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1
Kante, Aboubacar Sidiki. Gestion des ressources humaines au Mali: Méthodes et outils adaptés au contexte. Bamako: La Sahélienne, 2020.
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2
Slaats, Herman. Traditional decision-making and law: Institutions and processes in an Indonesian context. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1992.
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3
Charlotte, Plante, and Québec (Province). Conseil supérieur de l'éducation. Comité catholique., eds. L'Enseignement moral et religieux catholique au secondaire pour un enseignement mieux adapté aux jeunes et aux contextes actuels: Avis au ministre de l'Éducation. Sainte-Foy, Québec: [Conseil supérieur de l'éducation, Direction des communications], 1991.
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4
Québec (Province). Conseil supérieur de l'éducation. Comité catholique. L'enseignement moral et religieux catholique au primaire: Pour un enseignement mieux adapté aux jeunes et aux contextes actuels : avis au ministre de l'Éducation. Sainte-Foy, Québec: Direction des communications du Conseil supérieur de l'éducation, 1994.
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5
Cattanei, Elisabetta, and Stefano Maso. Paradeigmata voluntatis All’origine della concezione moderna di volontà. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-583-4.
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‘Will’ descends, etymologically, from voluntas. However, in the meaning of voluntas it is no longer possible to grasp the terminological plurivocity present in the Greek language. Consequently, the theory of action, which Aristotle and Greek thought in general had extensively dealt with, in the Roman context has adapted to a simplified conceptual framework. The essays collected here have allowed us to focus on a brand new articulated paradigm. Within it, we find a renewed concept of ‘will’: the voluntas which is explained in the modern interpretation of the ‘voluntary act’, and ‘voluntarism’ tout-court.
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Pelke, Eberhard, and Eugen Brühwiler, eds. Engineering History and Heritage Structures – Viewpoints and Approaches. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed015.
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The present Structural Engineering Document (SED) is a compilation of contributions devoted to the vast topic of history of structural engineering as well as interventions on heritage structures and structures of high cultural values. Various, some-times opposed, viewpoints and approaches are expressed and presented. The rather heterogeneous and controversial nature of the content of this SED shall stimulate lively discus-sions within the structural engineering community who needs to increase the awareness of historical and cultural aspects of structures and structural engineering. Current structural engineering methods and practice are only at the very begin-ning of effective engineering, really integrating historical and cultural aspects in the assessment of existing structures and in intervention projects to adapt or modify structures of cultural values for future demands. Knowing the past is indispensable for modern structural engineering!
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Lawless, Una. A curriculum development experiment based on Kodály's teaching methods, adapted and modified for use in the Northern Ireland school context, for 8-11 year old pupils, using irish folk-song as teaching material. [s.l: The Author], 1997.
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8
Bulmer, Elliot. Démocratie Locale. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.18.
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La série des Guides introductifs à l’élaboration d’une constitution d’IDEA International vise à assister l’élaboration ou la révision des constitutions, en aidant les citoyens, les partis politiques, les organisations de la société civile, les représentants et les membres des assemblées constituantes à prendre des décisions avisées dans ce domaine. Ces Guides introductifs donnent également des conseils au personnel des organisations internationales ainsi qu’aux autres acteurs extérieurs qui cherchent à fournir aux décideurs locaux un soutien technique adapté au contexte et étayé par des informations fiables. Chacun d’entre eux est conçu comme une introduction à l’intention de lecteurs non spécialistes, et constitue un aide-mémoire pratique pour les personnes disposant de connaissances ou d’une expérience préalable en matière d’élaboration d’une constitution. Les Guides introductifs, organisés par thématique en fonction des choix concrets que doivent faire les personnes responsables de l’élaboration ou de la révision d’une constitution, visent à expliquer des enjeux constitutionnels complexes de manière simple et brève.
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Bulmer, Elliot. Pouvoirs d'urgence : Guide introductif à l’élaboration d’une constitution nº 8. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.22.
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La série des Guides introductifs à l’élaboration d’une constitution d’IDEA International vise à assister l’élaboration ou la révision des constitutions, en aidant les citoyens, les partis politiques, les organisations de la société civile, les représentants et les membres des assemblées constituantes à prendre des décisions avisées dans ce domaine. Ces Guides introductifs donnent également des conseils au personnel des organisations internationales ainsi qu’aux autres acteurs extérieurs qui cherchent à fournir aux décideurs locaux un soutien technique adapté au contexte et étayé par des informations fiables. Chacun d’entre eux est conçu comme une introduction à l’intention de lecteurs non spécialistes, et constitue un aide-mémoire pratique pour les personnes disposant de connaissances ou d’une expérience préalable en matière d’élaboration d’une constitution. Les Guides introductifs, organisés par thématique en fonction des choix concrets que doivent faire les personnes responsables de l’élaboration ou de la révision d’une constitution, visent à expliquer des enjeux constitutionnels complexes de manière simple et brève.
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Bulmer, Elliot. Le pouvoir de veto présidentiel: Guide introductif à l’élaboration d’une constitution nº 14. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.14.
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La série des Guides introductifs à l’élaboration d’une constitution d’IDEA International vise à assister l’élaboration ou la révision des constitutions, en aidant les citoyens, les partis politiques, les organisations de la société civile, les représentants et les membres des assemblées constituantes à prendre des décisions avisées dans ce domaine. Ces Guides introductifs donnent également des conseils au personnel des organisations internationales ainsi qu’aux autres acteurs extérieurs qui cherchent à fournir aux décideurs locaux un soutien technique adapté au contexte et étayé par des informations fiables. Chacun d’entre eux est conçu comme une introduction à l’intention de lecteurs non spécialistes, et constitue un aide-mémoire pratique pour les personnes disposant de connaissances ou d’une expérience préalable en matière d’élaboration d’une constitution. Les Guides introductifs, organisés par thématique en fonction des choix concrets que doivent faire les personnes responsables de l’élaboration ou de la révision d’une constitution, visent à expliquer des enjeux constitutionnels complexes de manière simple et brève.
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Abboud, Victoria M. Tech Adapt: Emerging Technologies and Canadian Professional Contexts. eCampusOntario Open Authoring Platform, 2022.
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12
Moses, Jonathon W., and Bjørn Letnes. The Norwegian Context. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787174.003.0003.
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This is the second chapter to deal with non-transferable aspects of the Norwegian experience. The chapter provides the broader Norwegian political context into which oil was inserted, that is, a democratic Rechtsstaat with a relatively developed economy where oil was discovered immediately prior to the 1970s’ oil crisis. In particular, the chapter relates a short history of Norway’s experience with natural resource management (including the development of a concessionary system to regulate ownership of the hydroelectric industry) and introduces some of the most important institutional features in the Norwegian economy—as these features allow Norway to adapt quickly to economic shocks—for example, strong traditions with parliamentary democracy, economic management, the labor movement, corporatist bargaining arrangements, and so on.
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González Castro, Felipe, Tara G. Bautista, Maria Isabel Hombrados Mendieta, Sandra Oviedo Ramirez, Nazanin M. Heydarian, and Allyson S. Hughes. Systems Contexts for Designing Culturally Adapted Prevention Interventions. Edited by Seth J. Schwartz and Jennifer Unger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215217.013.29.
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In the field of prevention science, evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are validated intervention programs “that work” in preventing targeted social or health problems. This chapter reviews fundamental aspects of EBIs and their mechanisms of effect. It offers considerations and steps for conducting culturally relevant modifications of an original EBI. Such modifications can incorporate one or more cultural factors for making the adapted EBI more culturally relevant. The chapter uses a general systems perspective to examine multilevel influences on the well-being of Hispanic and other international migrant populations. These influences include the process of acculturation, cultural stress, changing family dynamics, and challenging social conditions. Each of several factors can be considered in the design and development of an adapted EBI that exhibits both cultural fit and scientifically based effectiveness. A summary of key issues, future direction, and emerging principles and guidelines for cultural adaptation is also presented.
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Le droit international humanitaire adapte au contexte des operations de maintien de l'ordre. [S.l: s.n., 1996.
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15
Empson, Laura. Leadership Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744788.003.0003.
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This chapter explains in detail how leadership actually happens in a professional organization. The concept of plural leadership emphasizes that leadership is something that happens between people and is therefore co-constructed through interaction. This chapter develops a model of plural leadership dynamics, which emphasizes how leadership is fluid and unstable, changing and adapting as the relations between professionals change and adapt. Leadership dynamics in this context encompasses three microdynamics: ‘legitimizing’, ‘negotiating’, and ‘manoeuvring’. In other words, the model demonstrates how leadership in professional organizations is the result of a complex and highly nuanced set of interactions among peers, rather than a simpler, more transactional exchange between leaders and followers. In professional organizations, leadership represents an unstable equilibrium—it changes and adapts as relations between professionals change and adapt. The leaders who misjudge the subtleties of these interactions will quickly discover that nobody has to ‘follow’ them.
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Tenhunen, Sirpa. Theorizing Phone Use Contexts and Mediation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630270.003.0002.
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Chapter 2 develops a theoretical framework to understand the appropriation of mobile telephony in Janta as myriad fluctuating contexts, networks, and spheres of life extending outside the village. This chapter presents the book’s theoretical contribution to debates on social change and new media use, drawing from the following paradigms and concepts: domestication, polymedia, remediation, and mediatization/mediation. The book and the domestication paradigm share an interest in exploring how technology is adapted to everyday life and how it contributes to changes in everyday life through negotiation and social interaction. Different from the domestication approach, mobile phone use is explored in various contexts and in relation to face-to-face communicative contexts. Unlike studies utilizing the polymedia concept and mediatization scholarship, the book explores an environment where media use remains tangential because of economic and social barriers. The analytical framework highlights the relationships between mobile phone–mediated conversations and other speech contexts and media.
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Hayes, Tommy. Music Therapy in the Context of the Special School. Edited by Jane Edwards. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639755.013.51.
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Music therapy in special education aims to address the learning goals for students with disabilities in group or individual sessions. Music therapy practice has a long history of service within special education, and has a developing evidence base to support the benefits of music therapy. This chapter describes how music therapy is included within a special school setting which provides education services to students with disabilities. Music therapists work alongside allied health and education professionals to assist students to achieve learning targets in areas of communication, social, emotional, cognitive, and physical development. Planning and evaluation are important in order to chart progress and adapt programmes to ensure they are optimizing outcomes for participants.
18
Baca, Quentin Joseph. Adaptor proteins regulate cellular functions in the context of a dynamic membrane interface. 2010.
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19
Scanlon, Thomas F., and Alison Futrell, eds. The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.001.0001.
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This work presents current approaches and new avenues of enquiry into ancient sport and spectacle. It discusses historical perspectives, contest forms, contest-related texts, civic and social aspects, and use and meaning of the individual body. Greek and Roman topics are interwoven under each heading to simulate contest-like tensions and complementarities, juxtaposing, for example, violence in Greek athletics and in Roman gladiatorial events, Greek and Roman chariot events, architectural frameworks for contests and games in the two cultures, and contrasting views of religion, bodily regimens, and judicial classification related to both cultures. It examines the social contexts of games, namely the evolution of sport and spectacle diachronically and geographically across cultural and political boundaries, and how games are adapted to multiple contexts and multiple purposes, reinforcing, for example, social hierarchies, performing shared values, and playing out deep cultural tensions. The work also pays some attention to other directing forces in the ancient Mediterranean (e.g. Bronze Age Egypt and the Near East; Etruria; and early Christianity). The volume addresses important themes common to antiquity and modern society, such as issues of class, gender, health, and the popular culture of the modern Olympics, and gladiators in cinema. It presents contests and spectacles as venues of connection and as opportunities for the negotiation of status and the exchange of value, broadly for example how early panhellenic sanctuaries responded to economic stakeholders, and how groups and individuals in the later Roman empire forged social and political links through the circus events.
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Salin, Sandra, and Cathy Hampton, eds. Innovative language teaching and learning at university: facilitating transition from and to higher education. Research-publishing.net, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2022.56.9782490057986.
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Modern languages have always been about transition – as practitioners, we challenge our students constantly to move between their own cultural and linguistic reference points and those of others. Our dynamic, interactive teaching methodologies have had to adapt to the pandemic context, necessitating the interrogation of past practice and transition to new approaches. This volume presents case studies showcasing practical initiatives to promote creative, dialogic learning in the fluid contexts that modern foreign language students are currently experiencing as they transition to higher education post-Covid and to residence abroad post-Brexit, between online and face-to-face learning spaces and between machine- and person-centred learning.
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Föllmer, Moritz, and Pamela E. Swett, eds. Reshaping Capitalism in Weimar and Nazi Germany. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108985192.
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In Weimar and Nazi Germany, capitalism was hotly contested, discreetly practiced, and politically regulated. This volume shows how it adapted to fit a nation undergoing drastic changes following World War I. Through wide-ranging cultural histories, a transatlantic cast of historians probes the ways contemporaries debated, concealed, promoted, and racialized capitalism. They show how bankers and industrialists, storeowners and commercial designers, intellectuals and politicians reshaped a controversial economic order at a time of fundamental uncertainty and drastic rupture. The book thus sheds fresh light on the strategies used by Hitler and his followers to gain and maintain widespread support. The authors conclude that National Socialism succeeded in mobilizing capitalism's energies while at the same time claiming to have overcome a system they identified with pernicious Jewish influences. In so doing, the volume also speaks to the broader issue of how capitalism can adapt to new times.
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Blessinger, Patrick, Mandla Makhanya, and Jaimie Hoffman. Contexts for Diversity and Gender Identities in Higher Education: International Perspectives on Equity and Inclusion. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2018.
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Contexts for Diversity and Gender Identities in Higher Education: International Perspectives on Equity and Inclusion. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2018.
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24
Rosier, Paul C. Surviving in the Twentieth Century, 1890–1960. Edited by Frederick E. Hoxie. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858897.013.6.
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This chapter highlights a generation of historical scholarship that has contested prevailing notions of American Indians as a passive minority group unable and unwilling to adapt to Western “progress.” Such notions persisted into the late twentieth century, finding expression in narratives that ignored the cultural and social heterogeneity of an increasingly urban Native American population, whose sophistication in resisting coercive federal assimilation programs such as termination developed within the context of Cold War politics and decolonization. As they struggled to defend their homelands and way of life, American Indians drew heavily on their cultural traditions, history of treaty making with the United States, and wartime sacrifices to assert themselves in modern America, as citizens of the United States and of indigenous nations.
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Birken, Sarah A., Erin E. Hahn, Yan Yu, Emily Haines, Deborah K. Mayer, and Brian Mittman. The Challenge of Implementing Survivorship Care Plans. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0028.
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This case study examines the challenge of implementing survivorship care plans (SCPs), which are intended to document cancer treatment, make recommendations for future care, and facilitate cancer survivors’ care transitions. It describes SCPs’ policy context and offers as a case study the SCP implementation experiences of a university-based hospital and an integrated delivery system. It recommends implementation science as a next step in developing more definitive evidence of SCPs’ effectiveness, which is determined in part by implementation. It also describes promising SCP implementation studies that take into account stakeholders’ perspectives on SCP implementation and plan to leverage findings for future studies in which implementation is examined as a determinant of SCP effectiveness. It recommends future research that uses stakeholder perspectives to develop systems for SCP implementation, adapts SCPs to fit cancer programs’ unique contexts, and investigates the implementation of survivorship care programs of which SCPs are just one component.
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Montalvo Castro, Alberto, Yenny Paola Sierra Bonilla, Edgar Balaguera Ascencio, Jairo Andrés Coral Campaña, Yaneyda Zulay Longas Flórez, José Hermes Martínez Saavedra, Fredy Yesid Arenas Torres, et al. Experiencias de éxito en la transición de lo presencial a lo remoto en la educación superior. Edited by Fredy Ramón Garay Garay. Editorial Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14718/9789585133846.2021.
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En este libro, el lector encontrará las experiencias de éxito de las universidades pertenecientes a la Red de Departamentos de Ciencias Básicas, donde se narran las dinámicas de adaptación, transformación y, sobre todo, de buenas prácticas por parte del sistema educativo superior en torno a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las ciencias básicas en el contexto de la pandemia. Los capítulos que estructuran este libro no son solo relatos de éxito; todo lo contrario, son experiencias de investigación en educación superior sobre cómo el sistema educativo se adapta, se transforma y a partir de ello enriquece los contextos, siempre en busca de cumplir los objetivos de formar profesionales con competencias científicas e investigativas para enfrentar situaciones problémicas no vividas, impensadas, e inimaginadas, como lo fue la pandemia causada por la propagación mundial del COVID-19.
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de Bruyn, Theodore. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687886.003.0001.
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The Introduction explains the motivation for the book and introduces the questions it addresses. It describes the manuals and incantations that have survived from the Graeco-Roman world, and outlines how textual amulets changed in an increasingly Christian context. It discusses the individuality that scribes of amulets with Christian elements brought to the practice, both in how they worked with customary and Christian traditions and in the way they wrote their incantations. It argues that Christian rituals or ritualizing behaviour supplied resources that writers of amulets adopted and adapted in diverse ways. The Introduction outlines the contents of the book, and explains its use of the terms ‘incantation’ and ‘amulet’.
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Nelson, Rebecca, and Richard Coe. Agroecological Intensification of Smallholder Farming. Edited by Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.006.
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The smallholder farmers who cultivate many of the planet’s diverse production systems are faced with numerous challenges, including poverty, shrinking farm sizes, degrading natural resources, and climate variability and change. Efforts to improve the performance of smallholder farming systems focus on improving access to input and output markets, improving farm resource use efficiency, and improving resources invested in smallholder farming. In order to support market-oriented production and self-provisioning, there is a need for greater focus on agroecological intensification (AEI) of smallholder production systems. This chapter provides an overview of some of the research frontiers supporting AEI. Market-oriented and agroecological approaches may or may not conflict, and more effort should be made to ensure that they are mutually reinforcing. To be reliable, value chains must be founded on sound production ecology. Agroecological options may be limited if farmers cannot participate in markets that support investment in the intensification and diversification of these systems. Because options must be adapted to farmers’ heterogeneous and dynamic contexts, successful AEI will require that specifics be optimized locally. Researchers must therefore understand and communicate relevant agroecological principles, and farmers and intermediaries must develop their capacity to adapt the principles to local needs and realities.
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Hayes, Gillian R. Design, Action, and Practice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733249.003.0010.
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Action research (AR) is an approach to research that involves engaging with a community to address some problem or challenge, and through this problem-solving, to develop scholarly knowledge. AR is not a method, nor even a suite of methods, but a perspective that makes use of a wide variety of methods. AR is explicitly democratic, collaborative, and interdisciplinary. It focuses on highly contextualized, localized solutions with a greater emphasis on transferability than generalizability. In other words, scholars and community partners work together to develop and learn from solutions that work in a single context; in addition, they collect data that will enable these solutions to be adapted or transferred to other contexts. Most importantly, AR claims that the intervention, the learning, and the doing and knowing cannot be disentangled.
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Rushton, Cynda Hylton. The Many Faces of Resilience. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190619268.003.0006.
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Resilience allows some clinicians to navigate the inevitable ethical challenges and moral suffering they face without the despair and hopelessness that others experience. It is the ability to withstand, adapt, recover or grow in response to adversity, trauma, or stress. It presumes that humans have an innate resilient potential that can be influenced and includes a process that unfolds in response to diverse types of adversity. Resilience is a multifaceted construct that has been applied in various contexts, including neurobiology, psychology, social ecology, and clinical practice. This chapter examines each of these contexts and highlights their implications for conceptualizing moral resilience.
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McDougal, Topher L. How Production Networks Adapted to Civil War in Liberia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792598.003.0003.
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This chapter argues that firms in Liberia during the civil wars increasingly came to rely upon highly dispersed networks of traders to source from, and distribute to, rural hinterlands. Industrial manufacturing firms in Liberia shed important light on the structure of production networks in violent conflict. They serve as important nodes in the value-adding process that supply and distribution networks hook into, and their managers therefore have unique opportunities to observe the ways these networks adapt to, and traverse, the shifting combat frontier. In the broader context of this book, this case study then provides qualitative evidence for the claim that rural–urban trade networks in Liberia begin to exhibit exaggerated radial patterns, characterized increasingly by important urban hubs and limited importance of second-tier cities.
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Spahn, Michael, Julian Dax, Fahri Yetim, and Volkmar Pipek. Enabling Users of Enterprise Systems to Mash Up Resources and Develop Widgets. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733249.003.0014.
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Companies operating in a dynamic environment need to continuously adapt their information systems to changing business processes and associated information needs. Viewed from a microperspective, business users are managing and executing business processes with standard enterprise resource planning systems (ERPs) based on service-oriented architectures on a daily basis but are often not able to adapt the software they use to their individual needs and working practices. This chapter presents the development and evaluation of a prototypic environment that enables users to create enterprise widgets, such as enterprise mash-ups, with tailorability (i.e., they can be tailored to the users’ personal information needs), without the users needing programming knowledge. This environment allows the mashing up of enterprise resources via a lightweight visual-design technique. The evaluation of the prototype in business contexts indicates its usefulness and usability.
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Castillo Bernal, María Pilar, and Marta Estévez Grossi, eds. Translation, Mediation and Accessibility for Linguistic Minorities. Frank & Timme, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26530/20.500.12657/54058.
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Linguistic minorities are everywhere, and they are diverse. In this context, linguistic mediation activities – whether translation or interpreting – are key to the social inclusion of any kind of linguistic minority. In most societies autochthonous linguistic minorities coexist with foreignspeaking minorities and people with (or without) disabilities who rely linguistically or medially adapted on texts to access information. The present volume draws on this broad understanding of the concept of linguistic minorities to explore some of the newest developments in the field of translation studies and linguistics. The articles are structured around three main axes: • accessibility of content, especially audiovisual translation • intralingual translation, including initiatives regarding plain language, easy-to-read and easy language • mediation for minorities in a broader sense and language ideologies.
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Parker, Martin. Scripts. University of Edinburgh, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ed.9781836450535.
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Scripts is a suite of four concert pieces that can work as a collection of short compositions in their own right or be played amongst other pieces in programmes of extreme and physically taxing music. At the heart of the piece is a real-time sound processing tool that applies sampling and DSP to each instrument individually and in highly varied ways. This tool responds to sound very directly; incoming audio pushes through a landscape of shifting parameters that reconfigure themselves with each note played. As such, the piece is very responsive. All sound spatialisation is ambisonic and can therefore be adapted to any sound system from headphones (for individual rehearsal) up to 16 channels. Scores for the pieces are very simply structured with minimal detail pertaining to what exactly should be played. The scores give scope for the players to adapt their performance to the context of the concert. It is this openness to adaptation that gives the piece its name. Players are asked to interpret their instructions and adjust their playing to the sonic context created by the computer processing, rather like the way actors use a script as the starting point for a performance (Cook, 2014). This means that a very deliberate and carefully formed concept for a piece can exhibit different qualities, colours and player response each time it is performed. The examples submitted show three Scripts alternating between parts of Michael Edwards’s piece for saxophone quartet called Hyperboles 3. Edwards’ piece is long and slow, and Parker identified moments in the piece where the Scripts could be used to change pace, position and concentration. They were configured to work seamlessly between parts of Edwards’s work, yet are distinctly different in approach and concept.
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Salama, Mohamed, ed. Event Project Management. Goodfellow Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/9781911635734-4390.
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A unique lens for studying event project management in the era of sustainability, digital transformation, smart cities and rapid development in technology. It discusses and explains how to manage events utilising the sustainable project management model adapted to the specific context of event management.
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Ramsden, Edmund. Science and Medicine in the United States of America. Edited by Mark Jackson. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546497.013.0013.
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This article begins with great optimism expressed by Tocqueville for America's future as the embodiment of the democratic state. It discusses the opportunity to express the liberal political ideals, arguing that its success was based on a community of common sensibility. An understanding of society and politics endowed the historian with the power to help remake health care. This article explores and compares the ways in which medicine is developed and applied in a number of different social, cultural, and physical contexts. It shows rapid growth, from a period in which European ideas, methods, and structures were adapted to the American context, to one in which the United States is at the forefront of large-scale initiatives in public health, disease control, and innovation in the biomedical sciences. Finally, it mentions the contradiction, most notably between profound faith in the technical capacities of medical science and equally profound dissatisfaction with the provision of health care.
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Aase, Tor H., ed. Climate Change and the Future of Himalayan Farming. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199475476.001.0001.
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The book asks to what extent Himalayan farmers and their institutions are prepared to face a future when external production conditions change. Because farming is particularly sensitive to climate, the main aim here is to relate present farming practices to projected future climate changes. Intensive, coordinated studies of six farming communities along the Himalayan range, from China in the east to Pakistan in the west, focus on their potentiality to adapt to climate changes that are projected for 2030, 2050, and 2100. But since climate projections are just projections, and since the context of farming is wider than just climate, the book also asks about farmers’ capacity to adapt to uncertainty in general. For that purpose, theories of ‘flexibility’ that have been applied in ecology, economics, and management science are accommodated to the present topic of farming systems. The assertion is that farmers and farming systems that are flexible are best prepared to face a future of climate change and other uncertainties.
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Spector, Regine A. Order at the Bazaar. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501709326.001.0001.
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Over the past two decades, bazaars mushroomed in the new Central Asian states, where rule-of-law institutions are weak and corruption high. How did bazaars grow and thrive in such an inhospitable context? Order at the Bazaar answers this question through an analysis of bazaars in Kyrgyzstan. They are conceptualized as islands of order within a chaotic national context. The findings demonstrate that those at the bazaar, including traders, private land owners, and municipal officials, create order themselves in the absence of a coherent national government apparatus and bureaucratic state. Drawing on original interviews, archival sources, and participant observation, the book illuminates the changing meanings and practices of older traders at bazaars, including the ways in which they adapted Soviet and pre-Soviet institutions and organizational forms to a new market setting. In these settings, they deliberated and advocated for favorable policies and conditions, mediated disputes, channelled information, and served as role models for traders. The findings have relevance beyond the bazaars and borders of this small country; they illuminate how economic activity can operate in weak rule-of-law contexts, and more specifically how a variety of organizational forms come to constitute the order that underpins new market economies.
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Pérez Encinas, Adriana, and Eva M. De la Torre, eds. Erasmus Skills. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/9788483447802.
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Students participating in mobility experiences need to constantly adapt to new circumstances, not only during the experience itself, but also before leaving and after returning to their home country. They change their lifestyle, get acquainted with other cultural forms and, in some cases, they even change habits and attitudes to adapt to the new host culture. In this scenario, the different sources of support for students are of great added-value, e.g. family, friends, classmates, as well as the receiving institution – higher education institutions (HEIs) in our case. The supporting role of HEIs in the process of sending students abroad could go beyond the administrative dimension of it. A way of doing that is by offering a provision of support services on the acknowledgment and maximisation of their learning process and acquired competences (understood as a combination of knowledge, skills and attitudes – see Boyatzis, 1982; or Council of Europe, 2018) gained during their adaptation to a new international context. In this way, HEIs could increase the impact of such mobility experiences on students’ professional and personal development.
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Simpson, Andrew R. C. The Scottish Common Law. Edited by Heikki Pihlajamäki, Markus D. Dubber, and Mark Godfrey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198785521.013.51.
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Twelfth-century Scottish monarchs laid the foundations of the medieval Scottish common law. This chapter begins by exploring the political context from which that common law emerged. It then considers the various legal tools, courts, and procedures that were created by twelfth- and early thirteenth-century monarchs to deliver royal justice. Subsequently the chapter explores how later monarchs adapted the institutions laid down by their predecessors to develop the common law of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries. Particular reference is made to the brieves, many of which were inspired in their content by near-contemporary English writs. The extent to which these ‘brieves’ furnished litigants with truly ‘common’ mechanisms for the enforcement of claims across the Scottish kingdom is currently debated, as is explained in this chapter. Finally, brief reference is made to the transformation of the common law in light of Romano-canonical learning during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
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New, Tim R. Insect behavior in conservation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797500.003.0022.
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Some of the many ways in which understanding insect behavior can contribute to the conservation of threatened insect species, and complement the more widely acknowledged base of ecological knowledge, are outlined in a variety of different contexts to exemplify their importance and roles. Patterns of resource use by insects and their adaptability to environmental changes range from highly specific and non-flexible to the ability to adapt more readily, with many species of highest conservation concern linked with specializations that restrict their potential to change. Practical contexts discussed briefly include the discovery and use of resources, the problems of monitoring and assessing conservation priority and need, the options available as environments are changed, the difficulties of behavioral studies on rare and localized species, how behavior may link with vulnerability, and the integration of behavioral intricacies with insect conservation practice, helping to educate and encourage interest in this discipline.
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Morgan, Jonathan. Torts and Technology. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.23.
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This chapter discusses tort law and how it applies to the risks posed by emerging technology. Tort law’s role here is significant. But how does tort adapt to injuries caused by technological innovations, and how should it react? With the increasing pace of technological advances, are the inherited conceptual structures of tort law sufficiently adaptable to both current and yet-unknown developments, or are novel statutory solutions required? We must also ask if tort liability is ultimately able to reconcile the competing demands of compensation, deterrence, and innovation. These questions are considered in various contexts including product liability, internet speech, and the prospect of ‘driverless cars’.
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Morris-Iveson, Leslie, and St John Day, eds. Resilience of Water Supply in Practice: Experiences from the Frontline. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789061628.
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Water Resilience in Practice is co-edited by two experienced water sector professionals and reviews resilience in water supply service delivery in the form of a series of case studies from different economic contexts – ranging from low-income and fragile states to upper-income countries. It documents real experiences and reflects on the initiatives different service providers apply to strengthen resilience in practice. It describes how service providers respond, adapt, innovate and learn on an ongoing basis, and how they endeavour to meet challenges and provide water supply to users equitably and sustainably. In recent years climate resilience in water supply has been a new emerging paradigm. In response it is helpful to document and record some up-to-date experiences, which can be consolidated in one place. However, it is also necessary to recognise the multiple pressures that water resources face, such as: population growth, increased water demands, existing climatic variability as well as climate change. These pressures are having a profound impact on water supply service delivery. In this context service providers and development professionals must take active measures to respond to these risks. This book is primarily addressed to organisations and practitioners involved in planning, designing, managing and financing water supply programmes in urban and rural settings. ISBN: 9781789061611 (paperback) ISBN: 9781789061628 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789061635 (ePub)
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HO, Lusina. Contract Formation in Hong Kong. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808114.003.0010.
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This chapter examines the law on contract formation in Hong Kong which is closely modelled on the English common law but adapts the English solutions to the local context if and when required. The test for ascertaining the parties’ meeting of the minds is objective, the agreement (an offer with a matching acceptance) must be certain, complete, and made with the intention to create legal relations—the latter being presumed to be present in a commercial context and absent in a familial or social context. Offers are freely revocable although the reliance of the offeree is protected in exceptional circumstances. Acceptances become effective as soon as they are dispatched. In the ‘battle of forms’ scenario, the Hong Kong courts follow the traditional ‘last-shot’ rule. There is no general duty to negotiate in good faith, and even agreements to negotiate in good faith are normally unenforceable for lack of certainty. As a general rule, contracts can be validly made without adhering to any formal requirement. Online contracts will normally be valid and enforceable; the formation of such contracts is governed by common law as supplemented by legislation.
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Klingler-Vidra, Robyn. The Venture Capital State. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501723377.001.0001.
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The Venture Capital State investigates the diffusion of the globally acclaimed Silicon Valley venture capital (VC) policy model. The spread of this model has been ubiquitous, with at least 45 states across a range of countries, in terms of geography, culture, and size, attempting to build local VC markets. In contrast to the transcendent exuberance for VC, policymakers in each and every state have implemented a distinct set of policies. Even states of similar population and economic sizes that are geographically and culturally proximate, and at comparable levels of industrialization, have not implemented similar policies. This book explains why: policymakers are “contextually rational” in their learning; their context-rooted norms shape preferences, underpinning their distinct valuations of studied models. The normative context of those learning about the policy – how they see themselves and what they deem as locally appropriate – informs their design. Findings are based upon deep investigations of VC policymaking in an East Asian cluster of states: Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore. These states’ VC successes reflects their ability to effectively adapt the highly-lauded model for their local context, not their policymakers’ approximation of the Silicon Valley policy model.
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Cook, Nicholas. Creative in a different sort of way. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199347803.003.0004.
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This final chapter of Music as Creative Practice addresses a variety of contexts that shape practices of creative music-making. Topics include the prodigy phenomenon from Mozart to Michael Jackson; long-term relationships of creative intimacy, with a case study of Elgar; the teaching of creative performance, including issues of the relationship between tacit and explicit knowledge; the application of ideas of originality and innovation to music, leading to a critical analysis of copyright in music; and repetition, traditionally regarded as the opposite of creativity, but in music an illustration of the creative potential of thinking within the box. The aim is to develop the foundations for an approach to creativity that is better adapted to music than the innovation-based approaches that dominate the creativity literature, and also better adapted to the circumstances of everyday life—an approach that is fully presented in the book's Conclusion.
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Pemberton, Hugh. The Civil Service. Edited by David Brown, Gordon Pentland, and Robert Crowcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198714897.013.7.
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Despite current concerns with good governance and policy delivery, little serious attention has been paid to the institution vital to both: the Civil Service. This chapter places present problems in historical context. Starting with the seminal 1854 Northcote–Trevelyan Report, it covers the ‘lost opportunity’ of the 1940s when the Civil Service failed to adapt to rapidly rising demands on the state, as advocated by Beveridge and Keynes. It then examines the belated attempts at modernization in the 1960s, the Service’s vilification in the 1970s, the final destruction of the ‘old order’ during the Thatcher administration, and the subsequent restructuring of the Service and the (highly flawed) embracing of the ‘new public management’ ethos.
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Sandler, Willeke. The Stakes of Overseas Colonialism in the Weimar Republic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697907.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 asks how colonialists dealt with the end of their personal and professional involvement in overseas colonialism after the loss of these territories in the Treaty of Versailles. Colonialists after 1919 sought to convince the German public through their propaganda that this colonial loss was a national tragedy. In the Weimar Republic, they also had to adapt to the context of mass politics and to confront both colonial skepticism and anti-imperialism (particularly among Socialists and Communists). To maintain their continued agitation, colonialists increased their attempts to attract the support of the masses through the General German Colonial Program of 1928. They also sought new political alliances, including with the nascent Nazi Party in the early 1930s.
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Amann, Diane Marie. Bill the Blogger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190272654.003.0028.
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In a final twist on the preceding essays in this volume, ‘Bill the Blogger’ adapts the style of online publishing to review Professor Schabas’s own foray into this emergent form of public discourse. It locates blogging and other new-media developments within the frame of academic and international law teaching and scholarship. The principal focus is on his founding of the ‘PhD studies in human rights’. Its initial post concerned the Charles Taylor trial. Thereafter, Professor Schabas’s constructed content for describing law in action in the many areas of interest to him, including aggression, death penalty, culture, education, genocide, human rights, and international criminal law.
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Zammito, John H. Herder between Reimarus and Tetens. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779650.003.0008.
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This essay argues that Herder’s conception of history as a form of natural growth is grounded in his claim that humans are a part of nature and develop historically situated forms of reason in communication with the features of their natural and social environments. By stressing this developmental aspect of human reason, Herder not only helps us to correct an overly universalistic conception of reason that ignores the importance of situational contexts in the shaping of cognitive structures; he also allows us to comprehend that the very capacity that has traditionally been seen as distinguishing humans from all other animals—namely human reason—evolves out of a capacity we share with them, namely the capacity to adapt to specific environmental demands.