in the justice system have been addressed in research and in recent appellate rulings. Research studies have reported cognitive deficits in decision-making, planning, and rational understanding, as well as, social impairments, limitations in language abilities, and susceptibility to acquiescence and suggestibility. For suspects functioning in the intellectual and adaptive category of mental retardation, a voluntary, knowing, and intelligent waiver of Miranda rights becomes uncertain. The validity of confessions during police interrogations by mentally retarded persons should routinely be questioned. False confessions elicited by leading questions and interrogative pressure can have adverse consequences. No specific legal or clinical guidelines presently exist regarding the assessment of competence to waive Miranda rights in retarded citizens. The present paper explores psychological issues and proposes three domains and five forensic-clinical recommendations in the evaluation of competence to waive Miranda rights in mentally retarded individuals.
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Skedina, М. А., А. А. Kovaleva, and M. G. Potapov. "ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО МЕТОДА ЭКСПРЕСС-ОЦЕНКИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ НЕРВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У КОСМОНАВТОВ." Aerospace and Environmental Medicine 56, no. 5 (2022): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-51-59.
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The ground-based studies with isolation (105- and 520-d isolation campaigns within the MARS-500 project) and modeled microgravity (5- and 21-d dry immersion) were aimed to test an integrated method of rapid assessment of the brain energy and electrical activities indicative of a current CNS status and adaptive changes. The method consists of synchronous recording electroencephalogram (EEG), constant potential level (CPL), and a number of psychophysiological tests. Analyzed parameters are a EEG pattern, relative power of EEG θ- (4–8 Hz), α- (8–13 Hz) and β-1- (13–25 Hz) waves, averaged CPL, ΔCPL values, and interhemispheric asymmetry. The method that measures CNS tension in response to psychological and physical stresses, adaptation to an unusual environment, fatigue and readaptation can be used to examine cosmonaut's CNS functioning prior to and after space mission, and in the period of post-mission recovery.
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Pulkkinen, Lea, Taru Feldt, and Katja Kokko. "Adaptive Behavior in Childhood as an Antecedent of Psychological Functioning in Early Middle Age: Linkage Via Career Orientation." Social Indicators Research 77, no. 1 (May 2006): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-5558-8.
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ARTAMONOV, YEVHEN, IURII GOLOVACH, and VITALII ZYMOVCHENKO. "FEATURES OF CONTENT PRESENTATION IN MULTI-SCENARIO SYSTEMS." Computer systems and information technologies, no. 2 (October 4, 2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/csit-2021-4-5.
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When software is developed, it is assumed that it can be used by different groups of users. The difference between these groups may be not only in the level of technical qualifications, but also in physiological and psychological differences, features of hardware, software, environment, and so on. Lead to the need of creation of the universal interface that can suit all users. Due to the fact that all users are different, this problem has no solution and in fact the interface corresponds to the property "least inconvenient" instead of "most convenient". The problem of adapting software and hardware to the conditions of use is solved by each team of developers with their own methods, but the approach to analyzing the problem and solutions is almost the same and comes down to building scenarios for the use of hardware and software. The article represent a general approach to the creation of multi-scenario systems for various purposes - electronic educational systems, hardware educational systems for the visually impaired, medical diagnostic systems. The following problems of development were solved in the article: adaptive intelligent interface, architecture and structure of adaptive intelligent interface and algorithms of functioning of adaptive system interface agents. The presented examples of hardware and software solutions, and the visualization of the model of the adaptive learning system will allow to develop own algorithms for the implementation of multi-scenario systems.
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Tsarkova, O., and H. Warina. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF RE-SOCIALIZATION OF CONVICTS, AS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT DIRECTIONS OF RECURRENT CRIME PREVENTION." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, no. 2 (9) (2018): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2018.2(9).22.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the determinants of the successful establishment and functioning of the system of re-socialization of convicts. The relevance of this problem is determined by the contradiction between the need to return prisoners to a full life in society, the need to reproduce their family interaction skills, and the insufficient theoretical, methodological and methodical elaboration of this problem. The goal is to determine the features of resocialization and disclosure of the content and essence of adaptive family relations of convicts as a factor in the prevention of recidivism in modern scientific, theoretical and practical conditions of activity and functioning of the social and legal state. It has been determined that one of the most important aspects of the return of persons serving a sentence to a full-fledged life in society is the reproduction of their skills of adaptive social interaction, including adequate family behavior, correction of permanent and rigid role and behavioral stereotypes. The family relationship of the convicted person is considered as one of the reasons for his criminal behavior and the object of early prevention of unlawful behavior. Among the features of the family relations of convicts, the following characteristic is singled out: a significant weakening of their positive ties in society. The study led to the conclusion that the restoration of socially useful relations and the formation of adaptive family behavior, the legal status of the released without the provision of effective assistance is impossible. The resocialization of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty involves the active management of this process by penitentiary institutions and state bodies, the elimination or neutralization of negative factors that impede the return of persons who have served their sentences to socially useful activities. A comprehensive approach to the process of resocialization and to the study of this socio-legal category in modern conditions of humanization and democratization of society is needed.
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Zavatska, Nataliya, Marianna Toba, Yevgeniya Kashirina, and Liliya Boiaryn. "Psychological correction of preschool children with adaptation disorders." Теоретичні і прикладні проблеми психології, no. 3(50)T3 (2019): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/2219-2654-2019-50-3-3-108-118.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the psychological peculiarities of the personality of preschool children with adaptation disorders and the means of their correction. It is shown that the study of socio-psychological factors of adaptation disorders in preschool children and their correction is due to the need to understand the problems associated with the presence of preschool children who have difficulties in the process of social adaptation. This category includes children who have adaptive reactions with disturbances in the emotional sphere (with complaints of parents on anxiety, fearfulness, tearfulness, daily fluctuations of activity, mood), in the behavioral sphere (with complaints of parents on irritability, aggressiveness, negativity, negativity relations with others), with mixed disorders (children whose parents have sought help in connection with anxiety, anxiety, fearfulness of the child - on the one hand, and its aggressiveness, irritability, conflict - on the other). Given that adaptation disorders among preschoolers are included in the structure of neuroses, neurodevelopmental disorders, they are the correlate of pre-morbid conditions, the issues of their effective correction are especially acute in the face of modern psychological science and practice. The particular importance of adaptation disorders in preschool children is one of the main conscious reasons for parents seeking the help of psychologists and other professionals. Adaptation disorders affect the whole structure of the child's personality and often develop into persistent forms of mental pathology. The focus of the study was the system of psychological correction of preschool children with adaptation disorders. This system was considered as a set of components: individual psychocorrection (for the purpose of psychological processing, resolution of intrapersonal conflict); group psycho-correction (with the aim of increasing social adaptation, correction of interpersonal plan of functioning of personality); family counseling (to create acceptable conditions for a microsocial plan for personality functioning).