Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Adaptatives'
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Foulonneau, Anthony. "Les technologies persuasives adaptatives." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM085/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with persuasive technologies, and in particular adaptation of the persuasion in order to optimize efficiency and relevance of those technologies. Persuasive technologies are technologies design to change behaviors without using coercion or deception. Numerous techniques to shape user behavior but few and perfectible methods to design these technologies characterized the research domain of persuasive technologies.The background of persuasive technologies is the traditional interpersonal persuasion, studied for over two thousand years in rethoric, philosophy, and more recently psychology. This last discipline offers many theories and models to understand more precisely the process that determine human behaviors. These theories show in particular that persuasive situations are complex, varied, with many influence factors. That is why we propose the notion of adaptive persuasive technologies : technologies able to adapt their persuasive stategies to the user context. To design these products and services, we propose in the first place a model of the persuasive context, that is all the constraints that influence the practice of a targeted behavior by the user at a given time. Each constraint in the persuasive context is at the same time an adaptation criteria and an action lever for the adaptive persuasive technology. For each lever, we identify the persuasive principle that can be used to move it. In a second time, we propose a problem space that characterized the adaptation of the persuasion, thanks to five axis : the purpose, the target, the criteria and the dynamic of the adaptation, and the user role in the adaptation process. Finally, by making and assessing TILT, a persuasive application dedicated to smartphone usage regulation, we show that the adaptation of the persuasion, with the use of the persuasive contexte model and the problem space, benefits to the persuasive efficiency
LE, BOT MARIE. "Antennes adaptatives en CDMA." Paris, CNAM, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CNAM0384.
Full textNasr, Gihane. "Matériaux polymères dynamiques pour membranes adaptatives." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20231.
Full textRivas, Stéphane. "Communications adaptatives dans les réseaux généraux." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX22055.
Full textCornebise, Julien. "Méthodes de Monte Carlo séquentielles adaptatives." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066152.
Full textMerzouki, Rochdi. "Méthodes d'estimation et compensations robustes et adaptatives." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS008V.
Full textIn this thesis report, an estimation and adaptative compensation controls have been deceloped, in order to compensate some mecanical imperfections, like : friction, backlash, flexibility and the stick-slip motion in a electical actuator
Mondet, Sebastien. "Modélisation et distribution adaptatives de grandes scènes naturelles." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00400928.
Full textTout d'abord, nous fournissons une technique de compression multi-résolution, fondée sur la normalisation, l'instanciation, la décorrélation, et sur le codage entropique des informations géometriques pour des modèles de plantes. Ensuite, nous étudions la transmission efficace de ces objets 3D. L'algorithme de paquétisation proposé fonctionne pour la plupart des représentations multi-résolution d'objet 3D.
Nous validons les techniques de paquétisation par des expériences sur un WAN (Wide Area Network), avec et sans contrôle de congestion (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol).
Enfin, nous abordons les questions du streaming au niveau de la scène. Nous optimisons le traitement des requêtes du côté serveur en fournissant une structure de données adaptée et nous préparons le terrain pour nos travaux futurs sur l'évolutivité et le déploiement de systèmes distribués de streaming 3D.
Dufour, Steven. "Méthodes d'éléments finis adaptatives pour les écoulements multifluides." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0021/NQ48881.pdf.
Full textOlejnik, Richard. "Passage à l'échelle d'applications java distribuées auto-adaptatives." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833237.
Full textPesquet, Jean-Christophe. "Methodes adaptatives en codage predictif des images numeriques." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112359.
Full textFu, Yayuan. "Commandes découplées et adaptatives des machines asynchrones triphasées." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20046.
Full textTaillandier-Michel, Anne-Sophie. "Modélisation de résultats d'essais : évaluation de méthodologies adaptatives." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0015.
Full textLe, Chat Ludovic. "Stratégies adaptatives dans la colonisation de nouveaux environnements." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066194.
Full textMondet, Sébastien. "Modélisation et distribution adaptatives de grandes scènes naturelles." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT026H/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the modeling and the interactive streaming of large natural 3D scenes. We aim at providing techniques to allow the remote walkthrough of users in a natural 3D scene ensuring botanical coherency and interactivity.First, we provide a compact and progressive representation for botanically realistic plant models. The topological structure and the geometry of the plants are represented by generalized cylinders. We provide a multi-resolution compression scheme, based on standardization and instantiation, on difference-based decorrelation, and on entropy coding. Then, we study efficient transmission of these 3D objects. The proposed packetization scheme works for any multi-resolution 3D representation. We validate our packetization schemes with extensive experiments over a WAN (Wide Area Network), with and without congestion control (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol). Finally, we address issues on streaming at the scene-level. We optimize the viewpoint culling requests on server-side by providing an adapted datastructure and we prepare the ground for our further work on scalability and deployment of distributed 3D streaming systems
Balafrej, Mohamed Amine. "Cohérences locales adaptatives dans les réseaux de contraintes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20202.
Full textThis thesis deals with adapting the level of consistency during solving a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). It focuses on the use of local consistency properties stronger than arc consistency (AC) to improve the CSP solving efficiency. Local consistency properties stronger than arc consistency are generally expensive to maintain in a constraint network. Therefore, these local consistencies are seldom used in practice. This thesis gives several contributions to benefit from the filtering power of local consistencies stronger than AC while avoiding the high cost of maintaining them in the whole constraint network and throughout the search. First, we introduce the parameterized local consistency (p-LC), an original approach that allows us to define intermediate levels of consistency between AC and a local consistency LC stronger than AC. Then, we present the instantiation of the parameterized local consistency approach to maxRPC and SAC, two consistencies stronger than AC. This leads to two parameterized consistencies, namely p-maxRPC and p-SAC. After giving the definitions of p-maxRPC and p-SAC, we present the algorithm p-maxRPC3, that achieves p-maxRPC and the algorithm p-SAC1, for achieving p-SAC in a constraint network. We show experimentally that maintaining an intermediate level of consistency p-LC, can give a good compromise between filtering power and the computational cost of maintaining this level of consistency. We also show that for each instance of CSP we can find a parameter that gives this good compromise. The parameterized local consistency approach does not specify how the parameter can be chosen a priori. Hence, we propose two techniques to automatically adjust the parameter p. In fact, both techniques don't use a single parameter, but several parameters. Each parameter is mapped to a part of the problem and it is automatically and locally adjusted during search. Finally, we propose POAC1, the first algorithm achieving partition-one-AC (POAC) in a constraint network. We compare POAC to SAC and we found that POAC converges faster than SAC to the fixed point due to its ability to prune values from all variable domains when being enforced on a given variable. Based on this observation, we proposed APOAC, an adaptive version of POAC, that monitors the number of variables on which to enforce POAC
Thomas, Benjamin. "Matériaux composites Argent/Carbone à propriétés thermiques adaptatives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0140.
Full textDue to their high thermal conductivity, metal matrix composite materials reinforced with carbon allotropes exhibit a high potential application for thermal management in electronics. This work deals with the elaboration of new synthesis process to produce Ag/rGO (silver/reduced Graphene Oxide) and Ag/GF (silver/Graphite Flakes) composite materials. This process, based on “molecular level mixing” methods, makes it possible to obtain Ag/rGO composite powders with individualized nano-reinforcements up to a concentration of 1 % in volume. Applied to the synthesis of Ag/GF composite materials, it allows to synthesize dense composite materials with a graphite concentration up to 70 % in volume and with a thermal conductivity up to 675 Wm-1.K-1 (426 Wm-1.K-1 for pure silver). Moreover, it has been shown that Ag/GF powders elaboration process has a strong influence on the structural anisotropy of bulk materials as well as on the extrinsic thermal boundary resistance Ag-graphite. The process developed in this work allows Ag/GF composite materials to reach thermal conductivity up to 19 % higher than the same materials synthesized by conventional mixing powder process. However, like most metal/GF composite materials (with Cu, Al, Mg and Fe matrix), thermal expansion of Ag/GF composite materials shows “anomalies”. Indeed, the anisotropy of their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is opposed to their structural anisotropy, their CTE has an abnormally high dependence on temperature and these materials exhibit dimensional instability during thermal cycling. While it is commonly admit in literature that these “anomalies” are the consequence of internal stresses generated during materials densification (because of CTE mismatch between matrix and reinforcement), this phenomenon remains poorly understood and difficult to control. A significant part of this work is devoted to the study of these anomalies and especially to the study of the influence of matrix mechanical properties on composite materials thermal expansion. Thanks to EBSD, XRD, instrumented microhardness and microscopy analysis, key phenomena responsible of thermomechanical behavior of Ag/GF composite materials have been identified. Especially, it has been shown that a large part of the internal stresses is relaxed by plastic deformation of silver matrix and pseudo-plastic deformation of graphite during the post-densification cooling step of the materials. Thus, the control of mechanical properties of metallic matrix (especially of its elastic limit) makes it possible to attenuate the anomalies in CTE and confers a better dimensional stability to Ag / GF composite materials during thermal cycling. Finally, the addition of rGO in silver matrix of Ag/GF composites materials has also reduced material dimensional instability by up to 50 % thanks to the damping properties of rGO
Phan, Nguyen Duy Minh. "Trajectoires de numérisation adaptatives en contexte in-situ." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN005/document.
Full textIn the context of the inspection of the machining process, the integration of the measurement operations into the manufacturing process allows to realize the corrective actions applied to the manufacturing operations and thus to reduce the manufacturing cycle time. Our objective in this work is to realize an on-machine measurement (OMM) by laser plane sensor in a 5-axis machine-tool. The problem related to OMM concerns the proposition of a scan path planning method that results from a compromise between the measurement time and the quality of the data acquired.First of all, we propose a description format of the parameters of the sensor path allowing to integrate the orientation of the spindle in the machine. As the determination of view point in our context is adopted for the laser plane sensor, the visibility and quality constraints are applied to the digitizing laser line position on the surface. We propose to realize a simulator of digitizing path. This simulator allows us to identify correctly the areas of the digitized part in terms of the scanning visibility and quality. It allows to validate the scan path before executing the scan on the physical system and to help the scan path generation.To control the scan time and quality, a scan path planning method for a 6-axis structure, ISOvScan, is proposed. In this method, the overlap zone between two consecutive passes is constant, the orientation of the sensor at each driven point is managed in order to ensure the scanning quality and to maximize the coverage rate of the laser. The method relies on the use of the Least Squares Conformal Maps (LSCM) to transform the 3D surface into a 2D space. The calculation of the scan path can then be done more simply in this 2D space.Since the kinematics of the machine tool does not enable to directly apply the 6 axes scan path created by ISOvScan, the methods for generating a laser scan path adapted to 5-axis machine-tool are proposed in this work. An application on the 5-axis machine-tool is performed to validate this adapted scan path
Milin, Jean-Luc. "Étude et réalisation d'une antenne auto-adaptative : application à la radio-navigation NAVSTAR/GPS." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1S064.
Full textGhoumari, Asmaa. "Métaheuristiques adaptatives d'optimisation continue basées sur des méthodes d'apprentissage." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1114/document.
Full textThe problems of continuous optimization are numerous, in economics, in signal processing, in neural networks, and so on. One of the best-known and most widely used solutions is the evolutionary algorithm, a metaheuristic algorithm based on evolutionary theories that borrows stochastic mechanisms and has shown good performance in solving problems of continuous optimization. The use of this family of algorithms is very popular, despite the many difficulties that can be encountered in their design. Indeed, these algorithms have several parameters to adjust and a lot of operators to set according to the problems to solve. In the literature, we find a plethora of operators described, and it becomes complicated for the user to know which one to select in order to have the best possible result. In this context, this thesis has the main objective to propose methods to solve the problems raised without deteriorating the performance of these algorithms. Thus we propose two algorithms:- a method based on the maximum a posteriori that uses diversity probabilities for the operators to apply, and which puts this choice regularly in play,- a method based on a dynamic graph of operators representing the probabilities of transitions between operators, and relying on a model of the objective function built by a neural network to regularly update these probabilities. These two methods are detailed, as well as analyzed via a continuous optimization benchmark
Nollet, Patrick. "Contribution a l'etude de strategies adaptatives des insectes sociaux." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077130.
Full textKILANI, KARIM. "Dynamique des marches avec preferences adaptatives et produits differencies." Paris, CNAM, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CNAM0231.
Full textThe subject of endgogeneous freferences has been relatively underdeveloped by econolmists, even if alfred marshall or milton friedmann, has recognized the very importance of endogeneous features in utility theory. A large part of the work fublished on this area is presented in this doctoral thesis. Its starts with neoclassical models and finishes with recent contributions drawing from modern chaos theory. The first survey teachus that we should us with cautiousness the concept of representative agent. In order to bypass its traps, we have turned our research to disacregated representations, more particularly discret choice models a la mc fadden. These topics meet a good reception from the new industrial economics specialists, interested by market stucture with differenciated product. So, the second survey is devoted to this subject of the economic litterature two models are presented, the first one is a preferences formation model, where the "habit stock" is shematized, since thurstone, by an infinite capacity urn, which evolution is conform to the non linearpolya's urn, this kind of tools was proposed by brian arthur to capiture economic phenomena with positive feedback. We then show that if the consumer is not so addicted, his long term demand is forseeable and even rationalizable. In contrast, it is the history of his consumption which fix the achieved equilibrium. The, we examine thesteady states which come from the confrontation of the preferences formation process and the one of the price formation. Finally, a second contribution re-examine logit and c. E. S models, by introducing externalities effects in consumers demand bymeans of adaptiative process, like polya. Our model shows, among others, that these effects deeply alter the results about the traditionnal chamberlian question: does the market realize an efficient trade-off between expected variety and economies of scale
DONNART, JEAN-YVES. "Architecture cognitive et proprietes adaptatives d'un animat motivationnellement autonome." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066099.
Full textNollet, Patrick. "Contribution à l'étude des stratégies adaptatives des insectes sociaux." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619448v.
Full textLenoir, Vincent. "Architectures adaptatives basse consommation pour les communications sans-fil." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT085/document.
Full textThis thesis work takes part in the connected objects theme, also known as the Internet of Things (IoT). It emerges from the Internet democratization since the early 2000's and the shift to highly mobile devices, made possible by the miniaturization of embedded systems. In this context, the energy efficiency is mandatory since today's projections are around tens of billions of connected devices in 2020. However for ease of deployment and usage, a large part of the data transfers in these networks is wireless, which implementation represents a significant part of the power consumption. Indeed, the energy efficiency question is addressed in general as a fine tuning of hardware architectures, which is often associated with a favorable technology evolution. Nevertheless, this design paradigm quickly reached its limits since it necessary implies a highly constrained sizing to be compatible with the worst operating conditions, even if they are not effective most of the time. It's typically the case with wireless communications since the radio channel is a medium characterized by a strong variability due to propagations effects and interferences. Thus, our study focused on the design of a communication chain whose link budget can be dynamically tuned depending on the actual signal attenuation, in order to reduce the system power consumption. The thesis has contributed to the design of a self-adaptive receiver dedicated to IEEE 802.15.4 standard, by proposing both a reconfigurable digital baseband architecture and an automatic control method of the operating mode. More precisely, the work relied on two approaches, the compressive sampling and the partial sampling, to reduce the data's size to process, decreasing the internal activity of arithmetics operators. In return, the demodulation processing needs a higher SNR, degrading in the same time the receiver sensitivity and thus the link budget. This solution, implemented in an STMicroelectronics CMOS 65 nm LP process, offers a low hardware overhead compared to conventional architecture with only 23,4 kgates. Thanks to the circuit physical model that has been developed, the power consumption for a packet demodulation is estimated to 278 uW when the baseband is fully activated. It can however be gradually decreased down to 119 uW, corresponding to a sensitivity reduction of 10 dB. Thus, the proposed digital baseband and its control loop save 30 % of energy in average in a typical use case
Ruzmetov, Azizbek. "Approches distribuées et adaptatives pour la gestion de l'énergie." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0271/document.
Full textIn the last decades, very great research and development efforts have been made to develop and promote electric vehicles (EVs). Most efforts have been made to further develop the power engine of these vehicles and batteries technologies. However, one of the major obstacles to the large deployment of EVs is the uncertainty of drivers to get a suitable and vacant place at a charging station (CS). In this manuscript, we focus on the charging process modelling using formal approaches based on discrete event system tools namely (max,+) algebra and Petri nets. In addition, an optimization approach based on linear programming is proposed to optimally assign and reroute EVs to the suitable CSs and schedule their charging operations. In order to predict, manage and handle charging needs of EVs, a dedicated model based on a predictive function is introduced. The aim is to predict the average charging rate and time while considering the inter-arrival of charging requests and the state of charging of EVs. Using this approach, charging operations could be planned while minimizing waiting times of EVs and avoiding queuing situations within CSs. Simulation results showed that the proposed approaches allow assigning adequately and optimally EVs to CSs while satisfying all process constraints
Lassami, Nacerredine. "Représentations parcimonieuses et analyse multidimensionnelle : méthodes aveugles et adaptatives." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0139.
Full textDuring the last decade, the mathematical and statistical study of sparse signal representations and their applications in audio, image, video processing and source separation has been intensively active. However, exploiting sparsity in multidimensional processing contexts such as digital communications remains a largely open problem. At the same time, the blind methods seem to be the answer to a lot of problems recently encountered by the signal processing and the communications communities such as the spectral efficiency. Furthermore, in a context of mobility and non-stationarity, it is important to be able to implement adaptive processing solutions of low algorithmic complexity to ensure reduced consumption of devices. The objective of this thesis is to address these challenges of multidimensional processing by proposing blind solutions of low computational cost by using the sparsity a priori. Our work revolves around three main axes: sparse principal subspace tracking, adaptive sparse source separation and identification of sparse systems. For each problem, we propose new adaptive solutions by integrating the sparsity information to the classical methods in order to improve their performance. Numerical simulations have been conducted to confirm the superiority of the proposed methods compared to the state of the art
Esteva, i. Gras Santiago. "Respostes adaptatives sanguínies i musculars en condicions d’arribada limitada d’oxigen." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/48838.
Full textAn intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) program consisting of a daily 4-h sessions during four weeks of hypoxia exposure, has been proven as an effective stimulus to induce hematopoiesis in rats, influence in a variable way the angiogenic effect of various muscles (myocardium, tibialis anterior and diaphragm) and preserve the body mass loss. Four experimental groups were studied: hypoxic, post-hypoxic 20 days, post-hypoxic 40 days and their corresponding Controls. Due to the increase of red cell mass, an increase in blood viscosity would be expected. Although there was a consistent trend, the hemorheological properties were not substantially modified, when comparing the four groups. Some compensatory mechanisms are proposed such as the plasma viscosity decrease and microrheological erythrocyte changes. Despite the increase of volume of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, oxygen transport indicators rates were similar for the experimental groups. Histochemical, morphometric and biochemical parameters, as well as indicators of oxidative stress were studied for each muscle above mentioned. To compare the results obtained after applying the IHH protocol with sustained hypoxemia conditions, an anaemization procedure was designed to lead limitation in oxygen supply to tissues. This protocol was used in order to not submit the animals to the deleteric effects induced by chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Histochemical and biochemical parameters were also studied in soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles. Hypoxia is a stressful situation for most animals. To cope with the oxygen requirements, the organism is able to perform physiological and morphological adjustments to maintain a minimum level of aerobic metabolism under conditions of poor oxygen delivery to the tissues. These adjustments follow the symmorphosis principle, which states that structural elements are formed to satisfy functional requirements without excess. In our studies, this principle would mean that peripheral and central responses, induced by a hypoxic situation, have been accompanied by some adjustments in gas exchange and oxidative capacity. After conducting our protocols IHH and anemia, we conclude that physiological and morphological adjustments triggered in the two different conditions can be used as procedures to lead these adaptive responses to transient or permanent changes. All these physiological changes would have multiple applications in mountain and sport medicine, and in other future biomedical applications.
Lehembre, Frédéric. "Réponses adaptatives des microorganismes eucaryotes du sol aux pollutions métalliques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00482109.
Full textLebrun, Guillaume. "Ondelettes géométriques adaptatives : vers une utilisation de la distance géodésique." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429641.
Full textBahri, Emna. "Amélioration des procédures adaptatives pour l'apprentissage supervisé des données réelles." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20089/document.
Full textMachine learning often overlooks various difficulties when confronted real data. Indeed, these data are generally complex, voluminous, and heterogeneous, due to the variety of sources. Among these problems, the most well known concern the sensitivity of the algorithms to noise and unbalanced data. Overcoming these problems is a real challenge to improve the effectiveness of the learning process against real data. In this thesis, we have chosen to improve adaptive procedures (boosting) that are less effective in the presence of noise or with unbalanced data.First, we are interested in robustifying Boosting against noise. Most boosting procedures have contributed greatly to improve the predictive power of classifiers in data mining, but they are prone to noisy data. In this case, two problems arise, (1) the over-fitting due to the noisy examples and (2) the decrease of convergence rate of boosting. Against these two problems, we propose AdaBoost-Hybrid, an adaptation of the Adaboost algorithm that takes into account mistakes made in all the previous iteration. Experimental results are very promising.Then, we are interested in another difficult problem, the prediction when the class is unbalanced. Thus, we propose an adaptive method based on boosted associative classification. The interest of using associations rules is allowing the focus on small groups of cases, which is well suited for unbalanced data. This method relies on 3 contributions: (1) FCP-Growth-P, a supervised algorithm for extracting class frequent itemsets, derived from FP-Growth by introducing the condition of pruning based on counter-examples to specify rules, (2) W-CARP associative classification method which aims to give results at least equivalent to those of existing approaches but in a faster manner, (3) CARBoost, a classification method that uses adaptive associative W-CARP as weak classifier. Finally, in a chapter devoted to the specific application of intrusion’s detection, we compared the results of AdaBoost-Hybrid and CARBoost to those of reference methods (data KDD Cup 99)
Hadjou, Belaid Asma. "Démographie et réponses adaptatives des populations végétales aux changements environnementaux." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG034/document.
Full textMediterranean region is a biodiversity hot-spot with a high endemism rate and is classified among the areas most sensitive to climate change. Deep understanding of demography and evolution following these changes is a necessity for species conservation. During this thesis, two rare Mediterranean plant species have been studied, Centaurea corymbosa and Brassica insularis, using recent mathematical models to analyse long term demographic datasets (22 and 18 years). In the first part of this thesis, matrix projection models have been used to analyse spatio-temporal variation in population growth rate in C. corymbosa. Major climatic parameters that impact population growth rate and survival, flowering and fecundity have been identified. A population viability analysis has been performed under various climatic scenarios. In a second part, an analysis of the population ability of C. corymbosa to response to these climatic changes has been performed using integral projection models. Temporal variation of life-history traits showed that the realized flowering strategy varied with climatic conditions following the same direction than the optimal flowering strategy. It can thus be concluded that the studied populations can adapt to climatic changes. Finally, capture-recapture models have been applied on the Brassica insularis dataset to analyse the effect of plant detectability on demographic parameter estimations. Survival probabilities obtained with the classical approach are lower than the ones estimated using the CR models. However, the parameters estimated using both methods are highly correlated, except for one population where individual identification is problematic. Results of this thesis are linked to some considerations in conservation biology of plants, particularly in link to their ability to respond to climatic changes
Roummieh, Youssef. "Génération des interfaces adaptatives pour les environnements collaboratifs et nomadiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10310.
Full textThe context of this research work lies in the prospect of a better understanding of Human-Computer Interaction engineering for collaborative and nomadic environments. Today, information systems have become increasingly collaborative and nomadic. This transformation implies two constraints to consider when designing user interfaces. First, in a collaborative application, the actors interact with each other to achieve a common project. These actors come from different disciplines and each has his own expertise. Thus, they do not share the same information on the project. Second, users are mobile and would like to access the system regardless of its geographical location, while maintaining the confidentiality of information defined in the system. This mobility requires the integration of mobile devices in the information system. However, for reasons of size and weight, mobile devices have limited resources compared to those offered by fixed stations, like PC. Given these observations, our objective is to build an interface for collaborative and mobile applications, personalized and tailored according to user profile and the interaction resources used by the terminal. In particular, our contribution is, on the one hand, the proposal of a collaborative architecture. On the other hand, the introduction of new notations, based on collaborative and nomadic environments, for the modeling of tasks that plays a key role in designing user interfaces. In addition, we proposed an approach based on models for the automatic generation of customized user interfaces to actors and adaptable to the platforms’ characteristics, composed of several levels of abstraction. The applicability of our proposal is tested by examples drawn of the healthcare application domain. We have developed a prototype of a collaborative system for monitoring nosocomial infections. The case study conducted using this system was made possible owing to the collaboration of Edouard Herriot hospital that has fed us with its expertise. Moreover, we have developed the tool AICEStudio to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach for generating customized user interfaces to actors and adaptable to the platforms’ characteristics
Ropiquet, Anne. "Etude des radiations adaptatives au sein des Antilopinae (Mammalia, Bovidae)." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066407.
Full textVerdant, Arnaud. "Architectures adaptatives de traitement des images dans le plan focal." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112361.
Full textImage sensors are an integral part of our daily lives. These deviees are most commonly implemented in mobile products for which remain strong constraints of energy consumption. Indeed, the images captured by such sensors contain many spatial and time redundancies when considering a video stream. Many data are unnecessarily processed, transmitted and stored, thereby inducing a lack of autonomy in such systems. The thesis work carried out aimed to address this power constraint by defining new architectural approaches to image processing within the matrix of pixels, to adapt sensor resources based on the activity of the observed scene. Thus, new concepts of acquisition and processing related to motion detection have been studied. The processing architecture, derived from subsequently developed algorithms, while offering solutions to ensure the integrity of the analog data. Original modelling methodology was finally implemented in order to validate the proposed concepts, to ensure the processing consistency, robustness and induced consumption. Finally, a demonstrator was designed to validate the silicon implementation of the architecture. The power consumption gains are estimated from 30 to 700 compared to the image sensor sensors state of the art
Amador, Sarah. "Pratiques socio-environnementales, projets et stratégies adaptatives en migration temporaire." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H028.
Full textIn order to identify relevant variables for the study of psychological adjustments in temporary migration, we carried out an investigation in Hong Kong among women from the Philippines working as Domestics Helpers for local families. In-depth interviews were carried out with women in various community settings to find out how they made sense of migration experience. Recurring themes among participants were (i) migrant life paths, i. E, expectations for the future in light of past life experiences in the country of origin and the present living conditions in the host city, and (ii) migrant imagery, i. E, conceptions of the migrant's role in temporary migration, especially with regard to the financial gain involved. Further data was collected by way of a questionnaire from a total the host city as they consider their place in the local social structure that they must adjust to, albeit temporarily
Neichel, Benoît. "Etude des galaxies lointaines et optiques adaptatives tomographiques pour ELTs." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077206.
Full textThe first part of this manuscript is devoted to the study of the formation and evolution of galaxies. I will present the results obtained with the GIRAFFE instrument as part of the IMAGES observational large program. These results show that the fraction of kinematically unrelaxed galaxies at z~0. 6 is important. In addition, the detailed morphological analysis of the IMAGES sample shows that the fraction of rotating spiral galaxies were about twice as low at z~0. 6 compared to the local Universe. By studying in more detail this population, we are able for the first time to explain the formation of a portion of local spiral galaxies. In the coming years, these studies will be extended to galaxies at z>> 1 thanks to the implementation of the future ELTs. To that end, these giant telescopes will have to integrale Adaptive Optics Systems to compensate in real-time the degradation induced by atmospheric turbulence. Due to the low luminosity of distant galaxies, combined with the size of the corrected fields, these AO Systems require artificial sources and tomography. The second part of this thesis is therefore devoted to the study of tomographic AO Systems for the future ELTs. This work is particularly focused on the study and analysis of the fundamental limitations of the tomographic techniques. Based on theoretical developments in a Fourier basis, we give several ways to optimize these future Systems
KURDY, MOH BASSAM. "Transformations morphologiques directionnelles et adaptatives : applications aux sciences des materiaux." Paris, ENMP, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENMP0222.
Full textHoffmann, Marc. "Méthodes adaptatives pour l'estimation non-paramétrique des coefficients d'une diffusion." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077219.
Full textBonnet, Madeleine. "Codage numérique des signaux par quantification et prédiction adaptatives couplées." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112033.
Full textKharrat, Fatma. "Techniques adaptatives et classification pour les canaux à antennes multiples." Paris, ENST, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENST0041.
Full textThis thesis report focuses on wireless communication systems with multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas. At first, we study the performance of such systems assuming a spatial multiplexing scheme at the transmitter and an ML detection at the receiver. We derive an accurate approximation for the conditional error probability on a quasi static channel. This approximation is computed when distinct modulations are applied on the transmit antennas and for any MIMO channel configuration. Then, we outline some adaptive techniques for MIMO systems: adaptive modulation and antenna selection. The first one adjusts the modulations on transmit antennas according to the channel conditions in order to maximize the spectral efficiency while satisfying a constraint on error probability. The second technique selects the set of active antennas to optimize the chosen selection criterion (e. G. Maximize the capacity, etc) providing a channel estimation. Both adaptive techniques need a relevant matric to evaluate the MIMO system performance. We propose a new adaptive modulation scheme and antenna selection algorithm where the derived error probability approximation is used as a selection metric. Finally, we consider the quantization of MIMO channels. This quantization, in our terminology classification, allows the partitioning of MIMO channels set into different classes, where each class is identified by a representative. This method could be used for adaptive techniques to find the best adjustable parameters. We describe our MIMO classification algorithm and we illustrate its application for closed-loop MIMO systems, e. G beamforming
Richard, Olivier. "Considérations adaptatives. Mesures explicites et implicites de l'anxieté de reblessure." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30024.
Full textReinjury anxiety is a psychological reaction arising further to an injury. Currently, the scientific literature considers reinjury anxiety solely as a negativ emotion you have to deal with and make disappear. Fact is, reinjury anxiety seems to be an hindrance to reeducation and a potential trouble when restarting a physical activity. We would like to adopt another point of view and consider the adaptive aspect of this emotion. We know anxiety, as a defensive reaction, makes you prone to action (avoidance and inhibition) and therefore could also be used as a positive incentive. Through our researches, we explored the positive aspects and mechanisms of reinjury anxiety on sportsman and non-sportsman people.The file is divided into 5 chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the academic work concerning reinjury anxiety. In a second chapter, we develop an explicit measure to reinjury anxiety. Chapter three explores the connections between reinjury anxiety and risk taking. The fourth chapter is related to the implicit measure of reinjury anxiety and its action readiness. Finally, in the fifth and last chapter, we discuss the results and the psychological treatment for reinjury anxiety
Bonnet, Madeleine. "Codage numérique des signaux par quantification et prédiction adaptatives couplées." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612029s.
Full textKharrat-Kammoun, Fatma. "Techniques adaptatives et classification pour les canaux à antennes multiples /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41087131h.
Full textChamroune, Nabil. "Matériaux composites Aluminium/Carbone : architecture spécifique et propriétés thermiques adaptatives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0140/document.
Full textMany carbon/metal composites are currently used in several applications. One of them concerns their use as heat sinks in microelectronics. Concerning this application, two conditions are required: a high thermal conductivity (TC) in order to evacuate the heat generated by the electronic chip and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) similar to the used material type of the electronic device (2-8×10-6 /K).Therefore, graphite flakes (GF; TC: 1000 W/m.K and CTE: -1×10-6 /K in the graphite plane) reinforced aluminum matrix (Al; TC: 217 W/m.K and CTE: 25×10-6 /K) composites were fabricated. These composite materials were fabricated by Powder Metallurgy (PM) and Flake Powder Metallurgy (FPM). This process, which consist to use a flattened metallic powder, helped to improve the in-plane orientation (perpendicular to the pressure direction) of GF under uniaxial pressure. Moreover, this process provided a better Al-C interface thanks to a planar contact between the matrix and the reinforcements. This resulted in an improvement of the CT from 400 W/m.K to 450 W/m.K for a reinforcement content of 50 vol.%. Nevertheless, regarding thermal dilation, CTEs of 21.8×10-6 /K and 21.7×10-6 /K were obtained by MP and FPM respectively, which is incompatible with the intended application.To overcome this problem, composite materials with multiple reinforcement were developed by solid-liquid phase sintering. Then, carbon fibers (CF) have been added to aluminum and graphite flakes. The addition of CF to GF reinforcement reduced significantly the CTE of the Al/(GF+CF) composites with a small proportion of CF, while preserving a high TC. In addition, the Al/(GF+FC) composite materials have significantly lower CTEs than the Al/CF composites with a equivalent vol.% of CF. Therefore, Al/(GF+CF) composite materials were developed by solid-liquid phase sintering to obtain a TC of 400 W/m.K (comparable to the TC of copper) and a CTE of 8×10-6 /K (comparable to the CTE of alumina). In addition, the lightweight of aluminum gives composite materials Al/C a low density (d = 2.4 g/cm3). Therefore, the composite materials developed in this study are promising as a lightweight heat sink in microelectronic industries
Zhang, Xun. "Contribution aux architectures adaptatives : etude de l'efficacité énergétique dans le cas des applications à parallélisme de données." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10106/document.
Full textMy PhD project focuses on Dynamic Adaptive Runtime parallelism and frequency scaling techniques in coarse grain reconfigurable hardware architectures. This new architectural approach offers a set of new features to increase the flexibility and scalability for applications in an evolving environment with reasonable energy cost. In this architecture, the parallelism granularity and running frequency can be reconfigured by using partial and dynamic reconfiguration. The adaptive method and architecture have been already developed and tested on FPGA platforms. The measurements and results analysis based on DWT show that the energy efficiency is adjustable dynamically by using our approach. The main contribution to the research project involves an auto-adaptive method development; this means using partial and dynamic reconfiguration can reconfigure the parallelism granularity and running frequency of application. The adaptive method by adjusting the parallelism granularity and running frequency is tested with the same application. We are presenting results coming from implementations of Image processing key application and analyses the behavior of this architecture on these applications
Costille, Anne. "Les optiques adaptatives grand champ : stratégie de correction et validations expérimentales." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00447752.
Full textNeichel, Benoit. "Etudes des galaxies lointaines et optiques adaptatives tomographiques pour les ELTs." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366529.
Full textJe présenterai dans un premier temps les résultats obtenus grâce à l'instrument GIRAFFE dans le cadre du large programme d'observation IMAGES. Ces résultats montrent que la fraction de galaxies n'ayant pas encore atteint leur équilibre dynamique à z~0.6 est importante. Par ailleurs, l'analyse morphologique détaillée de l'échantillon IMAGES montre que la fraction des galaxies spirales en rotation était environ deux fois plus faible à z~0.6 que dans l'Univers local. En étudiant plus en détails cette population, nous sommes capables pour la première fois d'expliquer la formation d'une partie des galaxies spirales locales.
Une des conclusions essentielles de cette étude est qu'en combinant des observations dynamiques et morphologiques, on est désormais en mesure de disséquer et de comprendre l'histoire individuelle de chaque galaxie à z<1. Dans les prochaines années, ces études pourront être étendues à des galaxies à z>>1 grâce à la mise en service des futurs ELTs.
Pour cela, ces télescopes géants devront intégrer des systèmes d'Optique Adaptative pour compenser en temps réel la dégradation des images due à la turbulence. La faible luminosité des objets à observer, combinée à la taille des champs à corriger, rend indispensable la mise en place de sources artificielles et d'OA tomographiques. La deuxième partie de cette thèse est donc consacrée à l'étude de l'OA tomographique pour les futurs ELTs.
Le travail présenté porte en particulier sur l'étude et l'analyse des limites fondamentales des techniques tomographiques. En nous appuyant sur des développements théoriques dans une base de Fourier, nous proposons plusieurs voies pour l'optimisation de ces futurs systèmes.
La dernière partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de EAGLE: un projet de spectrographe intégrale de champ multi-objets pour l'ELT européen.
A l'aide des résultats obtenus avec GIRAFFE pour la définition des critères scientifiques et de l'analyse des techniques tomographiques, nous proposons un premier design d'optique adaptative capable de répondre aux besoins de la spectroscopie intégrale de champ des galaxies à z>>1.
En alliant la haute résolution spatiale et spectrale avec le pouvoir collecteur immense des futurs ELTs, l'instrument EAGLE apportera certainement des indices décisifs dans notre compréhension des processus à l'oeuvre pour l'assemblage de la masse dans les galaxies.
Nicolle, Magalie. "ANALYSE DE FRONT D'ONDE POUR LES OPTIQUES ADAPTATIVES DE NOUVELLE GENERATION." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137288.
Full textCampos, Pinto Martin. "Développement et analyse de méthodes adaptatives pour les équations de transport." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129013.
Full textLagrée, Paul. "Méthodes adaptatives pour les applications d'accès à l'information centrées sur l'utilisateur." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS341/document.
Full textWhen users interact on modern Web systems, they let numerous footprints which we propose to exploit in order to develop better applications for information access. We study a family of techniques centered on users, which take advantage of the many types of feedback to adapt and improve services provided to users. We focus on applications like recommendation and influencer marketing in which users generate discrete feedback (e.g. clicks, "likes", reposts, etc.) that we incorporate in our algorithms in order to deliver strongly contextualized services. The first part of this dissertation is dedicated to an approach for as-you-type search on social media. The problem consists in retrieving a set of k search results in a social-aware environment under the constraint that the query may be incomplete (e.g., if the last term is a prefix). Every time the user updates his / her query, the system updates the set of search results accordingly. We adopt a "network-aware" interpretation of information relevance, by which information produced by users who are closer to the user issuing a request is considered more relevant. Then, we study a generic version of influence maximization, in which we want to maximize the influence of marketing or information campaigns by adaptively selecting "spread seeds" from a small subset of the population. Influencer marketing is a straightforward application of this, in which the focus of a campaign is placed on precise key individuals who are typically able to reach millions of consumers. This represents an unprecedented tool for online marketing that we propose to improve using an adaptive approach. Notably, our approach makes no assumptions on the underlying diffusion model and no diffusion network is needed. Finally, we propose to address the well-known cold start problem faced by recommender systems with an adaptive approach. If no information is available regarding the user appreciation of an item, the recommender system needs to gather feedback (e.g., clicks) so as to estimate the value of the item. However, in order to minimize "bad" recommendations, a well-designed system should not collect feedback carelessly. We introduce a dynamic algorithm that aims to intelligently achieve the balance between "bad" and "good" recommendations