Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Adaptive organisations'
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Stephenson, Amy Victoria. "Benchmarking the Resilience of Organisations." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Civil & Natural Resources Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5303.
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Our world is more technologically advanced and interdependent, risks are increasingly shared across local, regional and national boundaries and we are more culturally diverse than ever before. As a result, communities are increasingly confronted with emergencies and crises which challenge their social and economic stability. To be resilient, communities rely on services and employment provided by organisations, to enable them to plan for, respond to, and recover from emergencies and crises. However organisational and community resilience are two sides of the same coin; if organisations are not prepared to respond to emergencies and crises, communities too are not prepared.
Resilient organisations are also better poised to develop competitive advantage. However despite the potential business and performance rewards of becoming more resilient, organisations struggle to prioritise resilience and to allocate resources to resilience, which could be put to more immediate use. To enable organisations to invest in their resilience, the business case for resilience must be better than the case for new equipment or new staff.
This thesis develops a methodology and survey tool for measuring and benchmarking organisational resilience. Previous qualitative case study research is reviewed and operationalised as a resilience measurement tool. The tool is tested on a random sample of Auckland organisations and factor analysis is used to further develop the instrument. The resilience benchmarking methodology is designed to guide organisations’ use of the resilience measurement tool and its incorporation into business-as-usual continuous improvement.
Significant contributions of this thesis include a new model of organisational resilience, the resilience measurement tool, and the resilience benchmarking methodology. Together these outputs translate the concept of resilience for organisations and provide information on resilience strengths and weaknesses that enable them to proactively address their resilience and to develop a business case for resilience investment.
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Colman, Alan Wesley, and n/a. "Role oriented adaptive design." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070320.110756.
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Software systems are becoming inexorably more open, distributed, pervasive, mobile and
connected. This thesis addresses the problem of how to build adaptive software systems.
These systems need to reliably achieve system-level goals in volatile environments, where
the system itself may be built from components of uncertain behaviour, and where the
requirements for the software system may be changing. This thesis adopts the systemtheoretic
concept of ontogenic adaptation from biology, and applies it to software
architecture. Ontogenic adaptation is the ability of an individual system to maintain its
organisational integrity by reconfiguring and regulating itself. A number of approaches to
adaptive software architecture have been recently proposed that, to varying degrees, enable
limited adaptive behaviour and reconfiguration, but none possess all the properties needed
for ontogenic adaptation. We introduce a meta-model and framework called Role Oriented
Adaptive Design (ROAD) that is consistent with the concept of maintaining organisational
integrity through ontogenic adaptation.
The ROAD meta-model defines software applications as networks of functional roles
which are executed by players (objects, components, services, agents, people, or rolecomposites).
These flexible organisational structures are adaptive because the relationships
(contracts) between roles, and the bindings between roles and players, can be regulated and
reconfigured at run-time. Such flexible organisational role-structures are encapsulated into
composites each with its own organiser. Because self-managed composites are themselves
role-players, these composites can be distributed and recursively composed. The organisers
of the composites form a management system over which requirements and performance
data pass. Rather than being monolithic constructions, ROAD software applications are
dynamic, self-managed compositions of loosely-coupled, and potentially, distributed
entities.
The concepts in the ROAD meta-model have been implemented in a programming
framework which can be extended by the application programmer to create adaptive
applications. Central to this framework are dynamic contracts. These contracts define the
role structure, control interactions between the role instances, and measure the performance
of those interactions. Adaptivity is achieved by monitoring and manipulating these
contracts, along with the role-player bindings. Contracts have been implemented using the
mechanism of �association aspects�.
The applicability of the ROAD framework to the domain of Service-Oriented
Computing is demonstrated. The framework is further evaluated in terms of its ability to
express the concept of ontogenic adaptation and also in terms of the overhead its runtime
infrastructure imposes on interactions.
3
Prasad, Kumkum. "Organisations as complex adaptive systems : implications for the design of information systems." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57909/.
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Today a paradigm shift in the field of organisation and management theories is no longer disputed and the need to switch from the Command-and-Control to the Leaming Organisation Paradigm (LOP) in the area of organisational theory is well understood. However, it is less well appreciated that learning organisations cannot operate effectively if supported by centralised databases and tailor-made application programs. LOP emphasises adaptability, flexibility, participation and learning. It is important to understand that the changes in organisational and management strategies will not on their own be able to produce the desired effects unless they are supported by appropriate changes in organisational culture, and by effective information systems. This research demonstrates that conventional information system strategies and development methods are no longer adequate. Information system strategies must respond to these needs of the LOP and incorporate new information systems that are capable of evolving, adapting and responding to the constantly changing business environment. The desired adaptability, flexibility and agility in information systems for LOP can be achieved by exploiting the technologies of the Internet, World Wide Web, intelligent agents and intranets. This research establishes that there is a need for synergy between organisational structures and organisational information systems. To obtain this desired synergy it is essential that new information systems be designed as an integral part of the learning organisational structure itself. Complexity theory provides a new set of metaphors and a host of concepts for the understanding of organisations as complex adaptive systems. This research introduces the principles of Complex Adaptive Systems and draws on their significance for designing the information systems needed to support the new generation of learning organisations. The search for new models of information system strategies for today's dynamic world of business points to the 'swarm models' observed in Nature.
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BONNELL, HARRY, PING LI, and LINGEN THEKLA VAN. "Nonviolent Communication : a Communication Tool to support the Adaptive Capacity of Organisations?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14864.
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Adaptive capacity is essential for organisations to be able to adapt to the sustainability challenge, and change its course. Nonviolent Communication (NVC) is an interpersonal communication tool that enables a user to move from a language of judgements to a language of needs by using 4 steps: observation, feelings, needs, and request. As communication is essential to the adaptive capacity of a social system, this thesis explores the question: How does Nonviolent Communication support the adaptive capacity of organisations? Through a mixed methods approach (semi-structured interviews and surveys with NVC trainers, organisational representatives and employees), the effects of NVC on communication in 3 sample organisations in the Netherlands (a school, NGO and research institute), is explored. Quantitative survey results show that NVC has a positive to very positive effect on common organisational communication dynamics. Qualitative data supports this finding and shows that NVC brings positive effects of increased understanding, listening, and progress in work related issues through an increased awareness of one’s own and other’s needs and feelings. When linking these results to adaptive capacity of organisations, it is concluded that NVC directly supports the adaptive capacity elements of trust, diversity and learning, and indirectly supports common meaning and self-organisation.
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Brennan, Vincent T. "Developing a contingent, adaptive strategy model for nonprofit organisations: A systems approach." Thesis, Brennan, Vincent T. (2001) Developing a contingent, adaptive strategy model for nonprofit organisations: A systems approach. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52650/.
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The literature on strategic management highlights the fact that strategy formulation must facilitate adaptiveness and be suitable for individual organisation structure and culture. This thesis reports on the development of a systems based approach to the strategic management of non-profit organisations. The supporting theory was developed from a study of general systems theory, human values theory, organisation theory, strategic management concepts and decision science. The need for this approach stems from a fundamental difference between forprofit and a substantial number of nonprofit organisations. With forprofit organisations, there is a direct relationship between customer satisfaction with products and services and the revenue generated for the business. With nonprofits, there is not a direct relationship between outputs and revenue. Largely, in nonprofits, donor revenue is related to the quality of marketing for fundraising and not strongly to the quality of programmes and services to clients. There is a nexus between achieving the mission of the organisation and the readiness for donor’s to contribute, but this connection is not as significant as in forprofit organisations.
In forprofit organisations, the mission incorporates all elements of the organisation. In the core focus of revenue/profit making, it necessarily integrates the business’ processes. However, in nonprofit organisations the mission is focused on the provision of programmes and services to needy clients. The financial resources required to fund these programmes/services need not be related to the outcomes and thus, the management of nonprofits, from a strategic planning perspective, is concerned with twin responsibilities in twin strategic sectors. Essentially, with nonprofits, strategic management must focus more distinctly on two elements: firstly, the provision of programmes and services and secondly, the raising of funds. In this study, the need for two elements or strands of strategic management is called “The Bifurcated Strategic Model”.
The impact of change and uncertainty in the external environment calls for a different strategic planning approach for these two elements. It is suggested that environmental uncertainty has a greater influence in respect of fundraising and relatively less in the area of programmes and services delivery. This “Variable Uncertainty Theory” indicates that, with relatively greater uncertainty with fundraising, there is an increased need for the adoption of an adaptive strategy, whereas, with the programme/service aspect, a more conventional strategic approach may be applied.
A research project was carried out within a nonprofit organisation to investigate these theoretical propositions. This research vehicle was used to test out the individual methods but not as a case study of the application of the total methodology. The initial step in the research was largely information gathering. To ensure all stakeholders’ views were included and a thorough assessment made of knowledge, skills and power throughout the organisation, a systems approach was favoured. Further, a systems approach provides a broad number of ‘tools’ and techniques allowing more flexible and creative problem solving in complex and uncertain organisational situations. The study endeavours to demarcate the problem situation from a ‘mess’ of problems to where a model can be formulated to implement strategic decisions. Within this process, the application of methodology is dynamic; it is fashioned to correspond to the changing appreciation of the problem, therefore flexibly and creatively combining and modifying ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ methods to bring about a practical solution. The methodology should facilitate participation by all classes of stakeholder in problem definition, strategic planning and strategy adjustment.
The study methodology utilised an approach based on Total Systems Intervention (TSI). TSI by its critical nature encourages a complementarist multi-method modus operandi which could lead to an inductive, practical, empirically founded theory of contingent strategy formulation. Thus, in the initial stages of the study the research was restricted to qualitative, soft systems methodologies in order to provide a basis upon which to support more structured and quantitative methodologies. Following the System of Systems Methodologies guidelines, the approach taken by the researcher, based on limited observation of the research vehicle, was to assume it presented the characteristics of a ‘complex system problem’. Therefore, it was considered better to work initially, from the premise of greater complexity and hence to apply the techniques of Critical Systems Thinking.
Boundary judgements define the borders of concern of the stakeholders. Quite simply, it follows that whatever is considered by the stakeholders to be important must always have a normative element in need of careful scrutiny. A systems approach using boundary judgements, will produce different viewpoints and solutions to problem situations. In this research into the development of strategy in nonprofit organisations, the implications of this concept of boundary judgements were significant. They suggest, that in order to overcome the asymmetry of knowledge, skills and power within organisations there is, in fact, an inherent layer of fundamental processes which can be tapped into to ensure rational and democratic judgements.
However, the concept of boundary judgements needs to be operationalised for practical application. To this end, ‘Critical Systems Heuristics’ has been developed into a conceptual framework of twelve basic boundary categories, which represent relative a priori judgements. Before an issue can be considered in terms of relevant ‘facts’ and ‘values’, we need to determine boundary judgements about the system of concern. This means giving empirical and normative content to these twelve abstract boundary categories. A practical way of using this critical thinking concept was by means of a series of interview questions. This method offered the advantage that it served as a step-by-step guide for systematic analysis of the knowledge and power structures in the organisation.
In line with the critical/complementarist approach, several other methodologies were utilised to develop a greater understanding of the factors influencing strategic planning in the organisation. By linking systems methodologies and human values theory, an holistic organisational perspective was achieved combining all systems strata and merging individual worldviews within the organisation’s culture and ethos. An Organisation Priorities Survey (Values Survey) was carried out. Its main purpose was to establish if the analysis of values and their clusters provided evidence of Bifurcation within the research vehicle.
Similar epistemological linkages were made with ORDIT (Organisational Requirements Definition for Information Technology) and OPIUM (Organisation Performance Improvement and Understanding Methodology) in a multi-method methodology. ORDIT provides a means of representing an organisational structure as a network of responsibility relationships within a socio-technical system. The main purpose of the ORDIT methodology is to provide an engagement facility to enable stakeholders and problem solvers to interrelate to specify requirements that are both social and technical. These may be related to, and assist in, the determination of a contingent strategic model. OPIUM is an organisation improvement methodology developed to examine both the ‘soft’ people issues and the ‘hard’ measurable goals. The OPIUM methodology integrates the primary strategic and operational processes across the organisation. Within the context of this study, OPIUM had the facility to provide a dual functionality: the integration process for adaptive strategy formulation and the environmental linkage for strategy adjustment.
The investigation of a set of methodologies led to the development of a comprehensive (and contingent) Strategic Implementation Methodology, including an Adaptive Response Mechanism to monitor the organisation’s environment and make appropriate responses.
The primary aim of this thesis was to demonstrate that an adaptive, contingent strategic planning model could be developed using a systems approach within a multimethod methodology. The study was carried out in a nonprofit organisation to test out the theoretical propositions. Several research problems were defined at the outset of the study and these were successfully addressed, to a greater or lesser degree, during the investigation. Also, they provided a guide to future research; they are essentially the current step in a long process.
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Vargas, Anamaria, and Pietro Antonio Negro. "Driving organisational culture change for sustainability. Employee engagement as means to fully embed sustainability into organisations." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21729.
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When integrating sustainability, companies are often overlooking the changes needed in their organisational culture. This hinders organisations’ core business to efficiently embed sustainability and dooms corporate sustainability initiatives to be superficial. A possible solution is for organisations to develop a sustainability- oriented organisational culture that engages employees with the sustainability change and that develops a leadership supportive of the engagement of their employees. As a result, this thesis aims at exploring how organisations can change their organisational culture in order to fully integrate sustainability by engaging employees and managers. Specifically, it studies how employee engagement can contribute to transforming organizational cultures to fully embed sustainability. Additionally, this paper analyses how managers can support employee engagement with sustainability. The thesis conducts a literature review to set the theoretical foundations; it further resorts to semi-structured interviews and document analysis conducted in a Swedish public company, which has begun to integrate sustainability into its culture. The study finds that organisations’ cultures are being changed at the artifact levels and, partially, at the values and beliefs level of their cultures. Additionally, the thesis establishes that organisations are failing to create the conditions for employee engagement. It finally shows that leadership in companies is not efficiently supporting the engagement of employees to integrate sustainability into their culture.
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Henriksen, Eva. "Understanding in Healthcare Organisations- a prerequisite for development." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3072.
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This study proposes that poor understanding of the structures, processes and outcomes of organisations seriously hampers collaboration between professional groups in care organisations. Three care settings were investigated: follow-up of patients with heart disease, an intensive care unit and care services for older people.
The overall aim was to investigate how people understand structures, processes and outcomes in care organisations. The participants were patients, patient representatives, healthcare professionals, managers and politicians.
A qualitative approach was used. Thematic analysis and grounded theory were employed in analysing the data.
Despite considerable efforts, no major changes took place over a 7-year period as to how cardiac follow-up services were understood. The system of cardiac follow-up services was found fragmented in its organisation and in the way individuals understood it. The results indicate that care professionals, patients and leaders have dissimilar understandings. The data suggest that care is organised from a professional-centred perspective rather than from a holistic worldview of the patients’ total context. Leaders in intensive care perceive their organisation as a learning organisation. However, in daily work healthcare tends to function to what can be described as a mass production approach to care. This state of conflict caused confusion and chaos among the leaders. The municipal elderly care services and the county council’s geriatric organisation had difficulties in co-ordination. Older people were perceived as passive recipients of healthcare, rather than as consumers whose well being and outcome were a reflection to the quality of the service.
The study concludes that despite the major changes that have taken place in the Swedish health and elderly care organisations over the past years, healthcare professionals’ understanding of their work has gone largely unchanged. Their understanding of care structures and processes did not change despite outside pressures. Lack of understanding of what others understand hampers development with the result that care organisations risk stagnation.
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Aidanpää, Mathilda, and Mathilda Sjöberg. "Digital Transformation: Governance as a TransitionTool : A case study at a Swedish municipality." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296648.
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As society becomes increasingly digitalised, pressure is put on public organisations to keep up with technological developments. Thus, digital transformations, which is a strategic relocation of the business, have become essential for organisations. Digital transformations are associated with complexity and a high failure rate, partly due to organisational barriers and the necessity of structural changes and possessing several dynamic capabilities. Private organisations have led the way in the era of integrating technology with business, and public organisations have attempted to follow. As a result, governing inspired by private organisations have been developed for public organisations, namely new public management. However, this governing does not cover values essential for public organisations, e.g., public value, nor facilitating digital transformations. Governance that enables adaptation and responsiveness as well as creating public value is necessary, e.g., adaptive and agile governance. This thesis aims to investigate digital transformation in public organisations and the effect governing principles have on it. The study also explores the potential of adaptive governance and if digitalisation can enable municipalities to work with sustainability. To answer this, an exploratory study is conducted, which includes a case study, and a framework is constructed based on a literature review together with four in-depth interviews with scientists. The framework is then applied to the case study, consisting of 11 semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that digital transformations of public organisations can be conducted without considering governing principles. However, governance can affect how successful the transformation is and what value creation it can bring. Using governance that does not facilitate the transformation could impact its success. Adaptive governance can solve many issues in municipal digital transformations, but may not solely be the solution. It emphasises learning and trial and-error and observes the transformation through an ecosystem perspective. However, the practical implications of it are limited as no methods exist. Thus, combinations with other governing principles may be required. Additionally, digitalisation cannot enable municipalities to achieve sustainability aims on its own. Instead, digital technologies are tools that the municipality can use to achieve sustainability. The study contributes to research by investigating the effect governing principles has on digital transformations of public organisations in a Swedish context, which previously was lacking. The framework can provide a guide and analysis tool for public organisation’s digital transformation, and shows potential to be applied in practice.När samhället blir alltmer digitaliserat pressas offentliga organisationer att hålla jämna steg med den tekniska utvecklingen. Således har digitala transformationer, som är en strategisk förflyttning av verksamheten, blivit väsentligt för organisationer. Digitala transformationer är förknippade med komplexitet och hög andel misslyckanden, delvis på grund av nödvändiga strukturella förändringar och innehav av flertalet dynamiska kapaciteter, såväl som organisatoriska hinder. Privata organisationer har lett vägen i att integrera teknik med verksamheten och offentliga organisationer har försökt följa med. Detta har resulterat i att styrningen av offentliga organisationer inspirerats av näringslivet, nämligen new public management. Denna styrning täcker dock inte värden som är viktiga för offentliga organisationer, t.ex. offentligt värde, eller underlättar digitala transformationer. Styrning som möjliggör anpassning och lyhördhet samt skapar offentligt värde är nödvändigt, exempelvis adaptiv och agil styrning. Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka digitala transformationer i offentlig sektor och vilken effekt styrande principer har på det. Studien undersöker också potentialen för adaptiv styrning och om digitalisering kan göra det möjligt för kommuner att arbeta med hållbarhet. För att svara på detta genomförs en undersökande studie, som inkluderar en fallstudie, och ett ramverk skapas baserat på en litteraturgenomgång tillsammans med fyra djupintervjuer med forskare. Ramverket tillämpas sedan på fallstudien, bestående av elvasemistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultaten tyder på att digitala transformationer av offentliga organisationerkan genomföras utan att ta hänsyn till styrande principer, men styrningen kan påverka hur optimal transformationen är och vilket värdeskapande den kan ge. Att använda styrning som inte underlättar transformationen kan påverka hur framgångsrik den är. Adaptiv styrning har förmågan att lösa många problem som finns i kommunala digitala transformationer, men är inte enskilt lösningen. Den betonar lärande och experimenterande samt observerar transformationen ur ett ekosystemsperspektiv. De praktiska implikationerna av den är dock begränsade, då den inte innehar specifika metoder. Således kan kombinationer med andra styrande principer krävas. Därtill medför inte digitalisering att kommuner uppnår hållbarhetsmål på egen hand. Istället bör digital teknik ses som verktyg som kommuner kan använda för att uppnå hållbarhet. Studien bidrar till forskning genom att undersöka vilken effekt styrande principer har på digital transformation inom offentliga organisationer ur ett svenskt perspektiv, vilket saknas i tidigare forskning. Ramverket kan tillhandahålla ett guide- och analysverktyg för offentliga organisationers digitala transformation och visar potential att kunna användas i praktiken.
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Karlsson, Oskar. "Implementation of coping and adaptive measures by non-governmental organisations during drought : A case-study of the international federation of the red cross and crescent societies in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-455254.
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This thesis focuses on cases of drought since it is one of the most common and disastrous natural hazards that we experience on earth. Non-governmental organisations have traditionally offered humanitarian aid directed to response and relief measures. However, research shows that more long-term adaptive measures are more effective in reducing vulnerability and decreasing disaster risk. This thesis investigates how the International federation of the red cross and crescent society (IFRC) engage in vulnerability reducing measures through short-term coping and long-term adaptive measures and if it is in line with what the research presented in the theory section of this thesis has shown is the most effective way. Through the use of qualitative content analysis and a case-study design, four reports from two cases of drought in Sub-Saharan Africa have been analysed. The results indicate that the IFRC are still more prone to implement coping measures, but that adaptive measures are visible throughout the entirety of their projects. This thesis will have nuanced the work of Non-governmental organisations in disaster-struck areas and to contribute to future studies by its generalisability.
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Burnard, Kevin J. "Establishing the resilient response of organisations to disruptions : an exploration of organisational resilience." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12489.
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The focus of this thesis is to investigate resilience at an organisational level. The research aims to identify and establish the features of resilience within the response of an organisation to disruptive and crisis events. Natural disasters, pandemic disease, terrorist attacks, economic recession, equipment failure and human error can all pose both a potentially unpredictable and severe threat to the continuity of an organisation's operations. As a result, disruptive events highlight the need to develop robust and resilient organisational and infrastructural systems capable of adapting and overcoming complex disruptive events.
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Ruth, Diana. "Evaluation eines Frühwarnsystems für Virtuelle Organisationen aus informationstechnischer Sicht." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-140586.
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Kota, Ramachandra. "Self-adapting agent organisations." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/72019/.
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Autonomic systems, capable of self-management, are being advocated as a solution to the problem of maintaining modern, large, complex computing systems. Given this, we believe self-organising multi-agent systems provide a convenient paradigm to develop these autonomic systems because such self-organising systems can arrange and re-arrange their structure autonomously, without any external control, in order to adapt to changing requirements and environmental conditions. Furthermore, such systems need to be decentralised, so that they are robust against failures; again, this characteristic fits with the multi-agent paradigm. With this motivation, this thesis explores the area of self-organisation in agent systems, and particularly focuses on the decentralised structural adaptation of agent organisations. In more detail, self-organisation has been generated in agent systems using various approaches like stigmergy, reinforcement mechanisms, cooperative actions of agents and reward based mechanisms for selfish agents. However, none of these are directly applicable to agent organisations because they cannot be incorporated into deliberative agents working towards organisational goals. The few adaptation mechanisms that are applicable are either centralised or are based on restricted settings and also ignore the resources being used by the adaptation process. Here, we particularly focus on such problem solving agent organisations because they provide a suitable representation for autonomic systems. We investigate and develop mechanisms to incorporate decentralised structural adaptation in organisations to improve their performance. More specifically still, we provide a generic framework for representing problem solving agent organisations. This serves as the platform on which we investigate approaches for structural adaptation. Following this, we demonstrate a robust, decentralised adaptation method that enables the agents to modify the organisational structure. As the method is based on self-organisation principles, the agents use only their local views to change their structural relations to achieve a better allocation of tasks in the organisation. Particularly, the agents reason about when and how to adapt using only their history of interactions as guidance. We empirically show that, in a wide range of closed, open, static and dynamic scenarios, the performance of organisations using our method is close (70 − 90%) to that of an idealised centralised allocation method and is considerably better (10 − 45%) than the current state of the art decentralised approaches.
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Ruth, Diana. "Evaluation eines Frühwarnsystems für Virtuelle Organisationen aus informationstechnischer Sicht." Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26857.
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Patel, M. P. "Optimisation and self-organisation in adaptive learning networks." Thesis, Brunel University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375834.
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Urban, Jana. "An adaptive approach for image organisation and retrieval." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433268.
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Lorz, Alexander. "Adaptierbare und adaptive Fragebögen für virtuelle Organisationen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-61743.
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Die vorliegende Dissertation präsentiert neue wissenschaftliche Konzepte und Lösungen zur Erstellung, Durchführung und Auswertung von Befragungen, die sich einfacher an unterschiedliche Nutzungsszenarien anpassen lassen und für den Einsatz in virtuellen Organisationen besser geeignet sind als herkömmliche Online-Befragungen. Die dabei berücksichtigten Adaptionsaspekte umfassen Inhalt und Umfang der Befragung, die Umsetzung in unterschiedliche Präsentationsmedien, -formate und Befragungsmodi sowie das adaptive Verhalten während der Interaktion.
Eine wesentliche Grundlage bildet die inhaltsorientierte Beschreibung adaptiver und adaptierbarer Befragungen durch die hier vorgeschlagene deklarative Beschreibungssprache AXSML. Diese berücksichtigt insbesondere die Wechselwirkungen der unterschiedlichen Adaptionsaspekte in Verbindung mit der Forderung nach einer medien- und modusübergreifenden Vergleichbarkeit der Ergebnisse multimodaler Befragungen. Für diese Beschreibungssprache werden Transformationsregeln vorgestellt, die eine adäquate Umsetzung einer Befragung in verschiedene Präsentationsmedien und Befragungsformen ermöglichen. Eine damit einhergehende inhaltliche Anpassung an das Einsatzszenario erfolgt automatisiert und erfordert keine speziellen Fachkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet des Befragungsdesigns. Die Auswertung der Befragungsrückläufe wird ebenfalls deklarativ beschrieben, berücksichtigt adaptionsbedingte Fehlwerte und erlaubt die Nutzung verschiedenster Berechnungsmodelle zur Aggregation der Rücklaufdaten.
Da Erstellung und Wartung adaptiver und adaptierbarer Befragungen sehr komplex sind, werden Konzepte und Lösungen zur Unterstützung des Autorenprozesses vorgestellt, die den notwendigen Aufwand reduzieren. Um die gleichzeitige Durchführung einer großen Zahl von Untersuchungen in vielen unterschiedlichen Teams und die Anpassung der Befragung durch Nicht-Fachexperten zu gewährleisten, wurde eine IT-Stützung des Befragungsprozesses konzipiert und umgesetzt, welche den Anforderungen an die organisatorische Einbindung der Befragung in virtuellen Unternehmen gerecht wird.
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Anderson, Carl. "The organisation of foraging in insect societies." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286576.
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Martinez, Adam. "ADAPTIV ORGANISATIONS KULTUR VID FÖRÄNDRING : En narrativ litteraturstudie." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-175159.
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An ever-changing world and environment demands on organizations ability to adapt. Research shows that organizations that can respond adaptively to change have a greater chance of surviving. This study aimed to identify and account for factors in organizational culture that are seen as adaptive. The study was carried out through a qualitative narrative literature study where 11 articles in different research fields were examined. The study identified factors that characterized an adaptive organizational culture. These factors were flexibility, risk-taking, innovation, creativity and openness to change. The study also reports on appropriate strategies and desirable conditions for creating an adaptive organizational culture where the organization is adaptable in relation to its environment. Examples of that are the importance of establishing commitment, involvement, trust, internal adaption and common purpose, when implementing an adaptive organizational culture. Furthermore the role of leadership and the significance of the organizational structure are discussed in relation to adaptive organizational culture. Despite the results of this study, there is a complexity in assessing an adaptive organizational culture and the field requires more research.
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Hill, Stephen. "Meta-stability of interacting adaptive agents." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2150.
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The adaptive process can be considered as being driven by two fundamental forces: exploitation and exploration. While the explorative process may be deterministic, the resultant effect may be stochastic. Stochastic effects may also exist in the expoitative process. This thesis considers the effects of stochastic fluctuations inherent in the adaptive process on the behavioural dynamics of a population of interacting agents. It is hypothesied that in such systems, one or more attractors in the population space exist; and that transitions between these attractors can occur; either as a result of internal shocks (sampling fluctuations) or external shocks (environmental changes). It is further postulated that such transitions in the (microscopic) population space may be observable as phase transitions in the behaviour of macroscopic observables. A simple model of a stock market, driven by asexual reproduction (selection plus mutation) is put forward as a testbed. A statistical dynamics analysis of the behaviour of this market is then developed. Fixed points in the space of agent behaviours are located, and market dynamics are compared to the analytic predictions. Additionally, an analysis of the relative importance of internal shocks(sampling fluctuations) and external shocks( the stock dividend sequence) across varying population size is presented.
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Jansen, Christopher Paul. "Leadership development through appreciative inquiry : complexity thinking in the non-government (NGO) sector." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Leadership, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9885.
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“much of what we know about leadership is today redundant because it is literally
designed for a different operating model, a different context, a different time”
(Pascale, Sternin, & Sternin, p. 4).
This thesis describes a project that was designed with a focus on exploring ways to enhance leadership capacity in non-government organisations operating in Christchurch, New Zealand. It included 20 CEOs, directors and managers from organisations that cover a range of settings, including education, recreation, and residential and community therapeutic support; all working with adolescents.
The project involved the creation of a peer-supported professional learning community that operated for 14 months; the design and facilitation of which was informed by the Appreciative Inquiry principles of positive focus and collaboration. At the completion of the research project in February 2010, the leaders decided to continue their collective processes as a self-managing and sustaining professional network that has grown and in 2014 is still flourishing under the title LYNGO (Leaders of Youth focussed NGOs).
Two compelling findings emerged from this research project. The first of these relates to efficacy of a complexity thinking framework to inform the actions of these leaders. The leaders in this project described the complexity thinking framework as the most relevant, resonant and dynamic approach that they encountered throughout the research project. As such this thesis explores this complexity thinking informed leadership in detail as the leaders participating in this project believed it offers an opportune alternative to more traditional forms of positional leadership and organisational approaches. This exploration is more than simply a rationale for complexity thinking but an iterative in-depth exploration of ‘complexity leadership in action’ which in Chapter 6 elaborates on detailed leadership tools and frameworks for creating the conditions for self-organisation and emergence.
The second compelling finding relates to efficacy of Appreciative Inquiry as an emergent research and development process for leadership learning. In particular the adoption of two key principles; positive focus and inclusivity were beneficial in guiding the responsive leadership learning process that resulted in a professional learning community that exhibited high engagement and sustainability. Additionally, the findings suggest that complexity thinking not only acts as a contemporary framework for adaptive leadership of organisations as stated above; but that complexity thinking has much to offer as a framework for understanding leadership development processes through the application of Appreciative Inquiry (AI)-based principles. A consideration of the components associated with complexity thinking has promise for innovation and creativity in the development of leaders and also in the creation of networks of learning.
This thesis concludes by suggesting that leaders focus on creating hybrid organisations, ones which leverage the strengths (and minimise the limitations) of self-organising complexity-informed organisational processes, while at the same time retaining many of the strengths of more traditional organisational management structures. This approach is applied anecdotally to the place where this study was situated: the post-earthquake recovery of Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Yang, Guoli. "Learning in adaptive networks : analytical and computational approaches." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20956.
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The dynamics on networks and the dynamics of networks are usually entangled with each other in many highly connected systems, where the former means the evolution of state and the latter means the adaptation of structure. In this thesis, we will study the coupled dynamics through analytical and computational approaches, where the adaptive networks are driven by learning of various complexities. Firstly, we investigate information diffusion on networks through an adaptive voter model, where two opinions are competing for the dominance. Two types of dynamics facilitate the agreement between neighbours: one is pairwise imitation and the other is link rewiring. As the rewiring strength increases, the network of voters will transform from consensus to fragmentation. By exploring various strategies for structure adaptation and state evolution, our results suggest that network configuration is highly influenced by range-based rewiring and biased imitation. In particular, some approximation techniques are proposed to capture the dynamics analytically through moment-closure differential equations. Secondly, we study an evolutionary model under the framework of natural selection. In a structured community made up of cooperators and cheaters (or defectors), a new-born player will adopt a strategy and reorganise its neighbourhood based on social inheritance. Starting from a cooperative population, an invading cheater may spread in the population occasionally leading to the collapse of cooperation. Such a collapse unfolds rapidly with the change of external conditions, bearing the traits of a critical transition. In order to detect the risk of invasions, some indicators based on population composition and network structure are proposed to signal the fragility of communities. Through the analyses of consistency and accuracy, our results suggest possible avenues for detecting the loss of cooperation in evolving networks. Lastly, we incorporate distributed learning into adaptive agents coordination, which emerges as a consequence of rational individual behaviours. A generic framework of work-learn-adapt (WLA) is proposed to foster the success of agents organisation. To gain higher organisation performance, the division of labour is achieved by a series of events of state evolution and structure adaptation. Importantly, agents are able to adjust their states and structures through quantitative information obtained from distributed learning. The adaptive networks driven by explicit learning pave the way for a better understanding of intelligent organisations in real world.
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Costa, Santini Cristina. "Engineering a robust and adaptive artificial system through self-organisation and synchronisation." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442380.
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Böhringer, Martin. "Adaption von Web 2.0-Mustern in Organisationen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-83776.
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Das Internet ist ein riesiger Experimentierkasten für neue Anwendungssysteme. Potenziell enthält insbesondere das sogenannte Web 2.0 Ideen und Mechanismen, die auch im Organisationsumfeld die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Mitarbeitern unterstützen können. Ein jüngstes Beispiel hierfür sind die von Facebook bekannten Activity Streams. Fraglich ist nun, wie eine Adaption dieses Web 2.0-Vorbilds in Organisationen auszugestalten ist. Hierfür ist zu klären, welcher Anwendungsfall von Activity Streams abgedeckt werden kann, welche Anforderungen hieraus sowie aus dem allgemeinen organisationalen Kontext entstehen und wie schließlich ein entsprechendes Anwendungssystem zu konzipieren ist. Die Arbeit zielt auf die Beantwortung dieser Fragestellungen in Form eines Fachkonzepts, welches anschließend durch eine prototypische Implementierung sowie die Durchführung von Fallstudien in realen Einsatzszenarien Anwendung findet.
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Vollmer, Craige Owen. "The effect of lateral thinking training on innovative-adaptive cognition style." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8373.
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Bibliography: leaves 70-73Lateral thinking has become an important topic in business and one of the apparent solutions to the dilemma of acquiring more creativity in the organisation has been to train employees in lateral thinking. This study had three objectives. To determine whether delegates attending lateral thinking training acquired more lateral thinking skills and knowledge than those without this training. To determine whether lateral thinking training impacted on style of thinking and to determine whether preferred styles of thinking facilitated the acquisition of lateral thinking skills. An experimental group was trained in lateral thinking. Subjects were tested on their lateral thinking skills before and after training. Subjects were also tested to assess their cognitive style before training and six months thereafter. A control group was tested in a similar fashion.
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Bruns, Erich [Verfasser], and Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Bimber. "Adaptive Image Classification on Mobile Phones / Erich Bruns ; Betreuer: Oliver Bimber." Weimar : Juniorprofessur Augmented Reality, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1115342266/34.
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Forget, Pascal. "Collaborative and Adaptive Supply Chain Planning." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26311/26311.pdf.
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Wiechmann, Thorsten. "Planung und Adaption Strategieentwicklung in Regionen, Organisationen und Netzwerken." Dortmund Rohn, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3029515&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Wiechmann, Thorsten. "Planung und Adaption : Strategieentwicklung in Regionen, Organisationen und Netzwerken." Dortmund Rohn, 2008. http://d-nb.info/986515027/04.
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Schefe, Neville L. "The impact of complexity in information system driven organisational transformations." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/99502/1/Neville_Schefe_Thesis.pdf.
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This study examined the effect of complexity on organisational transformations that are initiated by substantial information system changes. The motivation for this study was to explain and provide options to improve the relatively low benefit realisation from transformation investments. This study uniquely combined a critical realist approach, complexity theory and organisational theory to identify three critical mechanisms. Persistent activation energy mechanism, structural latency mechanism and insightful experimentation mechanism mutually interact to influence organisational transformation outcomes. These findings assist practitioners as they plan and implement transformations and researchers who can use these findings to further investigate the nature of transformative mechanisms.
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Otulana, Oluwatosin. "The role of organisational resilience in maintaining long term performance, especially after undergoing major organisational changes : a consideration of the critical success factors involved." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9129.
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A lot has been said about change. For example, it is widely recognised that the only constant is change (Heraclitus, 470 BC). As such, no sensible decision can be made any longer without taking into account not only the world as it is, but the world as it will be (Isaac Asimov). As regards this, a bulk of existing researches have been aimed at understanding the triggers for change and the extent or degree to which individuals, organisations, systems or entities have to change. Generally, results from such studies vary. With specific relations to organisations, organisations are advised of the need to develop added adaptive and dynamic capabilities. One of such added adaptive and dynamic capabilities is organisational resilience. In the literature, organisational resilience has been successful linked with organisations ability to maintain long term performance. Hence, the research is not about re-examining the relationship between organisational resilience and organisations ability to maintain long term performance. This research focuses on exploring the critical success factors required to maintain long term performance and building adequate resilience into systems undergoing changes. The investigation was conducted in three phases, namely: (a) the exploratory phase; (b) the descriptive phase; and the empirical phase. The exploratory phase involved identifying the critical factors essential to maintain long term performance and at the same time build resilience into their systems after undergoing organisation-wide changes. In order to make out these critical, a pilot study was conducted. 21 persons occupying senior managerial positions in different organisations were interviewed. The interview data were transcribed, coded and analysed using coding and thematic analysis to identify five common themes, namely (a) employees readiness to support ongoing organisation-wide changes; (b) development of targeted organisational adaptive capacity; (c) the provision of individualised and social support; (d) the use of stress coping mechanisms; and (e) the existence of organisational resilience strategies. The second phase of the research entailed conducting case study research with the intention of describing the identified critical success factors. The final phase entailed conducting empirical analyses and cross case analysis. Results from the cross case study analyses indicated that both resilience building at the individual level and organisational level is needed for organisations to build in resilience into their systems especially after undergoing organisation-wide changes. Three factors (i.e. employees readiness to support ongoing organisation-wide changes, the provision of individualised and social support and the use of stress coping mechanisms) were found to be more pronounced at the individual level. The remaining two factors namely development of targeted organisational adaptive capacity and the existence of organisational resilience strategies are essentially carried out at the organisational level. The research has contributed to the current body of knowledge on how organisations can strive to maintain long term performance, especially for a country like Nigeria where there still remains a dearth of such related studies. Each of the research hypotheses were either confirmed or non confirmed. This will give the practitioners, academicians and managers of Nigerian organisations the opportunity to understand how each of the sub factors of the five critical success factors can influence on attempts to build organisational resilience. In addition, specific actions that managers can follow over the life of an organisation-wide change project that will improve the resilience of systems undergoing change. In addition, differences in how varied control factors can influence resilience building in organisations were explored and validated based on the results of the Mann Whitney test results. At the end of the thesis, recommendations for future practice and research were made. One of such is that resilience building at both levels be done concurrently and given equal prominence.
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Al, Omari Loai. "It governance evaluation: Adapting and adopting the COBIT framework for public sector organisations." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98551/4/Loai_Al_Omari_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examined the potential to develop an IT governance evaluation framework for an Australian state public sector and identified factors that would positively influence the adoption of the adapted framework. Using four linked studies the research revealed that an adapted framework for the evaluation of IT governance could be derived from best-practice models to fit the specific needs of individual organisations or sectors. The findings contribute to improving the ease of use, enhance usefulness, and increase the intent to adopt IT governance frameworks within a public sector context.
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Melidis, Christos. "Adaptive neural architectures for intuitive robot control." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9998.
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This thesis puts forward a novel way of control for robotic morphologies. Taking inspiration from Behaviour Based robotics and self-organisation principles, we present an interfacing mechanism, capable of adapting both to the user and the robot, while enabling a paradigm of intuitive control for the user. A transparent mechanism is presented, allowing for a seamless integration of control signals and robot behaviours. Instead of the user adapting to the interface and control paradigm, the proposed architecture allows the user to shape the control motifs in their way of preference, moving away from the cases where the user has to read and understand operation manuals or has to learn to operate a specific device. The seminal idea behind the work presented is the coupling of intuitive human behaviours with the dynamics of a machine in order to control and direct the machine dynamics. Starting from a tabula rasa basis, the architectures presented are able to identify control patterns (behaviours) for any given robotic morphology and successfully merge them with control signals from the user, regardless of the input device used. We provide a deep insight in the advantages of behaviour coupling, investigating the proposed system in detail, providing evidence for and quantifying emergent properties of the models proposed. The structural components of the interface are presented and assessed both individually and as a whole, as are inherent properties of the architectures. The proposed system is examined and tested both in vitro and in vivo, and is shown to work even in cases of complicated environments, as well as, complicated robotic morphologies. As a whole, this paradigm of control is found to highlight the potential for a change in the paradigm of robotic control, and a new level in the taxonomy of human in the loop systems.
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Lyu, Minhu. "Towards Control as a Service models and architecture for the Industry 4.0." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI048.
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Pour s’adapter au contexte de l’économie globalisée, les entreprises, et principalement les PMEs doivent développer de nouvelles stratégies de collaboration. Ces stratégies sont axées sur la création de valeur en réseau en remplacement de l’organisation classique de chaîne de valeur, s’adaptant ainsi au modèle dit de « Blue Ocean » qui conduit au développement de produits et services innovants. Bien que les organisations collaboratives aient été étudiées depuis des décennies, l’Industrie 4.0, actuellement largement développée par les principales industries en Europe, Amérique ou Asie, impose une intégration plus poussée des Systèmes d’Information pour y inclure des processus opérationnels collaboratifs, tant pour les activités administratives que pour la production. En outre, ces processus doivent être adaptatifs pour s’adapter au contexte. Actuellement, ces écosystèmes de produits/services sont principalement implémentés par des services logiciels, déployés sur le Cloud et utilisables par différentes organisations. Pour répondre aux besoins d’agilité, d’ouverture, d’interopérabilité et de confiance, ces services utilisent largement les architectures orientées services, les technologies Web2.0 et XaaS. Tirant parti de l’IoT, des technologies de services et du Cloud, le Cloud des objets (Cloud of Things ou CoT) change la manière de concevoir des applications de contrôle, passant d’une ingénierie traditionnelle à une vision de composition de services. Cette vision suppose de définir une nouvelle architecture pour connecter les objets physiques, leur double virtuel et intégrer des patrons de contrôle pour composer et orchestrer ces services pour répondre aux besoins. Pour répondre à ce défi, nous proposons uns architecture multi-niveaux de Control as a Service permettant de décrire les systèmes de contrôle selon une vision holistique. Notre modèle de service de contrôle est construit pour permettre une exécution pilotée par les événements. L’intégration d’un gestionnaire de contexte, analysant continuellement l’environnement d’exécution et le comportement du système, permet d’assurer le déploiement de services de contrôle contextualisablesTo fit the renewed globalized economic environment, enterprises, and mostly SMEs, have to develop new networked and collaborative strategies, focusing on networked value creation (instead of the classical value chain vision), fitting the blue ocean context for innovative products and service development. Even if collaborative organizations have been studied for decades, the closer connection of information systems involved by the so-called “Industry 4.0” developed by leading industries in Europe, US and Asia requires to set new IT models to support agile and evolving collaborative Business Process (BP) enactment, integrating both traditional Information Systems (IS) and production control processes. By now, these product/service ecosystems are mostly supported by software services, which span multiple organizations and providers, and on multiple cloud-based execution environments, increasing the call for openness, agility, interoperability and trust for both production and Information System organization. These requirements are well supported by SOA, Web 2.0 and XaaS technologies for Information Systems. Taking advantage of IoT, services and Cloud technologies, the development of Cloud of Things (CoT) changes the way control application are engineered and developed moving from a dedicated design and development of control applications to a Control as a Service vision. This vision requires developing a new architecture to connect physical and logical objects as well as integrating basic control patterns to organize a consistent control service orchestration. To fit this challenge, we propose a multi-layer Control as a Service architecture to describe control systems in a holistic way. Our Control service model is built according to an event-driven orchestration strategy. Thanks to the integration of a context manager, analyzing continuously the system environment as well as the control system behavior, these context-aware control services can be deployed
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Alvinius, Aida. "Bridging Boundaries in the Borderland of Bureaucracies : Individual Impact on Organisational Adaption to Demanding Situations in Civil and Military Contexts." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-26445.
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The purpose of this thesis is to reach a deeper understanding of how boundary spanners are bridging boundaries between uniformed bureaucratic organisations and their environment, characterised by demanding conditions. The main part of this thesis is based upon empirical data gathered through 71 interviews with Swedish civil and military informants from several uniformed organisations. Four articles have been included in this thesis in order to address the overarching aim. The results show that boundary spanners are crucial to the adaption of uniformed organisations to demanding conditions. A number of aspects that are included in the process of organisational adaption have been identified. One of the tasks is to balance between structuring and improvisation where much is at stake. The other task is to create confidence among the involved actors and contribute in different ways to create a sense of symmetry between partners. Finally, the third task for boundary spanners is to recognise improvised roles such as spontaneous links in order to maintain stressful conditions and bridge a gap in the bureaucratic organisation. The present thesis contributes to sociological theory of emotions, disaster management and military studies through a common denominator, namely the demanding context. Taken together, the findings increase awareness of how organisations act towards their environments and how individuals, especially boundary spanners, adapt the organisation to its environment. For leaders and managers, it is important to make decisions, provide mandates and authorisation, as well as invest confidence in boundary spanners. The hierarchical chain may remain in existence, but it can be made shorter and more transparent through this kind of knowledge.BAKSIDESTEXT: Organisational adaption to the environment is a complex area of research, necessitating enquiry into how such adaption may take place. The purpose of this thesis is to reach a deeper understanding of how boundary spanners are bridging boundaries between uniformed bureaucratic organisations and their environment, characterised by demanding conditions such as disasters and war. The main body of the thesis is based upon interviews with Swedish civil and military informants. The results show that boundary spanners are crucial to the adaption of uniformed organisations to demanding conditions. Their tasks involve balancing between structuring and improvisation, creating confidence among the involved actors and recognising improvised roles such as spontaneous links in order to maintain stressful conditions and bridge a gap in the bureaucratic organisation. Taken together, the findings increase awareness of how organisations act towards their environments and how individuals, especially boundary spanners, adapt the organisation to its environment. For leaders and managers, it is important to make decisions, provide mandates and authorisation, as well as invest confidence in boundary spanners. The hierarchical chain may remain in existence, but it can be made shorter and more transparent through this kind of knowledge. The present thesis contributes to sociological theory of emotions, disaster management and military studies through a common denominator, namely the demanding context.
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Bachelet, Catherine. "La Communication interne dans la PME : repérage des pratiques et conditions d'une gestion adaptée." Lyon 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO33006.
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L'objectif de cette thèse qui traite de la communication interne (CI) en PME consiste à tenter de remettre en cause la liaison implicite entre taille de l'entreprise et facilité de la CI. L'étude empirique réalisée au sein de 10PMI Rhône-Alpine d'une cinquantaine de salariés permet de conclure au caractère essentiellment informel des pratiques de CI de ces entreprises. De nombreuses difficultés de CI ont pi être mises en évidence, qui tiennent aussi bien aux transmissions (vision instrumentale de la CI) qu'aux échanges (vision interactionniste de la CI). En s'appuyant sur la spécificité de la PME qui tient à la place centrale du dirigeant, elle propose une typologie de la situation de CI basée sur l'intérêt manifesté par le dirigeant pour la CI et ses représentations concernant les salariés. Une méthode de diagnostic de la CI en PME ainsi qu'un protocole de recherche adapté à la PME en constituent les apports méthodologiques.
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Reeves, Tony. "Learning in adaptive spaces : how customer experience professionals experience learning during technology-mediated interaction, and implications for organisational learning." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2018. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/126321/.
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This research investigates how customer experience (CX) professionals experience learning through their use of digital technologies in organisations, and considers the implications for organisational learning. A phenomenographic methodology was used to compare the variation in employees’ experiences of learning, and the research employed a conceptual framework of post-structuralism and complexity to investigate how digital technologies affect organisational learning and knowledge management. Complexity Leadership Theory was used as a way to interpret the complexity dynamics that occur through digitally mediated interactions in organisations, and provided a way to conceptualise these interactions as taking place in ‘adaptive spaces’. The research found that a lack of etiquette regarding the use of digital tools can adversely affect processes of meaning-creation during the technology-mediated work of CX professionals. The findings indicate that a more intentional use of technology – a ‘digital etiquette’ – can be viewed as a dynamic capability, and has the potential to improve the way in which CX professionals contribute to organisational learning. The findings also demonstrate that improving digital etiquette in adaptive spaces is an appropriate response to problems of knowledge management under conditions of complexity. The research will be of interest to those seeking a clearer understanding of the potential of the CX function to contribute to organisational learning, and also to those aiming to design programmes of learning that prepare students effectively for complex environments.
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Agostinho, Carlos Manuel Melo. "Sustainability of systems interoperability in dynamic business networks." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8582.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de ComputadoresCollaborative networked environments emerged with the spread of the internet, contributing to overcome past communication barriers, and identifying interoperability as an essential property to support businesses development. When achieved seamlessly, efficiency is increased in the entire product life cycle support. However, due to the different sources of knowledge, models and semantics, enterprise organisations are experiencing difficulties exchanging critical information, even when they operate in the same business environments. To solve this issue, most of them try to attain interoperability by establishing peer-to-peer mappings with different business partners, or use neutral data and product standards as the core for information sharing, in optimized networks. In current industrial practice, the model mappings that regulate enterprise communications are only defined once, and most of them are hardcoded in the information systems. This solution has been effective and sufficient for static environments, where enterprise and product models are valid for decades. However, more and more enterprise systems are becoming dynamic, adapting and looking forward to meet further requirements; a trend that is causing new interoperability disturbances and efficiency reduction on existing partnerships. Enterprise Interoperability (EI) is a well established area of applied research, studying these problems, and proposing novel approaches and solutions. This PhD work contributes to that research considering enterprises as complex and adaptive systems, swayed to factors that are making interoperability difficult to sustain over time. The analysis of complexity as a neighbouring scientific domain, in which features of interoperability can be identified and evaluated as a benchmark for developing a new foundation of EI, is here proposed. This approach envisages at drawing concepts from complexity science to analyse dynamic enterprise networks and proposes a framework for sustaining systems interoperability, enabling different organisations to evolve at their own pace, answering the upcoming requirements but minimizing the negative impact these changes can have on their business environment.
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McAngus, Craig. "Adapting to devolution : governmental participation and organisational reform in Plaid Cymru and the Scottish National Party." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25493.
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Recent contributions to the study of autonomist parties have examined their development in the context of sub-state governing structures such as devolution in Wales and Scotland. Using this, and other relevant literature, this thesis examines the recent organisational development and governmental experience of Plaid Cymru and the Scottish National Party (SNP), and explores how they have adapted to the opportunity structure that is devolution. The thesis takes a comparative case study approach and deploys mixed methods, using interview, documentary and survey data in the empirical analysis. The thesis finds that whilst the SNP were able to achieve unprecedented electoral success in the 2011 Scottish elections from the position of incumbency, Plaid Cymru suffered electorally due to, in part, organisational vulnerabilities. This led to an internal review of the party's structures and subsequent reforms which mirror, fairly closely, reforms undertaken by the SNP in 2003-2004. Despite the different experiences of government and varying triggers for organisational reform, both parties have adapted to devolution by, essentially, becoming more office-seeking organisations and placing greater emphasis on electoral success as a strategic imperative for the achievement of their primary goals.
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Magg, Sven. "Self-organised task differentiation in homogeneous and heterogeneous groups of autonomous agents." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/9038.
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The field of swarm robotics has been growing fast over the last few years. Using a swarm of simple and cheap robots has advantages in various tasks. Apart from performance gains on tasks that allow for parallel execution, simple robots can also be smaller, enabling them to reach areas that can not be accessed by a larger, more complex robot. Their ability to cooperate means they can execute complex tasks while offering self-organised adaptation to changing environments and robustness due to redundancy. In order to keep individual robots simple, a control algorithm has to keep expensive communication to a minimum and has to be able to act on little information to keep the amount of sensors down. The number of sensors and actuators can be reduced even more when necessary capabilities are spread out over different agents that then combine them by cooperating. Self-organised differentiation within these heterogeneous groups has to take the individual abilities of agents into account to improve group performance. In this thesis it is shown that a homogeneous group of versatile agents can not be easily replaced by a heterogeneous group, by separating the abilities of the versatile agents into several specialists. It is shown that no composition of those specialists produces the same outcome as a homogeneous group on a clustering task. In the second part of this work, an adaptation mechanism for a group of foragers introduced by Labella et al. (2004) is analysed in more detail. It does not require communication and needs only the information on individual success or failure. The algorithm leads to self-organised regulation of group activity depending on object availability in the environment by adjusting resting times in a base. A possible variation of this algorithm is introduced which replaces the probabilistic mechanism with which agents determine to leave the base. It is demonstrated that a direct calculation of the resting times does not lead to differences in terms of differentiation and speed of adaptation. After investigating effects of different parameters on the system, it is shown that there is no efficiency increase in static environments with constant object density when using a homogeneous group of agents. Efficiency gains can nevertheless be achieved in dynamic environments. The algorithm was also reported to lead to higher activity of agents which have higher performance. It is shown that this leads to efficiency gains in heterogeneous groups in static and dynamic environments.
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Dutot, Antoine. "Distribution dynamique adaptative à l'aide de mécanismes d'intelligence collective." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453910.
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Ce travail présente une méthode de distribution dynamique et adaptative, pour des applications distribuées constituées de multiples entités en interaction, dans un environnement de calcul versatile. L'équilibrage de charge ainsi que la minimisation des coûts de communication sont pris en compte. La méthode proposée repose sur la détection d'organisations au sein de l'application afin de mieux la distribuer. Les organisations sont identifiées comme des groupes d'entités en très forte communication. Les organisations évoluent, apparaissent, se renforcent, s'affaiblissent et disparaissent. Les ressources disponibles de calcul sur lesquelles l'application s'exécutent varient également. Ces contraintes imposent à la distribution de s'adapter dynamiquement. La méthode est basée sur des colonies de fourmis numériques qui tentent de recruter les entités de l'application. Les fourmis coopèrent au sein d'une même colonie et sont en compétition lorsqu'elles n'appartiennent pas à une même colonie. Elles tentent de s'approprier les organisations au sein de l'application, chaque colonie travaillant pour une ressource de calcul distincte. La compétition inter-colonies permet la répartition de la charge. La collaboration au sein de chaque colonie permet la détection des organisations, en plaçant les très fortes communications ensembles sur la même ressource de calcul. Enfin la gestion de la population permet de prendre en compte l'hétérogénéité des ressources de calcul.
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Tracey, Noel Patrick. "Corporate reputation and financial performance : underlying dimensions of corporate reputation and their relation to sustained financial performance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/67787/1/Noel_Tracey_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examined the relationship between firms' corporate reputation and their future financial performance. Corporate reputation was represented by measuring the level of senior executives' attention to a number of intangible firm' resources (e.g. financial reputation, service culture) within firms' annual reports over a 17 year period. Initial findings suggested there was only a small relationship between reputation and future performance which lead to a reformulation of the problem. Reputation was posited to be a source of corporate resilience that helped firms with stronger reputations to sustain superior financial performance in times of difficulty, as well as allowing them to rebound more quickly from performance decline. Results suggest this interpretation of corporate reputation as well as indicating that industry sectors operate in different reputational 'domains' in which the relative importance of financial versus stakeholder aspects of corporate reputation varies.
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Ghnemat, Rawan. "Modélisation adaptative pour l'émergence spatiale dans les systèmes complexes." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429162.
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L'objectif de ce travail consiste à mettre en place des modèles d'intelligence en essaim pour l'étude de l'émergence spatiale d'organisations dans des systèmes complexes auto-organisés, sous des contraintes multi-critères. Le contexte scientique de la formalisation dans le cadre de la modélisation des systèmes complexes est développé dans ce document. Une méthodologie est présentée et conduit au développement d'une heuristique complexe tissant des liens entre des modèles élémentaires bio-inspirés des algorithmes de type fourmis. Une application est développée et concerne la modélisation de l'usage de services - notamment des services culturels - en dynamique urbaine, ainsi que la modélisation des mécanismes d'adaptation de ces services en fonction de leurs usages.
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Bardou, Lisa. "Analyse de front d'onde sur étoile laser allongée pour l'optique adaptative de l'ELT." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC036/document.
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L’ELT (Extremely Large Telescope), est un télescope de diamètre 39 m en cours de réalisation par l’Observatoire Européen Austral (ESO). Pour pouvoir tirer pleinement parti de sa taille, ses instruments seront équipés de systèmes d’Optique Adaptative (OA) qui compenseront la turbulence atmosphérique. Ces systèmes d’OA requièrent l’utilisation d’étoiles guides laser afin de maximiser la couverture du ciel. Les étoiles guides laser sont générées par laser accordé sur une résonance d’atome de sodium présents dans une couche d’une épaisseur de 10 km et située à environ 90 km d’altitude. Une étoile laser est donc un cylindre lumineux dans la haute atmosphère, allumé par la relaxation des atomes. L’analyse de front d’onde à l’aide de ces étoiles artificielles souffrent de limitations connues. De plus, sur un télescope de la taille de l’ELT, leur utilisation est compliquée par l’effet de perspective qui provoque un allongement de l’étoile guide lorsqu’elle est vue d’un point éloigné de son point de lancement au sol : le cylindre n’est plus vu par une section circulaire, mais sur le côté. Sur un télescope de 39m, l’élongation de l’étoile peut alors atteindre jusqu’à 20 secondes d’arc, à comparer avec le diamètre du cylindre qui est déterminé par la turbulence, soit de l’ordre d’une seconde d’arc. La variabilité de l’épaisseur, de l’altitude et de la distribution de densité de la couche de sodium ont alors un impact sur la mesure du front d’onde.L’étude de ce problème, qui porte à la fois sur les algorithmes de mesure et le design des analyseurs de front d’onde, a donné lieu à de nombreux travaux s’appuyant sur des simulations et des tests en laboratoire. Le but de cette thèse a été d’étudier cette question à l’aide de données expérimentales obtenues sur le ciel. Ces données ont été enregistrées grâce au démonstrateur d’OA CANARY, situé sur le télescope William Herschel sur l’île de la Palma aux Canaries. CANARY a été développé par le LESIA, en collaboration avec l’Université de Durham; le laser et son télescope d’émission ont été fournis et opéré par l’ESO. Lors de cette expérience, l'allongement extrême des étoiles laser qui sera observé sur l'ELT a été reproduit en plaçant le télescope d’émission à environ 40m du télescope William Herschel. Le front d'onde a ensuite été mesuré sur l’étoile laser allongée ainsi crée.Les travaux effectués pendant cette thèse ont consisté en la préparation de l’instrument et en particulier de l’analyseur de front d’onde de l’étoile laser, la réalisation des observations et le traitement des données résultant de ces dernières. L’analyse de ces données a permis de construire un budget d’erreur de la mesure de front d’onde sur étoile laser allongée. Grâce à ce budget d’erreur, les performances de différents algorithmes de mesure ont été comparées, ainsi que leur comportement face à la variabilité du profil de sodium et des conditions de turbulence. Enfin, différentes configurations d’analyseurs ont été extrapolées, ce qui a permis d’établir des limites sur leur design dans le cadre de l’ELTThe ELT (Extremely Large Telescope) is a telescope whose diameter is 39 m currently under construction by the European Southern Observatory (ESO). In order to fully benefit from its size, ELT instruments will be equipped with Adaptive Optics (AO) systems to compensate the atmospheric turbulence. These AO systems require the use of Laser Guides Stars (LGS) in order to have as large a sky coverage as possible. LGS are generated using a laser tuned on a resonant frequency of sodium atoms contained in a layer approximately 90km high and 10 km thick. Therefore, a LGS is a luminous cylinder in the high atmosphere, lighted by sodium atoms relaxation. Wavefront sensing on these artificial stars suffers from known limitations. On a telescope the size of the ELT, their use is further complicated by the perspective effect which causes an elongation of the LGS when it is seen from a point distant from its launch position : the cylinder is no longer seen by its circular section, but on the side. On a 39m telescope, the elongation can reach up to 20 arcseconds, which is large compared to to the diameter of the cylinder determined by the turbulence, that is about 1 arcsecond. Variability of the thickness, height and density distribution of the sodium layer then have an impact on wavefront sensing. The study of this problem, which concerns both sensing algorithms and wavefront sensor design, has already been the subject of many work relying on simulations and laboratory experiments. This thesis aims at studying this question using experimental data obtained on sky. These data were acquired using the AO demonstrator CANARY, placed on the William Herschel Telescope (WHT) on the island of La Palma in the Canaries Island. CANARY was developed by LESIA in collaboration with Durham University; the laser and its launch telescope were supplied and operated by ESO. In this experiment, the extreme elongation of LGS as will be seen on the ELT was reproduced by placing the launch telescope 40 m away from the William Herschel Telescope. The wavefront was the measured on the elongated LGS thus created. The studies led during this thesis consisted in the preparation of the instrument and in particular the LGS Wavefront Sensor (WFS), the realisation of the observations and processing on the data obtained. Analysis of these data allowed to build an error breakdown of wavefront sensing on the elongated LGS. Thanks to this error breakdown, performances of different measurement algorithms where compared, as well as their behaviour according to the variability of the sodium profile and the turbulence conditions. Finally, different wavefront sensor designs were extrapolated which allowed to establish limits on their designs for the ELT
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Bascans, Jérémy. "Modèles de mémoires d'entreprise avec intégration automatique d'informations." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30144.
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Aujourd'hui, les entreprises manipulent de gros volumes d'information qui ne cessent d'augmenter, toujours plus complexes et hétérogènes, autant dans leurs contenus que dans leurs structures. Ces informations, vitales pour le fonctionnement de ces entreprises, représentent aussi un capital de connaissances qui est souvent peu exploité. De ce fait, une attention particulière est portée aux systèmes de Mémoire d'Entreprise (ME). Ces mémoires ont pour objectif de capitaliser les informations produites et échangées par tous les acteurs internes et externes (Système d'Information (SI), employés, clients, fournisseurs, etc...) de l'entreprise dans le but de les représenter, de les partager et d'aider à la prise de décision collaborative. Les informations organisées, partagées et réutilisées, deviennent ainsi des connaissances organisationnelles. L'implantation d'une telle mémoire demande une forte implication de tous les acteurs en impactant directement leurs tâches et en nécessitant des modifications de leur SI. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette thèse est de permettre la capitalisation automatique des informations en organisant, représentant et contextualisant automatiquement au mieux les informations, afin qu'elles puissent être partagées puis exploitées tout en limitant au maximum l'effort des acteurs. En plus d'impliquer les acteurs, les recherches actuelles se limitent souvent à des solutions spécifiques aux types d'entreprises et de mémoires. Afin de contribuer à lever ces limitations, nous proposons une approche de " Mémoire d'Entreprise Adaptative avec Intégration Automatique des Informations ", basée sur un réseau hétérogène étendu. Un premier niveau de cette approche propose un méta-modèle de ME corrélé à un processus d'intégration automatique des informations indépendant du type d'entreprise, du métier et ses acteurs. Afin d'aider tout type d'entreprise à construire sa ME à partir du méta- modèle, nous proposons, à un second niveau, un modèle générique et extensible lié à un algorithme d'intégration automatique des informations, nommé MEIAI pour Mémoire d'Entreprise avec Intégration Automatique des Informations. Ce modèle MEIAI a été implémenté et validé dans sa capacité à intégrer automatiquement de nouvelles informations d'une manière pertinente. Parce que Wikipédia est un important vecteur de connaissance basé sur la création collaborative véhiculant des valeurs de partage très fortes, nous avons choisi d'évaluer la capacité de notre prototype à organiser l'information de la même manière que lui. L'évaluation concerne le processus d'appariement automatique d'informations dont l'objectif est d'associer de manière intelligible, dans un cadre général non déterministe, les informations entre elles dans la mémoire. Pour ce faire, nous avons dans un premier temps évalué et comparé notre approche en liant des documents à des sujets d'intérêts de manière similaire à Wikipédia pour comparer les similarités et dissimilarités entre eux. Dans un second temps, nous avons procédé à une étude détaillée des dissimilarités au travers d'une évaluation par l'homme de l'organisation de l'information au sein de notre ME et de son intégration automatiqueToday, companies manipulate large volumes of information that are constantly increasing, always more complex and heterogeneous, in their content and their structures. This information, necessary for these enterprises' operation, represents a knowledge capital often not exploited. As a result, special attention is given to Organizational Memory (OM) systems. The purpose of these memories is to capitalize the information produced and exchanged by the internal and external actors (Information System (IS), employees, customers, suppliers, etc.) of the company with the aim of representing and sharing them while helping collaborative decision-making. Thereby organized, shared and reused information becomes organizational knowledge. The implementation of this memory requires a strong involvement of all stakeholders by directly impacting their tasks and requiring changes to their IS. In this context, this thesis objective is to enable the automatic capitalization of information by automatically organizing, representing and contextualizing the information so that they can be shared and exploited while minimizing the stakeholders' effort. In addition to involving stakeholders, current research is often limited to solutions specific to the companies and memories types. To help overcome these limitations, we propose an " Adaptive Organizational Memory with Automatic Integration of Information process ", based on an extended heterogeneous network. A first level of this approach proposes a meta-model of OM correlated to a process of automatic integration of information independent of the company type, the job and its stakeholders. In order to help any type of company to build its OM from the meta-model, we propose, at a second level, a generic and extensible model linked to an algorithm of automatic integration of the information, named OMAII for Organizational Memory with Automatic Integration of Information process. This OMAII model has been implemented and validated in its ability to automatically integrate new information in a relevant way. Because Wikipedia is an important vector of knowledge based on the collaborative creation based on very strong values of sharing, we chose to evaluate the capacity of our prototype to organize the information in the same way. The evaluation concerns the automatic information matching process of which the purpose is to intelligibly associate the information with each other in the memory in a non-deterministic general framework. To do this, we first evaluated and compared our approach by linking documents to interest subjects in a similar way to Wikipedia to compare similarities and dissimilarities between them. In a second step, we conducted a detailed study of the dissimilarities through a human evaluation of the information organization within our OM and its automatic integration
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Heil, Mikael. "Conception architecturale pour la tolérance aux fautes d'un système auto-organisé multi-noeuds en réseau à base de NoC reconfigurables." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0351.
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Afin de répondre à des besoins croissants de performance et de fiabilité des systèmes sur puce embarqués pour satisfaire aux applications de plus en plus complexes, de nouveaux paradigmes architecturaux et structures de communication auto-adaptatives et auto-organisées sont à élaborer. Ces nouveaux systèmes de calcul intègrent au sein d'une même puce électronique plusieurs centaines d'éléments de calcul (systèmes sur puce multiprocesseur - MPSoC) et doivent permettre la mise à disposition d'une puissance de calcul parallèle suffisante tout en bénéficiant d'une grande flexibilité et d'une grande adaptabilité. Le but est de répondre aux évolutions des traitements distribués caractérisant le contexte évolutif du fonctionnement des systèmes. Actuellement, les performances de tels systèmes reposent sur une autonomie et une intelligence permettant de déployer et de redéployer les modules de calcul en temps réel en fonction de la demande de traitement et de la puissance de calcul. Elle dépend également des supports de communication entre les blocs de calcul afin de fournir une bande passante et une adaptabilité élevée pour une efficacité du parallélisme potentiel de la puissance de calcul disponible des MPSoC. De plus, l'apparition de la technologie FPGA reconfigurable dynamiquement a ouvert de nouvelles approches permettant aux MPSoC d'adapter leurs constituants en cours de fonctionnement, et de répondre aux besoins croissants d'adaptabilité et de flexibilité. C'est dans ce contexte du besoin primordial de flexibilité, de puissance de calcul et de bande passante qu'est apparue une nouvelle approche de conception des systèmes communicants, auto-organisés et auto-adaptatifs basés sur des nœuds de calcul reconfigurables. Ces derniers sont constitués de réseaux embarqués sur puce (NoC) permettant l'interconnexion optimisée d'un grand nombre d'éléments de calcul au sein d'une même puce, tout en assurant l'exigence d'une tolérance aux fautes et d'un compromis entre les performances de communication et les ressources d'interconnexion. Ces travaux de thèse ont pour objectif d'apporter des solutions architecturales innovantes pour la SdF des systèmes MPSoC en réseau basés sur la technologie FPGA, et configurés selon une structure distribuée et auto-organisée. L'objectif est d'obtenir des systèmes sur puce performants et fiables intégrant des techniques de détection, de localisation et de correction d'erreurs au sein de leurs structures NoC reconfigurables ou adaptatifs. La principale difficulté réside dans l'identification et la distinction entre des erreurs réelles et des fonctionnements variables ou adaptatifs des éléments constituants ces nœuds en réseau. Ces travaux ont permis de réaliser un réseau de nœuds reconfigurables à base de FPGA intégrant des structures NoC dynamiques, capables de s'auto-organiser et de s'auto-tester dans le but d'obtenir une maintenabilité maximale du fonctionnement du système dans un contexte en réseau. Dans ces travaux, un système communicant multi-nœuds MPSoC reconfigurable capable d'échanger et d'interagir a été développé, permettant ainsi une gestion avancée de tâches, la création et l'auto-gestion de mécanismes de tolérance aux fautes. Différentes techniques sont combinées et permettent d'identifier et localiser avec précision les éléments défaillants d'une telle structure dans le but de les corriger ou de les isoler pour prévenir toutes défaillances du système. Elles ont été validées au travers de nombreuses simulations matérielles afin d'estimer leur capacité de détection et de localisation des sources d'erreurs au sein d'un réseau. De même, des synthèses logiques du système intégrant les différentes solutions proposées sont analysées en termes de performances et de ressources logiques consommées dans le cas de la technologie FPGAThe need of growing performance and reliability of embedded System-on-Chips SoCs are increasing constantly to meet the requirements of applications becoming more and more complexes, new architectural processing paradigms and communication structures based in particular on self-adaptive and self-organizing structures have emerged. These new computing systems integrate within a single chip of hundreds of computing or processing elements (Multiprocessor Systems on Chip - MPSoC) allowing to feature a high level of parallel processing while providing high flexibility or adaptability. The goal is to change possible configurations of the distributed processing characterizing the evolving context of the networked systems. Nowadays, the performance of these systems relies on autonomous and intelligence allowing to deploy and redeploy the compute modules in real time to the request processing and computing power, the communication medium and data exchange between interconnected processing elements to provide bandwidth scalability and high efficiency for the potential parallelism of the available computing power of MPSoC. Moreover, the emergence of the partial reconfigurable FPGA technology allows to the MPSoC to adapt their elements during its operation in order to meet the system requirements. In this context, flexibility, computing power and high bandwidth requirements lead new approach to the design of self-organized and self-adaptive communication systems based Network-on-Chips (NoC). The aim is to allow the interconnection of a large number of elements in the same device while maintaining fault tolerance requirement and a compromise between parallel processing capacity of the MPSoC, communication performance, interconnection resources and tradeoff between performance and logical resources. This thesis work aims to provide innovative architectural solutions for networked fault tolerant MPSoC based on FPGA technology and configured as a distributed and self-organized structure. The objective is to obtain performance and reliable systems on chips incorporating detection, localization and correction of errors in their reconfigurable or adaptive NoC structures where the main difficulty lies in the identification and distinction between real errors and adaptive properties in these network nodes. More precisely, this work consists to perform a networked node based on reconfigurable FPGA which integrates dynamic or adaptive NoC capable of self-organized and self-test in order to achieve maximum maintainability of system operation in a networked environment (WSN). In this work, we developed a reconfigurable multi-node system based on MPSoC which can exchange and interact, allowing an efficient task management and self-management of fault tolerance mechanisms. Different techniques are combined and used to identify and precisely locate faulty elements of such a structure in order to correct or isolate them in order to prevent failures of the system. Validations through the many hardware simulations to estimate their capacity of detecting and locating sources of error within a network have been presented. Likewise, synthesized logic systems incorporating the various proposed solutions are analyzed in terms of performance and logic resources in the case of FPGA technology
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Jolly, Charlotte. "La théorisation des innovations au sein de la méta-organisation expérimentale et créative (MOEC) : étude de cas dans le champ de la santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1080.
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Depuis plusieurs années le système de santé connait des changements importants, notamment dans la manière de « prendre soin ». L’originalité de la recherche est d’analyser le processus de théorisation par le prisme des innovations sociales au sein d’un espace favorable aux innovations, lequel est une forme organisée spécifique : la Méta-organisation expérimentale et créative (MOEC). Le processus de théorisation est peu étudié au sein d’une forme organisée spécifique et l’objectif de la recherche vise à enrichir la littérature par des contributions théoriques et empiriques. En ce sens, ce travail de recherche consiste à montrer l’importance de la théorisation lors de l’institutionnalisation d’une innovation ainsi que le rôle de la MOEC à initier et soutenir les innovations. La recherche s’intéresse aux innovations élaborées par une pluralité d’acteurs issus du champ de la santé (sanitaire, médico-social et social), lesquels se rassemblent au sein d’un espace ouvert (Espace partagé de santé publique), initié par le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de NiceFor several years the health system experiencing significant changes, including how to "take care". The originality of the research is to analyze the theory of processes through the prism of social innovation in a favorable space to innovation, which is a specific organized form: the Meta-Organization Experimental and Creative (MOEC). The theorizing process is few studied and the research objectives are to enrich the literature of theoretical and empirical contributions. In this sense, this research work is to show the importance of theorizing in the institutionalization of innovation and the role of MOEC to initiate and support innovation. The research focuses on innovations developed by a plurality of actors from the field of health (health and medico-social), which gather in an open space (Shared space of public health), initiated by University Hospital of Nice. The research work is divided into four parts. The first part presents theoretical framework and links the three research subjects, "theorizing", "social innovation" and a "space for innovation : Meta-organization". They are well structured : how theorizing initiates and supports innovations in an experimental meta-organization and creative ? The second part presents the search field and the methodology used, including the epistemological choices. Given the research question, the focus is placed on three innovations developed by the EPSP : the project "Health sports seniors Saint-Roch" (4S), the "30 recommendations for retirements homes of the 21st century” and the “Center support social health (C3S)”. The third part presents the analysis of results from our different observations
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Böhringer, Martin [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Gluchowski, Peter [Gutachter] Gluchowski, and Michael [Gutachter] Koch. "Adaption von Web 2.0-Mustern in Organisationen : Vorgehensmodell und Demonstration anhand des Web 2.0-Musters Activity Streams / Martin Böhringer ; Gutachter: Peter Gluchowski, Michael Koch ; Betreuer: Peter Gluchowski." Chemnitz : Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1214243312/34.
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Pereira, Laura M. "Private sector adaptive capacity to climate change impacts in the food system : food security implications for South Africa and Brazil." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ade3811d-584e-4c5d-a734-4a22312eccf7.
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Achieving food security under climate change is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century. The challenge becomes even greater when contextualised within our current limited understanding of how the food system functions as a complex, adaptive socio-ecological system, with food security as one of its outcomes. Adding climate change into this already complex and uncertain mix creates a ‘wicked problem’ that must be solved through the development of adaptive food governance. The thesis has 4 key aims: - 1. To move beyond an understanding of food security that is dependent solely on agricultural production, and therefore the reliance of future food security predictions on production data based on climate model inputs.
- 2. To ground the theoretical aspects of complex adaptive systems with empirical data from multi-level case studies.
- 3. To investigate the potential role of the private sector in food system futures.
- 4. To analyse food system dynamics across scales and levels.
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Kouchner, Coline. "Durabilité des exploitations apicoles et interactions avec les stratégies de renouvellement du cheptel Bee farming systems sustainability: an assessment framework in France." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0718.
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Variabilité du contexte de production, pertes de colonies : les exploitations apicoles fontaujourd'hui face à différentes problématiques environnementales et socio-économiques. Enjeu majeur pourla filière, la durabilité des exploitations reste aujourd'hui difficile à caractériser en l’absence de référenceset d’un cadre d’évaluation adapté à l’apiculture. Cette thèse propose une définition de la durabilité adaptéeaux spécificités des exploitations apicoles, élaborée avec un ensemble d’acteurs de la filière apicole enFrance métropolitaine. Cette définition met notamment en lumière l’importance de la capacité d’adaptationdes exploitations, dans un contexte de fortes incertitudes sur les ressources alimentaires du cheptel commesur les pertes de colonies.En l’absence de leviers directs de gestion des ressources, la gestion du cheptel occupe une place centraledans le fonctionnement de l’exploitation. Pour assurer le maintien de ce cheptel malgré les pertes decolonies, différentes stratégies de renouvellement des colonies et des reines sont mises en place par lesapiculteurs. En s’appuyant sur des enquêtes auprès d’apiculteurs professionnels, la deuxième partie de cettethèse caractérise ces différentes stratégies et les pratiques qui les composent, ainsi que leur variabilité d’uneexploitation à l’autre. Ces stratégies de renouvellement contribuent directement à la durabilité del’exploitation par le maintien du cheptel, mais sont aussi en interaction avec d’autres aspects dufonctionnement de l’exploitation, qui sont abordés par la troisième partie de cette thèse. Les choixtechniques de gestion du renouvellement peuvent ainsi générer différentes contraintes dans le temps etl’organisation du travail, et contribuent à l’adaptabilité des pratiques et à la capacité d’adaptation del’exploitation apicole dans un contexte d’incertitudes.Cette thèse contribue à mieux cerner les enjeux actuels de la durabilité des exploitations apicoles, et lesinteractions possibles entre les stratégies de renouvellement du cheptel et cette durabilitéFloral resources availability, annual climatic conditions or colony losses: professionalbeekeepers have to cope with several economic and environmental challenges to ensure the sustainabilityof their farm. Through a collective work with French professional beekeepers and other stakeholders fromthe apicultural sector, this thesis defines the sustainability of bee farming systems. The adaptive capacity ofthe farm appears as a central issue to ensure the beekeeper’s sustainability goals, as beekeepers have toface an uncertain environment.To cope with the annual colony losses, the colony and queen replacement strategy is a key aspect in abee farming operation management, and can interact with other sustainability goals. The replacementstrategies of professional beekeepers are formalised and some of their main technical or socio-economicconsequences are studied. The beekeeper’s replacement strategy appears to affect their work organisation,as well as the flexibility of their practices, which both contribute to the adaptive capacity of the farm.This thesis provides an outlook on the current issues of bee farming system sustainability, and on themain interactions between the beekeeper’s replacement strategy and their farm sustainability
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Lindberg, Eva. "Continuous Quality Development by Means of New Understanding : A four year study on an Intensive Care Unit during times of hard work and demanding organisational changes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3782.
Full textAbstract:
The present thesis follows an intensive care unit during four year of hard work and demanding organisational changes (1998-2001). The changes were mainly initiated by diminishing resources and a legislative claim to pay regard to the quality aspect of health care service. The process of implementing a quality system was the main focus for the thesis. Triangulation was used aiming at explore the process from different views. Two interviews studies were conducted one with the staff and another with the leadership. Both interviews were analysed thematically combined with a phenomenographic technique (e.g. using the how, and what aspect). A longitudinal quasi experimental time-series study was also accomplished. The correlation between staff variables and workload were measured once a year. The result show a 20 % increase in workload per staff and year. The staff judged the organisational climate for innovativeness stable over the period. Sick leave increased, and more so, than the general trend in the society. In spite of this increase the prevalence of stress related symptoms was the same. Two different systems emerged, a complex adaptive system and a mechanical system. The two systems exist and functions intertwined. Because of the construction of the patient register it is possible to see that the situation around a patients being admitted ≥ 5 days functions according to the complex systems character while the situation around the acute patients functions according to a mechanical system. Sick leave correlated with number of patient admitted ≥ 5 days (P=,000). It seemed the problem found had its root in the unawareness of the existing of a complex system. The result has implications for a need of increased awareness about how to manage the situation when the ICU is functioning according to the complex adaptive system.