Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Adaptation'
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Sands, William A., Nikos Apostolopoulos, Ashley A. Kavanaugh, and Michael H. Stone. "Recovery-Adaptation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4643.
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Athlete Training Should Proceed From Thorough and Systematic Periodized Plans for the Implementation of Training Loads. The Time-course of Training Should Include Periods of High Loads Punctuated by Reduced Loads and Rest. As There Are a Wide Variety of Means and Methods Used for the Implementation of Loads, There Are Numerous Means and Methods for Enhancing Recovery and Adaptation (Ra). Ra From Athlete Training Are Poorly Understood and in Need of a Model or Framework to Advance Our Ability to Systematically Complement Training With Appropriate Modalities.
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Francillette, Yannick. "Modèle adaptatif d'activités pour les jeux ubiquitaires." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20229.
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Les technologies et services mobiles font aujourd'hui partie de notre vie quotidienne grâce notamment aux ordiphones et ardoises numériques. Nous vivons actuellement la réalisation de la vision de Marc Weiser. Les fonctionnalités et les services rendus prennent le dessus sur les objets techniques. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à un type particulier d'applications informatiques: les jeux vidéo. Comme d'autres secteurs, les jeux vidéo doivent prendre en compte la révolution mobile, pour se réinventer et intéresser des joueurs. Cependant, les jeux sur support mobiles doivent faire face au problème du changement des conditions de jeu du joueur. Nous pouvons parler de contexte du joueur.L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un modèle pour la conception de jeu auto-adaptatif au contexte du joueur. Ce modèle doit être générique et permettre la création de jeux vidéo qui sont capables de modifier les activités et objectifs qu'ils proposent en fonction du contexte courant du joueur. Notre proposition se constitue de deux éléments clefs. Le premier consiste en un modèle générique des activités et des objectifs d'un jeu vidéo que nous avons appelé «composant de gameplay». Ce modèle est une formalisation du concept de boucle de jeu objectif, challenge, récompense. Ce modèle nous permet de représenter les objectifs et activités du jeu sous la forme d'un arbre. Le deuxième élément est un modèle de détection des arbres compatibles avec un contexte courant. Ce modèle se base sur des règles de contexte qui sont associées aux nœuds de l'arbre. Notre démarche consiste ensuite à vérifier que l'objectif représenté par la racine de l'arbre peut être atteint dans le contexte courant. Pour valider notre approche, nous avons réalisé une expérimentation en laboratoire. Nous avons également utilisé notre expérience sur l'utilisation des composants de gameplay dans un contexte industrielNowadays, the technologies and mobiles services are a part of our daily life thanks to smartphones and tablet computers. Currently, we live the realisation of Weiser's vision. The features and services provided are more important than technical objects.In this thesis, we are interested in a kind of computer applications: video games. Like other sectors, video games have to deal with mobile revolution in order to reinvent themselves and to interest players. However, video games on mobiles devices have to deal with the variation of playing conditions. We can call these conditions the player's context.The main objective of this thesis is to propose a model for the design of games that are able to adapt to the player's context. This model has to be generic and allow the game to adapt the proposed activities and objectives to the current context.Our proposition has two main elements. The first one is a generic model of the activities and the objectives which are proposed by the game. We have called this model "gameplay component". It is a formalization of the objectif, challenge, reward game loop concept. It allows us to represent a game as a tree.The second element is a model for detecting game tree which are compatible with a defined context. This model is based on rules which are linked with the nodes of the game tree. Our approach consist of checking that the objective which is given by the root of the game tree can be reached in the current context.In order to valid our approach, we have conducted a laboratory experimentation. We have also used our experience about using of gameplay component in a industrial context in order to do a case study
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ASSIS, PATRICIA SEEFELDER DE. "AN ARCHITECTURE FOR ADAPTATION AND META-ADAPTATION IN HYPERMEDIA SYSTEMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7984@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOEste trabalho define uma arquitetura para adaptação e meta- adaptação de sistemas hipermídia, utilizando modelos propostos para a Web Semântica. As aplicações adaptativas são capazes de alterar algumas de suas características, tais como modelo de navegação ou de apresentação, em função de um contexto de adaptação. Este contexto pode incluir informações sobre o usuário, tais como preferências, navegações prévias, etc., e sobre o ambiente de execução, tais como dispositivo de acesso, banda passante, etc. As aplicações meta-adaptativas são capazes de alterar tanto os modelos da aplicação quanto o próprio processo de adaptação, também em função do contexto. A partir do modelo SHDM, são definidas extensões para representar o contexto de adaptação, as regras de adaptação e a arquitetura de execução deste tipo de aplicação. Através de comparações, é mostrado como os principais modelos descritos na literatura são casos particulares do modelo e da arquitetura propostos nesta dissertação.
This dissertation defines an architecture for adaptation and metaadaptation in hypermedia systems, using models proposed for the Semantic Web. Adaptive applications are able to alter some of their characteristics, such as its navigation model or presentation model, according to the adaptation context. This context may include information about the user, such as her preferences, navigation history, etc., and about the execution environment, such as access device, bandwidth, etc. Meta-adaptive applications are able to alter both its models and its adaptation process according to the adaptation context. The proposal extends the SHDM model with a context model, adaptation rules and execution architecture. It is shown, by comparison, that the major adaptation models described in the literature can be seen as particular cases of the proposed model and architecture.
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Neill, Natalie. "The writerly adaptation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0025/MQ52360.pdf.
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Rasumov, Nikon. "Energy-aware adaptation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607938.
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Süsstrunk, Sabine. "Computing chromatic adaptation." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423509.
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Stein, Dylan. "An Arctic Adaptation." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554120044753592.
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Neill, Natalie Carleton University Dissertation Film Studies. "The Writerly adaptation." Ottawa, 2000.
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Hall, Malcolm. "Contextual mobile adaptation." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/240/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Angelopoulos, Konstantinos. "Optimal Adaptations over Multi-Dimensional Adaptation Spaces with a Spice of Control Theory." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368717.
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(Self-)Adaptive software systems monitor the status of their requirements and adapt when some of these requirements
are failing. The baseline for much of the research on adaptive software systems is the concept of a feedback loop mechanism that monitors the performance of a system relative to its requirements, determines root causes when there is failure, selects an adaptation, and carries it out. The degree of adaptivity of a software system critically depends on the space of possible adaptations supported (and implemented) by the system. The larger the space, the more adaptations a system is capable of. This thesis tackles the following questions: (a) How can we define multi-dimensional adaptation spaces that subsume proposals for requirements- and architecture-based adaptation spaces? (b) Given one of more failures, how can we select an optimal adaptation with respect to one or more objective functions? To answer the first question, we propose a design process for three-dimensional adaptation spaces, named the Three-Peaks Process, that iteratively elicits control and environmental parameters from requirements, architectures and behaviours for the system-to-be. For the second question, we propose three adaptation mechanisms. The first mechanism is founded on the assumption that only qualitative information is available about the impact of changes of the system's control parameters on its goals. The absence of quantitative information is mitigated by a new class of requirements, namely Adaptation Requirements, that impose constraints on the adaptation process itself and dictate policies about how conflicts among failing requirements must be handled.
The second mechanism assumes that there is quantitative information about the impact of changes of control parameters on the system’s goals and that the problem of finding an adaptation is formulated as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem. The mechanism measures the degree of failure of each requirement and selects an adaptation that minimizes it along with other objective functions, such as cost. Optimal solutions are derived exploiting OMT/SMT (Optimization Modulo Theories/Satisfiability Modulo Theories) solvers.
The third mechanism operates under the assumption that the environment changes dynamically over time and the chosen adaptation has to take into account such changes. Towards this direction, we apply Model Predictive Control, a well-developed theory with myriads of successful applications in Control Theory. In our work, we rely on state-of-the-art system identification techniques to derive the dynamic relationship between requirements and possible adaptations and then propose the use of a controller that exploits this relationship to optimize the satisfaction of requirements relative to a cost-function. This adaptation mechanism can guarantee a certain level of requirements satisfaction over time, by dynamically composing adaptation strategies when necessary. Finally, each piece of our work is evaluated through experimentation using variations of the Meeting-Scheduler exemplar.
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Angelopoulos, Konstantinos. "Optimal Adaptations over Multi-Dimensional Adaptation Spaces with a Spice of Control Theory." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/608/1/PhD-Thesis.pdf.
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(Self-)Adaptive software systems monitor the status of their requirements and adapt when some of these requirements
are failing. The baseline for much of the research on adaptive software systems is the concept of a feedback loop mechanism that monitors the performance of a system relative to its requirements, determines root causes when there is failure, selects an adaptation, and carries it out. The degree of adaptivity of a software system critically depends on the space of possible adaptations supported (and implemented) by the system. The larger the space, the more adaptations a system is capable of. This thesis tackles the following questions: (a) How can we define multi-dimensional adaptation spaces that subsume proposals for requirements- and architecture-based adaptation spaces? (b) Given one of more failures, how can we select an optimal adaptation with respect to one or more objective functions? To answer the first question, we propose a design process for three-dimensional adaptation spaces, named the Three-Peaks Process, that iteratively elicits control and environmental parameters from requirements, architectures and behaviours for the system-to-be. For the second question, we propose three adaptation mechanisms. The first mechanism is founded on the assumption that only qualitative information is available about the impact of changes of the system's control parameters on its goals. The absence of quantitative information is mitigated by a new class of requirements, namely Adaptation Requirements, that impose constraints on the adaptation process itself and dictate policies about how conflicts among failing requirements must be handled.
The second mechanism assumes that there is quantitative information about the impact of changes of control parameters on the system’s goals and that the problem of finding an adaptation is formulated as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem. The mechanism measures the degree of failure of each requirement and selects an adaptation that minimizes it along with other objective functions, such as cost. Optimal solutions are derived exploiting OMT/SMT (Optimization Modulo Theories/Satisfiability Modulo Theories) solvers.
The third mechanism operates under the assumption that the environment changes dynamically over time and the chosen adaptation has to take into account such changes. Towards this direction, we apply Model Predictive Control, a well-developed theory with myriads of successful applications in Control Theory. In our work, we rely on state-of-the-art system identification techniques to derive the dynamic relationship between requirements and possible adaptations and then propose the use of a controller that exploits this relationship to optimize the satisfaction of requirements relative to a cost-function. This adaptation mechanism can guarantee a certain level of requirements satisfaction over time, by dynamically composing adaptation strategies when necessary. Finally, each piece of our work is evaluated through experimentation using variations of the Meeting-Scheduler exemplar.
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Abu-Rayya, Maram. "Identity, psychological adaptation, and socio-cultural adaptation among Australian adolescent Muslims." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13724.
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This research project aimed at examining the interconnections between identity-based intrapsychic forces¬ — specifically, cultural identity, Australian identity, religiosity, and personal/ego identity— and psychological and socio-cultural adaptation of Australian adolescent Muslims. The study extends previous research on minority adolescents which mainly investigated the role adolescents’ acculturation modes play in their adaptation. The study employed a mixed-method design involving quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The quantitative part of the study recruited a sample of 321 high school Muslim students (149 males and 172 females) aged between 14 and 18 years studying at Muslim schools in metropolitan Sydney, Australia, who filled in a survey measuring among other things their cultural identity, Australian identity, religiosity, personal/ego identity, and adaptation. The qualitative part of this research project conducted semi-structured interviews with a subset of 18 Australian adolescent Muslims from the same cohort of participant schools. The interviews examined participants’ cultural identity, Australian identity, religiosity, and the role each plays in their adaptation. A series of hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for socio-demographic factors, revealed that while adolescents’ preference for integration of their cultural and Australian identities was advantageous for a range of their psychological and socio-cultural adaptation measures, marginalisation was consistently the worst. Similarly, while personal/ego identity achievement was advantageous for a range of adaptation measures among the participants, diffusion was consistently the worst. Further hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for socio-demographic factors, showed that adolescent Muslims’ religiosity, and to a certain degree their personal/ego identity achievement, was better for a range of their adaptation measures compared to their preference for an integration acculturation style. This finding was generally supported by the qualitative analysis revealing that adolescent Muslims were in a better position to see a positive role of religiosity in their adaptation, compared to their cultural identity or being Australian.
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De, Sanctis Martina. "Dynamic Adaptation of Service-Based Systems: a Design for Adaptation Framework." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368603.
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A key challenge posed by the Next Generation Internet landscape, is that modern service-based systems need to cope with open and continuously evolving environments and to operate under dynamic circumstances. Dynamism is given by changes in the operational context, changes in the availability of resources and variations in their behavior, changes in users goals, etc. Indeed, dynamically discover, select and compose the appropriate services in open and expanding domains is a challenging task. Many approaches for self-adaptive systems have been proposed in the last decades. Unfortunately, although they support run-time adaptation, current approaches tend to foresee the system adaptation requirements and their related solutions at design-time. This makes them inadequate for the application
in open environments, where components constantly join/leave the system, since they require for continuous involvement of IT and domain experts for the systems re-configuration. We claim that a new way of approaching the adaptation of systems is needed. In this dissertation, we propose a novel design for adaptation framework for modeling and executing modern service-based systems. The idea of the approach consists in defining the complete life-cycle for the continuous development and deployment of service-based systems, by facilitating (i) the continuous integration of new services that can easily join the systems, and (ii) the systems operation under dynamic circumstances, to face the
openness and dynamicity of the environment.
Furthermore, Collective Adaptive Systems (CAS) are spreading in new emerging contexts, such as the shared economy trend. Modern systems are expected to handle a multitude of heterogeneous components that cooperate
to accomplish collective tasks. In these settings, an extension of our framework in the direction of CAS has also been defined. The core enablers of the proposed framework have been implemented and evaluated in real-world scenarios in the mobility domain. Promising evaluation results demonstrate their practical applicability.
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De, Sanctis Martina. "Dynamic Adaptation of Service-Based Systems: a Design for Adaptation Framework." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2018. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/2947/1/Online_PhD-Thesis_MartinaDeSanctis.pdf.
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A key challenge posed by the Next Generation Internet landscape, is that modern service-based systems need to cope with open and continuously evolving environments and to operate under dynamic circumstances. Dynamism is given by changes in the operational context, changes in the availability of resources and variations in their behavior, changes in users goals, etc. Indeed, dynamically discover, select and compose the appropriate services in open and expanding domains is a challenging task. Many approaches for self-adaptive systems have been proposed in the last decades. Unfortunately, although they support run-time adaptation, current approaches tend to foresee the system adaptation requirements and their related solutions at design-time. This makes them inadequate for the application
in open environments, where components constantly join/leave the system, since they require for continuous involvement of IT and domain experts for the systems re-configuration. We claim that a new way of approaching the adaptation of systems is needed. In this dissertation, we propose a novel design for adaptation framework for modeling and executing modern service-based systems. The idea of the approach consists in defining the complete life-cycle for the continuous development and deployment of service-based systems, by facilitating (i) the continuous integration of new services that can easily join the systems, and (ii) the systems operation under dynamic circumstances, to face the
openness and dynamicity of the environment.
Furthermore, Collective Adaptive Systems (CAS) are spreading in new emerging contexts, such as the shared economy trend. Modern systems are expected to handle a multitude of heterogeneous components that cooperate
to accomplish collective tasks. In these settings, an extension of our framework in the direction of CAS has also been defined. The core enablers of the proposed framework have been implemented and evaluated in real-world scenarios in the mobility domain. Promising evaluation results demonstrate their practical applicability.
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Larssen, Beverley Christine. "Implicit and explicit adaptation processes during visuomotor adaptation of manual aiming movements." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44998.
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In this thesis I investigate how people adapt manual aiming in novel visual-motor environments and how different adaptation processes (implicit/explicit) depend on feedback type, and existing internal models (action experience). How implicit and explicit processes interact to facilitate accurate performance in adaptation paradigms is debated. One key study concluded that implicit adaptation, driven by error in expected sensory consequences, guided adaptation independent of ‘correct’ strategic/explicit processes (Mazzoni & Krakauer, 2006). We hypothesized that if these processes are independent, later explicit re-adaptation should not influence a previously acquired implicit adaptation (evidenced by unchanged after-effects).
In Experiment 1, numeric post-trial knowledge of results (KR) was used to promote explicitly-guided, re-adaptation of an implicit adaptation. Thirty participants gradually adapted aiming movements to a 30° CW visual rotation to achieve implicit adaptation (evidenced by strong after-effects). Participants practiced again with correct or incorrect (+/-15°) KR about cursor endpoint accuracy while still receiving correct cursor feedback. The incorrect KR groups showed the highest variable error, indicative of error-reducing strategic adjustments. Only the +15° error group re-adapted to KR. This resulted in larger after-effects than before KR exposure. If KR engaged only explicit processes, these results would suggest that these processes are interdependent, whereby an (implicit) internal model for aiming was updated by explicit processes, resulting in augmented after-effects. Despite existing evidence suggesting that post-trial KR facilitates only explicit adaptation, we had to test this result in our research design before concluding that the effects of KR were unique to re-adaptation. Therefore, we conducted Experiment 2 to determine whether post-trial KR could be used to update internal models for aiming without previous visual-motor experience. Thirty participants gradually adapted to a 30° CW visual rotation receiving either concurrent or post-trial cursor feedback, or post-trial numeric KR. Although all groups showed after-effects following practice, suggesting implicit adaptation in all feedback conditions, the magnitude of after-effects was smaller for the numeric KR group. From these data we conclude that numeric KR results in both implicit and explicit adaptation and that the relative contributions of these processes to adaptation likely depends on self-attribution of errors and timing of visual feedback.
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Perdikaki, Katerina. "Adaptation as translation : examining film adaptation as a recontextualised act of communication." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2016. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/812918/.
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Narratives are increasingly intermedial nowadays and adaptation is prominent in the performing arts (e.g. theatre, opera) and in various forms of media (e.g. film, television, radio, video games). The process of adaptation has been paralleled to that of translation, as both deal with the transfer of meaning from one sociocultural context to another. In a similar vein, translation has been viewed as a process of adaptation when the communicated message needs to be tailored to the values of the target culture. Nevertheless, a framework building on the affinities of translation and adaptation remains relatively under-researched. A model for a systematic adaptation analysis seems to be currently missing in Adaptation Studies. Translation Studies can also benefit from a closer look into the workings of cultural production. An analysis of adaptation as intersemiotic and intermedial translation can give rise to the factors that condition the flow of narratives across media and cultures. Such an analysis can also shed light on the relationship between cultural products and the socio-temporal context that accommodates them. To this end, the present project aims at examining the film adaptation process from a hermeneutic point of view, looking into both textual and contextual parameters that monitor the adaptation process. A model towards the systematic analysis and interpretation of the changes occurring in the adaptation process (i.e. adaptation shifts) is also developed to fulfil this aim. The model draws upon insights from Translation Studies, Film Studies and Narratology and has a descriptive/comparative and an interpretive component. The former is used to examine adaptation as an audiovisual text in relation to its source material and the latter deconstructs the adaptation process in relation to the agents and contexts involved. The model can thus contribute to a systematic study of adaptations and to a better understanding of the adaptation/translation process.
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Lo, Kwok Chu. "Partial mobile webpage adaptation /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CSED%202007%20LO.
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Edmonds, T. M. "Adaptation for mobile systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598760.
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Mobile devices operate in a environment with limited and volatile resource availability, suffering from poor CPUs, memory and battery limitations and low rate, unreliable communications when compared with their fixed counterparts. Under such conditions, applications for mobile computing require adaptation to make best use of the available resources without assuming the minimum set. This dissertation argues that such adaptation should be integrated, with centralised resource management for efficiency and fairness, but with application specific reconfiguration to ensure that adaptation remains meaningful. Current integrated adaptation systems provide resource change events to applications but fail to say exactly how to react to them. This dissertation presents Pervasive Adaptation as a new approach to integrated adaptation. This approach separates the concerns of adaptation from application functionality by providing automatic dynamic adaptation as a service external to the application. This service instruments and models an application's operation and performs reconfiguration of the application, achieving adaptation through manipulation of the locality and fidelity of application processing and data. Separating the adaptation service provides two key benefits: firstly, it reduces the work required of an application developer and secondly, it allows the same adaptation service to adapt all of the applications running in the system, ensuring cooperation and fairness. The culmination of this work is the design and implementation of the DPROJ framework which provides a complete infrastructure for the construction, deployment and dynamic adaptation of mobile applications. It not only provides the mechanisms for adaptation but also the "know-how". The adaptation service reconfigures the structure of the application based on cost-benefit analysis. Costs are estimated through a resource unification scheme under which many different resources such as CPU, communications and battery can be combined into a common metric. Performance is maintained as a dimensionless, application specific notion. Running in a simulated network environment, DPROJ is demonstrated to successfully manage the adaptation of several applications including media streaming and vision processing.
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Bultitude, Janet Helen. "Prism adaptation in Neurorehabilitation." Thesis, Bangor University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507908.
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CUNHA, FERNANDO BRANDAO LOBATO. "ADAPTATION ALGORITHM OF IIR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1991. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9838@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOA partir da forma geral do algoritmo de adaptação, é proposto o uso de mais uma variável de projeto, denominada janela. Esta janela tem por objetivo melhorar as características de convergência de algoritmos, cujos parâmetros são partes de estruturas IIR. A introdução das janelas é justificada heuristicamente e seu desempenho é avaliado por meio de diversas simulações de identificação de sistemas. Os resultados obtidos indicam aumentos significativos na velocidade de convergência (cerca de uma ordem de grandeza mais rápido do que os algoritmos atualmente mais usados), na precisão das estimativas dos parâmetros do problema e na robustez dos novos algoritmos (menor número de pólos instáveis durante a adaptação). Estes resultados foram observados em ambientes estacionários e não estacionários, com e sem ruído de medida e com ordem de identificação suficiente ou não.
From the adaptation algorithm general form it is proposed the usage of another design variable, called Window. The goal of this Window is to improve the convergence characteristics of algorithms whose parameters are parts of IIR Structures. The introduction of the Window is heuristically justified and its performance is eventuated by several system identification simulations. The results achieved suggest significant increase in the convergence speed (about one order of magnitude faster than the currently most used algorithms), in the parameter estimation precision and in the new algorithm robusteness (fewer unstable poles during adaptation). These results were observed in sationary and non-stationary environments, with and without measurement noise and with sufficient identification order or not.
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Kim, Jiwon M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Example-based grasp adaptation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45978.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-63).
Finding a way to provide intelligent humanoid robots with the ability to grasp objects has been a question of great interest. Most approaches, however, assume that objects are composed of primitive shapes such as box, sphere, and cylinder. In the thesis, we explore an efficient and robust method to decide grasps given new objects that are irregularly-shaped (3D polygon meshes). To solve the problem, we use an example-based approach. We first find grasps for objects geometrically similar to those the system has seen before. For example, if the system has been shown a cup being grasped by the handle, it should now be able to grasp any new cup. There are two problems to be solved in order to adapt example grasps to the new object. First, the system should be able to retrieve objects that are geometrically similar to the given object from the database storing previously seen objects. After collecting objects the system knows how to grasp, it needs to adapt example grasps to new object.Already, there are some working algorithms for the first problem (shape retrieval). Therefore, our main contribution is to present an algorithm that performs grasp adaptation. Before we adapt a grasp, we first find the geometric correspondence between a demo object and new object using probabilistic graphical model. Based on correlation information together with the demo grasp, we generate a grasp for the new object. To ensure that a robot can effectively grasp the object, we adjust the position of grasp contacts until the quality of the grasp is reasonably high. In test cases, the system successfully uses this method to find the correspondence between objects and adapt demo grasps.
by Jiwon Kim.
M.Eng.
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Félix, Sofia. "Pneumococcal adaptation during invasion." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/110094.
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"Streptococcus pneumoniae, or the pneumococcus, frequently colonizes the human nasopharynx, particularly in children. From the nasopharynx, the pneumococcus can transit to other body sites and cause disease such as otitis media, pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis. Multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV), targeting pneumococcal capsular types, or serotypes, have been designed and implemented since 2001, to reduce the incidence of pneumococcal disease worldwide. (...)"N/A
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Kuang, Xutao. "Adaptation in multisensory neurons." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/65419/.
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The most studied region in the mammalian brain for multisensory integration is the deep superior colliculus (DSC). Neurophysiological experiments have revealed many response properties of DSC neurons, such as cross-modal enhancement (CME) and sub-additive/additive/super-additive op- erational modes. CME occurs when the response of a multisensory neuron to stimulation in one sensory modality is enhanced, often non-linearly, by temporally and spatially coincident stimulation of a second sensory modality. Response enhancement is frequently larger for weaker input stimuli than for stronger stimuli, a phenomenon known as inverse e®ectiveness. It is believed that a non-linear, saturating response function may underlie CME associated with inverse effectiveness. We explore this idea in more detail, showing that apart from CME, many other response properties of DSC neurons, including the different dynamic ranges of responses to unimodal and multimodal stimuli and the diverse operational modes, also emerge as a direct consequence of a saturating response function such as a sigmoidal function. We then consider the question of how the exact form of a candidate, saturating sigmoidal function could be determined in a DSC neuron. In particular, we suggest that adaptation may determine its exact form. Adaptation to input statistics is a ubiquitous property of sensory neurons. Defining the operating point as the output probability density function, we argue that a neuron maintains an invariant operating point by adapting to the lowest-order moments of the input probability distribution. Based on this notion, we propose a novel adaptation rule that permits unisensory neurons to adapt to the lowest-order statistics of their inputs, and then extend this rule to allow adaptation in multisensory neurons, of which DSC neurons are an example. Adaptation in DSC neurons is expected to change the responses of a neuron to a fixed, probe or test stimulus. Such a neuron would therefore exhibit different CME when presented with the same stimulus drawn from different statistical ensembles. We demonstrate that, for suitable selections of test stimuli, adaptation to an increase in the mean, the variance or the correlation coefficient induce consistent changes in CME. By virtue of the robustness of the results, the underlying adaptation notion can be tested in neurophysiological experiments. Finally, it is known that descending cortical projections from the anterior ectosylvian sulcus and the rostral aspect of the lateral suprasylvian sulcus are indispensable for DSC neurons to exhibit CME. The structure of our proposed adaptation rule for multisensory neurons therefore permits us to speculate that the descending cortical inputs to multisensory DSC neurons facilitate the computation of the correlation coefficient between different sensory channels' activities.
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Cremene, Marcel. "Adaptation dynamique de services." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS042.
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Nous avons choisi de traiter dans cette thèse les problèmes liés à l'adaptation dynamique de services assemblés par des composants réutilisables. L'adaptation de services est nécessaire parce que le fonctionnement des services dépend de leur contexte d'utilisation (profils utilisateurs, ressources disponibles, etc. ). Le contexte évolue dans le temps alors que le service est en cours d'exécution, l'adaptation doit par conséquent être réalisée dynamiquement. L'analyse de solutions existantes nous a conduits à plusieurs conclusions. La plus importante est que la partie de contrôle de l'adaptation ne peut être construit a priori. L'objectif de la thèse est de proposer une autre solution qui permet à un service de pouvoir être adapté à un contexte qui n'a pas été pris en compte initialement. Pour tester notre proposition nous avons construit un prototype basé sur l'étude de plusieurs scénariosThis thesis approaches dynamic adaptation issues of services assembled of reusable software components. Service adaptation is necessary because their functioning depends on the context in which they are used. The context is made up of external components that can influence the service, such as : the user, the device, the geographical environment and others. The context evolves during service execution and that is why the service has to adapt dynamically to the context evolution. The analysis of existing solutions has lead to several conclusions among which the most important is that the control part of service adaptation platforms follows an approach that we call "planned approach". In the case of a planned adaptation approach the context has to be known apriori and the way the service reacts to possible contexts is planned by the service builder and specified in the form of roles and strategies which are specific to each service. The aim of this thesis is to propose a solution for unplanned service adaptation, meaning the possibility of adaptation to a context that is not entirely anticipated at the moment of service building. Unlike the planned approach, where the adaptation roles and strategies have to be established for each service separately, we want these roles and strategies to be general and service independent. In order to test our proposaI we have built a prototype based on the implementation of several adaptation scenarios
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Benjamin, Stephen. "Tartuffe: A Modern Adaptation." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1373395035.
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Cohen, Salomon Yves. "Adaptation au scotome central." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066063.
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Wyatt, Gregory Alan Kenneth. "Coevolutionary adaptation in mutualisms." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c3318211-a893-432e-a52e-35a6c60b76ce.
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Natural selection favours those individuals that respond best to novel features of their selective environment. For many, a critical challenge is responding to evolutionary change in mutualistic species. These responses create complex feedbacks, so only coevolutionary approaches are able to fully answer key questions about the maintenance or disruption of mutualistic behaviour, and explain the range of mechanisms that allow individuals to benefit from these associations. I first consider the hypothesis that economic models studying multiple classes of traders, where each trader seeks to optimise its own payoffs will yield insights into mutualistic systems. I show that individuals can be favoured to discriminate amongst potential partners based on the price for which they provide resources. Then, I show that market mechanisms can maintain cooperation and drive specialisation in mutualistic systems. I extend this market model to allow individuals to restrict a mutualistic partner's access to resources, and show that this strategy can stabilise cooperation and increase the fitness of both partners. I also explicitly incorporate relatedness in my market model. I show that high relatedness sometimes increases cooperativeness in members of a mutualistic species, but sometimes decreases cooperativeness as it narrow the scope for partner choice to maintain cooperation. Having studied market mechanisms, I consider indiscriminate costly help to members of another species. I discover that this trait can be favoured by natural selection and can be classified as either altruism between or altruism within species. Finally, I consider a framework for analysing coevolved phenotypic responses to a partner's cooperativeness, a challenging process to model. I demonstrate that this framework can yield firm predictions about behaviour whenever partners hold private information about their costs and benefits.
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Luczak, Elizabeth Diane. "Modifiers of cardiac adaptation." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3305611.
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Schorr, Andreas. "Multimedia stream adaptation services." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-58775.
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Ho, Ka-Lung. "Kernel eigenvoice speaker adaptation /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202003%20HOK.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-61). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Burgess, Tony L. "Agave Adaptation to Aridity." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554187.
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To show features of Agave taxa adapting to arid habitats, comparative studies at three taxonomic levels in the genus are presented. There is a brief review of Agave physiology and some aspects of recent evolution are discussed. Comparisons among species groups within the genus show several traits differentiating desert species from related taxa. Related taxa in the Deserticolae group are examined over a transect in Baja California, revealing patterns linking leaf shape to climate. In a comparison of leaves of A. desert] Engelm. along an elevational gradient, high intrapopulation variation obscures differences between the sites. Results are summarized as hypotheses to be tested.
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Cavalcanti, Ana Paula Carvalho. "Software reuse process adaptation." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2007. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2690.
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Previous issue date: 2007O contexto atual de desenvolvimento de software requer certo grau de organização para desenvolver produtos e as Definições de Processos aparecem como uma tentativa de formalizar e estruturar o conjunto de passos, seguidos pela equipe, com o objetivo de entregar o produto final com a qualidade desejada pelo cliente. Nesse contexto, Reuso de Software emerge para aumentar o lucro das empresas e possibilitar o reuso de componentes produzidos em projetos anteriores. Os benefícios provenientes através introdução da disciplina de reuso para aumentar a produtividade das equipes e o desenvolvimento apropriado de produtos através de reuso requerem um determinado guia de atividades, contemplados pela definição de um Processo de Reuso para auxiliar as equipes executarem o desenvolvimento. No entanto, a introdução de processos de reuso, em organizações que já possuem práticas funcionais bem estabelecidas, é uma atividade mais complexa porque é importante preservar os hábitos institucionalizados e não mudar drasticamente práticas executadas propriamente pelas equipes. Nesse cenário, uma Adaptação, para introduzir um processo orientado a reuso em uma organização que já possui um processo de desenvolvimento, é necessária para minimizar as barreiras da implantação de um processo. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar um Processo de Adaptação, que coleta especificações de um processo orientado a reuso e um processo tradicional, para gerar uma descrição comum contemplando características e especificações dos cenários dos dois processos
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Balslev, Ida Kathrine. "From interpretation to adaptation." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-320492.
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The dramatic structure is like the skeleton that holds together the components and gives birth to the orchestration of the performance.This structure is essential to give the performance life.As a director in theatre it is our main tool. In defining the performance we define the dramaturgy. But what does the dramaturgy consist of and how do we get a hold of a tool, which is so driven by our intuition and how do we change it during the process? In this thesis work I will focus on how to use the dramatic principles in different works from interpretation to adaptation. I will explore how these principles function in each process and how they support the dramaturgy towards the creation of the performance.
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Felix, José Carlos. "Film and television adaptation." Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/87828.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura CorrespondenteMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T02:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal investigar o processo de adaptação de filmes baseados em textos literários em relação ao contexto histórico e social em que eles foram produzidos. Desta forma, a pesquisa apresenta uma análise comparativa de duas versões cinematográficas da peça do dramaturgo Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire produzidas em momentos históricos distintos, a primeira para o cinema, dirigida por Elia Kazan (1951) e a outra feita para a televisão, dirigida por Glenn Jordan (1995). Uma discussão sistemática sobre o processo de
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Prenzler, Elizabeth A. "Musculoskeletal adaptation to dance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36748/1/36748_Prenzler_1998.pdf.
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Training can facilitate adaptive changes in the human body in response to activity, and these changes are evident in dancers. Unique manoeuvres inherent in the training programmes and performance of dancers have a significant influence on adaptive responses of the musculo-skeletal system. These set manoeuvres must be executed to be visually correct and often involve extreme ranges of movement, along with highly repetitive moves and frequent jumping. As dancers often begin training at an early age, physiological changes may take place as their bodies adapt to the positions and loads experienced. Additional factors that may influence adaptation are nutritional deficiencies, menstrual abnormalities, floor surfaces, inadequate footwear and hours of practice. The process of adaptation affects both the skeletal and muscular systems of the body and both positive and negative consequences are evident. Negative effects may be expressed by high injury rates, pertaining mainly to the lower limb and often chronic in nature. A significant factor in the cause of injury relates to the inability to effectively match training levels and intensities with positive adaptation. Bone mineral density (BMD) is one measure that can be taken to examine the adaptive response of bone. Following training, BMD has been found to increase at specific sites in response to loading at those sites. However, if the loads or frequency of loads are too great, failure may occur which may ultimateiy lead to stress fractures. Muscular adaptation to training may be evident by increases in muscular strength and the presence of muscle imbalance, although a precise definition of what constitutes an imbalance is unclear. Studies claim that symmetry in terms of strength should exist between muscles on opposite sides of the body, or that a specific ratio is found between the agonisUantagonist muscle groups of the same extremity. A discrepancy of more than 10% from expected values has been classified as an imbalance, potentially causing injury, and muscle imbalances have frequently been linked with dancing injuries. While many studies have investigated imbalance and injury, the relationship between them is still unclear and few studies have targeted specific muscle groups in the area of dance. It is necessary to prospectively examine this relationship and to more closely monitor training intensities and subsequent changes in the musculo-skeletal system. The purpose of this study was to investigate prospectively the relationship between factors commonly associated with injuries and the injury profiles of female dancers. The specific aims were to determine the anthropometry, skeletal status, muscular strength and flexibility characteristics of this group of dancers; to investigate the nature of the training program with respect to duration, intensity and frequency components; and to investigate the relationship between these factors and injury throughout a season of dancing.
Twenty female dance students from the Queensland University of Technology dance program and five female dance students from the Brisbane Dance Centre participated in the study. Over a 10-month period, five measures were taken at the beginning of the university semester. Muscie strength was measured using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer including hip flexors/extensors, hip abductors/adductors, hip external/internal rotators, knee fiexors/extensors, ankle invertors/evertors and ankie plantar/dorsiflexors. These measures were also used to determine muscle strength ratio's. Passive ranges of movement of the above actions were measured using a Leighton flexometer. The Lunar densitometer was used to measure bone mineral density of the proximal femur and lumbar spine. Anthropometric measures were used to establish body composition and a submaximal fitness test was carried out at each of the test periods. Continual monitoring of activity levels and injuries occurred throughout the 10 month period. Training intensity was established by analysis of dance classes, activity diaries and force plate measurements.
The training hours of dancers were not significantly different between injured and non-injured dancers. It was noted however, that there was a discrepancy between the number of hours recorded and the actual number of active hours completed in the dancers training history, due to the nature of the dance classes. No skeletal injuries were recorded, therefore a comparison with BMD measures could not be made, however the values from the dancers from this study were higher than previous dance studies. Muscular characteristics in terms of strength and flexibility did show evidence of adaptation at certain joints compared to normal values, however they were different again to professional dancers. While a number of characteristics showed significant differences between injured and non-injured groups, these were viewed with caution due to the exploratory nature of the study. They did reveal however, that further investigation, particularly around the ankle joint and hip joint is warranted.
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Cully, Antoine. "Creative Adaptation through Learning." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066664/document.
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Les robots ont profondément transformé l’industrie manufacturière et sont susceptibles de délivrer de grands bénéfices pour la société, par exemple en intervenant sur des lieux de catastrophes naturelles, lors de secours à la personne ou dans le cadre de la santé et des transports. Ce sont aussi des outils précieux pour la recherche scientifique, comme pour l’exploration des planètes ou des fonds marins. L’un des obstacles majeurs à leur utilisation en dehors des environnements parfaitement contrôlés des usines ou des laboratoires, est leur fragilité. Alors que les animaux peuvent rapidement s’adapter à des blessures, les robots actuels ont des difficultés à faire preuve de créativité lorsqu’ils doivent surmonter un problème inattendu: ils sont limités aux capteurs qu’ils embarquent et ne peuvent diagnostiquer que les situations qui ont été anticipées par leur concepteurs. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche différente qui consiste à laisser le robot apprendre de lui-même un comportement palliant la panne. Cependant, les méthodes actuelles d’apprentissage sont lentes même lorsque l’espace de recherche est petit et contraint. Pour surmonter cette limitation et permettre une adaptation rapide et créative, nous combinons la créativité des algorithmes évolutionnistes avec la rapidité des algorithmes de recherche de politique à travers trois contributions : les répertoires comportementaux, l’adaptation aux dommages et le transfert de connaissance entre plusieurs tâches. D’une manière générale, ces travaux visent à apporter les fondations algorithmiques permettant aux robots physiques d’être plus robustes, performants et autonomesRobots have transformed many industries, most notably manufacturing, and have the power to deliver tremendous benefits to society, for example in search and rescue, disaster response, health care, and transportation. They are also invaluable tools for scientific exploration of distant planets or deep oceans. A major obstacle to their widespread adoption in more complex environments and outside of factories is their fragility. While animals can quickly adapt to injuries, current robots cannot “think outside the box” to find a compensatory behavior when they are damaged: they are limited to their pre-specified self-sensing abilities, which can diagnose only anticipated failure modes and strongly increase the overall complexity of the robot. In this thesis, we propose a different approach that considers having robots learn appropriate behaviors in response to damage. However, current learning techniques are slow even with small, constrained search spaces. To allow fast and creative adaptation, we combine the creativity of evolutionary algorithms with the learning speed of policy search algorithms through three contributions: the behavioral repertoires, the damage recovery using these repertoires and the transfer of knowledge across tasks. Globally, this work aims to provide the algorithmic foundations that will allow physical robots to be more robust, effective and autonomous
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Cully, Antoine. "Creative Adaptation through Learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066664.
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Les robots ont profondément transformé l’industrie manufacturière et sont susceptibles de délivrer de grands bénéfices pour la société, par exemple en intervenant sur des lieux de catastrophes naturelles, lors de secours à la personne ou dans le cadre de la santé et des transports. Ce sont aussi des outils précieux pour la recherche scientifique, comme pour l’exploration des planètes ou des fonds marins. L’un des obstacles majeurs à leur utilisation en dehors des environnements parfaitement contrôlés des usines ou des laboratoires, est leur fragilité. Alors que les animaux peuvent rapidement s’adapter à des blessures, les robots actuels ont des difficultés à faire preuve de créativité lorsqu’ils doivent surmonter un problème inattendu: ils sont limités aux capteurs qu’ils embarquent et ne peuvent diagnostiquer que les situations qui ont été anticipées par leur concepteurs. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche différente qui consiste à laisser le robot apprendre de lui-même un comportement palliant la panne. Cependant, les méthodes actuelles d’apprentissage sont lentes même lorsque l’espace de recherche est petit et contraint. Pour surmonter cette limitation et permettre une adaptation rapide et créative, nous combinons la créativité des algorithmes évolutionnistes avec la rapidité des algorithmes de recherche de politique à travers trois contributions : les répertoires comportementaux, l’adaptation aux dommages et le transfert de connaissance entre plusieurs tâches. D’une manière générale, ces travaux visent à apporter les fondations algorithmiques permettant aux robots physiques d’être plus robustes, performants et autonomesRobots have transformed many industries, most notably manufacturing, and have the power to deliver tremendous benefits to society, for example in search and rescue, disaster response, health care, and transportation. They are also invaluable tools for scientific exploration of distant planets or deep oceans. A major obstacle to their widespread adoption in more complex environments and outside of factories is their fragility. While animals can quickly adapt to injuries, current robots cannot “think outside the box” to find a compensatory behavior when they are damaged: they are limited to their pre-specified self-sensing abilities, which can diagnose only anticipated failure modes and strongly increase the overall complexity of the robot. In this thesis, we propose a different approach that considers having robots learn appropriate behaviors in response to damage. However, current learning techniques are slow even with small, constrained search spaces. To allow fast and creative adaptation, we combine the creativity of evolutionary algorithms with the learning speed of policy search algorithms through three contributions: the behavioral repertoires, the damage recovery using these repertoires and the transfer of knowledge across tasks. Globally, this work aims to provide the algorithmic foundations that will allow physical robots to be more robust, effective and autonomous
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Purmann, Sascha [Verfasser]. "Different mechanisms underlying adaptation to frequent and adaptation to recent conflict / Sascha Purmann." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1133541410/34.
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Ayers, Jessica. "Understanding the adaptation paradox : can global climate change adaptation policy be locally inclusive?" Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/393/.
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The governance of climate change adaptation presents a paradox: Climate change is a global risk, yet vulnerability is locally experienced. In order to address this paradox, debates in environmental governance need to find ways of integrating local perceptions of risk with global risk assessments. But how can local inclusiveness be achieved in the context of global environmental risks, and what kinds of institutions are needed? Accordingly, this thesis looks at three inter-related concepts from the social sciences that address the challenge of inclusive policy making, but are as yet under-examined in the context of climate change adaptation: (i) Participation, drawing from development studies; (ii) Expertise, drawing from Science and Technology Studies (STS); and (iii) Deliberation, drawing from political science. It is argued that these concepts have not been sufficiently advanced to take account of the challenges raised by the ‘adaptation paradox.’ The hypothesis of this thesis is that this paradox gives rise to a globalised discourse on adaptation that restricts discussion of risk to ‘global’ and technical expertise, and is not open to localised vulnerability-based knowledge about how risks are experienced. This hypothesis is tested by asking: i) What is the evidence that conflicting definitions of climate risk inhibit inclusive adaptation policy making? And ii) Under what circumstances is local inclusiveness achieved under global climate change policy frameworks? This study collects and analyses a new set of data on the main avenue for the inclusion of vulnerable groups in adaptation policy making: National Adaptation Programmes of Actions (NAPAs). Through a detailed empirical case study analysis of the NAPA process in Bangladesh and Nepal, this study examines the evidence that NAPAs achieved inclusiveness, and the circumstances of more inclusive decisionmaking. This data suggests Nepal took a more inclusive approach to NAPA preparation than Bangladesh; and that this was a result of the choices around how to ‘do inclusiveness’ that were in turn influenced by the historical and political contexts within which these decisions were made. Based on these findings, the thesis argues that current approaches to ‘local inclusiveness’ in global adaptation policy need to pay more attention to the deliberative component of participatory policy making, in terms of how deliberative institutions can shape participatory spaces, and how history and politics have in turn shaped how deliberation takes place in each location.
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Li, Siu Leung, and 李小良. "Toward a theory of dramatic adaptation: with special reference to Shakespearean and Ming Qing adaptations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207352.
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Li, Siu-leung. "Toward a theory of dramatic adaptation : with special reference to Shakespearean and Ming Qing adaptations /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12324322.
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Snipes, Chelsie, and Richard T. Carter. "Sound transmission by the hyoid apparatus during echolocation in bats." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2021/presentations/6.
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Sound transmission by the hyoid apparatus during echolocation in bats
Chelsie C.G. Snipes1 and Richard T. Carter1
1 East Tennessee State University, Johnson City TN, USA
The morphology of the stylohyal-tympanic bone articulation found in laryngeally echolocating bats is highly indicative of a function associated with signal production. One untested hypothesis is that this morphology allows the transfer of a sound signal from the larynx to the tympanic bones (auditory bulla) via the hyoid apparatus during signal production by the larynx. To test this hypothesis, we used µCT data, CAD editing software, and finite element analysis (FEA) to model the propagation of sound through the hyoid chain into the tympanic bones. This involved making digital segmentations from the µCT data of the tympanic bones and cartilaginous segments and converting it into a digital mesh body. Since the cartilaginous segments are not visible in CTs, we segmented the air in each gap and subsequently used a Boolean function in CAD software to fit each bony end into their respective cartilaginous segment. Further post-processing of the model included a reduction in the number of facets bodies and smoothing surfaces which allowed us to convert it into a solid body model. The solid body geometry was then uploaded into FEA software and assigned material properties for cortical bone, cartilage, and bulla. Additional biomechanical data, including Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and speed of sound through each material were defined in previous literature. We ran two FEA analysis with our model: the first was an acoustic analysis that modelled sound propagation through our material (bone and cartilage), and the second was a coupled modal and structural analysis that modelled resonant behavior and sound pressure wave propagation from the hyoid body to the tympanic bones. Our models support the hypothesis that bats use this physical connection between the larynx and auditory bulla to transfer sound (mechanical excitation). Our models show both pressure waves and vibration due to resonance could be used to transfer this signal and this resonance behavior can be modulated by restraining the hyoid apparatus, perhaps through muscle contraction. We propose that by modulating the resonant behavior of the hyoid apparatus, bats can selectively filter which frequencies of sound are transferred from the larynx to the auditory bulla during echolocation signal production.
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Satgunam, PremNandhini. "Dynamics of vergence eye movements in pre-vergence adaptation and post-vergence adaptation conditions." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1196173244.
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Cardwell, Sarah Elizabeth Fleur. "Adaptation revisited : nostalgia, genre and the televisual in the 1980s/1990s classic-novel adaptation." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392081.
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The thesis is concerned with British television classic-novel adaptations and their cultural significance. It interrogates at some length the arguments of comparative theorists and critics, and examines the implicit presumptions and conceptualisations that have determined their various influential approaches. The thesis develops an alternative understanding of these programmes, explicitly resisting a traditional comparative approach, and instead exploring a genre and the broader textual, cultural and social discourses within which it exists. The texts are conceived as sites of interplay between discourses about the past, the present, television and, reflexively, the genre itself, and are explored through close textual analysis that focuses on these concerns. British television classic-novel adaptations establish a generic microcosm that can be identified by its characteristic tropes of content (in particular, representations of the past), style and mood(s). Traditionally, this microcosm has been justifiably associated with nostalgia; however, whilst the nostalgic mode is still prevalent, generic development and the influence of (post)modern cultural discourses have resulted in the possibility of a wider range of meanings and consequent interpretations. In addition, classic-novel adaptations are necessarily and problematically situated within the context of the televisual, and the televisual context has impacted upon the genre's identity and development. The thesis elucidates the specificity of the televisual - highlighting its 'presentness', 'performativity', and intertextuality. The salience of a limited range of theories of the postmodern to the proffered conceptualisations of televisuality and (post)nostalgia is indicated. Informed by detailed conceptualisations of postmodern nostalgia and the televisual, the genre is examined textually, contextually and intertextually. The thesis therefore aims to reconfigure the theoretical assumptions behind the study of adaptation and propose an alternative conceptual and interpretative framework, grounding the study in detailed discussion of adaptations made in Britain over a twenty-year period (1980s and 1990s).
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Benesrighe, Driss. "Investissement international : adaptation des firmes et adaptation des theories. le poids des cycles longs." Amiens, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AMIE0003.
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- regard sur les differentes tentatives theoriques pour expliquer l'ide et analyse de son evolution sectorielle et geographique. - constat : les tentatives de theorisation des mouvements de l'ide sont tres partielles car elles ne concernent pas toutes les formes d'investissement ou ne correspondent pas a toutes les periodes. - analyse des mouvements d'investissement (fusions, acquisitions, alliances et accords de cooperation) qui mettent en evidence l'elargissement du recours aux strategies d'externalisation (en opposition aux explications theoriques pronant l'internalisation comme base de l'internationalisation des firmes). Pour rendre ce travail plus concret, on a procede a une application sur le secteur automobile. Afin de montrer que les orientations strategiques recentes s'inscrivent dans la continuite des mouvements d'internationalisation, nous avons eu recours a l'analyse des cycles longs. En effet, en distinguant periode de crise - periode de croissance, on peut saisir les changements strategiques en rapport avec les changements de l'environnement (contexte economique) de maniere dynamique (situer l'evolution des changements strategiques dans le temps)Study of the different theories about direct investment abroad and analysis of its geographical and branch evolution. We established that the attempts to theorize the direct investment are incomplete since they do not deal with all the forms of investment or they cannot be applied to all the periods. Analysis of the investments' trends (mergers and acquisitions, alliances and cooperation agreements) showing that more and more firms have an externalization strategy (as opposed to internalization strategies recommended in many theories as a start to internationalization of firms). We gave a concrete base to our study by making an application onto the automobil branch. In order to prove that the recent strategic trends belong to the internationalisation movements, we appeal to the analysis of the long waves. Making the difference between crisis periods and boom periods allows us to focus on the strategic changes following the changes in the economic context
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Pimentel, Niño Maria Alejandra. "Video adaptation over heterogeneous networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283931.
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Los servicios de video hoy en día hacen parte de nuestras interacciones cotidianas y aportan la mayor parte del tráfico en la red. Su uso más amplio incluye escenarios fuera de lo común como lo son la ayuda en emergencias o en telemedicina. Por otra parte, las demandas de los usuarios de tales servicios, en términos de experiencia usuario, sigue en aumento, llevando a requerimientos más especializados de Calidad de Experiencia ( QoE en ínglés). Garantizar cierto nivel de satisfacción de usuario en escenarios exigentes donde las redes a disposición son heterogéneas continua siendo in problema abierto.
Los objetivos principales de esta tesis han sido: 1) proponer un marco de trabajo para networking heterogéneo que permita la transmisión de video de manera impecable a través de redes heterogéneas, 2) proponer un marco centrado en el usuario, para transmitir video que sea coherente con el networking heterogéneo, y 3) diseñar un modelo y solución completos para ofrecer video adaptativo tal que se cumplan los requerimientos de satisfacción de usuario.
A continuación se presentan las contribuciones de esta tesis que cumplen los tres objetivos trazados.
Primero, proponemos modelar las redes heterogéneas desde un ángulo holístico. La metodología de este diseño holístico de sistema está basado en dos conceptos novedosos. En primer lugar, proveer un marco a través del cual las instancias de red pueden ser modeladas para garantizar generalidad y robustez. En segundo lugar, caracterizar de manera única las instancias de red a través de su min-cut. La ventaja de este marco es que puede verse como un modelo de sistema subyacente que garantiza una impecable transmisión de contenido sin importar la instancia de red. Esto es posible formulando una optimización cross-layer para transmisión de contenido, coherente con la filosofía de networking centrada en la información (information-centric networking).
Segundo, proponemos un marco para video adaptativo impulsado por el QoE, basado en una formulación de optimización cross-layer. El algoritmo resultante permite la adaptación de video y se basa en los retardos de redes variantes en el tiempo, por lo tanto tiene en cuenta las restricciones de redes con retardos largos y las dificultades de establecer un camino de retorno que permita la adaptabilidad a los cambios en la red. Esta solución se ha evaluado sistemáticamente, tanto en entornos emulados como en una solución complemente implementada experimentalmente.
Tercero, proponemos la contribución principal de esta tesis: un modelo completo centrado en el usuario, que ofrece servicios de video en redes heterogéneas. El problema de borrado de paquetes y de congestión en las redes sin garantías (best-effort) es desacoplado para así hacerlos coincidir con los efectos respectivos que degradan el video. Esto permite la formulación de dos problemas de optimización, en tiempo (fotogramas congelados) y espacio (artefactos en la imagen). La solución completa además una novedosa dimensión semántica coherente con information-centric networking, que propone reflejar las necesidades perceptuales del usuario final. Probamos las ventajas de nuestro diseño para escenarios donde el video es necesario para adquirir conciencia de situaciones (situation awareness), donde se usan comúnmente redes heterogéneas y mostramos ganancias considerables en términos de reducción de los efectos de la congestión y el borrado de paquetes, mientras que mejoramos el QoE y cumplimos las demandas perceptuales de los usuarios.Video services have become part of everyday interactions and contribute to a major portion of network traffic. Their broader usage includes out-of-the-ordinary scenarios as aid in emergencies, or telemedicine. Moreover, user demands of such services in terms of overall user experience continue to increase, leading to more specialized Quality of Experience (QoE) requirements. Guaranteeing a level of satisfaction to the user in challenging scenarios where the alternative networks are heterogeneous in nature continues to be an open issue. The main objectives of this thesis have been to: 1) propose a framework for heterogeneous networking that allows for a seamless delivery of video content along diverse heterogeneous networks, 2) propose a user-centric framework for video transmission in line with heterogeneous networking, and 3) design a complete model and solution to provide video adaptation in heterogeneous networks such that it meets the requirements for user satisfaction. The contributions of this thesis, such that the three objectives are met are as follows. First, we propose to model heterogeneous networks with a holistic approach. The methodology of this holistic system design is based on two novel concepts. On one hand, to provide a framework by which heterogeneous network instances can be modeled to guarantee generality and robustness. On the other hand, to uniquely characterize the network instances via their min-cut. The strength of this framework is its usage as an underlying system model that can guarantee seamless content delivery regardless of the network instance. The latter is possible by formulating a general cross-layer optimization for content delivery, coherent to information-centric networking philosophy. Second, we propose a QoE-driven adaptive video framework, based on a cross-layer optimization formulation. The derived adaptive video algorithm for time-variant networks is delay-driven, hence contemplates the constraints of long-delayed networks and the challenges of establishing a feedback loop to enable the network adaptability. The framework is evaluated systematically, in both an emulation and a fully implemented experimental environment. Third, we propose the main contribution of this thesis: a complete model to provide user-centric video services in heterogeneous networks. The problem of combined erasures and congestion in best effort network is decoupled to match the specific degrading effects on the video. This allows for two separate QoE driven optimization approaches in time (freezes) and space (artifacts) domain. The complete solution offers a feasible dynamic streaming adaptation that suits constraint heterogeneous networks such as satellite. The performance is evaluated through a novel QoE three-dimensional analysis. The overall solution contemplates a novel semantical dimension, in line with information-centric networking, with an unexplored take on semantics that intends to reflect on the perceptual needs of the end user. We prove the strength of our design for the situation awareness scenario, where heterogeneous networks are often used, and show substantial gain in terms of mitigation of the effects of congestion and erasures while improving QoE and achieving the expected user's perceptual demands.
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Hoyet, Ludovic. "Adaptation dynamique de mouvements humains." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589640.
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Depuis plusieurs années, la simulation de mouvements d'humains virtuels est devenue un enjeu important pour de nombreux domaines. Comprendre le fonctionnement du mouvement humain et le simuler intéresse des disciplines variées, telles que l'animation par ordinateur, la robotique, la biomécanique, etc. Dans le cas de l'animation d'humains virtuels, le but est d'utiliser ces connaissances pour créer des humanoïdes aussi réalistes que possible. De nombreux travaux ont été déjà été réalisés, permettant désormais de gérer de nombreuses tâches avec des mouvements fidèles à ce qu'un humain aurait réalisé. L'une des contraintes importante du réalisme du mouvement humain est le respect des lois de la dynamique. Tout humain est soumis à ces lois inviolables, faisant partie des lois de la physique. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l'étude et la modélisation simplifiée de la dynamique du mouvement humain afin d'atteindre des performances compatibles avec des applications interactives. Le travail proposé se décompose donc en trois parties : analyser le comportement de l'être humain face à certaines contraintes dynamiques, évaluer la capacité d'un utilisateur à percevoir les subtilités gestuelles induites par ces contraintes et proposer une nouvelle méthode d'animation d'humains virtuels tirant le meilleur profit de ces connaissances. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous sommes donc tout d'abord penchés sur l'étude de la mesure d'équilibre dynamique du mouvement humain. Différents critères de mesure de l'équilibre et du déséquilibre du mouvement humain existent depuis des années en biomécanique et robotique. Dans le but d'évaluer l'efficacité de ces critères, nous avons réalisé une étude portant sur différent types de mouvements pour catégoriser le domaine d'utilisation optimal de chaque critère. Cependant, si la dynamique joue un rôle crucial dans le réalisme du mouvement, peu de travaux traitent de la perception des propriétés dynamiques. Dans le but de définir un seuil de perception, nous avons étudié la capacité des utilisateurs à détecter la masse d'un objet porté par un humain réel (vidéo) ou virtuel (animation). Il sort de l'étude réalisée qu'une faible différence de charge portée par un humain n'est pas perçue. Cependant, nous ne notons pas différence de précision si la séquence provient d'une vidéo ou d'une animation en images de synthèse. Ainsi, malgré le fait que des informations soient perdues lors du processus de capture de mouvements et de synthèse, les éléments liés à la dynamique du mouvement sont préservées et perçus par l'utilisateur. Au vu de l'imprécision avec laquelle un utilisateur perçoit les adaptations gestuelles dues à des contraintes dynamiques, nous avons proposé un modèle simplifié d'adaptation du mouvement en réponse à de nouvelles contraintes dynamiques. Lorsqu'un humain virtuel est soumis à des perturbations non présentes dans le mouvement d'origine, la méthode traite séparément l'adaptation posturale et temporelle du mouvement, entraînant une légère imprécision au profit d'une amélioration considérable du temps de calcul. Le mouvement obtenu est davantage adapté aux contraintes dynamiques que ne l'était celui d'origine, à moindre coût de calcul.
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Rigollet, Philippe. "Inégalités d'oracle, agrégation et adaptation." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00115494.
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Historiquement, les inégalités d'oracle ont été développées comme des outils particulièrement efficaces pour l'adaptation à un paramètre inconnu en statistique mathématique. Initialement dédiées à la démonstration de propriétés statistiques de certains estimateurs, elles peuvent s'inscrire dans le cadre plus général du problème l'agrégation où elles sont au centre de la définition d'une vitesse optimale d'agrégation. Elles constituent alors d'une part des outils mathématiques et d'autre part des résultats précis et non asymptotiques.Les travaux faisant l'objet de cette thèse présentent différentes utilisations des inégalités d'oracle, d'abord dans un cadre général d'agrégation puis dans des modèles statistiques plus particuliers, comme l'estimation de densité et la classification. Les résultats obtenus sont une palette non exhaustive mais représentative de l'utilisation des inégalités d'oracle en statistique mathématique.
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Magoariec, Hélène. "Adaptation élastoplastique et homogénéisation périodique." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007063.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail est une contribution à l'analyse de la tenue mécanique de milieux hétérogènes soumis à des chargements variables et bornés. On propose une méthode numérique permettant d'étudier, par une approche directe essentiellement basée sur le théorème statique de Melan, l'adaptation de matériaux élastoplastiques parfaits à microstructure hétérogène, périodique et tridimensionnelle. L'objectif est de coupler la théorie de l'adaptation élastoplastique, permettant d'étudier le comportement de milieux soumis à des chargements variables, avec la théorie de l'homogénéisation périodique, permettant de prendre finement en compte l'influence du comportement microscopique de milieux hétérogènes sur leur comportement macroscopique. La méthode consiste à résoudre le problème d'adaptation sur une cellule de base 3D -considérée comme une microstructure représentative des hétérogénéités- et à exprimer les résultats, par l'intermédiaire de relations de moyenne, en termes de domaines admissibles de chargements extérieurs : les déformations et contraintes macroscopiques. Numériquement, ceci se traduit par le couplage entre un code éléments finis, permettant de prendre en compte l'aspect homogénéisation du problème en formulant rigoureusement les relations de périodicité et de moyenne, et un logiciel d'optimisation non linéaire sous contraintes, permettant d'expliciter le problème d'adaptation. La méthode est appliquée à des milieux 3D classiques ainsi qu'à des structures de type plaque mince périodique. Au terme de ce travail, on dispose d'un outil numérique général, en ce sens qu'il permet d'étudier comment éviter la rupture, par dissipation plastique illimitée, de milieux périodiquement hétérogènes, et ce, quelle que soit la cellule de base 3D considérée.
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Pennings, Pleuni. "Models of adaptation and speciation." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-66567.
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