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1
Berntsdotter, Vallgren Diana. "I den virtuella verkligehtens rum för konst : En fenomenologisk undersökning av applikationen Acute Art X utifrån rum och plats." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446053.
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In this master thesis I examinate the experience of space, place and genius loci in the application Acute Art X and the virtual reality art works at the platform, using a phenomenological method. Six artworks were on display while the thesis was authored. All the displayed artworks were analysed because of their variation of theme, topic, and experience. The applied method uses the body and the perception as tools to reach the phenomenon of the space, place and genius loci in the virtual reality artworks presented in the application. The applied theories are theory of space, theory of place and genius loci – the spirit of place. Space being the surrounding area where life takes place, it is produces by man or by nature. Space is there for more of an architectural character, while place is defined by particularity of its inherent meaning. The production of space in the virtual reality art works be a representation of physical space, produced to mediate an artistic content. The virtual reality spaces of art are based on the model of all-encompassing frescoes dated 2000 years back, where entire spaces and rooms were covered by illusional art works. The immersive experience of being inside of the artwork has reached its next development with the technique of virtual reality. The enclosed experience of being inside of an artwork is examined in this thesis, along with the outcomes of the artworks forming of an artistic virtual reality world. Main questions: What is the experience of the application Acute Art X, as a space and place for art, as an exhibition space? What is the experience of space, place, and the function of the place in the virtual reality artworks displayed in the application? What is the experience of the physical body´s functions in the virtual reality worlds of the art works? How are the conditions between the intentions of the virtual reality artworks and the genius loci of the virtual place? The conclusions are made from the discussion about the phenomenology method, which puts the position of the physical body in a new experience based on the perception’s location inside the virtual reality artworks, and of the experience of space, place, and the spirit of the places – genius loci – in the virtual reality artworks. The artworks are the places, not made at an already existing place, and the artworks inherited meaning are the same as the genius loci of the virtual reality worlds of art.
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Ananthavarathan, Selvadurai. "Acute respiratory infections (ARI) control in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727139.
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Gani, Akif. "Are patients who are not admitted to hospital following acute stroke disadvantaged?" Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3388.
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Includes bibliographical references.The aims of the study were to compare the structure, process and outcomes of care of patients with acute stroke (first ever stroke) who were and who were not admitted to hospital; to compare the demographic and clinical features of patients who were and who were not admitted to hospital; to identify demographic and clinical features associated with hospital admission following acute stroke.
4
Sindhu, Fahera. "Are non-pharmacological nursing interventions for the management of pain effective? : a meta-analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240403.
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Lindley, Richard Iain. "Are very large trials of promising treatments for acute stroke feasible?" Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282953.
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Agid, Olivier. "Acte image, arts éthiques : une expérience artistique." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081416.
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"acte image, arts ethiques" traite du rapport entre la creation dans la societe et des conceptions transcrites en images. L'etude evoque une experience artistique entre 1979 et 1995. Le travail s'appuie sur une serie d'interventions qui se sont effectuees dans la cite : oiseau pylone - ville d'orly, oeil emergence - ville la ciotat, en fer ville de thiers, post light - vallee de la tarentaise, 1 - ville d'oeuilly, plateforme - ville de valence, co- - nouvelle caledonie. Les arts ethiques associent des points de vues issus du cadre des activites et des echanges. Ces creations, inscrites dans la societe active, font emerger des situations vivantes qui interrogent les formes ethiques au sein de perspectives dynamiques nouvelles. Pour cela, il est necessaire de differencier la notion de "vue", de celle de "concept" : la vue, qui combine plusieurs images simultanement, appartient au systeme des ecritures en images, alors que le concept appartient au systeme de l'ecriture des mots"image act, ethic arts" is about the relation between creations within society and their transcripted conceptions in images. The study refers to an artistic experience from 1979 to 1995. The work is based on a series of artistic interventions realised in the city (cite): oiseau pylone - ville d'orly, oeil emergence - ville la ciotat, en fer ville de thiers, post light - vallee de la tarentaise, i - ville d'oeuilly, plateforme - ville de valence, co- - nouvelle caledonie. Ethic arts associate different point of view from the world of activities and exchanges. These creations in the usages of society let emerge living situations which question ethics forms and developpe new dynamic perspectives. For that, it is necessary to make a difference between the notions of "view" ("vue") and "concept" : view, which combine simultaneously several images together, is structured in the "image writing system", the concept belongs to the "words writing system"
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Oda, Hiroki. "Plasma microRNAs Are Potential Biomarkers of Acute Rejection After Hindlimb Transplantation in Rats." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232087.
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Wilder, Jayme. "The Role of AKT Signaling in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Relapse." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17295893.
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Thousands of children and adults in the United States are diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) annually. Less than 30% of children and 8% of adults will survive relapsed T-ALL. While relapsed tumor is often more aggressive and treatment resistant than primary disease, the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying relapse are not well understood. In general, leukemias are composed of heterogeneous cells which evolve over time to drive cancer progression, therapy resistance, and ultimately relapse. To elucidate the mechanisms driving relapse in T-ALL, the phenotypic characteristics of individual T-ALL clones were observed over time in a zebrafish model. Several clones evolved increased leukemia propagating cell (LPC) frequency, leading to increased risk of relapse. This evolution was associated with overexpression of AKT in half of the evolved clones. The AKT pathway is likely activated through epigenetic modifications of upstream AKT modulators, and was found to act through mTOR to increase the LPC frequency in T-ALL. Finally, AKT overexpression leads to therapy resistance to dexamethasone, which can be reversed when treatment is combined with an AKT inhibitor.
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Villanueva, Zevallos Juan Elmer. "Semigrupos fracamente de Arf e pesos de semigrupos." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/307071.
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Orientador: Fernando Eduardo Torres OrihuelaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T08:34:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VillanuevaZevallos_JuanElmer_D.pdf: 1127069 bytes, checksum: 8ac303abd191b4c264038dcd1ce40be1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Os principais tópicos aqui considerados são do tipo aritmético. Introduzimos e estudamos semigrupos que generalizam os chamados semigrupos de Arf. Além de seu interesse particular, eles podem ser usados para esclarecer a estrutura de anéis de semigrupos no sentido de Lipman. Também calculamos os valores exatos dos pesos de semigrupos usando o número de lacunas pares. Isto está relacionado ao recobrimento duplo de curvas e tem interesse no estudo de moduli e constelação de curvas.
Abstract: The main topics considered here are of arithmetical type. We introduce and study semigroups that generalize the so-called Arf semigroups. Apart from being interesting by their own, they may be used to clarify the structure of semigroup rings in the sense of Lipman. We also compute the true value of the weights of semigroups by using the number of even gaps. This is related to double covering of curves and is useful to the study of moduli and constellation of curves.
Doutorado
Geometria Algebrica
Doutor em Matemática
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Galvão, Siha Fernandez Valente. "Insuficiência renal aguda no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP : descrição da população e análise dos fatores de risco associados a mortalidade /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95183.
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Orientador: André Luis BalbiBanca: Jacqueline Teixeira Caramori
Banca: Pedro Alejandro Gordan
Resumo: A Insuficiência Renal Aguda apresenta uma alta incidência em pacientes internados em hospitais terciários, principalmente em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, estando associada a elevada mortalidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivos descrever a população de pacientes internados no Hospital das Clínicas de Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP com diagnóstico de Insuficiência Renal Aguda atendidos pelo Grupo de Interconsultas do Serviço de Nefrologia e avaliar os fatores de risco associados ao óbito nestes pacientes. Foram acompanhados 946 pacientes no período de abril de 2002 a dezembro de 2006, todos maiores de 12 anos, com diagnóstico de Necrose Tubular Aguda e internados nas diferentes enfermarias e Unidades de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital das Clínicas, exceto na Pediatria e Nefrologia. Insuficiência Renal Aguda foi definida como um aumento de creatinina sérica de pelo menos 30% de seu valor basal em período mínimo de 48 horas. A média de idade foi de 61,8 ± 16,7 anos, com predomínio do sexo masculino (61,9%). Pacientes provenientes de enfermarias clínicas foram mais freqüentes (62,1%), sendo que 15,9% estavam internados na cardiologia e 15,2% na clínica médica geral, enquanto 13,3% estavam internados na enfermaria de gastroenterologia cirúrgica. 46,1% estavam internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva e a sepse esteve presente em 9,7% dos casos. Isquemia (51,2%) foi a etiologia mais freqüente e o tempo de acompanhamento nefrológico apresentou mediana de 7,5 dias, com intervalo interquartílico de 4 a 14 dias.
Abstract: Acute Renal Failure (ARF) present a high incidence in critically ill patients taken into tertiary care hospitais, mostly in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients, were also associate with great mortality rate. The objective of this work was to describe the population of patients hospitalized in the School Medicine, Botucatu- UNESP with diagnosis of ARF, attended by Group of - Interconsults of Service Nephrology and to evaluate the risk factors associate with death in this patients. This was a cohort study which evaluated 946 patients with ARF, from April 2002 to December 2006, was included patients older than 12 years, with diagnosis of ARF due to Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) and hospitalized in wards and ICU of HC- FMBUNESP (except in the Pediatrics and Nephroloy wards). ARF was defined as serum creatinine at least 30% above basal value from 48 hours at minimum. The average of age was 61,8 ± 16,7 years, with predominantly masculine gender (61,9%). 15,9% were hospitalized in the cardiology and 15,2% in the clinical medical, while 13,3% were hospitalized in the gastroenterology surgical ward. 46,1% of patients were hospitalized in ICU and the sepsis was present in 9,7% of the cases. Ischemia was the etiology more frequent (51,2%) and the time of accompaniment nephrologic presented an median of 7,5 days (4 - 14).
Mestre
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Williams, Jenny, and n/a. "Ethics in acute psychiatry : a case study." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061110.143655.
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This workplace study examined the every day ethical dilemmas of a multidisciplinary
team in one acute psychiatric setting and the social factors affecting their moral domain
of practice. The research design was a case study involving both qualitative and
quantitative data. The context that shaped the team's process of ethical dilemma
identification was conceptualised for the purpose of this research within a systems
theory framework of interrelated factors at a societal, organisational and clinical level
with ethics theory pervading the entire scene.
The findings indicated that dilemmas arose in situations concerning patient care, team
strain, and limited resources with the most common dilemma across disciplines arising
from lack of community resources. Further findings suggested that clinicians were
aware of various forces shaping practice but these ideas were not well connected
conceptually.
Staff felt wary of identifying ethical dilemmas because they were unsure of the process
and sensed a reticence in the unit's social processes around negotiation and problem
solving. Important social factors that were perceived to affect their abilities around
ethical dilemma identification included rational economics, professional socialisation,
medical-legal monopoly with a concomitant use of the ethic of justice, and managerial
strategies. The concept of transference and countertransference issues within the
staffing group was explored.
These results are useful for the team to understand the nature of their own particular
dilemmas and what factors constrain and enhance their abilities to identify dilemmas.
Other health care settings may find that replication of the research results in a similar
way may raise awareness of their moral situation. Generalisability at a theoretical level
contributes to the current research agenda in applied ethics about the effect of context in
the ethical domain of clinical practice.
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Ducombs, Anne-Sophie. "Acte de création et acte psychanalytique : traversée de l'oeuvre du compositeur Arnold Schoenberg." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20044/document.
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La passe est le dispositif inventé par Lacan pour tenter de saisir et d’éclairer l’émergence du désir de l’analyste. Ce moment électif, où le psychanalysant passe au psychanalyste, Lacan le nomme acte analytique. En 1971, Lacan nous fait une proposition pour le moins surprenante : grâce à son art, l’écrivain James Joyce en serait arrivé au même point que l’analysant en fin de cure. La passe déborde-t-elle la situation analytique et concerne-t-elle la création artistique ? Dès lors, peut-on penser qu’il existe un lien entre acte de création et acte analytique ?Afin de montrer en quoi l’acte de création du compositeur A. Schoenberg est concerné par les enjeux de la passe, nous avons choisi d’extraire trois points cruciaux : le rapport au savoir, la cause du désir et le symptôme. Les écrits d’A. Schoenberg nous permettent d’avancer que son acte de création présente des similitudes avec ce qu’on peut attendre d’un analysant ayant accompli la passe. Il témoigne d’une mutation dans son rapport au savoir nécessaire à l’invention d’un système compositionnel inédit. C’est en suivant une nécessité intérieure (cause du désir), qu’il parvient à révolutionner les lois de la composition. La musique d’A. Schoenberg se présente comme un savoir-y-faire avec le réel. Elle lui assure le fait qu’il ne peut être réduit au savoir ou à la jouissance de l’Autre (symptôme). A. Schoenberg n’est pas sans paradoxe. Il se construit une version mystique, messianique (métaphore délirante) de ce qui le pousse à la création. Sa musique lui permet de mettre à l’abri sa singularité, tout en ne faisant pas complètement voler en éclat le lien socialThe Pass is the procedure invented by Jacques Lacan in an attempt to seize and understand how emerges the desire of the analyst.Lacan named Analytic Act the point at which the subject passes from the position of the analysand to the position of the analyst. In 1971, Lacan suggested a surprising proposal: thanks to his art, the writer James Joyce would have attained the same point as the analysand reaching the end of his analytic cure. Does the Pass extend beyond the analytic situation and could it be related to the artistic creation? Consequently, does it exist a link between the act of creation and the analytic act?In order to show in what way the act of creation of the composer A. Schoenberg maintains connections with the issues of the Pass, we chose to extract three crucial points: the relation to knowledge, the cause of the desire and the symptom.A. Schoenberg’s writings allow us to assert that his act of creation shares some similarities with what is awaited from the analysand going through the Pass. He there attests a change in his relation to the knowledge required to create an original compositional system. He succeeds in subverting the composition laws guided by an inner necessity (cause of desire). A. Schoenberg’s music presents itself as a handling mode of the real. It is for him a safe means not to be reduced to the Other’s knowledge or jouissance (symptom). A. Schoenberg is not without paradox. He builds a mystical and messianic version of what drives him to create (delirious metaphor). His music enables him to protect his singularity, without destroying the social link
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Drake, Kylie Marie, and n/a. "Characterisation of the nature and timing of early events in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia." University of Otago. Department of Biochemistry, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070719.131918.
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Understanding the nature and timing of leukaemogenic events during the development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) will enable intervention that could prevent ALL in the future. We hypothesised that 9p21 deletion in childhood ALL may unmask predisposing genetic events that would allow us to determine the "nature" of initiating events in childhood ALL; whereas the inclusion, or exclusion, of random �N� nucleotides in normal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements from the developing fetus and the expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in fetal lymphocytes may allow us to unmask the developmental window during which the first transforming leukaemic event occurs in a pre-leukaemic B cell.
The most frequent genetic abnormality in childhood ALL is deletion of chromosome 9p21, with the minimal region of deletion including the CDKN2-locus, making genes at this locus candidates for a predisposing genetic event in ALL. To determine whether genomic imprinting might be involved in ALL at the 9p21 locus we investigated the imprinting status of the candidate genes CDKN2A, CDKN2B and ARF. No evidence for genomic imprinting of ARF was found in this study. Because no expressed polymorphisms could be identified for CDKN2B, and CDKN2A expression was too low in normal tissues, the imprinting status of these genes could not be evaluated. Furthermore investigations in our laboratory have been unable to find genomic imprinting at any of these genes in mice. However, we have shown variation in allelic expression of ARF, which suggests a role for ARF haploinsufficiency in the onset of childhood ALL.
A key feature of early human fetal lymphoid development is the absence of random �N� nucleotides between the rearranged V[H], D[H] and J[H] gene segments. The addition of �N� nucleotides at these junctions requires the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). TdT is reported to not be expressed during early fetal lymphopoiesis but has been observed by the end of the first trimester, but data are sparse.
The reported absence of N nucleotides in the majority of childhood ALLs suggests an early fetal origin. By defining the window-in-time during which TdT-negative B cell development occurs, we will be able to refine the timing of the origin of the B cells that give rise to ALL. Therefore we have sequenced and analysed the V[H]-DJ[H] and D[H]-J[H] junctions from immunoglobulin rearrangements in developing B cells in normal human fetuses aged from 5.1 to 11 weeks gestation.
In this study 73 fetal IgH gene rearrangements were amplified from 21 different fetal liver samples. Only eight of the seventy-three rearrangements (11%) analysed in this study had no �N� nucleotides at the N1 (D[H]-J[H]) junction. This finding contrasts with the 24-28% of fetal rearrangements with no �N� nucleotides that have been reported in the literature. Furthermore, �N� nucleotides were shown to be present in the earliest sample, 5.1 weeks gestation. TdT expression was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry at 7.3 weeks and by RT-PCR at 8.3 weeks. B cell development in the fetal liver was detected as early as 6.5 weeks using flow cytometric analysis.
Then, IgH gene rearrangements from 99 cases of childhood ALL were analysed. In total, 134 clone-specific IgH gene rearrangements were examined in this study. No association was found between the number of �N� nucleotides from complete and incomplete rearrangements at either the N1 (D[H]-J[H]) or N2 (V[H]-DJ[H]) junctions. Nor was any association observed between ALLs from children [less than or equal to] 3 years of age and those >3 years of age at diagnosis. These findings indicate that ALL IgH rearrangements do not have the paucity of �N� nucleotides that has been previously reported.
The findings in this thesis suggest that there is no TdT-negative timepoint during B cell development and that there is no paucity of �N� nucleotides at the N1 junction in either fetal or childhood ALL IgH gene rearrangements.
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Menon, Anita. "Assessment of unilateral spatial neglect post stroke in acute care hospitals : are we neglecting neglect?" Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80332.
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Timely and accurate assessment of unilateral spatial neglect (USN) post stroke is a critical component of best practice, given that a recent Clinical Practice Guidelines for stroke has recommended the standardized assessment of USN within 48 hours of regaining consciousness following a stroke. This multi-centered, retrospective study using data from medical charts of a representative sample of individuals admitted to 10 Ontario acute care hospitals from July 15th to December 15th 2002, examined the prevalence, timing and frequency of use of standardized assessments to evaluate USN post stroke. Out of the 248 subjects who should have received a USN assessment, 37.5% received an assessment; only 13.31% with a standardized visual perception tool and of these, only 0.81% (n = 2) with a standardized tool specific to USN assessment. All clients receiving a standardized assessment were evaluated for USN in the near extrapersonal space, the hemispace within reaching distance of the patient: no patient received a standardized assessment for USN in the personal space or far extrapersonal space. Three standardized visual perception tools that include a USN component were used: the Clock Drawing Test (n = 22), the Ontario Society of Occupational Therapists (OSOT) Perceptual Evaluation (n = 8) and the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test (n = 1). Only 8 (3.23%) of the 248 clients were screened with a standardized tool within the 2-day critical period as recommended by Stroke Guidelines. Reassessment was rare, even in those with detected USN, such that only 1 subject was ever reassessed with a standardized tool.
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McGivney, Eric. "Comparison of UV-C and Vacuum- UV induced AOT on the acute mortality of microalgae." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171839.
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Advanced oxidation technology (AOT) has been used to destroy microorganisms in ballast water by breaking down the cell membranes. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of a ballast water treatment system that uses a combination of UV-C (λ=254 nm), Vacuum-UV (VUV; λ=185 nm) and photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) on a freshwater algae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and a marine algae, Tetraselmis suecica. The coupling of a semiconductor, such as TiO2, with a UV source is known as an advanced oxidative technology (AOT). To test the effects of TiO2 and wave length on algae, dose-response experiments were conducted to determine the species median lethal dose (LC50) for each of the following treatments: UV-light emitted at 254 nm (UVλ=254 nm), UV-light emitted at 254 nm in the presence of TiO2 (AOTλ=254 nm), and UV-light emitted at λ=254 nm (90 %) and 185 nm (90 %) in the presence of TiO2 (AOTλ=185 + 254 nm). In both species, TiO2 significantly increased mortality, most likely due to the biologically harmful radicals generated at the TiO2 surface. The addition of the 185 nm wavelength significantly increased cell mortality in P. subcapitata, but not in T. suecica. Across all three treatments, P. subcapitata was more sensitive than T. suecica. The secondary purpose of this study was to assess the applicability of ImageJ, an image analysis software, for highthroughput data to analyze the effectiveness of ballast water treatment. ImageJ has been used to rapidly and accurately perform cell Live/Dead analysis; however, several hurdles were identified.
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Hindricks, Janka. "Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 are increased in chronic and acute renal dysfunction." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-182270.
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The progressively increasing prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has emerged as a major global health concern since the MetS is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Central obesity represents a key feature of the MetS and is strongly related to all MetS comorbidities. Dysregulation of adipose tissue-derived proteins, so called adipokines, has been implied to partially contribute to these effects. Recently, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) has been introduced as a novel insulin sensitizing and weight reducing adipokine with potential therapeutic properties.
However, data on FGF-21 elimination are rather limited. Therefore, FGF-21 regulation in relation to renal function has been investigated in a patient population with chronic kidney disease (CKD, study population 1), as well as one with acute kidney impairment (study population 2).
In study population 1 (n = 499), patients were distributed into five CKD subgroups according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Median FGF-21 serum concentrations progressively increased from CKD stage 1 to stage 5 and highest values of FGF-21 were detected in stage 5 (1: 86.4 ng/l; 2: 206.4 ng/l; 3: 289.8 ng/l; 4: 591.3 ng/l; 5: 1918.1 ng/l). Furthermore, eGFR remained the strongest predictor for FGF-21 levels in multivariate analysis. For study population 2 (n = 32), blood samples were obtained before elective unilateral partial or total nephrectomy, as well as within 30 hours after surgery. In this population FGF-21 levels significantly increased after surgery (325.0 ng/l) as compared to before surgery (255.5 ng/l). Furthermore, relative changes of FGF-21 were independently and positively predicted by relative changes of creatinine in this cohort.
These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that FGF-21 is eliminated by the kidneys and that the extent of kidney dysfunction substantially contributes to serum FGF-21 levels. However, additional animal experiments and prospective clinical studies are needed to further elucidate the role of the kidneys in FGF-21 physiology.
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Fairman, Ciaran C. "Acute Inflammatory and Affective Responses to Varying Resistance Training Loads in Women who are Postmenopausal." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu151360984968875.
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Karoui, Selima. "La vidéo performative, ou la performance comme oeuvre résonnante à travers son image filmique." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010502.
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Vouloir approcher la performance à travers un mode d'exécution où s'installe progressivement une identité spécifique et particulière pour celle-ci, individuelle et affranchie de ses modalités passées. Y trouver un langage pour l'objet, sujet et matériau de l'action : mon corps, son espace, son temps, et par prolongement le corps de l'autre. Percevoir comme principe de base le rôle décisif du « contexte» dans 1'élaboration même et la conception des performances. Pratique artistique qui puise d'abord et directement dans le processus signifiant, puis-je craindre (ou rechercher) son conditionnement par les codes et expressions présents dans son propre environnement culturel et transculturel ? Un « contexte» intérieur qui pourrait s'étendre à sa représentation extérieure, déplacement opéré d'une présence physique directe vers d'autres modalités publiques, permettant de reconsidérer un art action pour soulever un questionnement : puis- je m'interroger très précisément sur ma présence corporelle à l'intérieur de dispositifs visuels ?
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McCoy, Paula K. "Psychological Hardiness and Biochemical Markers of Acute Stress." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2884/.
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The establishment of physiological norms for psychologically hardy vs. non-hardy individuals was attempted by examination of levels of salivary cortisol and urinary norepinephrine before and after a mid-term examination stressor. Normative data was collected on the reported frequency of stressors and their severity one week prior to the examination, and self-reported ratings of stress immediately prior to the examination. Performance on the examination as a function of hardiness was explored. Associations between demographic variables and psychological hardiness were also studied. Results from this study were inconclusive in establishing physiological norms for psychologically hardy individuals. Associations were found between: 1) hardiness and frequency of stressors; 2) hardiness and age; and 3) self-reported ratings of stress and anxiety as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
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Bhandari, Mayank, and b_mayank@rediffmail com. "ROLE OF GALANIN AND ITS ANTAGONISTS IN EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE PANCREATITIS." Flinders University. Medicine, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20081016.143122.
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The broad aim of the studies described in this thesis was to evaluate the role of
neuropeptide galanin in acute pancreatitis (AP). Treatment of AP is mainly
symptomatic and supportive and no definitive pharmacological therapy for this
disease is currently available.
There are a number of studies in animal models of AP which demonstrate
beneficial effect of a pharmacological agent in the management of AP. But most
of these studies are limited to single species. The studies presented in the thesis
evaluate the role of galanin and several of its antagonists in experimental AP in
two different species. The initial part of the experimental work was performed in
the possums, using a well established model of AP in the laboratory. Later, the
experimental work has been carried out in the mouse.
The overall hypothesis was that galanin plays a major role in the onset and/or
progression of AP.
In Chapter 2, the effect galanin or galantide administration, before and after AP
induction on severity of AP in the possum model is described. The studies
demonstrated that galantide decreased various indices of AP when administered
prophylactically and therapeutically.
2
Chapter 3 outlines studies to determine if administration of galanin or galantide
alters pancreatic vascular perfusion (PVP) during AP in the possum model.
These studies suggested that in AP there is an initial fall in PVP, which is
exacerbated by administration of galanin prior to onset of AP. Conversely,
galantide administration prevented this decrease in PVP, and was associated
with a rise in PVP through out the duration of the experiment.
Chapter 4 describes preliminary studies on effect of galanin and galantide on
pancreatic exocrine secretion. These demonstrated that galantide decreased
hyperstimulated pancreatic exocrine secretion, but had no effect on the basal
secretion.
The subsequent studies are carried out using the caerulein mouse model of AP.
The hypothesis has been tested in three different strains of mice, including a
galanin gene knock-out (KO) strain.
Chapter 5 outlines the effect galanin or galantide administration, before and after
AP induction on the severity of AP in the caerulein mouse model. These studies
revealed that galantide administration both prophylactically and therapeutically
decreased the severity of AP in the mouse.
In Chapter 6, the galanin gene KO were used to further test the hypothesis.
These studies revealed that AP was less severe in the galanin KO mice, thereby
suggesting a role for endogenous galanin in the onset and/or progression of AP.
3
Chapter 7 describes the effects of various galanin antagonist on the severity of
AP in the caerulein mouse model. These studies revealed that galantide and
M35 have beneficial effects in AP, i.e. reduced the indices of AP, whereas C7
and M40 had complex effects.
Chapter 8 provides an overview of findings and discussion of their broader
ramifications with future recommendations.
Overall, the studies have demonstrated that galanin plays a major role in AP and
galanin antagonists may be of potential therapeutic value in the management of
AP.
21
Cruz, Frederic Anthony Silo. "Features or forensic pathology in sudden cardiac death: are there histologic indicators of acute myocardial ischemia?" Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12079.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Boston UniversityThe following thesis proposes the question if current scientific data supports the hypothesis that an acute myocardial infarction, not identified by gross symptoms, can be visualized by using apoptotic signaling biomarkers as a diagnostic tool to complement a post-mortem autopsy. The biochemistry and mechanisms of irreversible cellular death is presented and supported through published experimental, clinical and case studies. Furthermore, the aforesaid biomarkers have been observed in the cardiac myocyte in elevated levels associated with hypoxic ischemia. In addition, the physical characteristic of DNA fragmentation is addressed to visualize apoptotic injury due to hypoxic ischemic conditions. Although the quality of evidence lacked published data to suggest one immunochemical staining method positively identifies a myocardial infarction, there is adequate data to suggest that a combination of staining methods can be utilized as a tool to positively identify and diagnose an acute myocardial infarction.
22
Hariri, Essa H. "Are We Optimizing the Use of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Myocardial Infarction?" eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1010.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is a mainstay treatment for hospital survivors of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there are extremely limited data on the prescribing patterns of DAPT among patients hospitalized with AMI.
Objective: To examine decade-long trends (2001-2011) in the use of DAPT versus antiplatelet monotherapy and patient characteristics associated with DAPT use.
Methods: The study population consisted of 2,389 adults hospitalized with an initial AMI at all 11 central Massachusetts medical centers on a biennial basis between 2001 and 2011. DAPT was defined as the discharge use of aspirin plus either clopidogrel or prasugrel. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify patient characteristics associated with DAPT use.
Results: The average age of the study population was 65 years, and 69% of them were discharged on DAPT. The use of DAPT at the time of hospital discharge increased from 49% in 2001 to 74% in 2011; this increasing trend was seen across all age groups, both sexes, types of AMI, and in those who underwent a PCI. After multivariable adjustment, older age was the only factor associated with lower odds of receiving DAPT, while being male, receiving additional evidence-based cardioprotective therapy and undergoing cardiac stenting were associated with higher odds of receiving DAPT.
Conclusions: Between 2001 and 2011, the use of DAPT increased markedly among patients hospitalized with AMI. However, a significant proportion of patients were not discharged on this therapy. Greater awareness is needed to incorporate DAPT into the management of patients with AMI.
23
Steckler, Josephine. "Do elderly clients in an acute care hospital perceive they are treated with dignity and respect." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28799.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether elderly clients in an acute care setting perceived themselves as being treated with dignity and respect, and whether clients with a higher socioeconomic status are more likely than clients with a lower socioeconomic status to be treated with dignity and respect.
Sixty-two elderly clients who had been in hospital at least five days, were alert and oriented during their hospitalization, and could speak English were selected for the study. Using a convenience sampling technique, the clients were selected from medical and surgical units of two major teaching hospitals. They were interviewed within three days after discharge to respond to items on a questionnaire selected from the Medicus Quality Assurance Tool.
The results of the study show that elderly clients may not perceive that they are consistently treated with dignity and respect. Older clients (75+ years) are less likely than younger older clients (65-74) to be treated with dignity and respect, and elderly clients with a lower socioeconomic status and women, are less likely to be treated with dignity and respect.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
24
Terral, Alain. "Acte pharmaceutique galiénique et acte pharmaceutique économique dans le circuit du médicament." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10021.
Full textAbstract:
Exercer l'Art pharmaceutique tout en pratiquant le commerce : tel est le défi quotidien du pharmacien. Cette dualité pharmaceutique s'impose comme une problématique de fond dans l'ensemble du circuit du médicament dès qu'il s'agit de définir le rapport juridique du principal à l'accessoire entre les deux composantes fondamentales de l'activité du domaine. L'approche traditionnelle de la question va dans le sens d'une opposition de principe et conduit à opérer une distinction entre l'exercice d'un acte pharmaceutique galiénique primordial et la pratique d'un acte pharmaceutique économique secondaire qui n'en serait que le corollaire. L'accroissement du périmètre de commercialité laisse apparaître l'influence grandissante de l'économique sur le galiénique et remet en cause la doctrine traditionaliste principiste en déplaçant la question sur le terrain d'une ambivalence constructive. La primauté de l'intérêt supérieur de la Santé publique est le socle de l'activité pharmaceutique. Mais peut-elle s'affranchir de la pratique du commerce ? Le droit va-t-il dans le sens d'une opposition de principe ou dans celui d'une réciprocité de sujétion ? Quelle est la résonance des réponses apportées à ces interrogations sur l'évolution juridique de la profession de pharmacien ?Exercise the pharmaceutical Art while practising the business : this is the daily challenge of the pharmacist. This pharmaceutical duality stands out as a basic problem in the whole of the circuit of the medicine as soon as it is a question of defining the legal relationship of the main thing in the accessory between the two fundamental components of the activity area. The traditional approach of the question goes to the sense of an opposition of principle and led to a distinction between the exercise of the essential galenic pharmaceutical act and the practice of a secondary economic pharmaceutical act wich would be there only the corollary. The increase of the perimeter of merchantability lets appear the growing influence of the economic on the galenic and calls into question the traditionalist principist doctrine by moving the question on the ground of a constructive ambivalence. The primacy of the superior interest of the Public Health is the foundation of the pharmaceutical activity. But can it be freed from the practice of business? Does the law go to the sense of an opposition of principle or in that of reciprocity of subjection? What is the resonance of the answers to these interrogations on the legal evolution of the occupation of pharmacist?
25
Jing, Yu, and n/a. "The acute effects of lithium on the rat kidney." University of Otago. Department of Physiology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080930.145652.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the experiments reported in the present work was: first, to generate a rat model of lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), and, second, to use this to test the hypothesis that the effects of lithium were far more reaching than merely the inhibition of vasopressin induced translocation and synthesis of the water channel protein AQP2. Specifically, the effect of lithium on the abundance and distribution of the other water channel proteins, AQP1, AQP3 and AQP4 was investigated. It was found that AQP3 protein abundance was significantly reduced in the renal medulla while AQP4 was not affected. In addition, it was further hypothesized that, given the known effects of lithium on the urea transporter UT-A1 and on sodium channels and transporters, the renal medullary osmotic gradient would be dissipated by lithium. This was examined indirectly by determining the amounts of organic osmolytes in the renal medulla of rats with lithium-induced NDI. Myo-inositol was found to be 85 � 9 mmol kg⁻1 protein in the NDI rats, a reduction of 38% compared with control values, sotbitol fell from 35� 9 mmol kg⁻� in the control rats to 2.5 � 0.5 mmol kg⁻�, and glycerophosphorylcholine levels in the experimental animals were 91 � 18 mmol kg⁻� protein compared with 372 � 72 mmol kg⁻� in the controls. In addition, betaine decreased to 38 � 2 mmol kg⁻� protein from 69 � 10 mmol kg⁻� protein in the control. The urea content of the medulla was found to have fallen from 2868 � 558 mmol kg⁻� protein to 480 � 105 mmol kg⁻� protein. These data indicated that indeed the medullary osmotic gradient, the driving force for AVP-dependent fluid reabsorption in the kidney was greatly reduced during lithium-induced NDI.
Thirdly, it was proposed that the sodium-channel blocker, amiloride, by acting to prevent lithium entry into the cells of the collecting duct, should ameliorate or abolish the adverse effects of lithium on the kidney. Treatment of rats with established NDI, with amiloride, reversed to a large extent the reduction in aquaporin protein expression and re-established the medullary osmotic gradient, as assessed by the ability of treated rats to concentrate their urine, and by the rise in amounts of medullary osmolytes. Administration of 0.5 mmol l⁻� amiloride to lithium-treated rats led to medullary AQP2 and AQP3 protein abundance increasing by 82% � 16% and 110% � 4% of the control level respectively. The content of urea in the medulla also increased to 2474 � 557 mmol kg⁻� protein.
Finally, since in humans it is known that the chronic effect of lithium on the kidney is to cause cortical fibrosis and renal failure, microarray studies were commenced to look for evidence of early changes in gene activity in response to lithium-administration. The results showed that 77 genes were either up- or down-regulated, in particular, genes that are involved in the apoptosis pathway.
In the light of these results it is plausible to suggest that the acute renal effects of lithium to induce NDI can be effectively mitigated, and reversed, by administration of amiloride. Whether this can serve to offset the chronic effects of lithium on the kidney awaits further investigation.
26
Meintjes, André F. (André Francois). "Autonomic Reflexes of the Heart During Acute Myocardial Ischemia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279150/.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated whether acute myocardial ischemia of the anterior left ventricular wall induced an increase in cardiac sympathetic efferent nerve activity and thereby affected regional myocardial blood flow and contractile function.
27
Budnar, Jr Ronald Gene. "The Acute Hormonal Response to the Kettlebell Swing Exercise." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407736/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute hormonal response to a bout of kettlebell swing exercise. Ten healthy men (19-30 y, 23.6 ± 3.5 y, 174.6 ± 5.7 cm, 78.7 ± 9.9 kg) who were engaged in resistance training at least twice per week but were inexperienced with kettlebell swings participated in this study. Participants were familiarized with the kettlebell swing exercise during an initial visit. During the subsequent experimental protocol visit, participants performed 12 rounds of 30 seconds of 16-kg kettlebell swings alternated with 30 seconds of rest. Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at the end of every round of swings. Fasted blood samples were collected pre-exercise (PRE), immediately post (IP), 15 minutes post (P15), and 30 minutes post exercise (P30) and analyzed for total testosterone (T), growth hormone (GH), cortisol, and lactate concentrations. Participants completed a total of 227 ± 23 swings (average swings per round: 19 ± 2). HR and RPE increased significantly (P < 0.05) throughout the exercise protocol. Lactate concentrations were significantly increased at all post exercise time points compared to PRE. T was significantly increased at IP compared to PRE. GH was significantly increased at IP, P15, and P30 compared to PRE. Cortisol was significantly increased at IP and P15 compared to PRE. 12 rounds of 30 seconds of kettlebell swing exercise induced an acute increase in T, GH, and cortisol concentrations in resistance trained men. Additionally, this exercise protocol induced a large increase in HR and lactate concentration. Thus, the kettlebell swing exercise might provide an effective method for simultaneous endurance and resistance training.
28
Armfield, Jennifer, and Jennifer Armfield. "Project BOOST and Cardiovascular Disease Readmissions in a Rural Acute Care Facility." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622926.
Full textAbstract:
Hospital readmissions are a source of reduced payment as mandated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services as part of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The number of dollars used for hospital readmissions has sky rocketed above $17 million for heart failure alone. The changes in the ACA reimbursement guidelines has put stress on many hospitals as they are facing reduced income, increased use of resources, and increased length of stay. This project evaluated the implementation of Project BOOST, its components, and their predictability for hospital readmission. Sample groups were evaluated both pre- and post-implementation of Project BOOST, which included individuals aged 18 and older, who were of Anglo, Hispanic or Native American descent, and living in Northern Arizona. A retrospective chart review was performed and descriptive and predictive statistics were used to analyze obtained data. Patients with cardiovascular disease admitted to the study hospital have high risks for readmission, such as problem medications, polypharmacy, psychological Issues, and principal diagnoses. Integrating elements from Project BOOST significantly decreased 30-day hospital readmissions. Data from this study revealed a statistically significant reduction in 30-day hospital readmission rates from 22% in the pre-intervention period to just 4% in the post-intervention period. Patients who did not receive the risk assessment tool were 14 times more likely to be readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of the index hospitalization.
29
Gottardo, Nicholas G. "Oncogenes and prognosis in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia." University of Western Australia. School of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0039.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] The treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is one of the great success stories of paediatric oncology, transforming a universally fatal disease into one where 75 to 90% of children are now cured. Although in the past survival for children with T-cell ALL (T-ALL) lagged behind that of children with pre-B ALL, the use of contemporary intensified treatment strategies has significantly diminished this difference, with many investigators reporting similar cure rates for both groups of patients. Despite these marked improvements, numerous challenges still face physicians treating children with T-ALL. Firstly, there have been no additional major improvements in outcome over the last decade, despite additional treatment intensification. Secondly, effective regimens remain elusive for treating children with relapsed T-ALL or patients with resistant disease. Finally, there is a need to identify patients currently potentially overtreated and thus unnecessarily subjected to acute and long term toxicities without benefit. A major challenge therefore, is the identification of novel reliable prognostic markers, in order to identify patients at high risk of relapse and conversely those least likely to relapse, to guide therapy appropriately. Children predicted with a high risk of relapse would be candidates for intensification of therapy and/or novel experimental agents. Conversely, patients predicted to be at low risk of relapse could be offered clinical trials using reduced intensity therapy, thereby minimising toxicity. '...' Crucially, the 3-gene predictor was validated in a completely independent cohort of T-ALL patients, also treated on CCG style therapy. Our 3-gene predictor appears to identify a high risk group of patients which require alternative therapeutic strategies in order to attain a cure. This study has also identified a potential novel agent for the treatment of T-ALL, which may be used as an anthracycline potentiator or anthracycline-sparing agent. We hypothesised that genes associated with a relapse signature provide promising targets for novel therapies. We tested the hypothesis that CFLAR, an inhibitor of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and a member of the 3-gene predictor may be involved in the development of resistance to chemotherapy. To test our hypothesis we used a novel agent, 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1,9 (11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), previously shown to inhibit CFLAR protein, in two cell lines established in our laboratory from paediatric patients diagnosed with T-ALL. We found that CDDO displayed single agent activity at sub-micromolar concentrations in both cell lines tested. Importantly, minimally lethal doses of CDDO resulted in significant enhancement of doxorubicin mediated cytotoxicity in one of the cell lines assessed. The findings presented as part of this thesis have revealed the value of gene expression analysis of childhood T-ALL for identifying novel prognostic markers. This study has shown that expression profiles may provide better prognostic information than currently available clinical variables. Additionally, genes that constitute a relapse signature may provide rational targets for novel therapies, as demonstrated in this study, which assessed a potential novel agent for the treatment of T-ALL.
30
Galvão, Siha Fernandez Valente [UNESP]. "Insuficiência renal aguda no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP: descrição da população e análise dos fatores de risco associados a mortalidade." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95183.
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A Insuficiência Renal Aguda apresenta uma alta incidência em pacientes internados em hospitais terciários, principalmente em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, estando associada a elevada mortalidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivos descrever a população de pacientes internados no Hospital das Clínicas de Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP com diagnóstico de Insuficiência Renal Aguda atendidos pelo Grupo de Interconsultas do Serviço de Nefrologia e avaliar os fatores de risco associados ao óbito nestes pacientes. Foram acompanhados 946 pacientes no período de abril de 2002 a dezembro de 2006, todos maiores de 12 anos, com diagnóstico de Necrose Tubular Aguda e internados nas diferentes enfermarias e Unidades de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital das Clínicas, exceto na Pediatria e Nefrologia. Insuficiência Renal Aguda foi definida como um aumento de creatinina sérica de pelo menos 30% de seu valor basal em período mínimo de 48 horas. A média de idade foi de 61,8 ± 16,7 anos, com predomínio do sexo masculino (61,9%). Pacientes provenientes de enfermarias clínicas foram mais freqüentes (62,1%), sendo que 15,9% estavam internados na cardiologia e 15,2% na clínica médica geral, enquanto 13,3% estavam internados na enfermaria de gastroenterologia cirúrgica. 46,1% estavam internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva e a sepse esteve presente em 9,7% dos casos. Isquemia (51,2%) foi a etiologia mais freqüente e o tempo de acompanhamento nefrológico apresentou mediana de 7,5 dias, com intervalo interquartílico de 4 a 14 dias.
Acute Renal Failure (ARF) present a high incidence in critically ill patients taken into tertiary care hospitais, mostly in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients, were also associate with great mortality rate. The objective of this work was to describe the population of patients hospitalized in the School Medicine, Botucatu- UNESP with diagnosis of ARF, attended by Group of - Interconsults of Service Nephrology and to evaluate the risk factors associate with death in this patients. This was a cohort study which evaluated 946 patients with ARF, from April 2002 to December 2006, was included patients older than 12 years, with diagnosis of ARF due to Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) and hospitalized in wards and ICU of HC- FMBUNESP (except in the Pediatrics and Nephroloy wards). ARF was defined as serum creatinine at least 30% above basal value from 48 hours at minimum. The average of age was 61,8 ± 16,7 years, with predominantly masculine gender (61,9%). 15,9% were hospitalized in the cardiology and 15,2% in the clinical medical, while 13,3% were hospitalized in the gastroenterology surgical ward. 46,1% of patients were hospitalized in ICU and the sepsis was present in 9,7% of the cases. Ischemia was the etiology more frequent (51,2%) and the time of accompaniment nephrologic presented an median of 7,5 days (4 - 14).
31
Carter, Tina. "A study of the INK4A/ARF and INK4B loci in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction." University of Western Australia. School of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0077.
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[Truncated abstract] Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) accounts for the largest number of cases of childhood cancer (25-35%) and is the primary cause of cancer related morbidity. Today more than 76% of children with ALL are alive and disease free at 5 years. Approximately one in 900 individuals between the ages of 16 and 44 years is a survivor of childhood cancer. In contrast, those patients who relapse with childhood ALL currently have a 6-year event free survival of 20-30%. The short arm of chromosome 9p is mutated or deleted in many cancers including leukaemia. Aberrations of the INK4A/ARF and INK4B loci at the 9p21 band are linked to the development and progression of cancer. In murine cancer models there is evidence to suggest that mutations of Ink4a/Arf and p53 gene loci promote resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs known to trigger apoptosis. The initial aim of this project was to develop an accurate, reproducible method to detect deletions at the INK4A/ARF locus in patient bone marrow specimens. This technique was then applied to detect the incidence of deletions of this locus in childhood ALL specimens. The hypothesis developed was that deletion at the INK4A/ARF locus at diagnosis in childhood ALL is an independent prognostic marker and is involved in disease progression. A secondary aim of this study was to determine which deletions at the INK4A/ARF and INK4B loci are the most relevant in leukaemogenesis in childhood ALL. ... This study has shown that deletion of the INK4A/ARF locus is an independent prognostic indicator in childhood ALL. In addition, the frequency of deletion at the INK4A/ARF and INK4B loci is increased at relapse compared to diagnosis in childhood ALL. In the relapse study group, deletion of the p16INK4A gene at diagnosis was associated with a decreased median time to relapse compared to other genes analysed. Murine studies suggest that such deletions may result in an increased resistance to chemotherapy. If the findings from this study are confirmed in a larger cohort, it is expected that therapeutic interventions based on assessment of the p16INK4A gene in diagnostic childhood ALL specimens will be implemented to prevent relapse in standard risk patients and help to improve the outcome in high risk patients.
32
Allen, H. Joel. "A Behavioral Model for Detection of Acute Stress in Bivalves." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277998/.
Full textAbstract:
A behavioral model for acute responses in bivalves, was developed using time series analysis for use in a real-time biomonitoring unit. Stressed bivalves closed their shell and waited for the stressful conditions to pass. Baseline data showed that group behavior of fifteen bivalves was periodic, however, individuals behaved independently. Group behavior did not change over a period of 20 minutes more than 30 percent, however, following toxic exposures the group behavior changed by more than 30 percent within 20 minutes. Behavior was mathematically modeled using autoregression to compare current and past behavior. A logical alarm applied to the behavior model determined when organisms were stressed. The ability to disseminate data collected in real time via the Internet was demonstrated.
33
Larery, Angela R. D. "Hierarchical neuropsychological functioning in pediatric survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3949/.
Full textAbstract:
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common types of pediatric cancers. Improvements in treatment within the last 20 years have resulted in reduced mortality and a greater focus upon quality of life. Several researchers have documented neuropsychological impairments in children following treatment for ALL; however, there have not been any comparative studies documenting differences in neuropsychological functioning based upon treatment modality despite the documented effects of radiation therapy and combined radiation/chemotherapy upon the developing brain. In addition, past studies have focused on unitary measures, ignoring the hierarchical relationship between basic cognitive functions and more abstract skills. This study examined the neuropsychological functioning of 81 children who were treated for ALL at a metropolitan children's hospital. All children were tested a minimum of two years after the final treatment session and were administered the NEPSY. Results do not support any interactions or main effects with the exception of the age of the child at diagnosis. Children diagnosed prior to the age of 5 showed greater impairments on tasks measuring attention, memory, and visuospatial reasoning in comparison to peers diagnosed after age 6.
34
Forté, Beverly K. "Coping with Severe, Acute Psychological Trauma: the Killeen Shooting Incident." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278407/.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examined the relationship between coping and psychological and psychosomatic distress of 25 individuals who experienced the same severe, acute traumatic event: the violent shooting that killed 23 people and severely injured 20 more in Luby's Cafeteria in Killeen, Texas, on October 16, 1991. Distress was assessed by one-month pre-event and post-event scores on the SCL-90R, Psychosomatic Questionnaire, and by a Life Event Questionnaire score for the year before the incident. Coping was measured by a modified version of the Ways of Coping Scale (Folkman et al., 1986) and Response Style Questionnaire (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991). All post-event distress scores, except the Psychosomatic score, significantly increased over their corresponding pre-event scores regardless of gender. Although female distress scores were consistently higher than male scores, gender was predictive of post-event distress only for the SCL-90R Anxiety, Somatization, and Global Severity Index scales. The only pre-event score found to be predictive of post-event distress was the Psychosomatic scale. Regression analysis, with demographic and pre-event variables controlled, found a significant positive relationship between Escape/Avoidance coping and one-month post-event levels of Anxiety and Psychosomatic distress. Findings were discussed in the context of the process-oriented stress-illness model and were compared to current disaster and crime victimization literature. Implications for helping professionals, methodological issues, and implications for future research were explored.
35
Gong, Zhiping, and gongzhiping@gmail com. "Developing Casemix classification for acute hospital inpatients in Chengdu, China." La Trobe University. School of Public Health, 2004. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20050314.195349.
Full textAbstract:
Hospital information systems in China are improving and a casemix system for describing inpatient care is looking more feasible than previously. Implementing a casemix classification system for acute inpatient care in China could help to improve regional planning and hospital quality and efficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Australian DRG system as the basis for developing an acute inpatient casemix system appropriate for China. The applicability of the Australian AR-DRG system has been evaluated (in terms of homogeneity achieved and comparability of rank order) using inpatient data from Chengdu in Sichuan.
Homogeneity achieved was good. The R2 value (the coefficient of multiple determination) was 0.12 for LOS and 0.17 for cost using untrimmed data and using (L3H3) trimmed data, R2 was 0.45 for LOS and 0.59 for cost. This explanatory power is comparable to other DRG classification systems although there are a few MDCs in which AR-DRGs exhibit poorer explanatory power.
Rank order of groups was generally comparable. The AR-DRG system incorporates hierarchies of DRGs within groups of adjacent DRGs, within medical and surgical partitions and across all DRGs within each MDC. I have compared the ranking of DRGs based on average cost with the ranking assumed by the AR-DRG system, at the adjacent group level, within partitions and at the level of the MDC. I used the Spearman Rank Correlation coefficient to compare DRG order across partitions and whole MDCs. In general the cost relativities of the Chinese inpatient episodes grouped by the AR-DRG system correspond to the logical hierarchies assumed by the system. On this basis Chinese and Australian episodes of care within most of the MDCs appear to reflect the same broad pattern of resource consumption.
Further research will be needed to determine where and how the grouping rules used in the AR-DRG system might need to be changed to more accurately reflect Chinese circumstances. For example the cost structures of Chinese health services are different from those in Australia. The Australian Refined DRGs (AR-DRGs) would provide a sound basis from which to develop a Chinese version of DRGs.
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Ignatz-Hoover, James J. "TLR8 and Nuclear GSK3ß are Novel Therapeutic Targets in AML." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1480509044211523.
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Gong, Zhiping. "Developing casemix classification for acute hospital inpatients in Chengdu, China /." Access full text, 2004. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/thesis/public/adt-LTU20050314.195349/index.html.
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Submitted to the School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences. Thesis (Ph.D.) -- La Trobe University, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 320-329). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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au, johnbott@westnet com, and John Arthur Bottomley. "A mediated crisis : news and the national mind." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081113.143044.
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The thesis examines a mediated crisis and how The Straits Times and The Australian
approach the reporting of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). It looks at how
this mediated crisis exemplifies the culture of the national newspaper and in turn how the
national newspaper has an historical influence on the national psyche. A total of 649
reports and headlines and 141 letters about SARS in The Straits Times (including The
Straits Time Interactive) were examined from April 2003 to November 2003 as were 125
headlines from The Australian.
The early sections of the thesis discuss how a crisis makes news; examine how the media
report a crisis and what emphasis is given to aspects such as: actors, primary definers,
vocabulary, lexical choices, subjects, themes, issues and value dimension or stance. The
first chapter defines crisis, journalism and crisis journalism and discusses where the latter
sits within the continuing expansion and development of major theoretical frameworks,
including living in a risk society. The implication here is that crisis and risk have a
symbiotic relationship.
Historical perspectives of news are discussed in Chapter 2, and the newspaper is placed
within the context of contemporary media. The chapter discusses how newspapers are
aligned with the concept of the national mind and demonstrates the roles and formations
of the two newspapers in relation to the SARS crisis.
Chapter 3 codes the headlines, article titles and subtitles of The Straits Times and The
Australian and using content analysis of the headlines, analyses the reporting of a serious
health crisis SARS that lasted from March to November, 2003. The quantification within
content analysis enables a researcher to read and interpret questions that relate to the
intensity of meaning in texts, their social impact, the relationships between media texts
and the realities and representations they reflect (Hansen et al, 1998). The theory and
method of content analysis is used in this chapter to consider differences between The
Straits Times and The Australian and to exemplify the medias representation of the
narratives of SARS as it happened in the countries of Singapore and Australia.
Aspects of crisis and risk, the newspaper and the national mind, narratives, presentations,
and post SARS events are discussed in the last chapter. It is concluded from these
discussions there is a world narrative that tells the story of how the human condition likes
to live and rely on a safe social environment always being available. The relationship
between a mediated crisis and risk are also discussed. In addition, it is maintained that
reporting in 2003 was not just about SARS but a way of reporting that allowed one to
view journalism as an aid to good governance, particularly with regard to living in a risk
and crisis-ridden society.
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Maillol, Alain. "Discours philosophique acte analytique." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375993618.
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Mexas, Angela Marie. "CD4+CD25+ REGULATORY T CELLS ARE INFECTED AND ACTIVATED PHENOTYPICALLY AND FUNCTIONALLY DURING ACUTE INFECTION WITH FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11022007-103144/.
Full textAbstract:
HIV-induced AIDS may be mediated by the activation of immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs). Tregs have been shown to regulate CD4+ and CD8+ immune responses to HIV and FIV antigens in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that Tregs become infected and activated during the acute stage of FIV infection leading to the suppression of CD4+ T helper cell responses. Cats were experimentally infected with FIV-NCSU-1 and blood and lymph node biopsies were collected at 1 week intervals following inoculation. Real-Time PCR was used to determine plasma viremia and relative number of FIV copies in CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25- T cell subsets. Flow cytometry was used to assess the absolute numbers of each cell type and the expression of activation markers. Real-time RT-PCR was also used to assess relative increases in FoxP3 and TGF- mRNA levels over time. Treg suppression of IL-2 production in CD4+ T helper cells was assessed by ELISPOT assays and inhibition of cellular proliferation was assessed by incorporation of tritiated thymidine and CFSE. Our results show that peak viremia levels correlate with maximal infectivity in lymph node CD4+CD25+ populations. FIV-gag-mRNA levels are higher in CD4+CD25+ T cells than CD4+CD25- lymph node T cells. Activation of FoxP3 and increased expression of TGF1 in CD4+CD25+ cells correlates with peak plasma viremia and FIV-gag-mRNA levels in CD4+CD25+ T cells. Regulatory function can be detected in CD4+CD25+ T cells during the acute phase of FIV infection. Our findings support the hypothesis that early activation of immunosuppressor function in Treg cells may limit an effective anti-FIV response contributing to the establishment of the chronic infection and the immunodeficiency caused by this virus.
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Erichsen, Svenja [Verfasser], and Utz [Akademischer Betreuer] Krug. "Id1 and Id2 are relevant target genes of C/EBPα in acute myeloid leukemia / Svenja Erichsen. Betreuer: Utz Krug." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027021840/34.
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Hörl, Rebecca Louise [Verfasser]. "Efficacy and molecular mechanisms of the BH3-mimetic venetoclax (ABT-199) in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia / Rebecca Louise Hörl." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1208767089/34.
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Chiarini, Francesca <1978>. "Terapia mirata dell'asse di pi3k/akt/mtor come possibile nuova strategia terapeutica nel trattamento delle leucemie linfoblastiche acute T." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2273/.
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Bertacchini, Jessika <1980>. "adaptive capabilities of the pi3k/akt/mtor pathway in acute myeloid leukemia revealed by the use of selective inhibitors." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5155/.
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Because of its aberrant activation, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway represents a pharmacological target in blast cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Using Reverse Phase Protein Microarrays (RPMA), we have analyzed 20 phosphorylated epitopes of the PI3K/Akt/mTor signal pathway of peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens of 84 patients with newly diagnosed AML. Fresh blast cells were grown for 2 h, 4 h or 20 h untreated or treated with a panel of phase I or phase II Akt allosteric inhibitors, either alone or in combination with the mTOR kinase inhibitor Torin1 or the broad RTK inhibitor Sunitinib. By unsupervised hierarchical clustering a strong phosphorylation/activity of most of the sampled members of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was observed in 70% of samples from AML patients. Remarkably, however, we observed that inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, as well as of its substrates, was transient, and recovered or even increased far above basal level after 20 h in 60% samples. We demonstrated that inhibition of Akt induces FOXO-dependent insulin receptor expression and IRS-1 activation, attenuating the effect of drug treatment by reactivation of PI3K/Akt. Consistent with this model we found that combined inhibition of Akt and RTKs is much more effective than either alone, revealing the adaptive capabilities of signaling networks in blast cells and highliting the limations of these drugs if used as monotherapy.
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Williams, Teresa Lynn. "The Relationship of Dose to Plasma Concentration with Acute Ingestion of Amitriptyline." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501113/.
Full textAbstract:
The high concentrations of amitriptyline found in blood at autopsy, indicating a large amount of ingested drug, is often contradictory to the prescription available. Using dogs as the animal model it was found that there was a large variance between the dose given and its plasma amitriptyline concentration during the acute phase of absorption. Factors that were found to be important were the amitriptyline to nortriptyline (as metabolite) ratio, the nature of the specimen, and the collection site. The calculation of the dose from an acute ingestion of amitriptyline resulting in death cannot be accurately determined from a single specimen collected at autopsy.
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Shoemaker, Danton L. "Examination of Sexual Differences in the Acute Effects of Haloperidol on Licking." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822780/.
Full textAbstract:
Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric condition affecting almost one percent of the US population. Typical antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol) have been in use for several decades and are generally very effective in treating the emotional and cognitive effects of schizophrenia, but are used as the last line of treatment due to their severe extrapyramidal motor side effects under chronic exposure. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of sex in determining the oromotor side effects of typical antipsychotics via measuring different behavioral dimensions of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats licking sucrose after haloperidol treatment. The results showed a stronger sensitivity in female rats than male rats within total licking responses and inter-lick intervals. The present results suggest closer attention needs to be paid to the role that sexual hormones play in the motor slowing and behavior-reducing effects of antipsychotics.
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Grellety, Bosviel Emmanuel. "Analysis of variation of mid-upper arm circumference and weight-for-height in children for the assessment of malnutrition in populations and individuals." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/283364.
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Death from hunger and starvation can be avoided with appropriate diagnosis and treatment if the necessary knowledge and resources are available. The current definitions of acute malnutrition are based either upon a weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) below -2 standard deviations of the international reference population (World Health Organization 2006 Growth Standards) or a mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) lower than 125 mm. These indicators are used independently to define the sum of moderate and severe acute malnutrition, commonly referred to as global acute malnutrition (GAM). Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is defined as the children with WHZ < -3 SD or MUAC <115 mm. These cut-off points are used both to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition and also to identify those children who should be admitted for individual treatment of their acute malnutrition.However, the ramifications of the new WHO standards and the introduction of the absolute MUAC as an additional criterion have not been sufficiently explored. There appears to have been little detailed analysis of the variation of MUAC in children using these new standards. Thus, there is insufficient information available for predicting changes in patient load due to the addition of an absolute MUAC cut-off, the degree of overlap between the criteria and the factors that affect the selection of malnourished children using the two criteria, WHZ and MUACNevertheless, because of the ease of use of MUAC and strong advocacy based mainly the relative sensitivity and specificity of WHZ and MUAC in predicting long-term all-cause mortality in the community, many organizations and some governments are now moving from using MUAC to screen children in the community and elsewhere to MUAC-only programs with abandonment of using WHZ altogether.A better understanding of the relationship between these measures is important as differences can have significant implications on the decision to intervene in a nutritional crises, assessment of potential program size, resource requirements and outcome, selection of children admitted for treatment and the strategy which will have the greatest influence upon mortality and the other poor outcomes of being malnourished. To this end my thesis included the following studies which explored the variation of MUAC and WHZ in children for the assessment of malnutrition.In my first study, I examined the direction and degree of discrepancy between MUAC and WHZ of children aged 6-59 months in 1,832 anthropometric surveys from 47 countries, mainly in Africa. The results show that using MUAC or WHZ, 16.3% of children were identified with GAM and 3.5% with SAM. The proportion of overlap between the two indicators was 28.2% for GAM (15-38.5%) and 16.5 % for SAM (6.1-29.8%). Overlap for individual countries was especially low for SAM. The numbers of children diagnosed by either criterion varied dramatically by country: the difference between the relative case-load using WHZ and MUAC for GAM varied from minus 57% to plus 72%. For SAM, in four of the 38 countries, less than 25% of severely malnourished children would be identified and admitted for treatment if a MUAC-only admission policy were being used. For all countries examined, the discrepancies were not adequately explained by any single hypothesis. My second study was in three parts. Each part examined the veracity of the assertion that MUAC is a better indicator of mortality than WHZ. 1) I analysed individual data from 76,887 children admitted to a range of treatment programmes to determine the mortality rates associated with SAM. 2) I conducted an exhaustive search of the literature to identify reports of children diagnosed by WHZ or MUAC with their respective mortality rates.3) I analysed the effect of case load using the prevalence data published in the first study with Case Fatality Rates (CFRs) derived from the empirical data, the literature data and theoretical simulations. We found that mathematical coupling caused a reversal of significance generating Simpson’s paradox so that the interpretation of the relative mortality rates of WHZ and MUAC is unsafe when children with both criteria are included in each group being compared. The analysis suggests that children with SAM identified by WHZ <-3 and admitted for treatment are at as least as high a risk of death as children in treatment with MUAC<115cm and probably at higher risk. Review of 21 datasets that compared WHZ and MUAC mortality rates show problems with interpretation of the reported CFRs in each of the studies; inconsistencies greatly limit analysis, comparability and interpretation. Caseload is a more important determinant of the number of SAM related child deaths than the relative CFR to give the number of SAM attributable deaths. Where most of the children are identified as SAM using WHZ, rather than MUAC, it is estimated that fewer than half of all SAM related deaths will be identified using a MUAC-only programme.In my third study, I have conducted a Monte Carlo simulation of anthropometric surveys and imposed random errors of measurement on the data in order to examine the effect of measurement error. The results show that there is an increase in the standard deviation with each of the errors, that the spread becomes exponentially greater with the magnitude of the sort of error that occur in real life situations and that the effect of an increase in standard deviation (SD) that appears to be fairly trivial has a major effect upon the reported prevalence of the condition. I show that even within quite a narrow range of SDs (from 0.8 to 1.2) the proportion of children <-2 WHZ can increase from 6% to 15% - which would move the population from one of “acceptable” prevalence to an acute emergency situation. The corresponding SAM would increase from about 1% to nearly 5%. If one was to use such a survey to estimate the current case-load of SAM children the difference would be five-fold. However, this range of SDs is generally thought to represent a “good survey”. When larger and more complex surveys are considered, for example those included in the WHO database or the DHS surveys, the SD is frequently greater than 1.2 leading to give a higher reported prevalence of malnutrition than may be the actual prevalence. In my fourth study, I performed a secondary analysis of the surveys collected in my first study in order to examine the change in reliability of such surveys over time. I analysed the statistical distributions of the derived anthropometric parameters from 1,843 surveys conducted by 19 agencies between 1986 and 2015. The results show that with the introduction of standardised guidelines and software by 2003 and their more general application from 2007 the mean standard deviation, kurtosis and skewness of the parameters used to assess nutritional status have each moved to now approximate the distribution of the WHO standards when the exclusion of outliers from analysis is based upon the SMART flagging procedure. Where WHO flags, that only exclude data incompatible with life, are used the quality of anthropometric surveys has improved and the results now approach those seen with SMART flags and the WHO standards distribution. Agencies vary in their uptake and adherence to standard guidelines. Those agencies that fully implement the guidelines achieve the most consistently reliable results.In conclusion, well-defined and internationally accepted criteria to assess anthropometric survey quality should be universally applied and reported if the surveys are to be reliable, credible and form the basis for appropriate intervention. Using WHZ-only or MUAC-only estimates of prevalence will underestimate the burden of acute malnutrition. Such a program policy would result in between 300,000 and 600,000 SAM deaths occurring in children each year who have no possibility of being treated. WHZ and MUAC are complementary indicators, it is only by using both criteria to identify SAM and admit children for treatment that we will move towards reducing avoidable SAM- related mortality in most countries. This will only be realised when we can conveniently identify children with a low WHZ in community screening programs.Doctorat en Sciences de la santé Publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Bouzidi, Carole. "Créations, performances artistiques et sportives : du fantasme à l'oeuvre." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20036/document.
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Le concept de fantasme, dans le champ psychanalytique, permet de rendre compte à la fois de l'identité construite et des investissements du sujet. Dans notre revue de littérature nous en présentons les divers aspects. Nous proposons d'en cerner les incidences cliniques, au travers de publications et de rencontres d'acteurs artistiques et sportifs. Notre thèse est que le fantasme est sous-jacent à la passion liée à une activité, bien que celle-ci prenne source en un point qui reste obscur. Nous avançons de plus qu'une part du fantasme est dépassée, pour pouvoir atteindre une performance reconnue comme telle. Ce double mouvement qui se joue dans toute performance, explique les engouements qui y sont inhérentsThe concept of fantasy, in the psychoanalytic field, allows us to explain both the built identity and the investments of the subject. In our litterature revue we show its various aspects. We propose its clinical implications, through publications and interviews from artists and sport players. Our thesis is that fantasy is required to explain the passion linked to an activity (sport or art), but the origin of the passion is still unknown. We promote that it is necessary to subvert a part of fantasy, to be able to achieve an artistic or a sport performance. This double mouvement can explain the enthusiasms that grow around performances
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Berry, Narelle Margaret, and narelle berry@unisa edu au. "Acute and long term interventions to assess the adaptability of the cardiovascular responses to orthostatic stress." RMIT University. Medical Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070228.123618.
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This thesis comprises of four experiments from which related but independent analyses were undertaken. The interventions employed were designed to investigate the effect of cardiovascular adaptation, both in the short and long term on the cardiovascular responses to orthostatic stress. The first study, described in Chapter 3, tested the hypothesis that the cardiovascular system (CVS) could adapt to repeated orthostatic challenges in a single session. 14 subjects were exposed to ten +75° head-up tilts (HUT) over 70 mins. Each tilt involved a 5 min supine period (SUPINE) followed by 2 min HUT (TILT). Various indices of cardiovascular function were determined non-invasively. Cardiovascular responses to HUT10 for the final 30s of SUPINE and the first 30s of TILT were compared with those of HUT1. Integrated cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was assessed using the Valsalva Manoeuvre (VM). Results showed MAP and DBP increased in both SUPINE (MAP p=0.009, DBP p=0.002) and TILT (MAP p=0.003, DBP p=0.009) for HUT10 compared with HUT1. TPR increased during TILT only (p=0.001) during HUT10 compared with HUT1. CO and SV were decreased during SUPINE at HUT10 relative to HUT1, however, there were no differences in TILT at HUT10 for either CO or SV. There was no change in the response of BRS, HR or SBP from HUT1 to HUT10. This study indicated that 10 repetitive HUTs can elicit changes in the cardiovascular responses to orthostasis, reflected by an increased TPR. The second study, described in Chapter 4, investigated the effect of the repeated HUT protocol outlined above on the cardiovascular responses to the squat-stand test (SST). 16 subjects were randomly allocated into either a tilting group that underwent ten +75° HUTs in 70 min (TILTING) or a control group that underwent 70 min of rest (CONTROL). Before and after the 70 min of either HUT or rest, subjects performed a SST (SST1 and SST2 respectively). The same cardiovascular parameters as those used in Chapter 3 were determined during both SSTs. The final 30s of SQUAT and the first 30s of STAND (divided into three 10-sec blocks termed STAND10, STAND20 and STAND30) were compared between SST1 and SST2, results were as follows. TILTING: during the SQUAT phase of SST2, SBP, MAP, DBP and TPR were significantly elevated (p less than 0.05) and HR was significantly decreased (p=0.032) compared with SST1; at STAND10, DBP and MAP were significantly increased (p less than 0.05); at STAND20, SBP was increased (p=0.03); and, at STAND30, DBP, SBP and MAP (p less than 0.05) were increased. There were no differences observed between SST1 and SST2 in the CONTROL group. Results indicated that ten consecutive +75° HUTs can improve the CVS responses to the SST. This is predominantly due to an increase in DBP, indicative of a change in vascular resistance. The third study, outlined in Chapter 5, investigated the effect of lower limb unilateral and bilateral resistance exercise on the blood pressure (BP) and HR responses in young males. 12 normotensive, sedentary young males were divided into 2 groups; one group exercised unilaterally and the other bilaterally. Thirty seconds of resting data were collected before subjects performed 4 SETs of 10-12 reps on a seated leg press. SET 1 was performed at 50% of 10-12RM, SET 2 was performed at 75% and SET 3 and SET 4 were performed at 10- 12RM. Bilateral resistance exercise elicited greater increases in SBP than unilateral exercise at SETs 2, 3 and 4 (p less than 0.05). DBP was only greater with bilateral exercise relative to unilateral exercise at SET 2 (p=0.036). There were no differences between the groups for the HR response. This study demonstrated that the BP response to bilateral lower limb resistance exercise was significantly greater than that of unilateral exercise in young sedentary males. This information could be beneficial to many populations for whom lower BP responses to exercise would be an advantage. Following on from this, to investigate long term improvements in cardiovascular responses to orthostasis the study outlined in Chapter 6, investigated the effect of acute (10 weeks) and chronic (more than 4 years) resistance training (RT) on the cardiovascular responses to both HUT and SST. 22 young males were allocated into three groups. The UNILATERAL (N=7) and the BILATERAL (N=7) groups performed baseline testing followed by 10 weeks of lower limb RT (performed unilaterally or bilaterally), followed by repeats of the tests performed at baseline. The CONTROL group (N=8) followed the same protocol except they were asked to perform no resistance training during the 10 weeks between testing sessions. An additional 7 subjects were allocated to a CHRONIC group consisting of individuals who had been training for more than 4 years. These subjects only performed the baseline testing. Baseline testing consisted of a number of cardiovascular tests, ultrasound for vein diameter, BRS via VM, and tests for calf ejection fraction and venous elasticity. Results demonstrated that neither unilateral nor bilateral RT caused an alteration in the cardiovascular response to the HUT or SST. There were no changes in any cardiovascular variable in response to acute RT relative to the control group. The CHRONIC group had a decreased cardiovascular response to both orthostatic challenges, with a decrease in SV in response to HUT being greater in the chronic group relative to the other groups (p less than 0.05) and the TPR response to SST being significantly less than the control group (p less than 0.05). The CHRONIC group also had a smaller elastic modulus for the right leg in comparison to the other groups (p less than 0.05). Results indicate that heavy resistance exercise may cause a decreased cardiovascular response to orthostatic stress and that these decreases may be controlled by a decreased venous elasticity. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the CVS is highly adaptable to repeated orthostatic stress and the dominant underlying feature of this protective adaptation is increased vascular resistance. Following the repeated HUT the CVS is in a more protected state and has become better able to defend itself against the adverse consequences of rapidly applied hydrostatic force. However lower limb RT performed bilaterally (with large increases in BP) or unilaterally (with lower increases in BP) does not improve CVS response to orthostatic stress, in fact chronic RT (more than 4 yrs) appears to impair the CVS response to orthostasis, potentially due to decreased venous elasticity.
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Zeng, Wei Rong. "Acute Effects of the Antibiotic Streptomycin on Neural Network Activity and Pharmacological Responses." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700026/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to find out that if antibiotic streptomycin decreases neuronal network activity or affects the pharmacological responses. The experiments in this study were conducted via MEA (multi-electrode array) technology which records neuronal activity from devices that have multiple small electrodes, serve as neural interfaces connecting neurons to electronic circuitry. The result of this study shows that streptomycin lowered the spike production of neuronal network, and also, sensitization was seen when neuronal network pre-exposed to streptomycin.