Academic literature on the topic 'Adaptation optimale de la charge'
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Journal articles on the topic "Adaptation optimale de la charge"
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Malak, S. "Leucémies liées à des traitements anticancéreux : spécificités, difficultés et perspectives." Psycho-Oncologie 11, no. 4 (December 2017): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/s11839-017-0632-z.
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Les leucémies liées à des traitements anticancéreux, radio- ou chimiothérapies sont des maladies rares, mais redoutables. De nombreux défis attendent chacun des intervenants à chaque étape de ces prises en charge. Notamment, les soignants pourront éprouver la culpabilité liée à la possible causalité avec les traitements antérieurs et les difficultés d'une information appropriée dans un contexte d'incertitude. Pour les personnes malades et les proches, la difficulté légitime face à une maladie inattendue vécue comme une double peine, l'inquiétude d'être porteur d'un terrain génétique à risque, les interrogations sur la causalité pouvant impacter avec la relation médecin–patient et, parfois paradoxalement, une plus grande adaptation que lors du premier cancer. Ces maladies nécessitent des traitements urgents et souvent intensifs, qui ne peuvent parfois être conduits de façon optimale, justement, du fait des thérapeutiques antérieurement reçues. Cependant, les évolutions actuelles tant sur le plan de la compréhension que des possibilités de se prémunir de ces maladies, et sur l'amélioration des conditions de traitements, ouvrent des perspectives jusqu'ici inespérées.
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Li, Hangyang, Yunshan Zhou, Huanjian Xiong, Bing Fu, and Zhiliang Huang. "Real-Time Control Strategy for CVT-Based Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Drivability Constraints." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 20, 2019): 2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102074.
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The energy management strategy has a great influence on the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles, and the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) has proved to be a useful tool for the real-time optimal control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). However, the adaptation of the equivalent factor poses a major challenge in order to obtain optimal fuel consumption as well as robustness to varying driving cycles. In this paper, an adaptive-ECMS based on driving pattern recognition (DPR) is established for hybrid electric vehicles with continuously variable transmission. The learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network model was adopted for the on-line DPR algorithm. The influence of the battery state of charge (SOC) on the optimal equivalent factor was studied under different driving patterns. On this basis, a method of adaptation of the equivalent factor was proposed by considering the type of driving pattern and the battery SOC. Besides that, in order to enhance drivability, penalty terms were introduced to constrain frequent engine on/off events and large variations of the continuously variable transmission (CVT) speed ratio. Simulation results showed that the proposed method efficiently improved the equivalent fuel consumption with charge-sustaining operations and also took into account driving comfort.
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Lin, Xinyou, Qigao Feng, Liping Mo, and Hailin Li. "Optimal adaptation equivalent factor of energy management strategy for plug-in CVT HEV." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 877–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018755612.
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This study presents an adaptive energy management control strategy developed by optimally adjusting the equivalent factor (EF) in real-time based on driving pattern recognition (DPR), to guarantee the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) can adapt to various driving cycles and different expected trip distances and to further improve the fuel economy performance. First, the optimization model for the EF with the battery state of charge (SOC) and trip distance were developed based on the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). Furthermore, a methodology of extracting the globally optimal EF model from genetic algorithm (GA) solution is proposed for the design of the EF adaptation strategy. The EF as the function of trip distances and SOC in various driving cycles is expressed in the form of map that can be applied directly in the corresponding driving cycle. Finally, the algorithm of DPR based on learning vector quantization (LVQ) is established to identify the driving mode and update the optimal EF. Simulation and hardware-in-loop experiments are conducted on synthesis driving cycles to validate the proposed strategy. The results indicate that the optimal adaption EF control strategy will be able to adapt to different expected trip distances and improve the fuel economy performance by up to 13.8% compared to the ECMS with constant EF.
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Pérez, Wilson, Punit Tulpule, Shawn Midlam-Mohler, and Giorgio Rizzoni. "Data-Driven Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Hybrid Electric and Connected Vehicles." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2022): 2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052705.
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Advanced energy management strategies (EMS) are used to control the power flow through a vehicle’s powertrain. However, the cost of high-power computational hardware and lack of a priori knowledge of future road conditions poses difficult challenges for engineers attempting to implement globally optimal frameworks. One solution is to use advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and connectivity to obtain a prediction of future road conditions. This paper presents a look-ahead predictive EMS which combines approximate dynamic programming (ADP) methods and an adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) to obtain a near-optimal solution for a future prediction horizon. ECMS is highly sensitive to the equivalence factor (EF), making it necessary to adapt during a trip to account for disturbances. A novel adaptation method is presented in this work which uses an artificial neural network to learn the nonlinear relationship between a speed and the state of charge (SOC) trajectory prediction obtained from ADP to estimate the corresponding EF. A traffic uncertainty analysis demonstrates an approximately 10% fuel economy (FE) improvement over traditional A-ECMS. Using a data-driven adaptation method for A-ECMS informed by a dynamic programming (DP) based prediction results in an EMS capable of online implementation.
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Barbasova, T. A. "A MULTILEVEL RESOURCE-SAVING BLAST FURNACE PROCESS CONTROL." Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 21, no. 1 (February 2021): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr210112.
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A multilevel resource-saving blast furnace process control is considered. The resource-saving control is provided for operating, adaptation, technical and economic control in the automated systems of blast-furnace processes. It is proposed to form optimal operation modes of blast furnace heating, metal charge structures, natural gas and oxygen consumption. Decisions are made using Kohonen neural networks taking into account current and planned parameters of coke quality, iron ore, raw materials and blast. At the level of operating control, the work suggests a model predictive control to improve the resource conservation indicators. The method is based on decomposition of the general problem of the process dynamics identification on particular problems: dynamic synchronization and identification of process transfer functions. At the level of adaptive control, optimal operating modes of blast furnaces are expedient to be developed with respect to blast furnace heating, structure of metal charge, natural gas and oxygen rate considering the current and planned parameters of coke, blasting. The blast furnace operating modes are suggested to be determined based on Kohonen neural networks. In evaluating the efficiency of introducing the model predictive control, the existing actual statistics of scatter of BF mode parameters should be based upon. The fact is that the introduction of model predictive control assumes no radical change of the BF melt technology. Like in all the control systems, the BF process is considered as the set control object with all its characteristics. Changing process settings, raw material content does not introduce any cardinal variation in the scatter of process characteristics. However, in this case a transient process occurs which is necessary for the control system to identify the changing conditions. The transient process is inherent to all the control systems and the blast furnace process is not an exclusion. As a result of transient process, the control system is set to the optimal mode.
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Roudaut, R. "L’insuffisance mitrale : pour une prise en charge optimale." Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux - Pratique 2009, no. 183 (December 2009): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1261-694x(09)73512-6.
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Lefort, A. "Endocardites fongiques : quelle prise en charge thérapeutique optimale ?" La Revue de Médecine Interne 26, no. 6 (June 2005): 441–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2005.03.003.
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Dumas, Patrice, and Minh Ha-Duong. "Optimal growth with adaptation to climate change." Climatic Change 117, no. 4 (October 26, 2012): 691–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0601-7.
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Borysenko, Oksana, Sergii Logvinkov, Halyna Shabanova, Igor Ostapenko, and Olena Gaponova. "PERICLASE-SPINEL REFRACTORY MODIFIED ТІО2." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology, no. 2(6) (December 23, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.02.02.
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Over the past decades, the development and improvement of refractory materials for lining high-temperature zones of rotary kilns continues. The main requirements for refractory products for lining rotary kilns for cement clinker roasting are: high density and ultimate compressive strength, low porosity and gas permeability, increased abrasion resistance, low thermal conductivity, high corrosion resistance and the ability to form a protective layer.Today, the main goal of modern researchers is to create a heat-resistant refractory with a flexible structure that ensures its integrity at high temperatures and mechanical loads, which have the ability to form a protective coating layer. In this work, a technological approach has been tested for introducing a vibro-milled modifier (briquette based on a high-alumina component and a titanium-containing additive) into the composition of the raw charge for periclase-spinel refractory in the form of a pre-synthesized product containing crystalline phases of the Al2O3 – TiO2 – FeO system. The basis for the production of periclase-spinel refractories modified with TiO2 is the four-component system MgO – Al2O3 – FeO – TiO2, on the basis of thermodynamic calculations of which the content of individual components of the charge was selected and the operational characteristics were predicted. The interrelation of physical and mechanical properties with the content of individual components in the initial charge warehouses is shown, and the directions of solid-phase processes with their participation are noted. The features of the microstructure of the sample material are noted in relation to the formation of an optimal set of properties. It is shown that the nature of the organization of micropores is favorable for increasing the thermal stability of the material, which complements the phase adaptation mechanism also with the structural effect of damping mechanical stresses during thermal cycling.
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Hodgson, Nancy, and Laura Gitlin. "Tracking Adaptation and Fidelity When Embedding COPE, Evidence-Based Dementia Care, in PACE Sites." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.664.
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Abstract One essential question in moving dementia care interventions to practice is, “What is the optimal balance between fidelity to, and adaptation of, a proven program in “real world” settings?" We present a protocol for measuring the adaptation/fidelity and implementation of an evidence-based dementia care program (Care of Persons in their Environment, COPE) in PACE settings. During pre-implementation, science-based elements of COPE were documented including the theory of change, logic model and core components. Possible adaptations to COPE in its delivery were identified and included program structure (sequence of sessions), content (assessments), and delivery methods (online). During implementation, documentation of implementation strategies is captured using an evidence-informed checklist derived from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) workgroup. Ongoing documentation of fidelity/adaptation aspects of program implementation is conducted using the FRAME framework. Understanding methods and measures deployed in adaptation and implementation of evidence-based dementia programs can help guide future translation efforts.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Adaptation optimale de la charge"
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Saidi, Majdi. "Contribution à l'optimisation des systèmes hybrides de production énergétique à base de sources renouvelables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0627.
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Cette thèse est une contribution à la conception optimale des systèmes hybrides pour la production énergétique. Les travaux proposés sont organisés en trois parties. La première partie consiste à étudier la possibilité d’intégrer des sous-réseaux constitués d’un ensemble de producteur-exploitant connectés au réseau principal. Le but est de renforcer la décentralisation de la production énergétique en tenant compte des besoins spécifiques et des disponibles de source renouvelable. Pour ce faire, l’approche consiste à optimiser le coût de l’installation, pour le producteur-exploitant, et les taux des subventions, assurées par l’état-soutien, tout en évitant la spéculation financière. La deuxième partie traite du problème de dimensionnement des systèmes hybrides par adaptation optimale de la charge, et l’approche est effectuée en deux parties. Une première partie consiste à modéliser la charge en tenant compte des contraintes spécifiques à l’exploitation. Ensuite, lors de la deuxième partie, une optimisation de la structure est effectuée en fonction du disponible énergétique. La troisième partie est consacrée au cas spécifique d’une application en nomade. Tout d’abord, il s’agit de déterminer les différentes contraintes caractéristiques à ce type d’application (sécurité énergétique, coût de la conception, etc.) et de définir les différents problèmes d’optimisation associés aux objectifs spécifiques. Ensuite, une étude de cas exprimée comme un problème d’optimisation de nature multi-objectif est énoncée. Finalement, des solutions optimales sont identifiées à travers des outils d’intelligence artificielle et de considérations liées à l’applicationThis thesis is a contribution to the optimal design of hybrid systems for energy production. The proposed work is organised in three parts. The first part is dedicated to an energy analysis at the level of the national electricity grid. The aim is to study the possibility of integrating sub-grids consisting of a set of producer-operators connected to the main grid. The aim is to strengthen the decentralisation of energy production, taking into account the specific needs and availability of renewable sources. To achieve this, the approach is to optimise the cost of the installation for the producer-operator and the subsidy rates provided by the supporting state, while avoiding financial speculation. The second part deals with the problem of sizing hybrid systems by optimal load adaptation, and the approach is carried out in two parts. In the first part, the load is modelled taking into account the specific constraints of the operation. Then, in the second part, an optimisation of the structure is carried out according to the available energy. To illustrate the relevance of the approach, an application to a concrete case of a company is performed. The third part is devoted to the specific case of a nomadic application. First, the different constraints characteristic of this type of application (energy security, design cost, etc.) are determined and the different optimisation problems associated with the specific objectives are defined. Then, a case study expressed as an optimisation problem of a multi-objective nature is stated. Finally, optimal solutions are identified through artificial intelligence tools and application
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Vardar, Baris Nevzat. "Optimal transition to clean technologies." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E022/document.
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Cette thèse étudie les mécanismes économiques concernant la transition vers des technologies propres et examine les approches politiques pour atteindre le sentier de transition socialement optimale. Elle examine les politiques économiques visant à faire face au changement climatique, telles que l'adaptation et la taxation des ressources non-renouvelables. En outre, elle examine les politiques économiques visant à accroître l'utilisation de technologies efficaces et identifie les cas pour lesquels la politique atteint ses objectifs ou non. Elle analyse également l'impact des inégalités de richesse sur le soutien politique aux taxes environnementales. Le premier chapitre étudie la transition énergétique en utilisant un modèle de croissance optimale dans lequel les ressources non-renouvelables et renouvelables sont des substituts imparfaits. Le deuxième chapitre étudie le rôle de la politique d'adaptation sur la transition vers une économie propre. Il intègre la politique d'adaptation dans le problème de l'extraction optimale des ressources non-renouvelables avec des externalités de pollution, en mettant l'accent sur la politique d'adaptation en étant une variable de stock. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur le problème de l'adoption des nouvelles technologies dans un cadre micro-économique. Il regarde le comportement des entreprises qui font face à une décision d'investir : soit dans une capacité de production bon marché mais inefficace, soit dans une capacité plus chère mais efficace, lorsqu'on prend en compte la présence d'une contrainte financière. Le quatrième et dernier chapitre examine les effets distributifs d'une taxe sur la pollution en considérant une société dans laquelle la richesse est répartie de manière hétérogène entre les ménagesThis dissertation investigates the economic mechanisms underlying the transition to clean technologies and examines policy approaches to achieve the socially optimal path. It studies various policy measures aiming to deal with climate change, such as adaptation and taxation of non-renewable resources. Furthermore, it examines the policy instruments that target increasing the use of efficient technologies and identifies cases in which the policy reaches its objectives or not. It also analyzes the role of heterogeneity in society on agents' willingness to support a pollution tax. The first chapter studies the energy transition by using an optimal growth model in which non-renewable and renewable natural resources are imperfect substitutes in providing energy services necessary for production. The second chapter studies the role of adaptation policy on the transition to a low carbon economy. lt incorporates adaptation policy into the problem of optimal non-renewable resource extraction with pollution externalities, by focusing on the capital nature of adaptation measures. The third chapter focuses on the problem of adopting new technologies in a micro-economic framework. lt studies the behavior of firms when they face a decision to invest either in a cheap but inefficient production capacity or in an expensive but efficient one, by taking into account the presence of a financial constraint. The fourth and last chapter investigates the distributional impacts of a pollution tax by considering a society in which wealth is distributed heterogeneously among households
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Couet, Alexandre. "Adaptation de maillage anisotrope : méthode pleinement optimale basée sur un estimateur d'erreur hiérarchique en dimension 3." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28625/28625.pdf.
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Joly, Philippe. "Vers une utilisation optimale du génotypage et des scores de gravité dans la prise en charge de la drépanocytose." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10281.
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Cette thèse cherche à optimiser l’utilisation du génotypage et des scores de gravité dans la drépanocytose. L’aspect diagnostic génétique ne nous semblait pas poser problème jusqu’à ce que nous rencontrions un cas très atypique d’hétérozygotie A/S avec délétion en mosaïque du gène β-globine qui nous a conduits à réfléchir sur une nouvelle forme génétique potentielle de syndrome drépanocytaire majeur. Pour ce qui est des gènes modificateurs de drépanocytose, nous avons voulu faciliter leur l’accès en proposant, pour deux d’entre eux (haplotypes β-globine et G6PD), une méthode de génotypage rapide par HRM et/ou FRET. Notre travail a consisté ensuite en la validation d’un score de sévérité pédiatrique décrit initialement par Van den Tweel. De façon inattendue, les résultats nous ont amenés à nous interroger sur le rôle exact du génotype α-globine dans la drépanocytose avec un possible effet âge-dépendant. Enfin, nous avons étudié les fréquences alléliques des principaux polymorphismes influant sur l’activité des opiacés: une résistance pharmacologique (gènes OPRM1 et COMT) est apparue peu probable mais une proportion non négligeable de drépanocytaires pourrait avoir des génotypes ABCB1 et UGT2B7 défavorables à la biodisponibilité des opiacésThis work is submitted for a PhD thesis in the field of red cell haematology. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic disorder under polygenic and environmental control. The aim of this work was to integrate genotyping results from patients' DNA into the determination of the disease severity scores. Through a large population of SCD patients, we have discovered an atypical case of βA / βS heterozygosity namely, a mosaicism deletion of the beta-globin gene. This represents a new SCD complex situation for molecular diagnosis. Further investigations have led to set up a new genotyping method by using HRM and/or FRET for the determination of two SCD modifiers (beta-globin haplotypes and G6PD deficiency). By using a paediatric severity score of the disease proposed by Van den Tweel, our results show that there is a possible age-dependent effect of the alpha-globin gene in the severity of SCD. Finally, we studied the allelic frequencies of the main opiate-related polymorphisms: a pharmacological resistance (OPRM1 and COMT genes) seemed unlikely but a quite important proportion of patients could have both an ABCB1 and a UGT2B7 genotype unfavorable for opiates bioavailability
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NADAL, FREDERIC. "Grossesses triples en france : resultats d'une enquete sur deux ans (1987-1988) : propositions pour une prise en charge optimale." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX20706.
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Haguma, Didier. "Gestion des ressources hydriques adaptée aux changements climatiques pour la production optimale d'hydroélectricité : étude de cas : bassin versant de la rivière Manicouagan." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6128.
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Il est dorénavant établi que les changements climatiques auront des répercussions sur les ressources en eau. La situation est préoccupante pour le secteur de production d'énergie hydroélectrique, car l'eau constitue le moteur pour générer cette forme d'énergie. Il sera important d'adapter les règles de gestion et/ou les installations des systèmes hydriques, afin de minimiser les impacts négatifs et/ou pour capitaliser sur les retombées positives que les changements climatiques pourront apporter. Les travaux de la présente recherche s'intéressent au développement d'une méthode de gestion des systèmes hydriques qui tient compte des projections climatiques pour mieux anticiper les impacts de l'évolution du climat sur la production d'hydroélectricité et d'établir des stratégies d'adaptation aux changements climatiques. Le domaine d'étude est le bassin versant de la rivière Manicouagan situé dans la partie centrale du Québec. Une nouvelle approche d'optimisation des ressources hydriques dans le contexte des changements climatiques est proposée. L'approche traite le problème de la saisonnalité et de la non-stationnarité du climat d'une manière explicite pour représenter l'incertitude rattachée à un ensemble des projections climatiques. Cette approche permet d'intégrer les projections climatiques dans le problème d'optimisation des ressources en eau pour une gestion à long terme des systèmes hydriques et de développer des stratégies d'adaptation de ces systèmes aux changements climatiques. Les résultats montrent que les impacts des changements climatiques sur le régime hydrologique du bassin de la rivière Manicouagan seraient le devancement et l'atténuation de la crue printanière et l'augmentation du volume annuel d'apports. L'adaptation des règles de gestion du système hydrique engendrerait une hausse de la production hydroélectrique. Néanmoins, une perte de la performance des installations existantes du système hydrique serait observée à cause de l'augmentation des déversements non productibles dans le climat futur. Des stratégies d'adaptation structurale ont été analysées pour augmenter la capacité de production et la capacité d'écoulement de certaines centrales hydroélectriques afin d'améliorer la performance du système. Une analyse économique a permis de choisir les meilleures mesures d'adaptation et de déterminer le moment opportun pour la mise en oeuvre de ces mesures. Les résultats de la recherche offrnt aux gestionnaires des systèmes hydriques un outil qui permet de mieux anticiper les conséquences des changements climatiques sur la production hydroélectrique, incluant le rendement de centrales, les déversements non productibles et le moment le plus opportun pour inclure des modifications aux systèmes hydriques.
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Reina, Nicolas. "Les contraintes de charge asymétriques chez l'homme moderne : étude microCT sur l'os trabéculaire." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30002/document.
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L'étude de l'os est d'un intérêt majeur en Anthropologie. Constituant la charpente des vertébrés, le squelette est le reflet de l'activité motrice. En effet, chaque élément du squelette a une fonction dictée par sa forme et un rôle autorisé par sa morphologie. C'est l'illustration la plus visible de l'adaptation. Ce processus est largement étudié dans la lignée humaine et ce dogme est au cœur de nombreuses recherches en Anthropobiologie. Ces caractères sont inscrits dans la forme de l'os. Chaque courbure, apophyse ou crête témoignent au moins en partie de l'action d'un muscle ou d'une fonction dictée par un lent processus évolutif voire adaptatif. Cette évolution se fait par l'évolution de caractères externes de l'os par sa forme ou l'anatomie " visible " d'une part et par l'évolution de caractères plus internes, subtils et directement lié aux propriétés biomécaniques de l'os à savoir l'os trabéculaire. L'os trabéculaire est un matériau plus fragile, déformable que l'os cortical. Il constitue une trace indirecte des contraintes appliquées squelette. C'est ainsi que les activités locomotrices, alimentaires ou occupationnelle seront inscrite dans l'endostructure osseuse. C'est la théorie développée par Wolff dès 1870 dans " The law of bone remodelling ". Il développa cette conception d'un processus actif, évolutif par l'observation macroscopique des travées de l'extrémité supérieure du fémur chez l'homme. Si la contrainte exercée sur un os en particulier augmente, il va se remodeler pour devenir plus rigide et résister à la charge dans ce segment d'os particulier et pour cette force particulière de contrainte. Nous avons étudié cette théorie sur deux modèles chez le vivant au niveau du membre supérieur et au niveau du membre inférieur pour caractériser les contraintes asymétriques appliquées à l'os trabéculaires. La latéralité ou préférence manuelle est un exemple d'activité asymétrique. Ses effets sur l'os sont bien connus lors de la pratique de sports intensifs ou d'activités très latéralisées. Cependant peu de données existent sur les activités usuelles et la préférence manuelle de l'homme jeune sans activité particulière. Par une étude en microscanner avec des coupes de 41 microns, des volumes d'intérêt dans les os du squelette carpien radial ont été réalisés sur des individus d'âge jeune sans antécédent particulier de façon bilatérale. Plusieurs variables cliniques et anthropométriques ont également été recueillis. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence des caractères endostructuraux expliquant la variabilité interindividuelles en les comparant avec des éléments anthropomorphiques et la force de serrage manuelle. Par ailleurs, les défauts d'axe en varus ou en valgus exercent des contraintes asymétriques également sur les articulations portantes. La chirurgie prothétique du genou croit ces dernières années de façon exponentielle par un effet conjoint de l'amélioration des techniques, et l'augmentation de l'incidence de l'arthroseThe study of bone is of major interest in Anthropology. The skeleton is an image of motor activity. Indeed, every element of the skeleton has a function dictated by its shape and role and then by its morphology. This illustrates the most visible adaptation of the bone. This process is widely studied in the human lineage. This theory is an important path of research in Anthropology. These characters are inscribed in the shape of the bone. Each curve, or crest reflect the action of a muscle or a function dictated by a slow evolutionary process. This change is by changing external characteristics of the bone by its form or anatomy "visible" on the one hand and by the evolution of more internal character, subtle and directly related to the biomechanical properties of bone namely trabecular bone. Trabecular bone is a more brittle material, deformable than cortical bone. It is an indirect trace of the stresses applied to the bone. Thus locomotion, feeding or occupational activities can be analyzed into the bone endostructure. This is the theory developed by Wolff in 1870 in "The law of bone remodeling." He developed this idea of ??an active, evolving process by macroscopic observation of the spans of the proximal femur in humans. If the stress on a particular bone increases, it will remodel to become more rigid and withstand the load in that particular bone segment and for this particular force of constraint. We studied this theory on two models in the living human being. One concerned the upper limb and the second the lower limb to characterize asymmetrical forces on trabecular bone. Laterality or handedness is an example of asymmetrical activity. Its effects on bone are well known in the practice of intensive sports or very lateralized activities. However, little data exist on the usual activities and the handedness of the young man with no particular activity. We performed a microCT study with cuts 41 microns slices. Volumes of interest in radial carpal bones were performed on both sides on young human adults without particular medical history. Several clinical and anthropometric variables were also collected. We were able to highlight endostructural patterns explaining the interindividual variability in comparison with anthropometric parameters and crush or pinch grip. Furthermore, axis deviations in varus or valgus exert asymmetric constraints also on weight-bearing joints. The prosthetic knee surgery increases exponentially in the last decades by a combined effect of improved techniques and the increased incidence of osteoarthritis. The OA is multifactorial but the weight has a major effect on cartilage wear. We further know that the morphology and deformation of members influence this phenomenon. We wanted to characterize the response of the bone to endostructure these asymmetrical stresses on the tibial plateau. We collected tibial plateaus during total joint replacement surgeries for knee and compare the bone under chondral internal and external with microCT 7.4 micron slices. Some parameters highlight the major effect weight and body mass such as bone volume fraction BV/TV, structure model index SMI, trabecular space Tb. and trabecular number Tb.N. Subchondral densification during osteoarthritis is associated with a reduction in its elastic modulus, which could increase cartilage stress, and accelerate cartilage loss
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Marceau, Anika. "Étude de protéines cibles impliquées dans l'adaptation de Lactobacillus sakei au chlorure de sodium ou à une température sous-optimale." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077117.
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Résumé : Lactobacillus sakei est une bactérie lactique. Elle constitue la flore naturelle dominante présente dans la viande fraîche conservée sous vide et dans les produits carnés fermentés. Elle est utilisée en France ainsi qu'en Europe de l'ouest comme ferment pour la fabrication du saucisson sec. Son utilisation industrielle restant empirique, cette étude visait à rechercher et étudier des protéines cibles impliquées dans son adaptation face au sel (NaCl) ou à basse température, deux conditions rencontrées lors du processus industriel, ceci afin de comprendre son métabolisme et d'optimiser son utilisation technologique. L'étude du comportement de L. Sakei dans un milieu chimiquement défini a montré qu'elle se développe d'autant moins que la température est basse ou que la concentration en sel est élevée. Par contre, plus la teneur en sel augmente et plus la température est basse, meilleure est la survie de cette bactérie en phase stationnaire. L'analyse protéomique a permis de mettre en évidence treize protéines dont la synthèse varie significativement lors de la croissance à 4ʿC et/ou en présence de 4% de NaCl. Une protéine a pu être identifiée directement grâce à sa séquence N-terminale. Pour cinq autres, la séquence N-terminale a permis de repérer le gène correspondant dans le génome de L. Sakei et ainsi de les identifier. Deux protéines participent au métabolisme carboné : la 6-phosphofructokinase et la glycérol 3-phosphate déshydrogénase (GlpD). Les quatre autres sont des protéines de stress (Usp, MsrA, Asp23, OsmC). Un mutant dans chacun de ces gènes a été construit et son comportement phénotypique étudié. Les mutants de Usp et Asp23 survivent moins bien à 4ʿC lors de la phase stationnaire. Le mutant de GlpD survit en revanche mieux à 4ʿC. L'ensemble de ces résultats montre que l'expression des protéines lors de la croissance peut jouer un rôle important sur la survie de ces bactéries en phase stationnaireAbstract : Lactobacillus sakei is a lactic acid bacterium. It is the predominant flora naturally observed on vacuum-packed meat and fermented meat products. It is used in France and Western Europe as a starter for manufacturing fermented sausages. The aim of this study was to screen target proteins involved in L. Sakei adaptation to salt (NaCl) and low temperature, two environmental conditions occurring during industrial processes, in order to understand its metabolism and to optimise its technological use. The study of L. Sakei behaviour in a chemically defined medium showed that growth decreased when temperature decreased or when salt concentration increased. However, survival was enhanced at low temperature or in the presence of salt. Proteomic analysis revealed thirteen proteins whose expression significantly varied in cells grown at 4ʿC and/or with 4% NaCl. One of them was directly identified by its N-terminal sequence. For four of them, the N-terminal sequence allowed to identify the gene in L. Sakei chromosome sequence and their subsequent identification. Two proteins are involved in carbon metabolism: 6-phosphofructokinase and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GlpD). The other proteins are stress proteins (Usp, MsrA, Asp23, OsmC). Mutants were constructed in each gene and their phenotype was studied. Asp23 and Usp mutants have lower survival during stationary phase whereas the GlpD mutant showed an enhanced survival under the same conditions. These results show that the expression of proteins during the exponential growth phase can play a role on bacteria survival during stationary phase
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Lapeyrere, Vincent. "Etalonnage des détecteurs de CoRoT : adaptation aux besoins spécifiques de la mission." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066616.
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Jasseron, Carine. "Prise en charge des femmes enceintes infectées par le VIH en France à l’ère des multithérapies : des recommandations aux pratiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T078/document.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de décrire la prise en charge en France des femmes enceintes infectées par le VIH à l’ère des multithérapies, de mesurer les écarts par rapport aux recommandations, d’identifier des facteurs liés à des prises en charge non optimales du point de vue du risque de transmission et d’améliorer les recommandations pour certaines situations minoritaires encore mal étudiées. Ce travail est issu des données de l’Enquête Périnatale Française (ANRS-EPF), la seule cohorte nationale et l’une des plus larges sur le plan international, avec 17 491 couples mères-enfants inclus depuis 1986.Actuellement, presque toutes les femmes sont traitées par multithérapie (96,5% en 2009) et le taux de transmission est inférieur à 1% (0,6% ; IC95% : 0,2-1,4). Les prises en charge non optimales du point de vue de la prévention de la transmission mère-enfant du VIH (PTME)(dépistage du VIH tardif, absence ou retard à l’initiation des traitements antirétroviraux pendant la grossesse, en perpartum ou en prophylaxie post-natale, échec virologique en fin de grossesse, accouchement par voie basse malgré une charge virale non contrôlée, allaitement maternel) sont de plus en plus rares en France (0,2% à 5,5% en 2009). Le taux de césarienne reste cependant nettement plus élevé qu’en population générale, du fait notamment d’un taux élevé de césariennes programmées malgré une charge virale contrôlée, ce qui n’est pas conforme aux recommandations. On n’observe pas pour autant un taux de transmission plus bas pour les césariennes programmées lorsque la charge virale est contrôlée.L’immigration en provenance d’un pays d’Afrique sub-saharienne est associée à un diagnostic du VIH plus tardif pendant la grossesse, mais l’accès à la PTME et l’observance semblent similaires à ceux des Françaises de métropole, une fois le diagnostic établi. La non divulgation du statut VIH maternel au père de l’enfant, plus fréquente chez les africaines, est associée à une PTME moins optimale, mais sans augmentation de la transmission mère–enfant du VIH.Nous avons également évalué les recommandations pour certaines situations minoritaires.Pour les femmes infectées par le VIH-2 (2,6% des femmes de la cohorte EPF), dont le risque de transmission mère-enfant est spontanément faible, nos résultats contribuent à justifier une prise en charge moins intensive que celles des femmes infectées par le VIH-1. Pour les femmes nécessitant une amniocentèse, associée à un risque accru de transmission mère-enfant avant l’ère des multithérapies, nos résultats ne montrent pas d’augmentation de risque chez les femmes traitées par multithérapie.Nos résultats sont globalement encourageants pour un système offrant un accès universel et gratuit aux soins pour le VIH, facilitant ainsi l’accès aux soins aux populations en situation de précarité, qui restent néanmoins les plus à risque de prises en charge non optimalesThe objective of this Ph.D thesis is to describe the care received by HIV-infected pregnant women in France in the era of multitherapy, to assess how actual practices differ from recommendations, to identify factors related to non optimal care for prevention of mother-to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) and to improve recommendations for some minority situations that have not been well evaluated.Work for this thesis was done using data from the French perinatal cohort ANRS-EPF, the only national multicenter cohort and one of the largest, having included 17 491 mother-child couples since 1986.Currently, almost all women are treated with multitherapy (96.5% in 2009) and the transmission rate is below 1% (0.6%; 95%CI: 0.2-1.4). Non optimal care for PMTCT (late HIV diagnosis, lack or late initiation of antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy, intrapartum and postnatal prophylaxis, virological failure at delivery, vaginal delivery despite uncontrolled viral load, maternal breastfeeding) has become increasingly rare in France (between 0.2% and 5.5% in 2009). The cesarean section rate is however clearly higher than in the general population, most notably due to a higher rate of elective cesarean section among women with a controlled viral load, which does not comply with the recommendations. And yet elective cesarean section performed on women with a controlled viral load does not result in a lower transmission rate.Migration from a sub-Saharan African country is associated with a later HIV diagnosis during pregnancy, but access to PMTCT and adherence seem similar once HIV infection is diagnosed. Failure for a mother to disclose her HIV status to the child’s father, which occurs more frequently with African women, is associated with less optimal PMTCT strategies but without any increase in MTCT rate.We have also evaluated the recommendations for some minority situations. For HIV-2infected women (2% of EPF cohort), who had a spontaneously lower MTC rate, our results contribute to justifying a less intensive PMTCT than for HIV-1 infected women. For women needing an amniocentesis, which, before the multitherapy era, was associated with an increased transmission rate, our results suggest that the transmission risk is no longer greater for women being treated by multitherapy.Our findings are encouraging as they demonstrate the effectiveness of a health care system which promoting free universal access to HIV care has succeeded in reaching out the most under privileged populations, thereby making it easier for them to receive optimal care although they remain at risk for non optimal PMTCT practices
Books on the topic "Adaptation optimale de la charge"
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Williams, Madi. Polynesia, 900–1600. Arc Humanities Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781641899260.
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This book provides a concise overview of the history of Polynesia, focusing on New Zealand and its outlying islands, during the period 900–1600. It provides a thematic examination of Polynesia to avoid placing the region’s history into an inaccurate, linear Western chronology. The themes of movement and migration, adaptation and change, and development and expansion offer the optimal means of understanding Polynesia during this time. Through this innovative and unique perspective on Polynesian history, which has not been previously undertaken, the reader is encouraged to think about regions outside Europe in relation to the premodern period.
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Warburton, Darren E. R., Lindsay Nettlefold, K. Ashlee McGuire, and Shannon S. D. Bredin. Cardiovascular function. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0007.
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The physiological adaptations to exercise training have been evaluated extensively in children and youth. In particular, considerable research has examined the changes in cardiovascular function that occur with aerobic exercise training. Various indicators of cardiovascular function have been assessed at rest and during exercise. Many of these measures have important implications from performance and health-related perspectives. Owing to the importance of oxygen (O2) transport for human performance and health, this chapter reviews comprehensively the varied non-invasive and invasive methods of assessing cardiac function including an in-depth evaluation of the limitations and strengths of each methodology. Specific reference is given to the applicability and ease of usage of each technology with young people. This chapter also deals extensively with the evaluation of cardiovascular regulation and vascular function owing to their role in optimal exercise performance and health.
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Ferraro, Kenneth F. The Gerontological Imagination. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190665340.001.0001.
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The Gerontological Imagination provides an integrative overview of the scientific study of aging. Although investigators from many disciplines study aging, concerns have been raised about the intellectual coherence of gerontology precisely because it draws from and contributes to a wide array of disciplines. Biologists, psychologists, and sociologists may claim an interest in gerontology, but do they have a common image of aging or a set of principles to guide their research? This book develops a paradigm for the study of aging by articulating and integrating six axioms related to causality, life course analysis, multifaceted change, heterogeneity, accumulation, and ageism. The proposed paradigm provides an efficient way to identify essential ideas, findings, models, and theories across multiple disciplines. Gerontology examines aging across multiple systems and the interplay of factors that shape adaptation. Illustrations are drawn from fields such as biology, epidemiology, genetics, medicine, psychology, sociology, and zoology. The axioms are best viewed as a gestalt for the intellectual work of research on aging—and how to optimize the aging experience.
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Huneman, Philippe, and Denis Walsh, eds. Challenging the Modern Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199377176.001.0001.
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Since its origin in the early 20th century, the modern synthesis theory of evolution has grown to represent the orthodox view on the process of organic evolution. It is a powerful and successful theory. Its defining features include the prominence it accords to genes in the explanation of development and inheritance, and the role of natural selection as the cause of adaptation. Since the advent of the 21st century, however, the modern synthesis has been subject to repeated and sustained challenges. In the last two decades, evolutionary biology has witnessed unprecedented growth in the understanding of those processes that underwrite the development of organisms and the inheritance of characters. The empirical advances usher in challenges to the conceptual foundations of evolutionary theory. Many current commentators charge that the new biology of the 21st century calls for a revision, extension, or wholesale rejection of the modern synthesis theory of evolution. Defenders of the modern synthesis maintain that the theory can accommodate the exciting new advances in biology, without forfeiting its central precepts. The original essays collected in this volume—by evolutionary biologists, philosophers of science, and historians of biology—survey and assess the various challenges to the modern synthesis arising from the new biology of the 21st century. Taken together, the essays cover a spectrum of views, from those that contend that the modern synthesis can rise to the challenges of the new biology, with little or no revision required, to those that call for the abandonment of the modern synthesis.
Book chapters on the topic "Adaptation optimale de la charge"
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Bado, Souleymane, Fatemeh Maghuly, Vitor Varzea, and Margit Laimer. "Mutagenesis of in vitro explants of Coffea spp. to induce fungal resistance." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 344–52. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0036.
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Abstract Coffee is one of the most valuable commodity tree crops worldwide. However, it suffers from several devastating diseases and pests, for example coffee leaf rust and coffee berry borer, whose impact is being amplified by changing climatic conditions. Development of new adapted varieties remains a laborious effort by conventional breeding due to the long juvenile period in tree crops. Plant cell/tissue culture represents the ultimate method to produce large amounts of true-to-type healthy plants and of explants for mutation breeding. In fact, mutation induction combined with in vitro cell/tissue culture techniques has proved to be effective for developing improved cultivars of perennial crops. Prior to mutation breeding, cell and tissue radiosensitivity tests to various mutagens need to be performed, so that optimal treatments can be applied for large population development. Thus, different in vitro explants (plantlet, leaf, callus, embryogenic callus, globular and torpedo stage embryos) of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora were exposed to different gamma-ray doses (0, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60 and 80 Gy). After 9-21 weeks incubation, a radiosensitivity test was conducted on the different explants and LD50 doses corresponding to 50% of viability or survival of callus, embryogenic callus, globular and torpedo stage embryos and 50% growth reduction (GR50) of shoot were also determined. Callus explants showed a relatively high radio-resistance (LD30-LD50 50-100 Gy) in comparison with entire plantlets or embryos (LD30-GR50 8-46 Gy). Globular embryo development into plantlets and also leaf area of irradiated plantlets were more severely affected by irradiation than other explants. It was possible to confirm the relative radio-resistance of unicellular explants compared with multicellular explants. Estimation of optimal mutation induction dosage range for various in vitro explants is important for tree crops, especially for coffee improvement.
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Gatica-Arias, Andrés, Jorge Rodríguez-Matamoros, Ana Abdelnour-Esquivel, and Marta Valdez-Melara. "Determination of the optimal conditions for mutagenesis induction in a commercial Arabica coffee variety." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 326–37. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0034.
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Abstract Low genetic diversity and autogamous reproduction limit genetic improvement of Coffea arabica L. As a consequence, susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses increases. Induced mutagenesis is an alternative strategy for increasing genetic variability and for the development of varieties tolerant or resistant to biotic and abiotic factors. In the present study, the effect of three mutagenic agents (NaN3, EMS and 60Co gamma-rays) on survival of Arabica coffee zygotic embryos was evaluated. The zygotic embryos were immersed for 10 min in a solution of NaN3 (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0 and 20.0 mM) or for 2 h in a solution of EMS (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4 and 6% v/v) or irradiated with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 Gy. As the concentration or dose of the applied mutagen increased, survival decreased. The LD50 values for sodium azide, EMS and 60Co were 12.5 mM (51.6%), 1% v/v (48.3%) and 40 Gy (50.0%), respectively. Our results indicated that coffee zygotic embryos are suitable for chemical and physical mutagenesis and this offers an alternative for the genetic improvement of agriculturally important traits in coffee.
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Brilli, L., R. Ferrise, E. Lugato, M. Moriondo, and M. Bindi. "Chapter 11. Using mitigation and adaptation strategies to optimize crop yield and greenhouse gas emissions." In Sustainable agroecosystems in climate change mitigation, 203–36. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-788-2_11.
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Hanewinkel, Marc, Andrey Lessa Derci Augustynczik, and Rasoul Yousefpour. "Climate-Smart Forestry Case Study: Germany." In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 197–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_12.
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AbstractForests cover approximately one-third of Germany’s territory. They are among the most productive forests in Europe and in a position to contribute considerably to climate change mitigation. Germany has set national targets for climate mitigation via forests and measures such as conversion towards mixed and climate-adapted forests; a stronger control on the sustainability of imported solid biofuels; an increase in forest area; a reduction in the emissions related to forest soils, especially on drained peatlands; and a reduction in land take to less than 30 ha day−1. Climate change is already exerting severe economic, environmental and social impacts on German forests and the forest-based sector, and this trend is likely to continue and intensify in the future. The key question for future is: how best to optimise the mitigation potential of the forests while at the same time adapting the forests to deal with ongoing climate change. This situation calls for a very careful balancing of strategies and a holistic approach, which the CSF framework can provide. Our simulation indicated that the opportunity costs of using high-valued and productive species, such as Norway spruce, for mitigation purposes (i.e. by the in-situ accumulation of carbon) produces high opportunity costs, while species of less value, such as European beech, would be better suited for this purpose. In order to follow a systematic approach combining mitigation and adaptation, we propose a generic framework for adaptation that takes into account the cost efficiency of all measures, and includes this in suggesting the most efficient ways to increase the mitigation potential of the forests in Germany. Current and emerging forest bioeconomy products also offer significant potential for the future mitigation potential via substitution and carbon storage.
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Geras'kin, Stanislav, Roman Churyukin, Polina Volkova, and Sofiya Bitarishvili. "Using ionizing radiation for improving the development and yield of agricultural crops." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 424–32. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0043.
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Abstract The response of barley seedlings was studied after gamma irradiation of seeds with doses in the range of 2-50 Gy. It was shown that stimulation of plant growth occurred in the dose range of 16-20 Gy. The influences of the dose rate, the quality of seeds and their moisture on the manifestation of radiation effects were investigated. We studied, under controlled conditions, the activities of metabolic and antioxidant enzymes and observed an increase in their activity in the range of doses that cause stimulation of seedling growth. We showed that changes in the balance among different classes of phytohormones were probably involved in the acceleration of plant growth after irradiation of seeds using stimulating doses. Gamma irradiation of barley seeds significantly influenced the development of plants during the growing season. After irradiation with stimulating doses, we observed a reduction in the duration of the initial stages of ontogenesis; the phase of full ripeness occurred 5-7 days earlier than in the controls. The manifestation of the effect of irradiation depended on the conditions in which the plants developed. During the growing season of 2014, which was a dry year, plants originating from the irradiated seeds showed an increase in the number of productive stems, which led to an increase in yield by 34-38%; during the optimal 2015 season, an increase in the number of grains per spike caused an increase in yield by 8-29%. Therefore, our field study has shown that at least some hormetic effects can occur in the field. Irradiation of seeds can increase field germination, stimulate the growth and development of plants and increase their resistance to unfavourable environmental conditions. A more complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms of hormesis is needed to exploit its potential benefits in crop production.
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Zhang, Xu, Yu Wang, Languang Lu, Xuebing Han, Daoming Wu, Kang Li, and Yasheng Dou. "Estimation of Battery State of Charge Based on Improved Noise Adaptation Method." In Proceedings of China SAE Congress 2020: Selected Papers, 925–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2090-4_56.
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Ferreira, Óscar. "Modelling Risk Reduction Measures to Minimise Future Impacts of Storms at Coastal Areas." In Springer Climate, 59–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86211-4_8.
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AbstractCoastal storms often cause damages and losses in occupied areas. Under climate change conditions (i.e. sea-level rise and increased frequency of extreme sea levels) and increasing human occupation, the consequences of coastal storms will be amplified if no adaptation actions are implemented. The selection of the best possible coastal management measures to reduce risks at coastal areas, considering costs, effectiveness and acceptance, will be mandatory in the future. This work presents a generic approach to model disaster risk reduction measures at coastal areas, including climate change effects. The proposed methodology is adaptable to any coastal region and can be used to test (and improve) management options at a broad number of coastal areas. It can also be used to define a timeframe for the implementation of the defined measures since not all risk reduction measures, under a climate change scenario, need to be implemented at the same time. This would help to optimise implementation costs while reducing the risk to the occupation and people.
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Muradás, Pedro, María Puig, Óscar Ruiz, and Josep María Solé. "Mainstreaming Climate Adaptation in Mozambican Urban Water, Sanitation, and Drainage Sector." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2631–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_132.
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AbstractThe Capacity Development Programme (CDP) is an agreement between the Government of Mozambique and the Nordic Development Fund, to tackle climate variability by planning and the sustainable operations and maintenance of sanitation and drainage infrastructure. The Mozambican Administration of Water and Sanitation Infrastructure (AIAS) is the agency responsible for this project. The international consortium in charge of developing the CDP provided consultancy services to AIAS and the vulnerable cities of Beira and Matola. The assignment included not only capacity building but also institutional strengthening activities, as well as specific studies, mainly based on climate modelling (dynamic downscaling) and mapping exercises. Important results and conclusions were achieved, and further adaptation strategies to increase the resilience of the Mozambican urban water, sanitation, and drainage sector were proposed.
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Reimers, Fernando M. "The Role of Universities Building an Ecosystem of Climate Change Education." In Education and Climate Change, 1–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57927-2_1.
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AbstractThis chapter introduces the field of climate change education, noting the paradox that in spite of many efforts at incorporating climate change in education policy and curriculum frameworks, and a diversity of practices in schools, there is little evidence that such efforts are contributing to adaptation, mitigation or reversal of climate change. The chapter reviews the role of international development organizations advocating for and developing frameworks in support of climate change education. This is followed by an analysis of ongoing efforts of climate change education.The chapter argues that more effective education for climate change at the primary and secondary education levels around the world requires context specific strategies that align the specific learning outcomes with the impacts of climate change in that context. Implementing those strategies requires the development of institutional capacity in schools that is aligned to the stage of institutional development of the school. The chapter explains how a multidisciplinary framework that accounts for the cultural, psychological, professional, institutional and political dimensions of the change process can support the development of collaboration and coherence in implementing those climate change education strategies. Those strategies need to also specify the particular populations that need to develop such competencies and the optimal means of delivery. The chapter also situates the literature on climate change education within the larger context of the literature on deeper learning, twenty first century skills and education system change, explaining how deeper learning in climate change education might influence attitudes and behaviors in ways that prevailing didactic approaches focused principally on the transmission of scientific knowledge do not.To develop such context specific climate change education strategies and to build the institutional capacity to implement them, the chapter makes the case for more intentional engagement of universities, in partnership with schools and non-formal education organizations. This would serve the dual role of providing support for schools in advancing climate change education, while also educating higher education students on climate change through problem based, participatory and contextually situated approaches.
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Lochman, John E., Nicole P. Powell, and Shannon Jones. "The Coping Power Program for Children with Aggressive Behavior Problems." In Flexibility within Fidelity, 211–30. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197552155.003.0012.
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Flexible adaptations of the Coping Power Program have been made for the delivery of the program. Coping Power is a structured, manualized cognitive-behavioral program, with components for children and parents designed to alter targeted mechanisms that contribute to children’s aggressive behavior problems. The program originated as a targeted prevention program, delivered in school settings, but also has been applied and tested in clinical settings. The contextual social-cognitive model is described, followed by a brief description of program components, of fidelity assessment, and of results from several initial randomized controlled efficacy studies. The bulk of the chapter describes two types of adaptations of the program. The first adaptation is evident in a field trial study of real-world school counselors’ use of the program, and was affected by the intensity of training that counselors received and by their own characteristics and the characteristics of their work setting. Appropriate and inappropriate adaptions were observed, with appropriate adaptations illustrating the concept of flexibility within fidelity. The second type of adaptation involves efforts to optimize the program and to test planned changes. The chapter describes evaluations of planned adaptations to the length of the program (including Internet components), to program targets through inclusion of mindfulness training, to delivery of the program in group versus individual formats, and to a variety of changes made in the structure and cultural relevance of the program in international adaptations.
Conference papers on the topic "Adaptation optimale de la charge"
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Onori, Simona, Lorenzo Serrao, and Giorgio Rizzoni. "Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4211.
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This paper proposes a new method for solving the energy management problem for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) based on the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). After discussing the main features of ECMS, an adaptation law of the equivalence factor used by ECMS is presented, which, using feedback of state of charge, ensures optimality of the strategy proposed. The performance of the A-ECMS is shown in simulation and compared to the optimal solution obtained with dynamic programming.
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Oldham, Kenn, Biju Edamana, and Bongsu Hahn. "Low-Power Control Strategies for Thin-Film Piezoelectric Micro-Robotic Actuators." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1421.
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Three low-power control strategies for piezoelectric actuators based on on-off or related switching control approaches are described. These strategies are targeted for leg actuation in autonomous micro-robots, where available power is severely constrained, below the power level that more conventional analog or pulse-width-modulation drive circuitry, switching rates, and/or sampling frequency would require. The first strategy optimizes the sequence of ‘on’ and ‘off’ transitions over a finite number of steps to minimize actuator energy while ensuring that a system moves to a desired set of final states. Transitions are selected via convex optimization by binary programming. The second strategy optimizes a set of commands to a drive circuit including charge recovery components to improve both power consumption and positioning accuracy, with optimal transitions chosen using mixed integer quadratic programming. The third strategy is proposed to account for modeling error using step to step adaptation of input sequences with limited sensor measurements.
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Dong, You, and Dan Frangopol. "Optimal Adaptation of Building Portfolio considering Climate Change Effects." In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Reliability Engineering and Risk Management. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2726-7_cgen42.
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Qin, Yi-Xian, Hoyan Lam, and Murtaza Malbari. "The Effects of Loading Rate and Duration on Mitigation of Osteopenia by Dynamic Muscle Stimulation." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206685.
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Musculoskeletal adaptations to aging and disuse environment have significant physiological effects on skeletal health, i.e., osteopenia and bone loss. Osteoporosis often occurs together with muscle loss. Such musculoskeletal complications cause severe physiologic changes and have been proposed the synergistic effects of muscle function and bone adaptation. The role of mechanobiology in the skeletal tissue may be closely related to load-induced transductive signals, e.g., bone fluid flow, which is proposed to be a critical mediator of bone and muscle adaptation. The skeletal muscle may serve as a muscle pump that may mediate bone mechanotransduction via modulation of intramedullary pressure. Muscular stimulation (MS) is proposed to be used to simultaneously treat both muscle and bone loss. Indeed, our recent data have demonstrated that high frequency, short duration stimulation can inhibit bone loss and muscle atrophy. Although 10 min dynamic loading can effectively attenuate bone loss, it cannot totally recover disuse osteopenia. The optimal parameters required for such treatment are unclear. Studies have separately investigated the optimal signal parameters for bone or muscle. Insertion of recovery periods during high frequency stimulations to extend the loading cycles have shown potential to reduce muscle atrophy by minimizing fatigue and mimicking physiologic contractions, and demonstrated enhancement of bone remodeling. The overall hypothesis for this study is that dynamic MS can enhance anabolic activity in bone, and inhibit bone loss in a functional disuse condition. Combined high frequency and sufficient loading cycle may be able to completely mitigate bone loss induced by disuse osteopenia.
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Abdolmaleki, Abbas, Bob Price, Nuno Lau, Luis Paulo Reis, and Gerhard Neumann. "Contextual Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolutionary Strategies." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/191.
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Many stochastic search algorithms are designed to optimize a fixed objective function to learn a task, i.e., if the objective function changes slightly, for example, due to a change in the situation or context of the task, relearning is required to adapt to the new context. For instance, if we want to learn a kicking movement for a soccer robot, we have to relearn the movement for different ball locations. Such relearning is undesired as it is highly inefficient and many applications require a fast adaptation to a new context/situation. Therefore, we investigate contextual stochastic search algorithms that can learn multiple, similar tasks simultaneously. Current contextual stochastic search methods are based on policy search algorithms and suffer from premature convergence and the need for parameter tuning. In this paper, we extend the well known CMA-ES algorithm to the contextual setting and illustrate its performance on several contextual tasks. Our new algorithm, called contextual CMA-ES, leverages from contextual learning while it preserves all the features of standard CMA-ES such as stability, avoidance of premature convergence, step size control and a minimal amount of parameter tuning.
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Tangwa, Elvis, Vit Voženílek, Jan Brus, and Vilem Pechanec. "CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL OF SELECTED LEGUME CROPS IN EAST AFRICA." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/02.
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Land expansion to increase agricultural production in East Africa (Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda) will be limited by climate change. In this study, we predict landscape suitability for chickpea (Cicer arietinum), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), lentil (Lens culinaris), field pea (Pisum sativum) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) cultivated across diverse agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in East Africa from 1970 to 2070, under the 4.5 emission scenario. Our aim was to understand how suitability shifts among the AEZs might affect the agricultural potential of the selected crops. We use the geolocations of each crop together with response curves from the species distribution software, Maxent to fine-tune the expert based EcoCrop model to the prevailing climatic conditions in the study region. Our optimal precipitation and temperature ranges compared reasonably with the FAO base parameters, deviating by ±200mm and ±5oC, respectively. There is currently a high potential for lentil, pea and common bean in the region. However, under future climates, the suitability of common bean and lentil with a much narrow climate range will shrink considerably while pigeon pea and chickpea will continue to be suitable. Under projected climatic conditions, the agricultural potential of these legumes will be limited by drought or heat stress as landscape suitability will shift optimally toward the cool sub-humid (tcsh), and the cool semi-arid (tcsa) zones. Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda will be the most affected and will lose a large share of suitable arable land. Different adaptation measures will be needed to increase the agricultural potential and optimized production in vulnerable AEZs. In general, smallholder farmers will have to substitute lentil and common bean for chickpea and pigeon pea or other suitable substitutes to address food security issues. Notwithstanding the limitations of this study, our results highlight the vulnerability of legumes crops as well as their production zones which could be useful in the formulation of adaptation strategies for the East African region.
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Tsivka, K., Aleksandr Popov, M. Hafez, M. Rashad, and Natalya Kovaleva. "MAIN WAYS TO OPTIMIZE THE CULTIVATED PLANT PRODUCTIVITY ON LAND LIABLE TO DEGRADATION." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1684.978-5-317-06490-7/96-100.
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The purpose of this publication was to describe the main ways to optimize the productive process of cultivated plants on land subject to degradation. There are three kinds of correction: physical, chemical and biological. Biological correction is new way to optimize the production process of crops, which is a set of methods of directive effect on plant biology. The key points and essence of biological correction are considered. One of the most effective and economically justified methods of biological correction of plant productivity is non-root treatment of crops by humic substances (HSs) solutions, especially those containing essential macro-and microelements. Such treatments can reduce the negative effects of projected global climate change (excessive UV-B radiation, drought, etc.) on agricultural plants. As confirmation, the results of a field experiment conducted in the arid territory of Egypt are presented. Means of biological correction, such as: Azospirillum sp., vermicompost and HSs solutions (without and with trace elements) were very effective, they increased (more than 2.5 times!) the yield of wheat grain. Thus, to obtain a consistently high crop yield on land subject to degradation, especially in changing climatic conditions, it is necessary to apply three kinds of correction: physical, chemical and biological. Both physical correction and chemical one create the necessary conditions for the growth and development of plants, and biological correction "forces" plants to show their reserve functions, contributing to an additional increase in crop yield.
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Ali, Adiba, and Yi-Xian Qin. "Inhibition of Bone Loss and Muscle Atrophy by Dynamic Muscle Contractions With Rest Periods in a Functional Disuse Mouse Model." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193066.
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Osteoporosis, induced by aging and long-term disuse, often occurs together with muscle loss. Musculoskeletal disuse causes severe physiologic changes and it has been proposed the synergistic effects of muscle function and bone adaptation. Bone fluid flow has been shown to be induced during mechanical loading, and is proposed to be a critical mediator of bone adaptation. The skeletal muscle may serve as a muscle pump that may mediate bone mechanotransduction via modulation of intramedullary pressure. Thus, muscular stimulation is proposed to be used to simultaneously treat both muscle and bone loss, but the optimal parameters required for such treatment is unclear. Studies have separately investigated the optimal signal parameters for bone or muscle. Insertion of recovery periods during high frequency stimulations have shown potential to reduce muscle atrophy by minimizing fatigue and mimicking physiologic contractions, and demonstrated enhancement of bone remodeling. Our preliminary research has indicated that dynamic muscle contractions within an optimal frequency range can significantly recover disuse induced bone loss. However, the optimal rest periods required to prevent muscle fatigue during stimulations are not clear. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate optimized dynamic muscle stimulations at relatively high frequency, e.g., 20 Hz, and to test the role of varying the rest duration on muscle mass and bone morphology in a functional hind limb disuse mouse model.
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Sasikumar, Athul, Arun Kamath, Onno Musch, Arne Erling Lothe, and Hans Bihs. "Numerical Study on the Effect of a Submerged Breakwater Seaward of an Existing Breakwater for Climate Change Adaptation." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77965.
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In coastal areas, climate change is causing mean sea level rise and more frequent storm surge events. This means the breakwaters are expected to withstand the action of more severe incident waves and larger overtopping rates than they were designed for. Therefore, these impacts may have a negative effect on the functionality such as overtopping above the acceptable limits, in addition to stability of these structures. A breakwater which has been partly damaged by a storm stronger than the design storm has weak spots that can easily be damaged further. One way of protecting these breakwaters subjected to climate change is to build a submerged breakwater on the seaward side. This study focuses on the use of numerical model for optimal dimension of a submerged breakwater to be used as a protective measure for an existing structure. Comparisons are made between transmission coefficient predicted in the numerical model and those calculated from different formulae in literature. The variation in transmission coefficient due to different relative submergence and relative width parameters for waves with different steepness is studied and curves showing the dependence of these parameters on wave transmission are made. These results are then used for a test case in Kiberg, Norway where a submerged breakwater is proposed in front of a existing damaged rubble mound breakwater. The optimal geometry generated on the basis of curves is then implemented in the local-scale finite element wave prediction model, CGWAVE.
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Millo, Federico, Luciano Rolando, and Luca Pulvirenti. "Energy Management System Optimization Based on V2X Connectivity." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-adm-087.
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Fuel economy of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) may be further improved by exploiting the increased connectivity level of next -generation vehicles. Minimization of HEVs fuel consumption is a global problem and its optimal solution inevitably entails the complete knowledge of the driving conditions. Hence, optimality can only be reached on a limited number of a priori known mission profiles, and never on real driving test cases . Thus, the capabilities of conventional Energy Management Systems (EMS) can be strongly enhanced by integrating the prediction of future vehicle speed into the powertrain control strategy. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology adoption paves the way for reliable future driving conditions forecasting. As a result, in this paper information derived from V2X connectivity was used to develop an innovative adaptation algorithm for an Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS). Traffic information and driving style identification were employed to predict future driving conditions and, in turn, to adapt the equivalence factor. Hence, some innovative correction parameters were introduced in the equivalence factor formulation, in order to periodically adapt it according to the predicted vehicle speed. The continuous equivalence factor optimization was aimed at ensuring enhanced fuel economy and at guaranteeing charge sustainability. The potential of this innovative Adaptive ECMS (A-ECMS) was assessed on a P2 architecture test case by means of numerical simulation. The reliability of the simulation platform had been preliminarily validated by comparing simulation results with experimental data. The experimental measurements were obtained by testing a Mercedes-Benz E 300 de on real-world driving scenarios. The simulation results proved that the proposed approach is able to significantly improve the strategy adaptability and its fuel economy potential if compared with the conventional EMS taken as reference. Fuel consumption reductions up to 10 % were demonstrated, depending on the vehicle mission profile. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed in order to assess how different prediction horizons affect the adaptive algorithm.
Reports on the topic "Adaptation optimale de la charge"
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Steinbrecher, Christian, Bastian Reineke, Jurgen Berkemer, Henning Heikes, and Wolfgang Fischer. Online Engine Speed Based Adaptation of Air Charge for Two- Wheelers. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9037.
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Tuller, Markus, Asher Bar-Tal, Hadar Heller, and Michal Amichai. Optimization of advanced greenhouse substrates based on physicochemical characterization, numerical simulations, and tomato growth experiments. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600009.bard.
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Over the last decade there has been a dramatic shift in global agricultural practice. The increase in human population, especially in underdeveloped arid and semiarid regions of the world, poses unprecedented challenges to production of an adequate and economically feasible food supply to undernourished populations. Furthermore, the increased living standard in many industrial countries has created a strong demand for high-quality, out-of-season vegetables and fruits as well as for ornamentals such as cut and potted flowers and bedding plants. As a response to these imminent challenges and demands and because of a ban on methyl bromide fumigation of horticultural field soils, soilless greenhouse production systems are regaining increased worldwide attention. Though there is considerable recent empirical and theoretical research devoted to specific issues related to control and management of soilless culture production systems, a comprehensive approach that quantitatively considers all relevant physicochemical processes within the growth substrates is lacking. Moreover, it is common practice to treat soilless growth systems as static, ignoring dynamic changes of important physicochemical and hydraulic properties due to root and microbial growth that require adaptation of management practices throughout the growth period. To overcome these shortcomings, the objectives of this project were to apply thorough physicochemical characterization of commonly used greenhouse substrates in conjunction with state-of-the-art numerical modeling (HYDRUS-3D, PARSWMS) to not only optimize management practices (i.e., irrigation frequency and rates, fertigation, container size and geometry, etc.), but to also “engineer” optimal substrates by mixing organic (e.g., coconut coir) and inorganic (e.g., perlite, pumice, etc.) base substrates and modifying relevant parameters such as the particle (aggregate) size distribution. To evaluate the proposed approach under commercial production conditions, characterization and modeling efforts were accompanied by greenhouse experiments with tomatoes. The project not only yielded novel insights regarding favorable physicochemical properties of advanced greenhouse substrates, but also provided critically needed tools for control and management of containerized soilless production systems to provide a stress-free rhizosphere environment for optimal yields, while conserving valuable production resources. Numerical modeling results provided a more scientifically sound basis for the design of commercial greenhouse production trials and selection of adequate plant-specific substrates, thereby alleviating the risk of costly mistrials.