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1
De Simoni, Alessandro. "L’évolution récente de la fécondité italienne. Une analyse des tables de fécondité par rang de naissance." Notes de recherche 19, no. 1 (March 25, 2004): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/010038ar.
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RÉSUMÉ Les indicateurs habituellement utilisés dans l'analyse dite transversale risquent de devenir inadéquats lorsqu'ils sont appliqués à des situations de très basse fécondité : le contrôle des naissances rend alors essentiel le rôle dévolu à la parité. Les mesures « tendancielles » utilisées dans cet article présentent l'avantage d'éliminer le poids du passé (la parité), ce qui est particulièrement important lorsqu'on analyse l'évolution à court ou moyen terme dans un contexte de fécondité basse et en chute rapide. L'application de cette approche multidimensionnelle (âge et parité) aux données italiennes montre à quel point la chute de la fécondité a été rapide en Italie, l'intensité de cette baisse étant en quelque sorte occultée par l'impact de l'évolution passée lorsqu'on se limite aux mesures traditionnelles.
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Palaniveloo, Kishneth, Mohammed Rizman-Idid, Thilahgavani Nagappan, and Shariza Abdul Razak. "Halogenated Metabolites from the Diet of Aplysia dactylomela Rang." Molecules 25, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040815.
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Invertebrates are an important source of structurally-diverse and biologically-active halogenated metabolites. The sea hare Aplysia dactylomela Rang has long been known to possess halogenated metabolites of dietary origin that are used as a self-defense mechanism. The compounds from Aplysia dactylomela Rang are comprised mainly of terpenoids and small percentages of C-15 acetogenins, indoles, macrolides, sterols and alkaloids with potent cytotoxic, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. For decades the metabolites discovered have been investigated for their medical and pharmaceutical applications, so much so that the ecological role of the metabolites has been overlooked. The interaction between Aplysia dactylomela Rang and its diet that is comprised of seaweed can provide information into the distribution and diversity of the seaweed, the application of bioaccumulated secondary metabolites as part of its defense mechanism and the potential roles of these metabolites for adaptation in the marine environment. This paper compiles the diversity of halogenated secondary metabolites documented from Aplysia dactylomela Rang.
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Pia Sorvillo, Maria, and Valerio Terra Abrami. "La fécondité en Italie et dans ses régions : analyse par période et par génération." Population Vol. 48, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 735–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/popu.p1993.48n3.0751.
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Résumé Terra Abrami (Valerio), Sorvillo (Maria Pia). - La fécondité en Italie et dans ses régions : analyse par période et par génération Depuis quelques années, l'Italie est un des pays d'Europe ayant la plus basse fécondité, l'indice synthétique atteignant 1,3 naissance par femme. L'importance de l'analyse longitudinale pour la compréhension de cette situation et de l'évolution récente a conduit l'institut italien de statistique (ISTAT) à reconstituer, au niveau régional, l'histoire féconde des générations féminines nées à partir de 1920. Sous la moyenne nationale apparaissent ainsi de fortes diversités entre le Nord, le Centre et le Sud du pays, ainsi que de sensibles disparités entre les régions de chacune de ces trois zones. Par exemple, le baby-boom des années 1960, que l'Italie partage avec toute l'Europe occidentale, ne couvre pas l'ensemble du pays et la répartition des naissances par rang diffère nettement entre le Nord et le Sud. La coupure du pays subsiste ainsi, malgré les signes d'homogénéisation qu'on avait cru, un temps percevoir.
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Tran, Thi Thanh Huong, Dang Hoi Nguyen, Xuan Dac Le, Ngoc Huyen Dang, Huu Hiep Nguyen, Thanh Son Hoang, and Hung Cuong Dang. "Nghiên cứu lựa chọn loài cây lâm nghiệp bản địa phục hồi rừng tự nhiên tại khu dự trữ sinh quyển cao nguyên Kon Hà Nừng, tỉnh Gia Lai." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ nhiệt đới 34 (June 2024): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.58334/vrtc.jtst.n34.01.
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Selecting native forestry tree species is an important and decisive content in additional planting and restoration of natural forests. This research was conducted in Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve and surrounding areas of Kon Ha Nung plateau biosphere reserve. The methods of interviews, field surveys, reference to documents and experts were used to identify and quantify 3 groups with 8 criteria for selecting 30 promising native forestry tree species for restoration natural forests in the study area. The results of multi-criteria analysis with coefficient, ranking and testing the degree of adaptation using the tools Package scikit criteria, GIS, WSM, AHP models... have identified 5 species. The most promising native forestry species for additional planting and forest restoration on scrub lands with regenerated wood in Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve and surrounding areas include: Choerospondias axillaris, Michelia mediocris, Prunus arborea, Michelia florabanda and Dalbergia cochinchinensis.
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Vuillemin, Rémi. "Les pétrarquismes de la Renaissance anglaise : histoire et enjeux historiographiques." Pétrarquismes européens (XVIe-XVIIe siècles) 50 (2023): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/11z2c.
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Cet article propose une courte histoire du pétrarquisme anglais de la Renaissance, au sens le plus strict du terme : il ne prend donc en compte que la réception, l’imitation et la traduction du Rerum Vulgarium Fragmenta pétrarquéen. On peut considérer que l’impact de cette œuvre se fait sentir, parfois à basse intensité, de Chaucer à Milton ; la période la plus pertinente reste cependant la deuxième moitié du xvie siècle. À cette époque, l’Angleterre connaît un pétrarquisme au second degré, à travers la médiation, d’une part, des strambottistes italiens (au premier rang desquels figure Serafino Aquilano), d’autre part, des pétrarquistes français dans les dernières décennies du siècle. On insiste ici sur la nécessité de se départir d’une conception du pétrarquisme qui se limite à le voir comme objet de parodie, pour favoriser une perception de la complexité historique de la circulation et de l’adaptation de la poétique pétrarquiste. Il est notamment impossible, dans le contexte de l’Angleterre protestante, de séparer trop strictement un pétrarquisme profane et un pétrarquisme spirituel, tant ces deux traditions sont entrelacées. C’est donc probablement dans l’examen croisé de ses multiples avatars que se situe l’avenir des études sur le pétrarquisme anglais.
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The Binh, Nguyen. "Effects of adapted language materials in teaching listening on improving students’ English listening skill." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 4, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i4.619.
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So far the students of Le Hong Phong Junior High School, Phan Rang - Thap Cham City, Ninh Thuan province have been taught listening comprehension with textbook-based language materials which are too obsolete. Therefore, the students are often fed up with listening lessons; thus, their listening skill fails to improve after studying listening with textbooks for many years. Stimulated by this reality, the current study was carried out to investigate the effects of the adaptation of language materials in teaching listening on students' achievement of listening skill development. To obtain the above target, a conceptual framework of teaching listening with adapted language materials was developed. This framework was based on the theories of teaching listening and the implementation of language materials adaptation in listening skill instruction. Following the shaped conceptual framework, a training program with six listening lessons within the prescribed curriculum of ``Tiếng Anh 8'' by the MoET was conducted. The treatment lasted nearly four months from the middle of August 2018 to the end of November 2018 at Le Hong Phong Junior High School, Phan Rang - Thap Cham City, Ninh Thuan province. The results of the current study have shown that after the treatment of listening instruction with adapted language materials, students' achievement was proved to be significant in improving their listening skill. Also, teaching listening with adapted language materials got positive attitudes from the students. That is to say, adapted language materials were effective in improving students' listening skill development. Also, all the adapted listening texts and follow-up tasks highly met students' satisfaction. Accordingly, two major conclusions could be withdrawn from the findings that language materials adaptation was effective in (1) improving the students' listening skill, and (2) enhancing their interest in the listening lessons.
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Nicholls, Clara Inés, and Miguel A. Altieri. "Agroecological bases for the adaptation of agriculture to climate change." Advances in Modern Agriculture 1, no. 1 (June 6, 2020): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.54517/ama.v1i1.1984.
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<p>Although many indigenous and peasant populations are particularly exposed to the impacts of climate change and are vulnerable, some communities are actively responding to the changing climate and have demonstrated innovation and resilience, using a diversity of strategies to cope with droughts, floods, hurricanes, etc. In this article, we argue that traditional farming systems offer a wide range of management options and designs that increase functional biodiversity in crop fields, thereby enhancing the resilience of agroecological systems. Many of the traditional agroecological strategies that reduce vulnerability to climate variability include crop diversification, maintenance of local genetic diversity, animal integration, addition of organic matter to the soil, water harvesting, etc. Several agroecologists have deciphered the agroecological principles underlying these strategies, which can be adapted by taking different technological forms (according to farm size) to design modern agricultural systems that become increasingly resilient to climatic extremes.</p>
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Rozwadowska, Alicja. "The French Art of the Natural Horn Playing and the Adaptation of Valve Mechanisms in the 19th Century." Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ, no. 45 (2) (2020): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23537094kmmuj.20.028.13901.
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The article is an attempt at identifying issues related to the problem of the adaptation of valve mechanisms in Parisian orchestras and Conservatoire. Opinions and postulates of supporters and opponents are being presented, as well as the concepts of combining the valve instrument with the use of the natural horn playing technique. In this context, the perspective of natural horn players, who contributed to the significant delay in the adaptation of valve horns in Paris, are being discussed. Further parts of the text explain the construction of natural horns commonly used in the discussed period in France (cor solo and cor d’orchestre), as well as various issues related to the specific playing technique. The differences between cor alto and cor basse are being examined as well as the concept of cor mixte proposed by Frédéric Duvernoy.
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Zhao, Dandan, Jianguo Zhang, Nan Hui, Li Wang, Yang Tian, Wanning Ni, Jinhua Long, et al. "A Genomic Quantitative Study on the Contribution of the Ancestral-State Bases Relative to Derived Bases in the Divergence and Local Adaptation of Populus davidiana." Genes 14, no. 4 (March 29, 2023): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14040821.
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Identifying alleles associated with adaptation to new environments will advance our understanding of evolution from the molecular level. Previous studies have found that the Populus davidiana southwest population in East Asia has differentiated from other populations in the range. We aimed to evaluate the contributions of the ancestral-state bases (ASBs) relative to derived bases (DBs) in the local adaptation of P. davidiana in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau from a quantitative perspective using whole-genome re-sequencing data from 90 P. davidiana samples from three regions across the species range. Our results showed that the uplift of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau during the Neogene and associated climate fluctuations during the Middle Pleistocene were likely an important factor in the early divergence of P. davidiana. Highly differentiated genomic regions between populations were inferred to have undergone strong linked natural selection, and ASBs are the chief means by which populations of P. davidiana adapt to novel environmental conditions; however, when adapting to regions with high environmental differences relative to the ancestral range, the proportion of DBs was significantly higher than that of background regions, as ASBs are insufficient to cope with these environments. Finally, a number of genes were identified in the outlier region.
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Cantat, Olivier, Olivier Planchon, Hervé Quénol, Edwige Savouret, Benjamin Bois, François Beauvais, and Sophie Brunel-Muguet. "Gelées tardives et viticulture en basse et moyenne Vallée de la Loire (France)." Climatologie 16 (2019): 91–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/climatologie.1413.
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Dès que la situation météorologique est propice à l’établissement d’un temps clair et calme, des contrastes thermiques importants apparaissent de nuit au gré de facteurs locaux comme la topographie et la nature des sols. Si l’on croise ces composantes atmosphériques et géographiques avec la phénologie de la vigne, le printemps s’avère être une période particulièrement surveillée en raison de l’occurrence possible de gelées pouvant hypothéquer le développement du végétal et, par conséquent, pénaliser la production de raisins impactant les filières maraîchères et viticoles. Ce fut notamment le cas en France et dans certains pays voisins fin avril 2016, avec localement des gelées sous abri fortes (inférieures à -5°C) et durables (plusieurs heures consécutives). Le phénomène s’est également produit en 2017 et 2019. Pour illustrer les combinaisons de situations météorologiques et de phénomènes topoclimatiques à risques gélifs chez la vigne, l’étude de cas porte sur la basse et moyenne vallée de la Loire, région viticole française objet du programme européen LIFE-ADVICLIM (ADaptation of VIticulture to CLIMate change : High resolution observations of adaptation scenarii). Après avoir présenté le cadre climatique général du secteur d’étude, le contexte météorologique d’échelle synoptique et la particularité des gelées tardives par rapport à celles de pleine saison hivernale, l’article analyse la géographie à échelle fine de l’événement gélif du 27 avril 2016 entre Nantes et Orléans. Un zoom sur deux stations voisines représentatives de contextes géographiques différents (Romorantin à la topographie en creux sur sol sableux et Lye sur une colline dégagée) permet ensuite de montrer comment les jeux d’échelles spatio-temporelles mènent à une répartition thermique tout en contrastes, entre l’échelle synoptique (pour définir un potentiel de gelée tardive) et locale (pour en voir l’expression effective sur le terrain, en intensité comme en durée).
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Caffee, Naomi. "How Tatiana's voice rang across the steppe: Russian literature in the life and legend of Abai." Journal of Eurasian Studies 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2017.12.002.
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The Kazakh poet Abai Qunanbaiuly (1845–1904) today enjoys a dual legacy as the father of modern Kazakh literature (as distinct from its oral tradition) and also as an enlightener who translated the Russian classics into Kazakh and acted as a vital bridge between the two cultures. Much of Abai's reputation owes its existence to the twentieth-century author, critic, and scholar Mukhtar Auezov (1897–1961), whose biographical writings on the poet formed the standard narrative of his life and work. Initiated in 1937, the year of the Pushkin centennial celebrations in the Soviet Union, Auezov's literary canonization of Abai hinges on the poet's acquisition of the Russian language and his transformative encounters with Russian-language texts – most notably among them, Pushkin's Dubrovskii and Evgenii Onegin. In Auezov's account, Abai's efforts lead to the discovery of an authentically Kazakh literary voice, heralded by his successful adaptation of Pushkin's Evgenii Onegin into traditional Kazakh song form. In analyzing this prominent episode of the Abai legend, I argue that Russian literature's “conquest” in Central Asia was in fact a multifaceted dialogue in which writers laid the foundation for distinct national literary traditions by appropriating the literature of the colonizer – and in particular by reading, translating, displacing, domesticating, and “disorienting” the figure of Pushkin.
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Takehana, Yusuke, Margot Zahm, Cédric Cabau, Christophe Klopp, Céline Roques, Olivier Bouchez, Cécile Donnadieu, et al. "Genome Sequence of the Euryhaline Javafish Medaka, Oryzias javanicus: A Small Aquarium Fish Model for Studies on Adaptation to Salinity." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 3 (January 27, 2020): 907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400725.
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The genus Oryzias consists of 35 medaka-fish species each exhibiting various ecological, morphological and physiological peculiarities and adaptations. Beyond of being a comprehensive phylogenetic group for studying intra-genus evolution of several traits like sex determination, behavior, morphology or adaptation through comparative genomic approaches, all medaka species share many advantages of experimental model organisms including small size and short generation time, transparent embryos and genome editing tools for reverse and forward genetic studies. The Java medaka, Oryzias javanicus, is one of the two species of medaka perfectly adapted for living in brackish/sea-waters. Being an important component of the mangrove ecosystem, O. javanicus is also used as a valuable marine test-fish for ecotoxicology studies. Here, we sequenced and assembled the whole genome of O. javanicus, and anticipate this resource will be catalytic for a wide range of comparative genomic, phylogenetic and functional studies. Complementary sequencing approaches including long-read technology and data integration with a genetic map allowed the final assembly of 908 Mbp of the O. javanicus genome. Further analyses estimate that the O. javanicus genome contains 33% of repeat sequences and has a heterozygosity of 0.96%. The achieved draft assembly contains 525 scaffolds with a total length of 809.7 Mbp, a N50 of 6,3 Mbp and a L50 of 37 scaffolds. We identified 21454 predicted transcripts for a total transcriptome size of 57, 146, 583 bps. We provide here a high-quality chromosome scale draft genome assembly of the euryhaline Javafish medaka (321 scaffolds anchored on 24 chromosomes (representing 97.7% of the total bases)), and give emphasis on the evolutionary adaptation to salinity.
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Winnikoff, Jacob R., Daniel Milshteyn, Sasiri J. Vargas-Urbano, Miguel A. Pedraza-Joya, Aaron M. Armando, Oswald Quehenberger, Alexander Sodt, et al. "Homeocurvature adaptation of phospholipids to pressure in deep-sea invertebrates." Science 384, no. 6703 (June 28, 2024): 1482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adm7607.
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Hydrostatic pressure increases with depth in the ocean, but little is known about the molecular bases of biological pressure tolerance. We describe a mode of pressure adaptation in comb jellies (ctenophores) that also constrains these animals’ depth range. Structural analysis of deep-sea ctenophore lipids shows that they form a nonbilayer phase at pressures under which the phase is not typically stable. Lipidomics and all-atom simulations identified phospholipids with strong negative spontaneous curvature, including plasmalogens, as a hallmark of deep-adapted membranes that causes this phase behavior. Synthesis of plasmalogens enhanced pressure tolerance in Escherichia coli , whereas low-curvature lipids had the opposite effect. Imaging of ctenophore tissues indicated that the disintegration of deep-sea animals when decompressed could be driven by a phase transition in their phospholipid membranes.
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Barjot, Dominique. "Mobilité, adaptation, reconversion : trajectoires croisées de territoires désindustrialisés : Basse-Romanche, Moyenne-Maurienne, Haute-Durance (Fin XIXe siècle-XXIe siècle)." Revue française d'histoire économique N° 17, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfhe.017.0196.
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Edelsparre, Allan H., Mark J. Fitzpatrick, Marjo Saastamoinen, and Céline Teplitsky. "Evolutionary adaptation to climate change." Evolution Letters 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrad070.
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Abstract When the notion of climate change emerged over 200 years ago, few speculated as to the impact of rising atmospheric temperatures on biological life. Tens of decades later, research clearly demonstrates that the impact of climate change on life on Earth is enormous, ongoing, and with foreseen effects lasting well into the next century. Responses to climate change have been widely documented. However, the breadth of phenotypic traits involved with evolutionary adaptation to climate change remains unclear. In addition, it is difficult to identify the genetic and/or epigenetic bases of phenotypes adaptive to climate change, in part because it often is not clear whether this change is plastic, genetic, or some combination of the two. Adaptive responses to climate-driven selection also interact with other processes driving genetic changes in general, including demography as well as selection driven by other factors. In this Special Issue, we explore the factors that will impact the overall outcome of climate change adaptation. Our contributions explain that traits involved in climate change adaptation include not only classic phenomena, such as range shifts and environmentally dependent sex determination, but also often overlooked phenomena such as social and sexual conflicts and the expression of stress hormones. We learn how climate-driven selection can be mediated via both natural and sexual selection, effectively influencing key fitness-related traits such as offspring growth and fertility as well as evolutionary potential. Finally, we explore the limits and opportunities for predicting adaptive responses to climate change. This contribution forms the basis of 10 actions that we believe will improve predictions of when and how organisms may adapt genetically to climate change. We anticipate that this Special Issue will inform novel investigations into how the effects of climate change unfold from phenotypes to genotypes, particularly as methodologies increasingly allow researchers to study selection in field experiments.
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Michel, Jean-Baptiste. "William Harvey réinterprété à la lumière de l’évolution des espèces (I)." médecine/sciences 36, no. 11 (November 2020): 997–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020170.
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Au commencement est la pompe cardiaque qui produit un flux sanguin cyclique (énergie cinétique, Ek). En 1619, William Harvey (1578-1657) décrit expérimentalement, en utilisant des garrots veineux ou artériels, l’anatomie fonctionnelle de la circulation sanguine chez l’homme, à l’exception de la circulation capillaire. Pour la première fois est décrite la circulation sanguine en deux circuits fermés parallèles, l’un à haute pression, l’autre à basse pression. Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694) la complète par l’observation en microscopie du réseau capillaire. Un siècle plus tard, apparaissent les premières hypothèses sur l’évolution des espèces. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) propose en 1809 une théorie de transmission évolutive des caractères phénotypiques par adaptation aux contraintes environnementales. En 1859, Charles Darwin (1809-1882) élabore une théorie de la sélection naturelle. L’interprétation qui prévaut actuellement intègre à la fois la génétique et l’épigénétique dans la transmission intergénérationnelle, et dans la dynamique de développement des caractères phénotypiques individuels, en particulier chez l’homme.
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Tanaka, Hirokazu, and Terrence J. Sejnowski. "Motor adaptation and generalization of reaching movements using motor primitives based on spatial coordinates." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 4 (February 15, 2015): 1217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00002.2014.
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The brain processes sensory and motor information in a wide range of coordinate systems, ranging from retinal coordinates in vision to body-centered coordinates in areas that control musculature. Here we focus on the coordinate system used in the motor cortex to guide actions and examine physiological and psychophysical evidence for an allocentric reference frame based on spatial coordinates. When the equations of motion governing reaching dynamics are expressed as spatial vectors, each term is a vector cross product between a limb-segment position and a velocity or acceleration. We extend this computational framework to motor adaptation, in which the cross-product terms form adaptive bases for canceling imposed perturbations. Coefficients of the velocity- and acceleration-dependent cross products are assumed to undergo plastic changes to compensate the force-field or visuomotor perturbations. Consistent with experimental findings, each of the cross products had a distinct reference frame, which predicted how an acquired remapping generalized to untrained location in the workspace. In response to force field or visual rotation, mainly the coefficients of the velocity- or acceleration-dependent cross products adapted, leading to transfer in an intrinsic or extrinsic reference frame, respectively. The model further predicted that remapping of visuomotor rotation should under- or overgeneralize in a distal or proximal workspace. The cross-product bases can explain the distinct patterns of generalization in visuomotor and force-field adaptation in a unified way, showing that kinematic and dynamic motor adaptation need not arise through separate neural substrates.
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Golos, Michal R., François Sockhom Mey, Andreas Wistuba, Gideon Lim, Stewart R. McPherson, and Alastair S. Robinson. "Nepenthes limiana (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant from the northern Titiwangsa Range of Peninsular Malaysia." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 128–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn523.mg603.
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Nepenthes limiana, a pitcher plant from the northern Titiwangsa Range of Peninsular Malaysia, is described as new. It is the northernmost known species of the recently defined N. macfarlanei group, whose members are characterised by the presence of conspicuous hairs on the lower surface of the lid. It differs from other members of this group in exhibiting adaptations to seasonal drought in the form of thickened roots and narrow laminae that are reminiscent of those produced by the pyrophytic Nepenthes of Indochina and northernmost Malaysia. Coupled with the presence of decurrent leaf bases, which are not present in any other N. macfarlanei group species but which are present in the pyrophytic Nepenthes, these characters could indicate either morphological convergence or an as yet uncharacterised relationship between N. limiana and the Nepenthes species of Indochina.
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Du, Yangkai, Tengfei Ma, Lingfei Wu, Xuhong Zhang, and Shouling Ji. "AdaCCD: Adaptive Semantic Contrasts Discovery Based Cross Lingual Adaptation for Code Clone Detection." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 16 (March 24, 2024): 17942–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i16.29749.
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Code Clone Detection, which aims to retrieve functionally similar programs from large code bases, has been attracting increasing attention. Modern software often involves a diverse range of programming languages. However, current code clone detection methods are generally limited to only a few popular programming languages due to insufficient annotated data as well as their own model design constraints. To address these issues, we present AdaCCD, a novel cross-lingual adaptation method that can detect cloned codes in a new language without annotations in that language. AdaCCD leverages language-agnostic code representations from pre-trained programming language models and propose an Adaptively Refined Contrastive Learning framework to transfer knowledge from resource-rich languages to resource-poor languages. We evaluate the cross-lingual adaptation results of AdaCCD by constructing a multilingual code clone detection benchmark consisting of 5 programming languages. AdaCCD achieves significant improvements over other baselines, and achieve comparable performance to supervised fine-tuning.
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Diatta, M. Yaya, Sire Diédhiou, Arfang Ousmane Kémo Goudiaby, M. Jean Bassene, M. Yves Paterne Sagna, M. Mamadou Sow, and Mariama Dalanda Diallo. "Perception Et Stratégies D’adaptation Des Producteurs Face À La Salinisation Des Vallées Rizicoles De La Commune d’Enampore En Basse Casamance." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 11 (March 31, 2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n11p71.
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La dégradation du sol est un phénomène complexe, dans lequel interviennent plusieurs facteurs qui contribuent à la perte de la fertilité. Parmi ces facteurs, la salinisation des terres rizicoles est devenue une préoccupation pour les producteurs de la commune d’Enampore. L’objectif de cette étude est de contribuer à une connaissance des problèmes environnementaux induite par la salinité. Plus spécifiquement, il s’agit d’identifier les différentes stratégies d’adaptation des producteurs. La méthodologie utilisée s’appuie sur l’exploitation d’un questionnaire adressé à 237 ménages sur un total de 579 ménages répartis dans 5 villages. Les résultats ont montré les effets complexes de l’empreinte climatique à Enampore. Les principaux facteurs évoqués par les riziculteurs sont la baisse de la pluviométrie (46,6%) et l’avancée de la langue salée (47,2%). D’ailleurs, la présence du sel affecte directement les rizières (96,7%). Par ailleurs, la présence de chenille et d’insectes (49,8%) et l’acidification (41,4%) représentent aussi un problème central. La principale conséquence du sel sur l’environnement est la formation d’une croûte saline en surface (54,4%). Cette dernière se manifeste sur le riz par une chlorose (47,1%) et conduit à leur mortalité (48,2%). Face à ces problèmes, les riziculteurs mettent en place différentes stratégies d’adaptations durables. Il s’agit entre autres d’une mise en place de digue anti-sel et d’utilisation de fertilisants organiques contribuant ainsi à l’amélioration des rendements. Ainsi pour une meilleure gestion des contraintes identifiées, il serait intéressant de mener des expérimentations locales avec l’utilisation d’amendements organiques (biochar et compost d’anacarde) afin de proposer des pratiques plus durables.
Soil degradation is a complex phenomenon, involving several factors that contribute to the loss of fertility. Among these factors, the salinization of rice-growing land has become a concern for producers in the commune of Enampore. The objective of this study is to contribute to a knowledge of the environmental problems induced by salinity. More specifically, it is to identify the different adaptation strategies of producers. The methodology used is based on a questionnaire sent to 237 households out of a total of 579 households in 5 villages. The results showed the complex effects of the climate footprint in Enampore. The main factors cited by farmers were declining rainfall (46.6%) and the advance of the salt tongue (47.2%). Moreover, the presence of salt directly affects the rice fields (96.7%). In addition, the presence of caterpillars and insects (49.8%) and acidification (41.4%) are also a central problem. The main environmental consequence of salt is the formation of a salt crust on the surface (54.4%). This manifests itself on the rice by chlorosis (47.1%) and leads to their mortality (48.2%). In response to these problems, rice farmers are implementing various sustainable adaptation strategies. These include the installation of anti-salt dams and the use of organic fertilizers to improve yields. Thus, for a better management of the identified constraints, it would be interesting to conduct local experiments with the use of organic amendments (biochar and cashew compost) in order to propose more sustainable practices.
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Selbonne, Stan, Loïc Guindé, François Causeret, Pierre Chopin, Jorge Sierra, Régis Tournebize, and Jean-Marc Blazy. "How to Measure the Performance of Farms with Regard to Climate-Smart Agriculture Goals? A Set of Indicators and Its Application in Guadeloupe." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020297.
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Conceptualized by the Food and Agriculture Organization in 2010, climate-smart agriculture aims to simultaneously tackle three main objectives. These are increasing food security, building the resilience of agricultural systems for adaptation to climate change and mitigation of GHG. As much research focuses on one of these three objectives, our understanding of how agricultural systems address these three challenges simultaneously is limited by the lack of a comprehensive evaluation tool. In order to fill this gap, we have developed a generic evaluation framework that comprises 19 indicators that we measured in a sample of 12 representative farms of the North Basse-Terre region in Guadeloupe. The evaluation revealed clear differences in the performance of these farming systems. For example, nutritional performance varied from 0 to 13 people fed per hectare, the average potential impact of climatic conditions varied from 27% to 33% and the GHG emissions balance varied from +0.8 tCO2eq·ha−1 to +3.6 tCO2eq·ha−1. The results obtained can guide the design of innovative production systems that better meet the objectives of climate-smart agriculture for the study region. The evaluation framework is intended as a generic tool for a common evaluation basis across regions at a larger scale. Future prospects are its application and validation in different contexts.
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Finger, R. P., U. Kleinemas, E. L. Lamoureaux, C. Owsley, H. P. N. Scholl, and F. G. Holz. "070 Adaptation et évaluation de la version allemande de l’impact du profil de vidion et du questionnaire basse vision dans la DMLA atrophique géographique." Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 32 (April 2009): 1S37–1S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0181-5512(09)73210-3.
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PRIAMUHINA, Natalia, and Olha MOKRII. "THEORETICAL BASES OF ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT OF AGRARIAN SPHERE OF THE REGION." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 6 (46) (2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-6-1.
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The theoretical principles of adaptive management of agrarian sphere of the region are formulated in the article. The current state and main directions of the study of adaptive management are outlined. It has been identified that adaptive management is an interdisciplinary concept and has a wide scope. Based on the morphological analysis the following basic approaches to the interdisciplinary interpretation of the definition of “adaptive management” are identified and substantiated: process, system, structural, system-structural, functional and complex. Representatives of each approach to interpretation are described, characteristics and advantages and disadvantages are outlined. The mechanism, functions and stages of forming an adaptive control system at micro- and macro-levels are investigated. On the basis of the performed theoretical analysis, the aut hors formulated the definition and created the author's model of implementation of adaptive management, which involves making management decisions based on changes in the environment of the object's existence and its adaptation to them. The essential differences of adaptive, anti-crisis and antisipative management are outlined. The purpose, main task, orientation, period and form of implementation, tools, characters of interaction with the operating environment, goals, processing and ways of gathering information of such types of management are investigated. A wide range of definitions of adaptive management at the micro and macro levels have been analyzed and evaluated. The concept of adaptive management of agrarian sphere of the region is defined. The connection between the level of development of infrastructure, institutions, institutes and efficiency of the economy of the country and agrarian sphere in particular is noted. It is determined that the adaptive management of the agrarian sphere of the region should be based on a systematic approach using modern methods of management theory.
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Rehman, Saifur, Rima Ratnanggana Prasetya, Krisnoadi Rahardjo, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Fedik Abdul Rantam, Jola Rahmahani, Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum, et al. "Whole-genome sequence and genesis of an avian influenza virus H5N1 isolated from a healthy chicken in a live bird market in Indonesia: accumulation of mammalian adaptation markers in avian hosts." PeerJ 11 (February 21, 2023): e14917. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14917.
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Background Influenza A viruses are a major pathogen that causes significant clinical and economic harm to many animals. In Indonesia, the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has been endemic in poultry since 2003 and has caused sporadic deadly infections in humans. The genetic bases that determine host range have not yet been fully elucidated. We analyzed the whole-genome sequence of a recent H5 isolate to reveal the evolution toward its mammalian adaptation. Methods We determined the whole-genome sequence of A/chicken/East Java/Av1955/2022 (hereafter, “Av1955”) from a healthy chicken in April 2022 and conducted phylogenetic and mutational analysis. Results Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Av1955 belonged to the H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c (Eurasian lineage). The six gene segments (PB1, PB2, HA, NP, NA, and NS) out of the eight segments derived from viruses of H5N1 Eurasian lineage, one (PB2) from the H3N6 subtype and the remaining one (M) from the H5N1 clade 2.1.3.2b (Indonesian lineage). The donor of the PB2 segment was a reassortant among three viruses of H5N1 Eurasian and Indonesian lineages and the H3N6 subtype. The HA amino acid sequence contained multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site. Mutation analysis revealed that Av1955 possessed the maximal number of mammalian adaptation marker mutations. Conclusions Av1955 was a virus of H5N1 Eurasian lineage. The HA protein contains an HPAI H5N1-type cleavage site sequence, while the virus was isolated from a healthy chicken suggesting its low pathogenicity nature. The virus has increased mammalian adaptation markers by mutation and intra- and inter-subtype reassortment, gathering gene segments possessing the most abundant maker mutations among previously circulating viruses. The increasing mammalian adaptation mutation in avian hosts suggests that they might be adaptive to infection in mammalian and avian hosts. It highlights the importance of genomic surveillance and adequate control measures for H5N1 infection in live poultry markets.
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Хрундин, Д. В. "Expansion of the range of fermented plant-based products." Food processing industry, no. 10 (September 28, 2024): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2024.10.10.003.
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Потребление заменителей молока на растительной основе быстро распространилось по всему миру благодаря их многочисленным положительным воздействиям на организм человека. Эти напитки предпочитают люди с аллергией на коровье молоко, непереносимостью лактозы и гипохолестеринемией. Востребованность в таких продуктах связана также со стремлением людей вести здоровый образ жизни, с религиозными воззрениями, гуманным отношением к животным. В работе представлен краткий анализ отечественного рынка альтернативных продуктов. Рассмотрена возможность их ферментации молочнокислыми бактериями для получения новых видов продуктов. Были изготовлены образцы на овсяной, гречневой и рисовой основе с применением моно- и комплексных заквасок. Выявлена разная степень адаптации молочнокислых бактерий в зависимости от состава заквасок и типа субстрата. Брожение протекало более активно при использовании поликомпонентных заквасок и овсяной основы жирностью 3,2 %. Комплексный анализ органолептических, структурно-механических свойств и стабильности образцов показал необходимость использования пектина в качестве стабилизатора структуры. Результаты исследования влагоудерживающей способности и склонности к расслоению продукта также показали положительное влияние полисахарида. Всестороннее изучение образцов позволило установить, что продукт на овсяной основе с м.д.ж. 3,2 % является наиболее предпочтительным. The consumption of plant-based milk substitutes has spread rapidly around the world due to their many positive effects on the human body. These drinks are preferred by people with cow's milk allergies, lactose intolerance and hypocholesterolemia. Demand for such products is also associated with the desire of people to lead a healthy lifestyle, religious beliefs, humane treatment of animals. The paper presents a brief analysis of the domestic market of alternative products. The possibility of their fermentation by lactic acid bacteria to obtain new types of products is considered. Samples on oat, buckwheat and rice bases with the use of mono- and complex starter were made. Different degree of adaptation of lactic acid bacteria depending on the composition of starter and type of substrate was revealed. Fermentation was more active when using polycomponent starter and oat base with fat content of 3.2 %. Complex analysis of organoleptic, structural and mechanical properties and stability of the samples showed the necessity of using pectin as a stabilizer of the structure. The results of the study of moisture-holding capacity and tendency to stratification of the product also showed the positive effect of polysaccharide. Comprehensive study of the samples revealed that the oat-based product with a fat content of 3.2 % was the most preferred.
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Gribova, V. V., and V. S. Perevolotsky. "Knowledge Graph Formation Using LLM for Disease Treatment in Decision Support Systems." Programmnaya Ingeneria 15, no. 6 (June 25, 2024): 308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/prin.15.308-321.
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The article presents an advanced method for creating knowledge graphs, applicable in medical decision support systems. It focuses on adapting the method to various clinical guidelines, making it particularly valuable in the medi¬cal field. The developed universal ontological pattern allows for the formation of knowledge bases for a wide range of diseases, making the process flexible and scalable without the need for specific programming. This approach significantly reduces the labor intensity of creating medical support systems and facilitates their integration and adaptation to various clinical conditions and requirements. The practical significance of the method was confirmed in the management systems for the therapy of various diseases, including allergic rhinitis, underscoring its universality and applicability in the current medical context. The effectiveness of the proposed approach opens new perspectives for the development and improvement of medical information systems, contributing to the improvement of patient care and treatment quality. Thus, the article makes a significant contribution to the advancement of information technology in medicine, offering a solution that can be adapted for a wide range of medical applications and research.
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노승희. "A Study on the Adaptation Process of Romantic Realism Acting in Korea by Lee, Hae-rang: With Regard to the Transformation Process of His Concept of Inner Truth." Journal of Korean drama and theatre ll, no. 33 (April 2011): 85–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.17938/tjkdat.2011..33.85.
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Merrouche, Saad, Milenko Andrić, Boban Bondžulić, and Dimitrije Bujaković. "Objective Image Quality Measures for Disparity Maps Evaluation." Electronics 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2020): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101625.
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The evaluation of disparity (range) maps includes the selection of an objective image quality (or error) measure. Among existing measures, the percentage of bad matched pixels is commonly used. However, it requires a disparity error tolerance and ignores the relationship between range and disparity. In this research, twelve error measures are characterized in order to provide the bases to select accurate stereo algorithms during the evaluation process. Adaptations of objective quality measures for disparity maps’ accuracy evaluation are proposed. The adapted objective measures operate in a manner similar to the original objective measures, but allow special handling of missing data. Additionally, the adapted objective measures are sensitive to errors in range and surface structure, which cannot be measured using the bad matched pixels. Their utility was demonstrated by evaluating a set of 50 stereo disparity algorithms known in the literature. Consistency evaluation of the proposed measures was performed using the two conceptually different stereo algorithm evaluation methodologies—ordinary ranking and partition and grouping of the algorithms with comparable accuracy. The evaluation results showed that partition and grouping make a fair judgment about disparity algorithms’ accuracy.
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Carducci, Federica, Marco Barucca, Adriana Canapa, Elisa Carotti, and Maria Assunta Biscotti. "Mobile Elements in Ray-Finned Fish Genomes." Life 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10100221.
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Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) are a very diverse group of vertebrates, encompassing species adapted to live in freshwater and marine environments, from the deep sea to high mountain streams. Genome sequencing offers a genetic resource for investigating the molecular bases of this phenotypic diversity and these adaptations to various habitats. The wide range of genome sizes observed in fishes is due to the role of transposable elements (TEs), which are powerful drivers of species diversity. Analyses performed to date provide evidence that class II DNA transposons are the most abundant component in most fish genomes and that compared to other vertebrate genomes, many TE superfamilies are present in actinopterygians. Moreover, specific TEs have been reported in ray-finned fishes as a possible result of an intricate relationship between TE evolution and the environment. The data summarized here underline the biological interest in Actinopterygii as a model group to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the high biodiversity observed in this taxon.
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Rincón Martínez, Julio César, Carmen García Gómez, and Marcos Eduardo González Trevizo. "Estimación del rango de confort higrotérmico para exteriores en dos bioclimas extremos de México." Ingeniería Investigación y Tecnología 23, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fi.25940732e.2022.23.2.014.
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Los estudios sobre confort térmico desarrollados bajo las bases metodológicas del enfoque adaptativo, advierten una dependencia importante de la sensación térmica de los sujetos respecto a las condiciones climáticas exteriores del lugar habitado. Las condiciones adversas del ambiente térmico pueden influir negativamente en el bienestar, la eficiencia y el confort de los sujetos, lo que deriva en la subutilización de los espacios cuyas condiciones higrotérmicas son inapropiadas para la actividad para la que fueron construidos. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en estimar el rango de confort higrotérmico para espacios exteriores en dos bioclimas representativamente extremos en México: Cálido-húmedo y Semifrío-seco. El primero presenta una temperatura media anual de 26.2 °C y una precipitación total anual de 1,094.8 mm, mientras que el segundo, una de 17.3 °C y una de 217.3 mm, respectivamente. Los estudios son de tipo correlacional y fueron analizados con 605 evaluaciones y el registro simultáneo de la temperatura, la humedad relativa y la velocidad de viento, durante el periodo cálido. Los cuestionarios aplicados se diseñaron con base en la ISO 10551 y la ANSI/ASHRAE 55; asimismo, los instrumentos de medición física se establecieron a partir de la ISO 7726. Los datos recabados fueron procesados estadísticamente con el método de Medias por Intervalos de Sensación Térmica. El rango de confort higrotérmico estimado para el bioclima Cálido-húmedo fue de 21.8 °C a 34.9 °C para la temperatura y de 38.3 % a 85.8 % para la humedad relativa, mientras que para el Semifrío-seco fue de 19.4 °C a 25.0 °C y de 54.2 % a 84.0 %, respectivamente. Estas estimaciones responden a la adaptación que las personas presentan con su ambiente inmediato, a razón de las condiciones climáticas locales de cada lugar y el periodo de evaluación estudiado.
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Edward, Karen L., and Mark S. Harvey. "Short-range endemism in hypogean environments: the pseudoscorpion genera Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the semiarid zone of Western Australia." Invertebrate Systematics 22, no. 2 (2008): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is07025.
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We studied a variety of chthoniid pseudoscorpions collected from the semiarid zone of Western Australia. Five new species of Tyrannochthonius Chamberlin, 1929 and three new species of Lagynochthonius Beier, 1951 are named and described from the Pilbara and Gasgoyne regions, and surrounding areas such as Barrow Island. Tyrannochthonius basme, sp. nov. and Lagynochthonius asema, sp. nov. from pisolitic mesas near Pannawonica, T. garthhumphreysi, sp. nov. from limestone karst on Barrow Island, T. souchomalus, sp. nov. from calcrete deposits near Cue, T. billhumphreysi, sp. nov. and L. polydentatus, sp. nov. from a calcrete deposit on Sturt Meadows Station and L. leemouldi, sp. nov. from calcrete near Marble Bar are all considered to represent hypogean species as all exhibit typical troglomorphic adaptations including total loss of eyes and attenuated appendages. New records are provided for T. brooksi Harvey and T. butleri Harvey from Cape Range peninsula. A new epigean species, T. aridus, sp. nov., was found on Barrow Island and the Pilbara mainland. Two further putative new species based upon nymphal specimens from subterranean environments are described but not named owing to the lack of adult specimens. Although the epigean species T. aridus, sp. nov. is relatively widespread, all of the subterranean species are thought to represent short-range endemic species as they have been found at very few locations, all of which occur in localised habitats such as limestone or within mesa formations. Tyrannochthonius chamorro Chamberlin, 1947 from Guam is transferred to the genus Lagynochthonius, creating the new combination Lagynochthonius chamorro (Chamberlin 1947).
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Gella, Getachew Workineh, Lorenz Wendt, Stefan Lang, Dirk Tiede, Barbara Hofer, Yunya Gao, and Andreas Braun. "Mapping of Dwellings in IDP/Refugee Settlements from Very High-Resolution Satellite Imagery Using a Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030689.
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Earth-observation-based mapping plays a critical role in humanitarian responses by providing timely and accurate information in inaccessible areas, or in situations where frequent updates and monitoring are required, such as in internally displaced population (IDP)/refugee settlements. Manual information extraction pipelines are slow and resource inefficient. Advances in deep learning, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are providing state-of-the-art possibilities for automation in information extraction. This study investigates a deep convolutional neural network-based Mask R-CNN model for dwelling extractions in IDP/refugee settlements. The study uses a time series of very high-resolution satellite images from WorldView-2 and WorldView-3. The model was trained with transfer learning through domain adaptation from nonremote sensing tasks. The capability of a model trained on historical images to detect dwelling features on completely unseen newly obtained images through temporal transfer was investigated. The results show that transfer learning provides better performance than training the model from scratch, with an MIoU range of 4.5 to 15.3%, and a range of 18.6 to 25.6% for the overall quality of the extracted dwellings, which varied on the bases of the source of the pretrained weight and the input image. Once it was trained on historical images, the model achieved 62.9, 89.3, and 77% for the object-based mean intersection over union (MIoU), completeness, and quality metrics, respectively, on completely unseen images.
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Stillman, J. H., and G. N. Somero. "A comparative analysis of the evolutionary patterning and mechanistic bases of lactate dehydrogenase thermal stability in porcelain crabs, genus Petrolisthes." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 4 (February 15, 2001): 767–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.4.767.
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The kinetic properties of orthologous homologs (orthologs) of enzymes are typically correlated with environmental temperatures in species adapted to different thermal regimes, but correlations between adaptation temperature and enzyme thermal stability are less clear. Although the thermal stability of a protein is related chiefly to its primary structure (including post-translational modification), thermal stability can also be altered by extrinsic factors present in the intracellular milieu. Here, we present a comparative analysis of the thermal stability of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) orthologs from 22 congeneric species of porcelain crab (genera Petrolisthes and Allopetrolisthes) from a broad range of thermal habitats. Interspecific diversity of LDH stability is high: temperatures required for a 50 % loss of activity in 10 min ranged from 65 to 75.5 degrees C, corresponding to half-lives of less than 1 min to more than 3 h at 70 degrees C. Although stability is positively correlated with maximal habitat temperature in some sister taxa, phylogenetic comparative analysis incorporating all 22 species does not indicate that the interspecific diversity of LDH stability represents an adaptive response to current thermal habitats. Examination of the mechanistic bases of LDH stabilization indicates that differences in stability are related both to properties of the LDH molecule itself (intrinsic stability) and to the effects of extrinsic protein(s). Intrinsic differences were shown by the unfolding of structure during heating, as measured by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Stabilizing effects of extrinsic proteins are implied by the results of cellular fractionation experiments that removed low-molecular-mass solutes and proteins from the muscle homogenates. We conclude that the overall structural stability and functional properties of proteins can evolve independently and that in vivo protein-protein interactions can provide another means to regulate protein stability selectively.
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Arriaga Osuna, Maria Fernanda, Julio César Rincón Martínez, and Karen Estrella Martínez Torres. "Confort térmico adaptativo en cañón urbano: El caso de un clima mediterráneo." Ingeniería Investigación y Tecnología 25, no. 3 (July 1, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fi.25940732e.2024.25.3.019.
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La naturaleza física del entorno urbano da lugar al fenomeno de la isla de calor urbana (ICU), lo que propicia que el ambiente térmico de las ciudades sea incómodo al aumentar la temperatura del aire (Ta) aproximadamente 0.4 °C al año. Al carecer de un ambiente térmico adecuado, se limita el uso de los espacios exteriores. Dichos efectos dejan en evidencia la importancia de estudiar las condiciones de confort térmico exterior, para establecer las bases que permitan la toma de decisiones en el proceso de diseño y planificación urbana. El objetivo de la investigación consistió en evaluar el confort térmico adaptativo a través de la sensación térmica del peatón de un cañón urbano en un área residencial. El estudio se realizó durante el período de transición de frío a cálido (primavera) en Ensenada, Baja California, México. Se desarrolló un estudio correlacional, donde se midieron distintas variables fisicas del ambiente térmico (Temperatura de globo negro, temperatura de bulbo seco, humedad relativa y velocidad del aire) y se aplicaron encuestas sobre sensación térmica, de las cuales se obtuvieron 211 observaciones, 114 (54.1 %) fueron respuestas de hombres y 97 (45.9 %) fueron respuestas de mujeres, con 18 a 30 años de edad. El análisis de datos se realizó con el método de Medias por Intervalo de Sensación Térmica (MIST), donde se observó el fenómeno de adaptación por el comportamiento de las sensaciones térmicas registradas y los rangos de confort térmico (reducido y extenso) estimados a través de las desviaciones estándar (DS). El rango de confort reducido y extenso para la sensación térmica fue de 2.7 K y 5.4 K respectivamente; para la sensación hígrica fue de 13.2 % y 26.3 % respectivamente; y para la velocidad del viento fue de 2.6 m/s y 4.2 m/s, respectivamente.
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Tuleshova, Ulzhan Zhangeldynovna. "New estates and social policy of the Russian Empire in the Kazakh steppe in the 19th century." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201982225.
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In empire-building of the 19th century the Russian power had a priority task that was to build a uniform political and social system across all imperial territory which included absolutely different regions. The Kazakh steppe as a part of the empire represented a cultural type distinctive from the center, based on nomadic lifestyle. In the background of difficult methods of construction of the unified empire, one of important questions was the state policy promoting creation of a socio-political system in the Kazakh steppe which would be most approximate to the empire model. This paper investigates the nature of social changes and process of new estates formation (the nobility and honorable citizens) in the Steppe in the context of administrative, social policy of the Russian government. Social changes on the Kazakh lands began with transformation of the administrative-territorial structure of the region at the beginning of the 19th century. With introduction of new legally fixed form of political management and inclusion of the Kazakh region in the rang system of the empire traditional social order of Kazakhs was transformed, and new estates on an imperial sample as officials, noblemen and honorable citizens began to form. Actually the process of formation and character of these estates among Kazakh nomads differed from social groups of the settled and agricultural people. The symbiosis of traditional nomadic and imperial social features was observed, at that time the imperial government maintained distinctions among the incorporated groups. The important aspect in social transformation of the Kazakh steppe was incorporation of the Kazakh elite in privileged estates (the nobility and honorable citizens) of the Russian Empire. In this connection, the paper represents the process of entry of the Kazakh sultans into nobility of the empire and features of the Kazakh nobility. The paper also considers the process of adaptation of local population to new social transformations. Their study will allow to reveal characteristics of imperial methods in the region and perceptions of the new social system by the Kazakh population, extent of their identification with imperial estates.
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Tyshchenko, Andrii, Olena Tyshchenko, Vira Konovalova, Kateryna Fundirat, and Olena Piliarska. "Methods of determining the adaptability and ecological stability of plants." InterConf, no. 33(155) (May 19, 2023): 324–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.05.2023.029.
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Resistance to stress factors is of great natural and ecological importance, since the ability of plants to adapt to the conditions of existence is one of the factors that determines the range of distribution of species and cultures. In this regard, there is a growing need for an accurate assessment of the adaptive potential of plants, which is impossible without studying the physiological bases of their resistance and developing agrotechnical, selection-genetic, and genetic engineering methods for increasing the resistance of cultivated plants to abiotic stresses using new fundamental knowledge about the mechanisms of resistance. Adaptability of each variety is reflected in numerous adaptive reactions, which collectively make up the adaptive potential of the genotype. Each adaptive reaction, in turn, reflects the reaction of the entire biological system to changes in the environment through the links of morphogenetic effects that complete the formation of a specific feature of the plant, and selection for survival is an adaptive process, a kind of compensation for such adaptation is a decrease in potential and actual seed productivity. This article presents the methods of determining environmental stability, plasticity, with the help of which it is possible to classify varieties according to the type of direction of cultivation: intensive, stable and plastic.
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Selbonne, Stan, Loïc Guindé, François Causeret, Thierry Bajazet, Lucienne Desfontaines, Mathieu Duval, Jorge Sierra, Franck Solvar, Régis Tournebize, and Jean-Marc Blazy. "Co-Design and Experimentation of a Prototype of Agroecological Micro-Farm Meeting the Objectives Set by Climate-Smart Agriculture." Agriculture 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010159.
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Developing climate-smart agriculture is an urgent necessity to ensure the food security of a growing global population, to improve the adaptation of agricultural systems to climatic hazards, and to reach a negative carbon balance. Different approaches are being explored to achieve those objectives, including the development of new technologies for efficiency improvements to current systems and substitution of chemical inputs by bio-inputs, but the urgency of the climatic, social, and environmental context calls for more disruptive actions to be taken. We propose an approach to the design of climate-smart production systems structured in four steps: (1) diagnosis of the study region on the basis of the three pillars of climate-smart agriculture, (2) co-design of a disruptive system only based on agroecological and bioeconomic principles, (3) long-term experimentation of this system, and (4) in itinere adjustment of the system based on collected data and on-field evaluations with agricultural stakeholders. The outcome of this approach is the agroecological microfarm named KARUSMART, settled in 2018 on one hectare in the North Basse-Terre region of Guadeloupe (F.W.I.). This study presents its co-design and experimentation stages as well as the first performance results. At the end of the first two years, this microfarm showed a clear improvement in 15 of the 19 indicators used to evaluate the performance of the actual farming systems in the study region. Among the most striking results are a clear superiority in nutritional performance from 3 pers.ha-1 to 8 pers.ha-1 and a reduction in GHG balance from +2.4 tCO2eq.ha-1 to −1.1 tCO2eq.ha-1 for the study area and the microfarm, respectively. These results are promising for developing climate-smart agricultural systems and need to be consolidated further through longer-term monitoring data, the implementation of more similar systems in the study area, and the implementation of the design principles in other contexts.
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GBEDJI, Bénisse Gbètodonougbo, Maman-Sani ISSA, and Euloge OGOUWALE. "Strategies D’adaptation Des Entrepreneurs En Agrobusiness Aux Contraintes Climatiques Dans Les Communes D’adjohoun Et De Bonou Au Sud Est Du Benin." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 34, no. 1 (September 12, 2022): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v34.1.4564.
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Résumé L’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser les stratégies développées par les entrepreneurs pour faire face aux contraintes climatiques au développement de l’entreprenariat en agrobusiness dans les Communes d’Adjohoun et de Bonou dans la basse vallée de l’Ouémé (BVO) au Sud-est du Bénin. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des données climatologiques (hauteurs de pluies journalières, mensuelles et annuelles), thermométriques (températures mensuelles et annuelles), des données hydrologiques sur la période 1965-2015, des informations socio-économiques (perceptions des acteurs) sont collectées. L’analyse des résultats montre que les indicateurs pluvio-thermométriques à travers les tests de Mann Kendall et de Student sont globalement en baisse (préciptatations) et en hausse (températures) alors que l’indice SPI a permis d’identifier les différentes périodes de sécheresse enregistrées dans le milieu. Les récurrences des pluies et débits maximales permettent de dire que le secteur de recherche peut être en proie à des crues exceptionnelles susceptibles d’occasionner des inondations. Autant de menaces sur le développement de l’entreprenariat en agrobusiness dans ces Communes. Pour limiter la vulnérabilité des activités agricoles et promouvoir l’entreprenariat en agrobusiness afin d’assurer la sécurité alimentaire dans ce milieu et au Bénin, les acteurs impliqués ont développé plusieurs stratégies d’adaptation dont essentiellement le choix et l’utilisation des variétés à cycle court, l’adoption des techniques de semis précoce et tardif etdes cultures de contre-saison, la récolte précoce, la mise en valeur des bas-fonds, etc. Mots-clés : Adjohoun et Bonou, contraintes climatique, agrobusiness, adaptation. AbstractThe objective of this work is to analyze the strategies developed by agribusiness entrepreneurs to deal with climatic constraints to the development of agribusiness entrepreneurship in the Communes of Adjohoun and Bonou in the lower Ouémé valley (BVO) in southeastern Benin. To achieve this objective, climatological data (daily, monthly and annual rainfall), thermometric (monthly and annual temperatures), hydrological data over the period 1965-2015, socio-economic information (stakeholder perceptions) are collected. The analysis of the results shows that the rainfall-thermometric indicators through the Mann Kendall and Student tests are globally decreasing (rainfall) and increasing (temperatures) while the SPI index has made it possible to identify the different periods of drought recorded in the environment. The recurrences of rainfall and maximum flows indicate that the research area may be subject to exceptional floods likely to cause flooding. So many threats to the development of agribusiness entrepreneurship in these municipalities. To limit these effects linked to climate change on agricultural activities and promote entrepreneurship in agribusiness in order to ensure food security in this environment and in Benin, the actors involved have developed several adaptation strategies, mainly the use of varieties short cycle, early and late sowing techniques, off-season crops, early harvesting, development of lowlands, etc. Keywords: Adjohoun and Bonou, constraints, agribusiness,
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Dougan, Michael. "EU Competences In An Age Of Complexity And Crisis: Challenges And Tensions In The System Of Attributed Powers." Common Market Law Review 61, Issue 1 (February 1, 2024): 93–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2024004.
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This article argues that the Union’s experience of tackling increasingly complex socio-economic and geopolitical problems has revealed certain limitations in our well-established legal understanding of the principle of conferral. Our current legal approach to verifying the existence of Union competence focuses almost entirely on the relationship between each and every discrete and individual Union measure, on the one hand, and its purported legal basis or bases under the Treaties, on the other hand. That approach offers only limited recognition to the particular demands imposed on Union policymaking by challenges of formidable scale, complexity and often urgency – demanding solutions based on multi-faceted, multi-component, and highly integrated regulatory packages. Such legal diffidence can generate a range of tensions: further complicating an already difficult negotiating process; interfering in or even altogether unpicking delicate political compromises; forcing the Union institutions towards suboptimal policy responses or exposing them to allegations of “competence creep”; and raising difficult questions about the estranged legitimacy claims of robust constitutional law versus effective public governance. That analysis invites us to reflect critically on the performance, merits and limits of the current Treaty frameworkgoverning attributed Union powers, not least by suggesting some potential adaptations and reforms that might help ameliorate such tensions.
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Postic, Estelle, Yannick Outreman, Stéphane Derocles, Caroline Granado, and Anne Le Ralec. "Genetics of wild and mass-reared populations of a generalist aphid parasitoid and improvement of biological control." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): e0249893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249893.
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Due to their ability to parasitize various insect species, generalist parasitoids are widely used as biological control agents. They can be mass-reared and released in agroecosystems to control several pest species in various crops. However, the existence of genetic differentiation among populations of generalist parasitoid species is increasingly recognized and this can be associated with an adaptation to local conditions or to a reduced range of host species. Moreover, constraints of mass-rearing conditions can alter genetic variation within parasitoid populations released. These features could be associated with a reduced efficiency of the control of targeted pest species. Here, we focused on strawberry greenhouses where the control of aphids with the generalist parasitoidAphidius erviappears to be inefficient. We investigated whether this inefficiency may have both genetic and ecological bases comparing wild and commercial populations ofA.ervi. We used two complementary genetic approaches: one based on the mitochondrial marker COI and one based on microsatellite markers. COI analysis showed a genetic differentiation within theA.ervispecies, but the structure was neither associated with the commercial/wild status nor with host species factors. On the other hand, using microsatellite markers, we showed a genetic differentiation between commercial and wildA.ervipopulations associated with a loss of genetic diversity within the mass-reared populations. Our ecological genetics study may potentially explain the weak efficiency of biological control of aphids in protected strawberry crops and enable to provide some insights to improve biological control.
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Polonio, Julio, Marcos Ribeiro, Cintia Fávaro-Polonio, Eduardo Meurer, João Azevedo, Halison Golias, and João Pamphile. "Differential Chemical Profile of Metabolite Extracts Produced by the Diaporthe citri (G-01) Endophyte Mediated by Varying the Fermented Broth pH." Metabolites 12, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080692.
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Endophytic microorganisms show great potential for biotechnological exploitation because they are able to produce a wide range of secondary compounds involved in endophyte–plant adaptation, and their interactions with other living organisms that share the same microhabitat. Techniques used to chemically extract these compounds often neglect the intrinsic chemical characteristics of the molecules involved, such as the ability to form conjugate acids or bases and how they influence the solubilities of these molecules in organic solvents. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate how the pH of the fermented broth affects the process used to extract the secondary metabolites of the Diaporthe citri strain G-01 endophyte with ethyl acetate as the organic solvent. The analyzed samples, conducted by direct-infusion electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry, were grouped according to the pH of the fermented broth (i.e., <7 and ≥7). A more extreme pH (i.e., 2 or 12) was found to affect the chemical profile of the sample. Moreover, statistical analysis enabled us to determine the presence or absence of ions of high importance; for example, ions at 390.7 and 456.5 m/z were observed mainly at acidic pH, while 226.5, 298.3, and 430.1 m/z ions were observed at pH ≥ 7. Extraction at a pH between 4 and 9 may be of interest for exploring the differential secondary metabolites produced by endophytes. Furthermore, pH influences the chemical phenotype of the fungal metabolic extract.
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Onaga, Geoffrey, Khady Nani Dramé, and Abdelbagi M. Ismail. "Understanding the regulation of iron nutrition: can it contribute to improving iron toxicity tolerance in rice?" Functional Plant Biology 43, no. 8 (2016): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp15305.
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Iron nutrition in plants is highly regulated in order to supply amounts sufficient for optimal growth while preventing deleterious effects. In response to iron deficiency, plants induce either reduction-based or chelation-based mechanisms to enhance iron uptake from the soil. Major physiological traits and genes involved in these mechanisms have been fairly well described in model plants like Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, for rice, iron toxicity presents a major challenge worldwide and causes yield reductions because rice is widely cultivated in flooded soils. Nonetheless, rice employs different mechanisms of adaptation to iron-toxicity, which range from avoidance to tissue tolerance. The physiological and molecular bases of such mechanisms have not been fully investigated and their use in breeding for iron-toxicity tolerance remains limited. Efforts to precisely characterise iron-toxicity control mechanisms may help speed-up the development of tolerant rice varieties. Considering how far the understanding of iron dynamics in the soil and plants has progressed, we consider it valuable to exploit such knowledge to improve rice tolerance to iron toxicity. Here we present the mechanisms that regulate iron uptake from the rhizosphere to the plant tissues together with the possible regulators involved. In addition, a genetic model for iron-toxicity tolerance in rice, which hypothesises possible modulation of key genes involved in iron nutrition and regulation is presented. The possibility of incorporating such relevant regulators in breeding is also discussed.
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De Leo, D. "Suicide in Old Age: a threaten to Human Rights?" European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.124.
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Mental health care remains a pillar of suicide prevention also in late, but the range of interventions should include attention to the many socio-environmental conditions that are relevant to this stage of life. Community programs that promote a sense of worthiness and belonging should be strongly encouraged in order to preserve personal identity and social integration. Loneliness has to be counteracted in its many facets and with vigour, given its multiple negative impacts. The fight against stigma and ageistic views - still deeply rooted even among health workers – should be carried out with determination. Active promotion of a culture of resilience and adaptation to different phases of life and the changes imposed by them should constitute the founding bases of all efforts aimed at promoting a successful aging process. Combating discrimination against older people, as well as promoting basic social determinants of health, would help prevent suicide. However, these issues are still very underrepresented in the global agenda of health care. While having an effective impact on the numerous forms of discrimination would require legal interventions by governments, fighting stigma would primarily involve education aimed at changing beliefs and attitudes. Promotion of human rights, with particular regard to protection against abandonment, abuse and violence - particularly deleterious aspects in old age – appears as essential for personal empowerment of older individuals. Once become more powerful, older people may become more capable of defending their interests in terms of quality of life and protection against risk factors for suicide. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Wester, Stefan, and Gerhard Zotz. "Growth and survival of Tillandsia flexuosa on electrical cables in Panama." Journal of Tropical Ecology 26, no. 1 (December 8, 2009): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409990459.
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Almost 50% of the estimated 2500 species in the Bromeliaceae grow epiphytically in a remarkably wide range of habitats from inhospitable deserts to tropical rain forests (Benzing 2000). The degree of dependence on the host varies (Benzing 1990, Laube & Zotz 2006), and in some cases, epiphytic bromeliads may dispense completely with living hosts, and may thrive on artificial substrates such as electrical cables. This is not entirely surprising because this family provides examples of particularly remarkable adaptations to the epiphytic habitat like water-impounding leaf bases and water- and nutrient-absorbing scales (Benzing 2000). The so-called atmospheric forms in this family (e.g. Tillandsia recurvata) possess a dense covering of these scales, and use roots entirely as holdfasts, while leaves perform photosynthesis and take up water and nutrients. Although quite regularly mentioned in the literature (Benzing 1990, 2000; Brighigna et al. 1997, Lüttge 1989), we are not aware of any study investigating the vigour of plants growing on cables compared with plants growing on trees. The only functional aspects that have already been studied are related to nutrients, i.e. presence of nitrogen-fixing endophytes in Tillandsia recurvata plants from natural hosts and from electrical cables in Mexico (Puente & Bashan 1994) and differences in chemical composition of plant tissues and nutrient retention by leaves in Tillandsia capillaris growing on cables and trees in Argentina (Abril & Bucher 2009). Intermittent water supply, but also low nutrient supply, play an important role in epiphyte ecology (Zotz & Hietz 2001), which leads to the following alternative hypotheses: (1) Plants on electrical cables are usually close to roads.
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Iyiola-Tunji, A. O. "Climate-smart livestock production: options for Nigerian farmers." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 4 (March 8, 2021): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i4.3005.
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This paper is focused on reviewing the three key pillars of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in relation to livestock production (i.e., increased productivity, mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions and adaptation to climate change) while exploring the development intervention options for Nigerian livestock farmers. The most serious impacts of climate change are anticipated in grazing systems because of their dependence on climatic conditions and the natural resource base, and their limited adaptation opportunities. Impacts are expected to be most severe in arid and semi-arid grazing systems at low latitudes, where higher temperatures and lower rainfall are expected to reduce yields on range lands and increase land degradation. The dual pathways of responses between climate change and livestock production activities were depicted in this review. It is of note that climate change as a natural phenomenon works on the principle of causes and effect. The actions and in-actions of man will dictate the type of results obtainable in his immediate environment. Means by which livestock farmers can mitigate the GHGs and adapt to the effect of climate changes were discussed in this paper. Concerted efforts at ameliorating the effect of climate change on livestock production are needed. The smart options for rearing livestock are capable of mitigating the attendant effect of production activities of the stocks, reducing the stress obtainable from altered environment and ensuring food security. Nigeria as a country will need to evolve policies that will ensure promotion and subsequent adoptions of technologies that are smart in terms of increasing productivity of farm animals, reducing emissions of GHG and positively altering the effect of climate change. Cet article se concentre sur l'examen des trois piliers clés de l'agriculture intelligente face au climat (ASC) en relation avec la production animale (c.-à-d. Augmentation de la productivité, atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et adaptation au changement climatique) tout en explorant les options d'intervention de développement pour les éleveurs nigérians. Les impacts les plus graves du changement climatique sont anticipés dans les systèmes de pâturage en raison de leur dépendance aux conditions climatiques et de la base de ressources naturelles, et de leurs possibilités d'adaptation limitées. Les impacts devraient être les plus graves dans les systèmes de pâturage arides et semi-arides à basses latitudes, où des températures plus élevées et des précipitations plus faibles devraient réduire les rendements sur les pâturages et augmenter la dégradation des terres. Les doubles voies de réponses entre le changement climatique et les activités de production animale ont été décrites dans cette revue. Il est à noter que le changement climatique en tant que phénomène naturel fonctionne sur le principe des causes et des effets. Les actions et les in-actions de l'homme dicteront le type de résultats pouvant être obtenus dans son environnement immédiat. Les moyens par lesquels les éleveurs peuvent atténuer les GES et s'adapter aux effets des changements climatiques ont été discutés dans ce document. Des efforts concertés pour atténuer les effets du changement climatique sur la production animale sont nécessaires. Les options intelligentes pour l'élevage du bétail sont capables d'atténuer l'effet connexe des activités de production des stocks, de réduire le stress résultant de l'altération de l'environnement et d'assurer la sécurité alimentaire. Le Nigéria, en tant que pays, devra élaborer des politiques qui assureront la promotion et l'adoption ultérieure de technologies intelligentes en termes d'augmentation de la productivité des animaux d'élevage, de réduction des émissions de GES et de modification positive des effets du changement climatique.
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Khokhrіakova, D. O. "Prefab – technology using light steel thin-walled structures and prospects for its development in Ukraine." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency 1, no. 48 (June 24, 2021): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2021.48(1).62-74.
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Foreign experience testifies to the widespread use of prefab – technologies using light steel thin-walled structures, due to a significant economic effect, which is achieved by reducing the loads from the dead weight of structures, reducing transport costs, and reducing construction time. A comparative analysis of the normative and technical base shows that national standards bodies in European countries, unlike Ukraine, maintain the relevance of a sufficiently large package of existing standards for prefab technologies and create new ones to meet the needs of the construction industry. The introduction of design standards for structures made of thin-walled cold-formed elements in Ukraine occurs with a delay of several years, and for prefabs there are no standards at all. In order to structure a wide range of prefab – structures made of light steel thin-walled structures and improve the ability of the construction industry to assess the effectiveness of various design and technological solutions, their classification according to the degree of completeness and enlargement is presented. The analysis of the available experience allowed us to form the areas of effective application of prefab – systems for buildings for various purposes, considering the characteristic requirements. The difficulties that the construction industry of Ukraine may face in the implementation of this technology are predicted: due to the persistent image of low-quality prefabricated houses of the Soviet era, the consumer prefers traditional technologies, the size of the initial investment repels developers, the lack of specific skills related to modular construction among designers and works contractors, the low competitiveness of Ukrainian companies in this sector against the background of foreign companies operating at the international level reduces the economic benefits of the state. Steps are proposed for the introduction of prefab – technologies in Ukraine: improvement of normative and technical and budgetary bases, training of engineering personnel, adaptation of business models, planning and financing of a modular approach, creation of an appropriate coordination center.
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Roşca, Vlad. "Stop hitting the woodwork! CRM for better fan-identification in Romanian second division football clubs." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0075.
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Abstract According to pundits, Romanian football is at an unprecedented low in terms of sporting quality and fan followship altogether. A mix of mismanagement and public regulations have transformed football clubs into under-financed organizations, unable to groom their academic work, raise quality players and, subsequently, perform at highest level which ultimately led to a decrease in entertainment on the pitch and of the numbers in attendance. Adding to this is the loss of brand identity that has created a rupture between clubs and their fan-bases. The paper aims to look at customer relationship management principles that lower-league clubs can use to build better fan relationships, while also identifying, using the same CRM optic, what actually led to the decline in quality. Second tier football has been chosen as opposed to top-flight because it consists of several clubs with development potential within their municipalities, because some of their problems are more stringent than in the upper league and, last but not least, in many cases, total attendance per game is as low as 50-300 people. The research starts with a general presentation of customer relationship management. In order to prepare CRM’s adaptation to the business of professional sports, some focus will be set on the services industry. The article then presents how CRM can be applied to sports, and, in the end, it narrows down to the specific case of Romanian football by starting the investigation from some of the challenges currently faced by the sport. Particular attention is granted to the online environment, as the latter one is host to a wide range of not very expensive CRM strategies and tactics that clubs can use, cost being a factor to be taken into account for a sector with scarce monetary resources. Last but not least, the paper ends with a set of recommendations as well as future ideas for research.
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Audoglio, Monica, Felicita Scapini, and Fulvia Campacci. "VARIATION AMONG NATURAL POPULATIONS OF TALITRUS SALTATOR (AMPHIPODA): MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS." Crustaceana 72, no. 7 (1999): 659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099503708.
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AbstractThe talitrid amphipod Talitrus saltator has a wide distribution along European Atlantic and Mediterranean sandy shores. Previous research had estimated genetic differences among populations with iso-enzyme electrophoresis, as well as differences in behavioural adaptation related to ecological features. In this study morphometric differences among four Mediterranean (Italian coasts) and three Atlantic (Portuguese and Welsh coasts) populations were estimated, which may give information on population dynamics and adaptability to environmental constraints. The localities chosen differed with regard to the following characteristics: sheltered/exposed shorelines, tidal/non-tidal shores, presence/absence of detritus, Atlantic/Mediterranean climate, high/low human frequentation. Samples of each population were collected in a standardized way and fresh individuals were weighed, their body lengths and eye diameters were measured, and the number of eggs in the female brood-pouches and the articles of each antenna were counted. The results were as follows: (i) an unbalanced sex ratio in each population studied, females being more abundant than males; (ii) significant differences between Mediterranean and Atlantic population groups as to weight and body length distributions, the Atlantic talitrids being larger than the Mediterranean ones; (iii) differences in eye colour, normally black in this species, but one Mediterranean and two Atlantic populations presented a certain proportion of blue-eyed individuals; (iv) right-left asymmetry of eye surface areas (right eye bigger than left one) in all populations, with one exception. The differences found among populations do not seem to follow a geographic cline, but could depend on ecological features of the localities. L'amphipode talitride Talitrus saltator a une large distribution le long des cotes sableuses de l'Atlantique europeen et de la Mediterranee. Des recherches anterieures ont evalue les differences genetiques parmi les populations par electrophorese iso-enzymatique, ainsi que les differences de comportement adaptatif en relation avec les facteurs de l'environnement. Dans cette etude, les differences morphometriques parmi quatre populations mediterraneennes (cotes italiennes) et trois populations atlantiques (cotes portugaises et galoises) ont ete evaluees, ce qui peut donner des informations sur les dynamiques de population et sur l'adaptabilite aux contraintes de l'environnement. Les localites choisies different en ce qui concerne les caracteristiques suivantes: lignes cotieres abritees/exposees, cotes a maree ou non, presence/absence de detritus, climat atlantique/mediterraneen, haute/basse frequentation humaine. Les echantillons de chaque population ont ete preleves suivant un meme standard et les individus frais ont ete peses, la longueur du corps et le diametre de l'oeil mesures, le nombre d'oeufs dans la poche incubatrice et les articles de chaque antenne comptes. Les resultats ont ete les suivants: (i) une sex ratio non equilibree dans toutes les populations etudiees, les femelles etant plus nombreuses que les males; (ii) des differences significatives entre les groupes de populations atlantiques et mediterraneens, quant a la distribution des poids et des longueurs du corps, les individus atlantiques etant plus grands que les mediterraneens; (iii) des differences dans la couleur de l'oeil, normalement noir chez cette espece, mais une population de l'Atlantique et deux de Mediterranee presentaient une certaine proportion d'individus a yeux bleus; (iv) une asymetrie droite-gauche de la surface de l'oeil (oeil droit plus gros que le gauche) dans toutes les populations, avec une exception. Les differences observees entre les populations ne semblent pas suivre un gradient geographique, mais pourraient dependre des caracteristiques ecologiques des localites.
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Vostrikova, N. M. "The Model of Fundamental Chemical Training of Bachelors of Technical and Technological Directions in the Conditions of Blended Learning." Education and science journal 21, no. 6 (July 3, 2019): 72–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2019-6-72-92.
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Introduction. The core of technical knowledge is formed by the fundamental mathematical, physical and chemical knowledge, which is necessary for creation and improvement of devices, materials and technologies, competent implementation of production operations and use of various chemicals in the industrial sphere, taking into account their influence on the environment and the human body. Fundamental chemical training plays a significant role in the formation of chemical competency and development of the components of cross-cultural, general professional and professional competencies of future engineers. However, the analysis of educational practice demonstrates the discrepancy between the level of fundamental chemical training of graduates and the modern requirements to engineering education.Methodology and research methods. The research was carried out on the basis of multilevel methodology including dialectical principles, categories and regularities of the knowledge theory. The key ideas of the system-based, person-oriented, integrative, technological, competency-based, information-and-activity-ba- sed and environmental approaches were employed. The methods of comparative analysis and conceptual modelling were used. The assessment of the results of a pedagogical experiment was conducted by means of the method of diagnostics of reflexive abilities and the median method; the coefficient of system knowledge was calculated on the basis of the component analysis of the formed competencies.Results and scientific novelty. The concept and the structural-functional model of the fundamental chemical training of bachelors in the information-and-activity-based educational environment of blended learning have been proposed. This model provides a holistic framework for the interconnected target, content, organisational and administrative, procedural activity-based and productive evaluative blocks. Moreover, the model accumulates the achievements in the field of e-learning and involves the acquisition of the subject (chemical), methodological invariants and the variable component of the academic programme that together constitute the fundamental chemical training. An e-learning course based on videoconferencing and Web 2.0 technologies allows teachers to efficiently integrate classroom and independent work of students and to upgrade lectures and practicals. Modern pedagogical project-based technologies, gradual development of critical thinking, sustainable implementation of elements of research work into laboratory chemical practicum contribute to the positive dynamics of the quality of students’ acquired knowledge and skills. The approbation of the model, which was carried out inSiberianFederalUniversity from 2015 to 2018, has confirmed its efficiency. The results of the model adaptation are demonstrated in the present article.Practical significance. As presented by the author of publication, the theoretical-methodological bases of fundamental chemical training of the bachelors, enrolled in a wide range of programmes of technical and technological directions, can considerably improve the effectiveness of vocational education and increase the competitiveness of graduates in the labour market.
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Gabdrakhmanova, G. F. "The University and City Images for Migration of Nonresident Students: a Regional Case." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 32, no. 6 (July 4, 2023): 116–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2023-32-6-116-138.
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The global digital transformation of the economy requires a new look at the information basis for making managerial decisions on the problem of uneven distribution of universities across Russian regions. It involves the creation of a data bank on key issues of Russian higher education. One of these indicators may be the subjective reasons for the attractiveness of territories for applicants/students/graduates in terms of the significance of images of the university and city of study, as well as factors influencing educational migration. The goal is to show, using the example of a separate case, the role played by the images of the university and the city in the choice of a university, adaptation and postgraduate migration of students from other cities (coming from Russian cities and villages). The theoretical framework of the study is built by synthesizing the theories of “spirals” about the third function of higher education, and the theory of the image of the territory in relation to educational migration. The analysis involves statistical data on the socio-economic situation in Russian regions that attract educational migrants, and the results of a survey of out-of-town students of Kazan Federal University.The study found that both the university and the city are equally important bases for educational strategies for the majority of applicants. During their studies, they, like those who came to study only because of the university or just because of the city, consolidate the image of Kazan as a student territory with rich infrastructure and quality life, a sense of belonging to the capital of Tatarstan, positive assessments and a desire to recommend it to friends for moving. However, the reasons for educational migration and the perception of Kazan do not affect the postgraduate plans of students. Regions that are able to attract applicants and retain students after graduation – Moscow and the Moscow region, St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, Sverdlovsk and Novosibirsk regions – benefit from Tatarstan due to the fact that they offer more favorable living conditions and a larger range of offers on the market work for young professionals.The practical significance of the work lies in the position on the importance of combining the policies of shaping the images of the university and the city, not only to attract talented youth, but also to improve the third mission of Russian universities in terms of their inclusion in the development of urban activities among students, the use of the intellectual potential of higher education for socio-economic development of territories.