Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Adaptive and maladaptive schema'
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1
Louis, John Philip. "Clinical psychology : development of measures for schema therapy." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27350.
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Schema therapy is a leading contemporary approach to treating mental illness. The therapy integrally uses self-report measures of negative schemas (“long lasting patterns of emotions, cognitions and memories”), and the negative parenting patterns that are linked to the development of these schemas. However, the negative parenting measures are insufficient, and there are no corresponding measures of positive schemas or positive parenting patterns. Study 1 focused on the development of a measure for positive schemas, the Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ). Study 2 focused on the development of a measure for positive parenting patterns, the Positive Parenting Schema Inventory (PPSI). Finally, Study 3 empirically showed that the subscales of the Young Parenting Inventory (YPI) were not robust, and it provided a revised alternative (YPI-R2). For all three studies combined, community samples (n = 204 to 628) were collected from five countries in Asia (India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines) as well as the United States. The factor structure of the three instruments (the YPSQ, PPSI and YPI-R2) was stable in both Eastern and Western samples (in multigroup confirmatory factor analysis). All three scales showed prediction of mental health over and above what was possible with previous measures (incremental validity). The scales were not simply proxies for previously measured constructs (divergent validity). These scales also demonstrated significant associations with other established measures of parenting (construct validity). They also showed associations with negative schemas, well-being and ill-being (convergent validity). This thesis provides the tools needed to include a focus on positive as well as negative schemas and parenting patterns in both research and clinical practice. It also shows the benefits of so doing.
2
Minchin, Louise. "The early maladaptive schema model of personality disorder : an assessment of Young and Brown's schema questionnaire (short form)." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298090.
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Hurley, Susan. "The Impact of Maladaptive Schema on Disordered Eating: A Collective Case Study." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3660.
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This qualitative study is based on the reality that disordered eating such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and compulsive overeating resulting in obesity represent a major and growing problem in community health. Treatment models using cognitive behavioral therapy suggest that those diagnosed with an eating disorder tend to judge themselves in terms of their body shape, weight, and eating habits. However, the recovery rate for those treated for an eating disorder that only addresses those three issues identified above is less than 60%. A number of quantitative studies have provided evidence that other maladaptive schema may contribute to bulimic and anorexic behaviors. Fewer studies have addressed this issue in relationship to compulsive overeating resulting in obesity. This collective case study further explored and identified other maladaptive schema associated with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and compulsive overeating resulting in obesity that interfere in the long term recovery. This case study will allow the participants to express thoughts and emotions surrounding their disordered eating in their own voices. This collective case study provides evidence that persons diagnosed with disordered eating have carried early life events into adulthood and that these events have created maladaptive schema which may be interfering in their recovery process.
4
Carpenter, Eleanor. "Early maladaptive schema and self-control behaviour for individuals with bipolar disorder." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31187.
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Aims and objectives: Bipolar disorder is a severe and enduring mental illness with a high incidence of long-standing interpersonal and psychosocial difficulties that extend beyond the features of manic and depressive episodes. Research into the cognitive style of individuals with a dipolar disorder suggests depressogenic/optimistic attributional style, perfectionism, sociotropy, autonomy and maladaptive schemas play an important role in the disorder, and how individuals cope with it. The presence of early maladaptive schema (EMS) in the bipolar population has so far not been researched. The aim of the present study is to investigate what types of schema are pertinent for this group, and the relationship between schema and individuals' coping style (self-control behaviours).;Method: A within participant design involved 41 individuals with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder completing the Young Schema Questionnaire-short form, the Self-Control Behaviour Schedule, and the Internal State Scale. Data were analysed quantitatively using correlation and analysis of variance. EMS data were compared to normative EMS data.;Results: Self-Sacrifice and Unrelenting Standards were significantly prevalent for this sample. Emotional Deprivation was found to be present, but not significantly different from other EMS. There was a significant relationship between EMS and self-control behaviour.;Conclusions: The clinical and research implications for the psychological assessment and treatment of individuals with a bipolar disorder are discussed.
5
Makinson, Jenny Elizabeth. "Early maladaptive schemas and their relationship to psychopathology in adolescence." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7994.
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Schema therapy was developed by Jeffery Young to treat adults with personality disorders, and has been evidenced to be effective in treating both Axis I and Axis II disorders. While Young stipulates that schemas are likely to be in place by adolescence, there is currently little agreement over the appropriateness of schema theory and therapy in understanding and treating psychopathology in adolescence. This thesis aims to explore the evidence–base and potential utility of applying schema theory to adolescent psychopathology, and consists of a systematic review and research article. The review included published studies measuring Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) in 12 to 18 year olds, including those exploring relationships between EMS and psychopathology. The search of relevant literature from 1990 to 2012 yielded 19 articles for review, which were then subject to assessment of methodological quality. Most studies were assessed as ‘moderate’ in quality. Good quality evidence was found for the detection of higher rates of EMS in clinical or referred adolescent populations compared to non–clinical populations, as well as some evidence for effects of age and gender on EMS. Less consistent evidence was found for specific associations between individual EMS or domains and particular types of psychopathology or problem behaviour. Common limitations of the articles reviewed included poor control of confounding variables and little testing of EMS alongside contextual constructs to provide validation of findings. The main research article used a quantitative, questionnaire–based cross– sectional design to test the dimensionality of the schema concept in a population of 12 to 18 year–olds, comparing levels of EMS between a referred and non–referred group. EMS were measured alongside attachment and interpersonal behaviours to test their unique predictive effect on psychopathology. Specific relationships between individual groups of EMS and type of psychopathology were also explored. Results showed that the referred group scored significantly higher than the non–referred group on overall schema score. Schemas were found to significantly predict level of psychopathology, over and above prediction by attachment or interpersonal behaviour scores. There was also evidence for the specific prediction of internalising and externalising problem behaviour, affective, anxiety, oppositional–defiant and conduct problems by clusters of EMS. In conclusion, EMS appear to be a valid concept in predicting and understanding psychopathology in adolescence. A conceptual model is suggested for future research to explore the adaptation of schema theory more fully within developmental psychopathology. It is hoped that future research will test other aspects of schema theory in adolescents such as coping styles and modes. It is proposed that, following further validating evidence, this may result in the development of improved interventions for a range of presenting problems in adolescence.
6
Towndrow, Phillip Alexander. "Adaptive and maladaptive motivational responses in online learners." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3771/.
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The speed at which on-line technologies are being adopted in the learning of English as a second or foreign language creates an urgent need to establish links between theoretical positions and professional practice in the digital realm. As far as issues in motivation studies are concerned, much of what is known about the way learners of English behave is classroom and print-based and may not illuminate operational matters on-line to their fullest extent. This thesis describes the trial of English academic reading skills materials designed for Chinese scholars attending a tertiary-level Institution overseas and attempts to Identify and understand the variables that affected their performance on-line. The data collected from both quantitative and qualitative sources were considered within a framework that Identifies distinct patterns of behaviour, classified either as adaptive or maladaptive, Insofar as they affect the ways learners use their talents In the classroom. Analysis of the data showed that some participants seemed to obstruct their own learning on-line through their negative affective responses to the technology, materials and pedagogy used on the course. Others were able to achieve to a certain extent personally challenging and valued achievement goals. The data also highlighted challenges facing language tutors on-line In relationship building, fostering reflective practice and promoting Independence, and self-direction. Such areas of research are considered to be of particular value to practitioners who work In on-line contexts and have difficulty In Identifying and managing the dynamics of the environment they are involved in. Several implications are drawn from this study concerning the exploitation of online learning environments with Chinese students. Chief among these concerns the claim that cultural factors have a powerful Influence on the manner in which these students study and react on-line. In particular, Issues of 'face-management' and the operation of the 'self-worth motive' are highlighted and commented upon.
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LO, ALICE. "Self-Concept Certainty in Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19743.
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Typically defined as a personality trait that is characterised by the setting of exceedingly high performance standards and overly critical self-evaluation tendencies, perfectionism has been associated with an increased risk for a variety of psychopathology, including anxiety disorders, depression, and eating disorders. However, due to the various ways in which the achievement-based construct has been defined and conceptualised in the literature, questions remain about its nature, structure, measurement, specific maintaining factors, and treatment. For example, it is unclear as to the extent to which dimensions of perfectionism are considered “functional” and “pathological” and more importantly, the nature of the relationship between the more adaptive facets of perfectionism and unfavourable performance situations (e.g., situations that imply a failure to meet performance expectations or standards). The present thesis had three broad aims. First, to investigate potential measurement issues with self-report instruments commonly used to assess multidimensional perfectionism. Second, the present research focused on broadening understanding of the cognitive, affective, and behavioural constructs that underlie both adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism, and particularly how these are impacted during performance situations. Third, this thesis sought to gain a better understanding of the role of self-relevant constructs (i.e., self-concept and self-concept certainty) across adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism. Findings from the present thesis contribute to a better understanding of the measurement issues associated with perfectionism measures and extend upon models of perfectionism by suggesting the role that a series of affective, cognitive (including the self-concept and self-concept certainty), and behavioural processes play in maintaining adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism
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Torres, Cristian, and Cristian Torres@act gov au. "Early maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions in psychopathy and narcissism." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20031107.130315.
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Personality disorders have traditionally been considered refractory to psychological interventions. Two of the most common, and potentially harmful personality disorders are antisocial personality disorder / psychopathy, and narcissism. Although a great deal of conceptual overlap exists between psychopathy and narcissism, the empirical study of these constructs has proceeded largely independently of one another. Further complicating the discrimination of these constructs is the identification of the bi-factorial nature of psychopathy - conceptualised as primary and secondary psychopathy - as well as the identification of two distinct forms of narcissism, overt and covert. The recent resurgence of interest in the sub-clinical manifestations of these two constructs has led to the development of a number of easily administered instruments to measure each of the psychopathy and narcissism constructs, as dimensional traits, within normal populations. This has provided empirically validated and reliable instruments to further explicate these two overlapping constructs. The first of the two studies reported sought to discriminate between psychopathy and narcissism through the recharacterisation of these constructs in terms of the early maladaptive schemas outlined in Youngs early maladaptive schema theory (Young, 1999). Two hundred and ninety one participants completed questionnaires measuring primary and secondary psychopathy, overt and covert narcissism, and early maladaptive schemas. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that psychopathy and narcissism are discriminable in cognitive-interpersonal terms, as operationalised by early maladaptive schemas. Findings also call into question the earlier observed hierarchical structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire. The current analysis identified a two-factor structure to the schema questionnaire, rather than the previously stated 5-factors. Having demonstrated the usefulness of understanding psychopathy and narcissism in cognitive-interpersonal terms, the second study sought to further clarify the association between psychopathy and narcissism through the reconceptualisation of these constructs in cognitive terms, through the identification of the cognitive distortions operative in each disorder. One hundred and thirty two participants completed a cognitive distortions questionnaire developed by the author, along with the same measures of primary and secondary psychopathy, and overt and covert narcissism, as those administered in study 1. Findings were interpreted as providing support for the notion of psychopathy representing a sub-category of narcissism. Findings also provide further supportive evidence for the validity of the primary / secondary psychopathy, and overt / covert narcissism distinctions. The further clarification of the factor structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire, and the replication of the reliability and construct validity of the measure of cognitive distortions developed for this research are highlighted as areas for future research.
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Gok, Ali Can. "Associated Factors Of Psychological Well-being: Early Maladaptive Schemas, Schema Coping Processes, And Parenting Styles." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614645/index.pdf.
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The present study aimed (1) to examine possible influence of demographic variables of age, gender, familial monthly income, relationship status, mother&rsquos education, father&rsquo
s education on Parenting Styles, Schema Domains, Schema Coping Styles, and Psychopathology/Life Satisfaction
(2) to examine associated factors of Schema Domains, Schema Coping Styles, Psychopathology/Life Satisfaction
(3) to examine the mediator role of Schema Domains in the relationship between Parenting Styles and Psychopathology/Life Satisfaction
(4) to examine the mediator role of Schema Coping Styles in the relationship between Schema Domains and Psychopathology/Life Satisfaction. In order to fulfill these aims 404 people between the ages 18-42 participated in the study. According to results, negative parenting practices from both sources (i.e., mother, father) were found to be associated with stronger levels of schema domains. Furthermore, Impaired Limits/Exaggerated Standards and Impaired Autonomy/Other Directedness schema domains were found to be associated with Compensation schema coping style
while Disconnection/Rejection and Impaired Limits/Exaggerated Standards schema domains were found related to Avoidance schema coping style. After that, mother&rsquo
s parenting style, schema domains of Disconnection/Rejection, and Impaired Autonomy/Other Directedness were found to be significantly associated with depressive symptomatology. In addition, psychopathological symptoms were found to be associated with both parenting styles, schema domains of Disconnection/Rejection and Impaired Limits/Exaggerated Standards, and schema coping style of Avoidance. What is more, both parenting styles, schema domain of Disconnection/Rejection, were negatively
and compensation schema coping style was positively associated with satisfaction with life. As for the mediational analyses, schema domains mediated the relationship between parenting styles and psychopathology/life satisfaction
furthermore, schema coping styles mediated the relationship between schema domains and psychopathology/life satisfaction.
10
Turner, Roy Marvin. "A schema-based model of adaptive problem solving." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9156.
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Stewart, Riina. "The relationship between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, academic performance and happiness /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpss8491.pdf.
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Thomas, Aimee Marie. "An Exploration of the Relationship between Childhood Sexual Abuse,Caregiver Support, and Maladaptive Cognitive Schema Among Incarcerated Women." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1226697716.
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Thomas, Aimee M. "An exploration of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, caregiver support, and maladaptive cognitive schema among incarcerated women." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1226697716.
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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Counseling, 2008."December, 2008." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 12/28/2008) Advisor, James Rogers; Committee members, John Queener, David Tokar, Charles Waehler, Francis Broadway; Department Chair, Karin Jordan; Dean of the College, Cynthia Capers; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ekelund, Lisa, and Tove Ringmar. "When the Pain Has Gone Beyond: Adaptive and Maladaptive Coping among Congolese Refugees." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-117626.
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There is a lack of studies investigating PTSD in countries with a low human development index and also among refugee populations (Onyut et al., 2004; Stevens et al., 2013). The purpose of the present study was to investigate coping strategies used by Congolese refugees, a heavily traumatised population. Using a mixed-methods design, two studies were conducted on samples of Congolese refugees. Interviews (N=10) were conducted to study coping strategies. Thematic analysis generated five themes: 1) religion, 2) social coping, 3) problem-solving, 4) resignation, and 5) avoidance. Furthermore, differences in coping strategies between individuals with low (n=23) and high (n=24) PTSD symptom severity1 were examined statistically. The results showed that the low PTSD symptom severity group used significantly more adaptive coping strategies compared to the other group (p=.004). No difference was found in maladaptive coping strategies (p=ns). The results of both the qualitative and quantitative analyses suggest that religious meaning-making and social coping are important in this context.
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Liu, Jing Dong. "Teachers' interpersonal styles, students' psychological needs and adaptive/maladaptive outcomes in physical education." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1463.
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Desson, Stewart. "Development of an integrated adaptive and maladaptive personality model for measuring the 'Big Five'." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2017. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/q3xw6/development-of-an-integrated-adaptive-and-maladaptive-personality-model-for-measuring-the-big-five.
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The structure of the Big Five model of personality was examined when its dimensions were measured independently at both poles, based on new items designed to reduce the social desirability bias often found between the polarities. Inductive, deductive and criterion-centric methods were employed and an instrument created that measures Big Five traits both adaptively and maladaptively. Based on a comprehensive literature review of the potency of different personality scales in predicting positive and negative performance at work, 410 items were created to measure the desired adaptive and maladaptive scales and a sample of English speaking professionals (N = 1,686 females, mean age = 44.0, SD = 12.0; N = 820 males, mean age = 46.5, SD = 13.0) assessed themselves against them on a Likert scale. Eighteen scales were created based on fifty-seven items and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was employed to understand the impact of the new structure on the Big Five. The convergent and divergent validity were tested using hypotheses regarding the proposed correlations with industry benchmark instruments. A re-validation study (N = 438), test re-test study (N = 117), consensual validity study (N = 105) and social desirability study (N = 26, N = 28, N = 40) were also undertaken. Criterion validity was examined using behavioural competency models (N = 254, N = 73), with 360 observer feedback gathered and a priori hypotheses tested. The results revealed that evaluative bias can be reduced with the proposed approach, and the Big Five factor structure persists, whilst simultaneously enabling test users to explore their adaptive and maladaptive traits at both ends of the polarities. It is argued that conceptualising maladaptive traits as the more extreme ends of the Big Five (“too much of a good thing”) is helpful from a user validity perspective and avoids the risk of pathologizing people in organisational settings. Finally, the instrument’s eighteen scales have been located in the personality periodic table (Woods and Anderson, 2016) and the concept of a blended Conscientiousness and Neuroticism scale has been supported by the current research and provides a new approach. The implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Garofalo, Sara <1986>. "Adaptive and Maladaptive Implications of Reinforcement Learning Processes: Fronto-Striatal Loops and Behavioural Correlates." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7596/1/Garofalo_Sara_tesi.pdf.
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That humans and animals learn from interaction with the environment is a foundational idea underlying nearly all theories of learning and intelligence. Learning that certain outcomes are associated with specific actions or stimuli (both internal and external), is at the very core of the capacity to adapt behaviour to environmental changes.
In the present work, appetitive and aversive reinforcement learning paradigms have been used to investigate the fronto-striatal loops and behavioural correlates of adaptive and maladaptive reinforcement learning processes, aiming to a deeper understanding of how cortical and subcortical substrates interacts between them and with other brain systems to support learning.
By combining a large variety of neuroscientific approaches, including behavioral and psychophysiological methods, EEG and neuroimaging techniques, these studies aim at clarifying and advancing the knowledge of the neural bases and computational mechanisms of reinforcement learning, both in normal and neurologically impaired population.
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Garofalo, Sara <1986>. "Adaptive and Maladaptive Implications of Reinforcement Learning Processes: Fronto-Striatal Loops and Behavioural Correlates." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7596/.
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That humans and animals learn from interaction with the environment is a foundational idea underlying nearly all theories of learning and intelligence. Learning that certain outcomes are associated with specific actions or stimuli (both internal and external), is at the very core of the capacity to adapt behaviour to environmental changes.
In the present work, appetitive and aversive reinforcement learning paradigms have been used to investigate the fronto-striatal loops and behavioural correlates of adaptive and maladaptive reinforcement learning processes, aiming to a deeper understanding of how cortical and subcortical substrates interacts between them and with other brain systems to support learning.
By combining a large variety of neuroscientific approaches, including behavioral and psychophysiological methods, EEG and neuroimaging techniques, these studies aim at clarifying and advancing the knowledge of the neural bases and computational mechanisms of reinforcement learning, both in normal and neurologically impaired population.
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Neal, Adrian K. "An investigation into the associations between unawareness of current symptoms, neuropsychological deficit, Early Maladaptive Schema and experience of trauma in Schizophrenia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405364.
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盧笑蓮 and Siu-lin Cola Lo. "The role of rumination in depression: differentiation of adaptive and maladaptive effects on mood andcognitions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41712560.
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Foster, Alishia. "Traumatic Life Events and Symptoms of Anxiety: Moderating Effects of Adaptive Versus Maladaptive Coping Strategies." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2380.
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The experience of trauma is prevalent among young adult college students and is often associated with poor mental health outcomes such as symptoms of anxiety. Not all individuals who have experienced trauma, however, develop anxiety, perhaps due to individual-level adaptive characteristics, such as use of adaptive rather than maladaptive coping strategies. Yet, little research has examined the interrelationships between the experience of trauma, specific types of coping strategies, and subclinical anxiety symptoms. A sample of 915 undergraduate students completed self-report measures of trauma, coping strategies, and anxiety symptoms. We hypothesized that traumatic life events would be associated with anxiety symptoms, and that this relation would be moderated by adaptive and maladaptive coping, such that adaptive coping will weaken, whereas maladaptive coping will exacerbate, the trauma-anxiety relationship. Results demonstrated maladaptive coping, but not adaptive coping, was a moderator of the association between the experience of trauma and symptoms of anxiety.
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Castaneda, Castellanos Paola Maria. "Exploring the Relationship Between Chocolate Cake-Related Guilt, Eating, and Individual Differences." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10475.
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Food and eating are often associated with both positive and negative emotions: pleasure and enjoyment, and also worry and guilt. Guilt has the potential to have both adaptive and maladaptive consequences on health behaviours. The present study aimed to further explore the relationship between a default association of guilt with a ‘forbidden’ food item (i.e., chocolate cake) and healthy eating behaviours, attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioural control. Individual difference variables (self-control, self-compassion, and neuroticism) and stress were also examined in relation to guilt. This study investigated the influence of a default guilt association on hypothetical and actual food choices. The findings suggest that food-related guilt can have both adaptive and maladaptive consequences on healthy eating behaviours and on individual difference variables. Individuals with chocolate cake-guilt associations reported healthier eating intentions and higher perceived behavioural control in relation to healthy eating. Those with guilt associations did not report more positive attitudes toward healthy eating nor higher self-control. They reported lower levels of self-compassion and higher levels of neuroticism and perceived stress. In regard to a hypothetical food choice, no differences were found between those with guilt or celebration associations. With one exception, guilt did not have adaptive effects during a taste test in regard to sweet and savoury food intake and post-eating guilt. Self-control appeared to be a protective factor from the maladaptive effects of guilt: self-control moderated the relationship between a guilt association and healthy eating intentions and savoury food intake. The overall findings from this research indicate that an alternative approach to promoting healthy eating and living should be considered.
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Robertson, Bruce A. L. "The roles of food and predation in shaping adaptive and maladaptive behaviors in postfire bird species." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12272006-141118/.
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Morgan, Judith Kirstin. "Parental discipline style relation of physical punishment and emotion socialization to adaptive and maladaptive child outcomes /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 56 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338878441&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Sanders, Winston Albert. "Should depressed people focus on their low mood? Adaptive and maladaptive processing modes in unipolar depression." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:1590.
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Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is hypothesised to reduce the risk of depressive relapse by teaching participants to adopt a mindful rather than a ruminative mode of information processing. This study aimed to examine the effects of state and trait ruminative and mindful modes of processing on Social Problem Solving (SPS) and affect in participants vulnerable to depressive relapse. Dysphoric participants with and without a history of depression were assessed for SPS and affect before and after manipulations designed to induce mindful (experiential) or ruminative (analytic) processing modes. Results indicated that increased trait rumination was associated with increased SPS ability following mindful processing only. Increased SPS ability was found following mindful processing for recovered depressed participants with less than three episodes of depression, but not for those with more than two. Trait mindfulness was found to influence SPS ability dependent upon processing condition and depression history. Processing conditions had equivalent effect on mood. These findings suggest that mindful processing may help reduce the risk of depressive relapse by increasing SPS in those with low mood and high levels of trait rumination. The influence of trait mindfulness and number of depressive episodes on the effectiveness of mindful processing inductions warrants further investigation.
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Sankaran, Sindhuja. "I 'think', therefore I 'choke' : evidence towards adaptive and maladaptive processing styles in determining sports performance." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/39636/.
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This thesis develops a model that predicts sports performance, particularly ‘choking under pressure’. The model describes a cognitive framework along with dispositional factors that might affect performance. The premise of the research is based on two quasi-experimental groups called Training Champions (TC) – those who perform better in training than competitions and Competition Champions (CC) – those who perform better in competitions than training. It was assumed that TC are more vulnerable to ‘choking under pressure’ than CC, based on the premise that TC have repetitive exposure to failure and CC have repetitive exposure to success. The thesis thus develops a model that could potentially explain why TC decline in performance and continue to do so and why CC improve their performance. The model comprises various stages which is included in respective experimental chapters. The first experimental chapter sets the stage for rest of the model by showing that certain information types – positive, negative and neutral would have difference effects on performance between TC and CC. The second experimental chapter throws light on the impact of various levels of ‘thinking’ traits like rumination, trait anxiety, maladaptive perfectionism and need for cognition. In other words higher levels of these traits would indicate a maladaptive nature, while lower levels of these traits would indicate an adaptive nature. It was predicted that TC would possess maladaptive traits and thereby engage in maladaptive information processing while CC would possess adaptive traits and would engage in an adaptive processing style. The third experimental chapter examined how TC and CC maintain such processing styles by studying the construct of perceived controllability. It was theorized that information processing would lead to perceiving future outcomes with certain levels of control. Hence it was predicted that TC would show perceived uncontrollability and CC would show an illusion of control over future outcomes. The fourth and fifth experimental chapters examined in detail the nature of maladaptive and adaptive processing styles by associating negativity biases with TC and positivity biases with CC. Finally, it was predicted that the reason why TC continue to engage in this style is because they are in a learned helplessness loop constantly reinforced due to repetitive failure, while CC are in a positive feedback loop reinforced by repetitive success.
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Lo, Siu-lin Cola. "The role of rumination in depression differentiation of adaptive and maladaptive effects on mood and cognitions /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41712560.
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Rogaten, Jekaterina. "Adaptive-positive vs. maladaptive-negative structures and processes in learning : towards the comprehensive model of academic performance." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2014. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/694/.
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The goal of the Ph.D. research was to develop an empirical foundation suitable for designing educational interventions and programmes aiming to improve students' learning. In order to achieve this a series of studies was conducted that supported the development and test of a comprehensive, chained mediation model of academic performance. The proposed chained mediation model comprised of adaptive-positive and maladaptive-negative submodels. The adaptive-positive submodel hypothesised firstly that trait intrinsic motivation and adaptive metacognition would facilitate the use of creative cognition in studying (first-level mediator). Secondly, the mediator hypothesised that the use of creative cognition in studying would lead to the experience of positive affect in studying, and to the development of adaptive approaches to studying (second-level mediators). Finally, the submodel hypothesised that positive affect in studying and adaptive approaches to studying would facilitate academic performance. The maladaptive-negative submodel hypothesised firstly that trait intrinsic motivation and maladaptive metacognition would lead to evaluation anxiety (first-level mediator). Secondly, the model hypothesised that evaluation anxiety would lead to the experience of negative affect in studying, and to the development of a maladaptive approach to studying (second-level mediators). Finally, the model hypothesised that negative affect in studying and the maladaptive approach to studying would undermine academic performance. A total of five studies were conducted employing 2140 university students.
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Sarney, Pallas Heather Michelle. "The relationship between maladaptive schemas and binge eating in an overweight/obese community population: Mediating effects of depression and moderating effects of schema avoidance processes." Thesis, Sarney, Pallas Heather Michelle (2012) The relationship between maladaptive schemas and binge eating in an overweight/obese community population: Mediating effects of depression and moderating effects of schema avoidance processes. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41688/.
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The aim of this study was to investigate whether schema-based, affect regulation models of binge eating that have been reported for eating disorder populations may generalise to non-clinical, overweight/obese binge eating populations. Forty-one overweight/obese adults were recruited from the community to complete a series of self-report questionnaires. The study examined associations between maladaptive schemas, depression, binge eating and schema avoidance processes in order to replicate and extend the results of prior research conducted with obese binge eating and eating disordered populations. It then tested two major mediation and moderation hypotheses to examine causal and interactive relationships between these variables as proposed by the models under investigation, specifically whether depression (as a measure of negative affect) mediated the relationship between maladaptive schemas and binge eating and whether schema avoidance processes moderated the same relationship. The study found the expected positive associations between variables in the models and found maladaptive schemas were a robust predictor of binge eating when other variables were controlled. The non-significant results produced from the mediation and moderation analyses were possibly due to insufficient sample size and are in need of replication. Results from the study provide support for the application of schema-based affect regulation models of disordered eating to overweight/obese binge eating populations. Providing schema-focussed cognitive-behavioural therapy for this group (in addition to other weight loss strategies) may be an effective way for clinicians to intervene to achieve reduced binge eating and subsequent improved weight loss outcomes.
Keywords: Obesity; Binge Eating; Schemas; Depression; Affect Regulation; Avoidance.
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Ulu, Inci Pinar. "An Investigation Of Adaptive And Maladaptive Dimensions Of Perfectionism In Relation To Adult Attachment And Big Five Personality Traits." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608170/index.pdf.
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The present study investigated the role of anxiety and avoidance dimensions of attachment and big five personality traits in adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism. A pilot study was carried out with 408 (260 males and 148 females) preparatory school students of Middle East Technical University (METU) for the adaptation studies of Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R). The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded a 21 item scale with three factorsStandards, Discrepancy and Order. The results of convergent and divergent and criterion-related validity studies revealed evidence for the adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism. As for the main purpose of the study, three questionnaires, namely APS-R, Relationship Scales Questionnaire and Big Five Inventory were administered to 604 (377 males and 227 females) preparatory school students of METU. The results of three multiple regression analysis revealed that adaptive perfectionism as measured by Standards scores was significantly predicted by Conscientiousness, Openness and Extraversion. Maladaptive perfectionism as measured by Discrepancy scores was predicted by Neuroticism, Anxiety and Avoidance dimensions of attachment. Order scores used as an additional analysis were found to be predicted by Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Extraversion and Openness.
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Wehbe, Michelle S., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Management. "Branded and non-branded tobacco counter-advertisements : an experimental study of reactance and other maladaptive and adaptive coping responses." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Management, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3423.
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An experiment was done to investigate whether or not there is a need to treat smokers and
non-smokers as separate target audiences when creating tobacco counter-advertisements.
The Extended Parallel Process Model (Witte, 1992) and Reactance Theory (Brehm,
1966) were used to guide the development of predictions. The study revealed that social
marketers need to have different advertising tactics for smokers and non-smokers, since
smokers have reported more maladaptive coping responses and fewer adaptive coping
responses than non-smokers. Moreover, based on the fact that a smoker’s brand forms an
essential part of their self-identity (Goldberg et al., 1995) the experiment was also
designed to see if smokers would have differing levels of reactance and other
maladaptive coping responses if they saw a counter-advertisement attacking their brand,
one attacking a competing brand, and a non-branded one. The study did not reveal any
significant differences in reactions among the three conditions.x, 125 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Piscitelli, Paula Marie. "An examination of the interactive relationship between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, and eating disorder symptomatology in a non-patient population /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsp656.pdf.
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Bolla, Pranav R. "Rumination and Positive Autobiographical Memories in Depression: An Examination of the Undermining Effect of Maladaptive Emotion Regulation on Adaptive Emotion Regulation." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1560906139997184.
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Mahmoud, Jihan Saber Raja. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF ANXIETY, COPING, THINKING STYLE, LIFE SATISFACTION, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND SELECTED DEMOGRAPHICS AMONG YOUNG ADULT COLLEGE STUDENTS." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/128.
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Anxiety is prevalent among 13 % of young adult college students and is associated with emotional and behavioral consequences that adversely affect their mental and physical well-being. The major challenge for implementing evidence-based interventions is the lack of a multidimensional approach for evaluating anxiety in this population.
The purpose of this dissertation was to develop an evidence-based theoretical framework for studying the phenomenon of anxiety in young adult college students. Three studies were conducted to achieve this purpose. First, the psychometric properties of the 21-item shortened version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were evaluated in a sample of young adult college students. The results indicated that the DASS-21 is a valid and reliable instrument for distinguishing between depression and anxiety in this population. Second, the relative contributions of students’ demographics, life-satisfaction, and coping style to their anxiety levels were evaluated. Maladaptive coping style was identified as the main predictor of students’ anxiety. Particularly, coping strategies related to negative thoughts, such as self-blaming, and cognitive avoidance, such as denial, were significant predictors of anxiety. Other strategies that are related to behavioral coping such as venting and substance use were not significant predictors of anxiety. Thus, further investigation of the cognitive aspect of anxiety was necessary in the third study.
In the third study, an integrated hypothetical model of the psychosocial, behavioral, and cognitive dimensions of anxiety was proposed and evaluated in this population. Using a web-based survey, 257 undergraduate students were assessed for anxiety, coping style, negative thinking, social support, life-satisfaction and demographics. Path analysis was used to examine the proposed model. Maladaptive coping and negative thinking were directly related to anxiety with negative thinking being the primary predictor of anxiety in this model.
The findings from these studies suggest that the DASS-21 is a valid measure of anxiety and that interventions’ that address negative thinking and maladaptive coping should be considered in future research and practice with young adult college students.
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Yao, Melissa Pulmares. "An investigation of academic self-efficacy, procrastination frequency, and reasons for procrastination among groups of adaptive perfectionists, maladaptive perfectionists, and non-perfectionists." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413475165.
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Lauber, Elissa Ann. "Perfectionism: Good, Bad, or Growth?" University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1367171959.
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Seixas, Carlos Eduardo. "ASSOCIAÇÃO DE ESQUEMAS INICIAIS DESADAPTATIVOS EM TRANSTORNOS DO EIXO I." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10336.
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The present study aimed to assess whether there is an association of Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) in acute Axis I disorders in a mixed clinical population of 21 women and 10 men, aged between 18 and 57 years. For this purpose, two evaluation instruments were used: the Young Schema Questionnaire - Short version (YSQ-S3) and the MINI diagnostic interview Plus Version 5.0.0. For this method, cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach was performed. The sample allowed us to evaluate the association of EMS with the diagnostic category of anxiety, mood, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia and GAD. After collecting data, the data were subjected to statistical analyzes, performed by Fisher's exact test procedures. The results were the significance p 043 Subjugation of the EID for the group of anxiety disorders and a significance p 048 second schematic Domain - Autonomy and impaired performance for comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia and GAD, compared to other diagnostic found in studies of anxiety. No associations of EMS for bipolarity GAD and mood disorders were found. The current literature indicates that the Schema Theory has been applied most often to personality disorders, however the stability of Early Maladaptive Schemas combine as a vulnerability factor for mood disorders and anxiety. Therefore, Schema Therapy has shown relevance for acute disorders, especially among the more chronic cases of mood and anxiety disorders, which have high levels of EMS. Research is needed to strengthen this assertion and better identify cases that may benefit most.O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal averiguar a existência de associação de Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos (EIDs) em transtornos agudos de Eixo I numa amostra clínica mista de 21 mulheres e 10 homens, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 57 anos. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos de avaliação: o Questionário de Esquemas de Young - versão breve (YSQ-S3) e a entrevista diagnóstica M.I.N.I. Plus Version 5.0.0. Para tal, foi realizado como método um estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra possibilitou avaliar associação de EIDs com a categoria diagnóstica de ansiedade, de humor, de bipolaridade, de transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG) e da comorbidade de transtorno de pânico com agorafobia e TAG. Após a coleta, os dados foram submetidos a procedimentos estatísticos e análises realizadas através do Teste Exato de Fisher. Os resultados encontrados foram uma significância p 0,043 do EID de Subjugação para o grupo de transtornos de ansiedade e uma significância p 0,048 do segundo Domínio esquemático Autonomia e desempenho prejudicados para a comorbidade de pânico com agorafobia e TAG, em comparação aos outros diagnósticos de ansiedade encontrados nos estudos. Não foram encontradas significâncias de EIDs para bipolaridade, TAG e em transtornos de humor. A literatura atual aponta que a Teoria do Esquema tem sido aplicada mais frequentemente a perturbações da personalidade, entretanto a estabilidade dos Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos combinam como um fator de vulnerabilidade para transtornos de humor e ansiedade. Assim sendo, a Terapia do Esquema vem apresentando relevância para os transtornos agudos, especialmente entre os casos mais crônicos de humor e ansiedade, que apresentam níveis elevados de EIDs. Pesquisas ainda são necessárias para reforçar tal afirmação e identificar melhor os casos que podem se beneficiar mais.
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Maguire, Gregory M. "Concept of a dynamic organizational schema for a network-centric organization." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FMaguire.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Carl R. Jones, William G. Kemple. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-97). Also available online.
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Leppänen, V. (Virpi). "Epävakaan persoonallisuuden hoitomallitutkimus Oulun mielenterveyspalveluissa." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526209685.
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Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common mental disorder involving a substantial decrease in functional ability, self-destructive behavior and extensive burden on the health care system. This study project aimed to create a well-structured and easily applicable treatment model for patients with severe BPD. The effectiveness of the treatment model was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. The study group consisted of 71 patients with a mean age of 32 years. During the intervention period (1 Aug 2010 - 31 Jul 2011) 24 patients received new treatment (Community Treatment by Experts, CTBE) while 47 patients received treatment as usual (TAU). Patients in the CTBE group had 40 individual therapy sessions and 40 psychoeducational group sessions, where they were taught the key concepts of schema therapy (ST). Requirements for the therapists providing individual therapy were as follows: willingness to treat patients with BPD, commitment to weekly individual sessions with patients and commitment to participation fortnightly in a CTBE supervision consultation group, but no former psychotherapy training was required. Psychiatric treatment of the TAU group was variable. Changes in BPD symptoms, health-related quality of life, early maladaptive schemas and schema modes were measured at the beginning and at the end of the one-year intervention. At the end of the year there were 20 patients (83%) in the CTBE group and 33 patients (70%) in the TAU group. After the intervention the patients in the CTBE group had less self-destructive behavior, impulsivity, and paranoid ideation or dissociative symptoms than patients in the TAU group, which means the CTBE treatment model was able to reduce the most serious symptoms of BPD. It is possible that the reduction in self-destructive behavior of CTBE patients is linked to the fact that certain early maladaptive schemas, such as rejection, mistrust and social isolation, decreased during the intervention. Similar changes were not seen in the TAU group patients. The study showed the CTBE treatment to be more efficient than TAU treatment. In addition, the CTBE model is applicable to public mental health services using existing professionalsTiivistelmä Epävakaa persoonallisuus on tavallinen mielenterveyden häiriö, johon liittyy huomattavaa toimintakyvyn alenemista, itsetuhoisuutta ja runsasta terveyspalvelujen käyttöä. Tässä tutkimusprojektissa luotiin Oulun kaupungin mielenterveyspalveluihin uusi hoitomalli vaikeaoireisille epävakaasta persoonallisuudesta kärsiville potilaille. Hoitomallin tehokkuutta arvioitiin satunnaistetulla kontrolloidulla tutkimuksella. Tutkimusjoukon muodosti 71 potilasta, keski-iältään 32 vuotta. Interventiovuoden ajan (1.8.2010–31.7.2011) 24 potilasta sai uuden hoitomallin mukaista hoitoa (ns. hoitomalliryhmä) ja 47 potilasta tavanomaista psykiatrista hoitoa (ns. verrokkiryhmä). Hoitomalliryhmän potilaat kävivät vuoden aikana viikoittain yksilöhoidossa (40 käyntiä) ja psykoedukatiivisessa ryhmässä (40 istuntoa), jossa potilaille mm. opetettiin skeematerapian keskeisiä käsitteitä. Yksilöhoidon toteuttaneilta työntekijöiltä ei edellytetty psykoterapiakoulutusta. Sen sijaan heiltä edellytettiin kiinnostusta epävakaan persoonallisuuden hoitoa kohtaan sekä halua sitoutua interventiovuoden ajaksi viikoittaisiin yksilötapaamisiin ja kahden viikon välein kokoontuvaan työnohjaustyyppiseen konsultaatioryhmään. Tavanomainen psykiatrinen hoito oli vaihtelevaa. Interventiovuoden alussa ja lopussa mitattiin epävakaan persoonallisuushäiriön oireita, terveyteen liittyvää elämänlaatua sekä varhaisia haitallisia skeemoja (tunnelukkoja) ja skeemamoodeja (minätiloja). Interventiovuoden päätyttyä hoitomalliryhmässä oli jäljellä 20 potilasta (83 %) ja verrokkiryhmässä 33 potilasta (70 %). Hoitomalliryhmän potilailla oli interventiovuoden jälkeen vähemmän itsetuhoisuutta, impulsiivisuutta ja paranoidisia ajatuksia tai dissosiatiivisia oireita kuin verrokkiryhmän potilailla, eli hoitomallilla pystyttiin vähentämään kaikkein vakavimpia epävakaaseen persoonallisuushäiriöön liittyviä oireita. On mahdollista, että itsetuhoisuuden väheneminen hoitomalliryhmässä liittyy siihen, että tietyt haitalliset skeemat, kuten hylkäämisen, epäluottamuksen ja sosiaalisen eristäytymisen skeemat, lievenivät hoidon aikana. Tavanomaista psykiatrista hoitoa saaneilla potilailla ei tapahtunut vastaavia muutoksia. Tutkimusprojekti osoitti, että hoitomallin mukainen epävakaan persoonallisuuden hoito on tehokkaampaa kuin tavanomainen psykiatrinen hoito. Lisäksi hoitomalli on sovellettavissa julkisen sektorin psykiatriseen palvelujärjestelmään ja käytettävissä oleviin henkilökuntaresursseihin
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DeMoss, Zachary T. "A Test of Specificity Between Emotion Regulation Repertoires and Affect: A Prospective Investigation." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1624358111265875.
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Carr, Steven, and steven carr@rmit edu au. "Retrospective Reporting of Childhood Experiences and Borderline Personality Disorder Features in a Non-Clinical Sample: A Cognitive-Behavioural Perspective." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080205.101748.
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The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms and childhood experiences, and to explore the role of Early Maladaptive Schemas and core beliefs as variables possibly mediating this relationship. Previous research with clinical samples has established a strong link between childhood maltreatment and adult BPD (& other PD) symptoms in clinical samples. However, difficulties with these studies limit the specificity of results. For example, BPD has been shown to be highly comorbid with other axis I and axis II psychiatric conditions. Given that studies examining the relationship between BPD and childhood maltreatment generally fail to control for these comorbid conditions, the specificity of their results must be questioned. Furthermore, it has been well established that childhood familial environment is strongly related to childhood maltreatment. Again studies examining the relationship between BPD and childhood maltreatment have generally failed to concurrently assess childhood familial environments, hence opening the possibility that the relationship between BPD and childhood maltreatment may be due to family functioning rather than childhood maltreatment per se. Finally, studies linking childhood maltreatment with adult BPD have primarily utilized clinical samples. However, the primary use of clinical samples to examine the aetiology of disorders in this context ignores the vast literature showing adequate psychological functio ning for the majority of individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment. Hence, the primary aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult BPD symptoms in a primarily non-clinical sample whilst statistically controlling for commonly comorbid axis I and axis II symptomatology and concurrently measuring childhood familial functioning. It was a secondary aim of the current study to examine the mediating effects of beliefs on the relationship between childhood factors (i.e., childhood maltreatment & childhood familial functioning) and adult BPD symptomatology. That is, cognitive-behavioural theorists argue that personality disorders may be triggered by adverse childhood experiences leading to maladaptive beliefs (or schemas) related to the self, others, and the world, and it is these beliefs which lead to the behavioural disturbances evident in personality disorders. One hundred and eighty-five primarily non-clinical participants completed questionnaires measuring a variety of axis I and axis II symptoms, early maladaptive schemas and core beliefs, as well as retrospective reports of family functioning and childhood maltreatment. Results showed a significant relationship between childhood factors and adult BPD symptomatology. For example, the largest correlation between BPD symptoms and a childhood factor was .27 (for childhood emotional abuse). Furthermore, early maladaptive schemas and core beliefs were found to mediate the relationship between childhood factors and adult BPD symptomatology thus supporting cognitive-behavioural theories of personality disorders. However, early maladaptive schemas and core beliefs were also found to mediate the relationship between childhood factors and other Axis I and Axis II symptoms. Hence, it was concluded that while there was some support for a cognitive mediation hypothesis for BPD symptoms, future research is needed in exploring the specificity of the cognitive mediation hypothesis for BPD.
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Deshpande, Shubhangi Govind. "Advances in aircraft design: multiobjective optimization and a markup language." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25142.
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Today's modern aerospace systems exhibit strong interdisciplinary coupling and require a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach. Analysis methods that were once considered feasible only for advanced and detailed design are now available and even practical at the conceptual design stage. This changing philosophy for conducting conceptual design poses additional challenges beyond those encountered in a low fidelity design of aircraft. This thesis takes some steps towards bridging the gaps in existing technologies and advancing the state-of-the-art in aircraft design.
The first part of the thesis proposes a new Pareto front approximation method for multiobjective optimization problems. The method employs a hybrid optimization approach using two derivative free direct search techniques, and is intended for solving blackbox simulation based multiobjective optimization problems with possibly nonsmooth functions where the analytical form of the objectives is not known and/or the evaluation of the objective function(s) is very expensive (very common in multidisciplinary design optimization). A new adaptive weighting scheme is proposed to convert a multiobjective optimization problem to a single objective optimization problem. Results show that the method achieves an arbitrarily close approximation to the Pareto front with a good collection of well-distributed nondominated points.
The second part deals with the interdisciplinary data communication issues involved in a collaborative mutidisciplinary aircraft design environment. Efficient transfer, sharing, and manipulation of design and analysis data in a collaborative environment demands a formal structured representation of data. XML, a W3C recommendation, is one such standard concomitant with a number of powerful capabilities that alleviate interoperability issues. A compact, generic, and comprehensive XML schema for an aircraft design markup language (ADML) is proposed here to provide a common language for data communication, and to improve efficiency and productivity within a multidisciplinary, collaborative environment. An important feature of the proposed schema is the very expressive and efficient low level schemata. As a proof of concept the schema is used to encode an entire Convair B58. As the complexity of models and number of disciplines increases, the reduction in effort to exchange data models and analysis results in ADML also increases.Ph. D.
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Thomas, Marie. "Auteurs de violence sexuelle sur enfants : développement de lignes directrices d’évaluation clinique avant prise en charge par thérapie comportementale et cognitive." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS035.
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Il existe un décalage important entre le nombre de personnes contraintes à des soins et celui de psychothérapeutes spécialisés dans cette prise en charge. L’objectif de la loi est très clair : inciter aux soins dans le but de prévenir la récidive. Pour y parvenir, les facteurs de risque statiques et dynamiques devraient être considérés ce qui nécessite une formation spécialisée en criminologie. L’objectif de cette recherche est de mettre en évidence, d’une part les éléments principaux à évaluer avant toute prise en charge par thérapie comportementale et cognitive, et d’autre part à sélectionner des outils qui permettent une meilleure évaluation des auteurs de violence sexuelle sur enfants (AVSE).Méthode : un entretien semi-structuré a été développé pour obtenir une conceptualisation et une contextualisation générales des violences sexuelles sur les enfants. Cet entretien, associé à une évaluation des troubles mentaux et de personnalité, a été évalué auprès de 19 hommes condamnés par la justice française pour des crimes et délits commis à l’encontre de mineurs de moins de quinze ans. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons étudié la désirabilité sociale (DS) et les trois dimensions de la personnalité (extraversion, névrosisme et psychoticisme) dans ce même groupe d’AVSE. Dans la mesure où nous ne disposions pas de normes françaises à l’échelle de DS, nous avons étudié cette variable dans un groupe de 418 sujets issus de la population générale. Nous avons comparé les résultats des 19 AVSE avec ceux de deux groupes contrôles : des sujets violents (n=19) et non violents (n=19). Notre troisième étude nous a permis d’analyser l’activation de schémas précoces inadaptés (SPI) dans notre échantillon clinique et de comparer ces résultats à nos deux groupes contrôles.Résultats : la première étude nous a permis de définir les éléments importants à évaluer par tout professionnel du soin formé en thérapie comportementale et cognitive : les expériences d’adversité vécues pendant l’enfance, l’estime de soi, la sphère émotionnelle, l’assertivité, la sexualité normale, la vision négative passée de la conjointe et de la femme, le rapport à autrui, les théories implicites et les schémas cognitifs. L’étude de la DS en population générale nous a fourni des valeurs de référence de la version francophone de l’outil. Notre première hypothèse (les scores des AVSE à l’échelle de DS sont supérieurs à ceux des sujets non violents) est validée. Notre seconde hypothèse (les scores des AVSE à l’échelle de DS sont supérieurs à ceux de sujets violents) n’est pas validée. Concernant les SPI, notre première hypothèse (les AVSE ont des scores plus élevés à l’échelle que les sujets non violents) est validée et notre deuxième hypothèse (les AVSE obtiennent des scores plus élevés que les sujets non violents aux SPI surcontrôle émotionnel, isolement social, méfiance/abus, abandon/instabilité, assujetissement et imperfection/honte est validée partiellement.Discussion : la conceptualisation de la problématique de l’AVSE avant une prise en charge comprend les neuf éléments retenus à partir de l’analyse de contenu des entretiens. Nos trois études nous ont permis de préconiser également l’évaluation des besoins fondamentaux, des buts, des valeurs associés et les stratégies de résolution de problème. Une mesure de la qualité de vie serait un atout. Associés à ces variables, plusieurs outils d’évaluation se sont révélés pertinents : l’entretien structuré MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview pour évaluer les troubles mentaux, le Personnality Disorder Questionnaire 4+ pour évaluer les troubles de personnalité, l’échelle abrégée de désirabilité sociale forme C et le Young Schema Questionnaire-Short form 3 pour étudier les SPI. Nous recommandons l’Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised pour évaluer les trois dimensions de la personnalité et l’échelle auto-rapportée Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-III pour évaluer les quatre facettes de la psychopathieThere is an important gap between the number of people forced to get treatment and the number of psychotherapists specialized in this coverage. The objective of the law is very clear : incite to care in order to avoid a second offense. To be successful, the static and dynamic risk factors should be considered and it requires a specialist training in criminology. The objective of this research is to highlight, on one hand the main elements to be estimated before a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and on the other hand to select tools which allow a better evaluation of child sexual abusers.Method: a semi-structured interview was developed to obtain a general conceptualization and a contextualization of the sexual violence on the children. This interview, associated with an evaluation of the mental illness and personality disorder was estimated with 19 men condemned by the French justice for crimes and offence against minors of less than fifteen years old. In a second study, we studied the social desirability (SD) and three dimensions of the personality (neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism) in the same group of child sexual abusers. As we didn’t get the French standards on the scale of SD, we studied this variable in a group of 418 subjects stemming from the general population. We compared the results of 19 child sexual abusers with those of two control groups : violent people ( n=19 ) and not violent ( n=19 ). Our third study allowed us to analyze the activation of early maladaptive schema in our clinical sample and to compare these results with our two control groups.Results: the first study allowed us to define important elements to be estimated by every professional trained in behavioral and cognitive therapy : the experiments of adversity lived during the childhood, the self-esteem, the emotional sphere, the assertiveness, the normal sexuality, the negative vision of the spouses and the woman from the past, the relationship with others, the implicit theory and the cognitive schema. The study of SD in the general population gave us reference values of the French-speaking version of the tool. Our first hypothesis (the scores of the child sexual abusers on the scale of SD are superior to those of the not violent people) is validated. Our second hypothesis (the scores of the child sexual abusers are higher on the scale of SD than those of violent subjects) is not validated. Concerning the early maladaptive schemas, our first hypothesis (child sexual abusers have higher scores than non violents people) is validated. Our second hypothesis (child sexual abusers get higher scores than non-violent people to early maladaptive schemas : emotional inhibition, social isolation, mistrust/abuse, abandonment/instability, subjugation and defectiveness/shame is partly validated.Discussion: the conceptualization of the problem of child sexual abusers before a CBT includes nine elements that we chose to keep when we analysed the interviews. Our three studies also allowed us to recommend the evaluation of the fundamental needs, the goals, the associated values and the strategies of resolution of problem. Measuring the quality of life would be an advantage. Associated to these variables, several evaluation tools were efficient : the structured interview MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview to estimate the mental disorders, the Personnality Disorder Test 4 + to estimate the personality disorders, the shortened scale of social desirability C and the Young Schema Test-Short form 3 to study maladaptive schemas. We recommend the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised to estimate the three personality dimensions and the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-III to estimate the four facets of psychopathy
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González, Urbina Andrea, María Paz Gómez-Arízaga, and María Leonor Conejeros-Solar. "Characterization of Perfectionism in Gifted Students: an exploratory Case Study." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102000.
Full textAbstract:
Perfectionism has been investigated related to the consequences to mental health it might entail for gifted students and their socioemotional development. However, findings have been inconclusive. This exploratory study aims to discover the main characteristics of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism in gifted Chilean secondary students. For this purpose, extreme cases were found using Frost´s Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale to subsequently conduct semi-structured interviews with a sample of four students. Results pointed to parental and societal expectations as the main aspects involved in the development of perfectionism, which sheds light on how to support the manifestation of perfectionism both in educational and clinical realms.El perfeccionismo ha sido investigado en torno a las consecuencias que este podría significar para la salud mental de alumnos talentosos y su desarrollo socioemocional. Sin embargo, los hallazgos han sido poco concluyentes. Este estudio exploratorio apunta a descubrir las principales características del perfeccionismo adaptativo y desadaptativo en estudiantes chilenos académicamente talentosos de educación media. Para ello se detectaron casos extremos con la aplicación de la Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo de Frost, para luego realizar entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas en una muestra de cuatro casos. Los resultados apuntan a las expectativas parentales y sociales como los principales aspectos involucrados en el desarrollo del perfeccionismo, entregando así luces de cómo apoyar la manifestación del perfeccionismo en el ámbito educativo y clínico.
Apesar dos estudos sobre a cognição dos alunos com Altas Habilidades ser abrangente, investigar as questões sócioemocionais desse grupo se faz necessário. Uma das vertentes que vem sendo estudada é o perfeccionismo, pois apresenta significado para saúde mental e desenvolvimento desse grupo de pessoas. Contudo, as descobertas ainda são pouco conclusivas. Este estudo exploratório visa descobrir as principais características do perfeccionismo adaptativo e mal adaptativo em estudantes chilenos academicamente talentosos do Ensino Médio – 1º a 3º / Ensino Fundamental – 5º-9º através da Escala Multidimensional de Frost. Para isso, detectou-se casos extremos com a aplicação desse modelo e na sequência do trabalho foram realizadas entrevistas com profundidade em uma amostra de quatro casos. Os resultados apontam para as expectativas sociais e familiares como os principais aspectos envolvidos no desenvolvimento do perfeccionismo, tanto no âmbito educativo quanto no clínico.
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Schulte, Fiona S. M. "Adaptive and maladaptive aspects of dependency /." 2003. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss&rft%5Fval%5Ffmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss:MQ99384.
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Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2003. Graduate Programme in Psychology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-63). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL:http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss&rft%5Fval%5Ffmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss:MQ99384
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Liu, Mei Chen, and 劉美辰. "Early Maladaptive Schemas and Interpersonal Schema in Female with Binge Eating Behavior Tendencies." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89251697525675880635.
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Jílková, Eva. "Adaptive Similarity of XML Data." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-323038.
Full textAbstract:
In the present work we explore application of XML schema mapping in conceptual modeling of XML schemas. We expand upon the previous efforts to map XML schemas to PIM schema via a decision tree. In this thesis more versatile method is implemented - the decision tree is trained from a large set of user- annotated mapping decision samples. Several variations of training that could improve the mapping results are proposed. The approach is evaluated in a wide range of experiments that show the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed variations of training. The work also contains a survey of different approaches to schema mapping and description of schema used in this work. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Butler, Sydney Louw. "Adaptive or maladaptive : exploring adolescents' responses to on-line persuasion attempts." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10369.
Full textAbstract:
Technology is changing the structure and dynamics of how humans communicate. Channels of
communication are also used for attempts at persuasion, but until now persuasion that (if accepted)
would promote the adoption of misinformation could not spread as readily through historical information
channels. With the advent of the Internet and World Wide Web this has changed dramatically.
In this dissertation it is argued that modern digital communication media such as YouTube,
in confluence with what theories of persuasion have to say about how humans deal with persuasion,
may create a situation in which misinformation may spread and be accepted on a large scale. The
research in this dissertation explores this notion by presenting a group of 120 adolescents who are
familiar with the Web with such a misinforming persuasive message. The purpose of which is to determine
whether they accept the misinformation presented in the Web-context or are sceptical of it.
Different manipulations were done to the persuasive message, known to increase the likelihood of
persuasion. The research found that, for this group of participants, no attempt to increase uncritical
acceptance of a persuasive message made a statistical difference between different groupings of
participants. When intended behaviour was measured in addition to attitude towards the misinformation,
participants were even less persuaded. The results are interesting as a starting point for further
study, but its generalizability and certain design features must be called into questionPsychology
M.A. (Psychology)
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Hahn, Cornelia Su-Heng. "JNK activation and shear stress implications for adaptive and maladaptive signaling /." 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1801444011&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=3507&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Deveau, Stephanie A. "The Role of Parenting Style, Maladaptive Schemas, and Experiential Avoidance in Predicting Disordered Eating." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/7282.
Full textAbstract:
Harsh and punitive parenting styles have been historically associated with the development of eating pathology. More recently, early maladaptive schemas and experiential avoidance have also been implicated in disordered eating. Maladaptive schemas are cognitive scripts that are theorized to be learned within maladaptive environments and repeated throughout an individual’s life. Experiential avoidance involves a tendency to avoid negative emotional experiences through maladaptive strategies. Both maladaptive schemas and experiential avoidance have been implicated in the development of many psychological issues, including eating pathology. The current study attempts to bridge these bodies of literature to develop a model in which cognitive and emotional processes relate to perceived maladaptive parenting styles and the development of eating pathology.
Two studies are presented within the current dissertation. The first is a survey based quantitative study that assesses the influence of perceived authoritarian parenting style on the development of binge and restrictive eating pathology. This study examines the mediating role of maladaptive schemas and the moderating role of experiential avoidance. Results of the study demonstrate that specific maladaptive schemas (i.e., mistrust/abuse, emotional deprivation, and defectiveness/shame) mediate the relation between perceived authoritarian parenting and restrictive eating, particularly for those participants with higher levels of experiential avoidance. A different set of maladaptive schemas (i.e., defectiveness/shame, subjugation, and insufficient self-control/self-discipline) was found to significantly mediate the relation between perceived authoritarian parenting and binge eating pathology. Within this model however, low levels of experiential avoidance did not mitigate the effects of maladaptive schemas on the development of binge eating. Using a thematically driven exploratory qualitative analysis in the second study, similar themes were observed in a series of interviews, highlighting the influence of parenting style, participant characteristics, and specific food/weight related issues in the development of disordered eating. New and interesting themes not addressed within Study 1 emerged, providing insight relevant to future clinical and theoretical work. The results of both studies emphasize the role of particular cognitive and emotional factors in the development of different forms of eating pathology. Implications for theory and clinical practice are discussed.