Journal articles: 'Acupuncture points'

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Schnorrenberger, Claus C. "Acupuncture “Points”." Acupuncture in Medicine 15, no. 2 (November 1997): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.15.2.114.

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Langevin, Helene M., David L. Churchill, James R. Fox, Gary J. Badger, Brian S. Garra, and Martin H. Krag. "Biomechanical response to acupuncture needling in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 91, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 2471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.6.2471.

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During acupuncture treatments, acupuncture needles are manipulated to elicit the characteristic “de qi” reaction widely viewed as essential to acupuncture's therapeutic effect. De qi has a biomechanical component, “needle grasp,” which we have quantified by measuring the force necessary to pull an acupuncture needle out of the skin (pullout force) in 60 human subjects. We hypothesized that pullout force is greater with both bidirectional needle rotation (BI) and unidirectional rotation (UNI) than no rotation (NO). Acupuncture needles were inserted, manipulated, and pulled out by using a computer-controlled acupuncture needling instrument at eight acupuncture points and eight control points. We found 167 and 52% increases in mean pullout force with UNI and BI, respectively, compared with NO (repeated-measures ANOVA, P < 0.001). Pullout force was on average 18% greater at acupuncture points than at control points ( P < 0.001). Needle grasp is therefore a measurable biomechanical phenomenon associated with acupuncture needle manipulation.

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Cabioglu, Mehmet Tugrul, and Gülnaz Arslan. "Neurophysiologic Basis of Back-Shu and Huatuo-Jiaji Points." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 36, no. 03 (January 2008): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x08005916.

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Acupuncture, a method of traditional Chinese medicine that uses Back-Shu and Huatuo-Jiaji points, is especially effective for treating diseases of the visceral organs. Applying acupuncture on Back-Shu points affects visceral organs in many ways. For example, it dilates the bronchus, affects the heartbeat, stomach motility, urinary bladder contractions and so on. Acupuncture's effects can be explained as viscero-cutaneous, cutaneo-visceral, cutaneo-muscular, and viscero-muscular reflexes. Segmental dispersion of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems is related to the location of Back-Shu points. Changes in visceral organs caused by application of acupuncture can be explained as modulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

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Dorsher, P. T., and J. Fleckenstein. "Trigger Points and Classical Acupuncture Points." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur 51, no. 3 (2008): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dza.2008.07.004.

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Dorsher, P. T., and J. Fleckenstein. "Trigger Points and Classical Acupuncture Points." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur 51, no. 4 (2008): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dza.2008.10.001.

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Dorsher, P. T., and J. Fleckenstein. "Trigger Points and Classical Acupuncture Points." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur 52, no. 1 (2009): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dza.2009.01.001.

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Khorsand, Ali, Jiang Zhu, Hamidreza Bahrami-Taghanaki, Sara Baghani, Liangxiao Ma, and Shima Rezaei. "Investigation of the Electrical Impedance of Acupuncture Points and Non-Acupuncture Points before and after Acupuncture, using a Four-Electrode Device." Acupuncture in Medicine 33, no. 3 (June 2015): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2014-010697.

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Aim To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on skin electrical impedance of selected points, before and after acupuncture on one acupuncture point (PC6), using a four-electrode device. Methods Six acupuncture and non-acupuncture points on both sides of the body were selected to evaluate the effects of acupuncture on electrical properties of these points. Results There were no results significant differences of electrical impedance before and after acupuncture in the selected points. Conclusions According to our experimental set-up, acupuncture at one point without stimulation does not alter skin electrical impedance in healthy volunteers and there is no difference between acupuncture points and non-acupuncture points.

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Denmei, Shudō. "Finding Effective Acupuncture Points." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 9, no. 5 (October 2003): 799–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/107555303322524689.

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Yan, Xiaohui, Xinyi Zhang, Chenglin Liu, Ruishan Dang, Yuying Huang, Wei He, and Guanghong Ding. "Do acupuncture points exist?" Physics in Medicine and Biology 54, no. 9 (April 8, 2009): N143—N150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/54/9/n01.

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Djumaeva, Naylya, Gulnara Akhundjanova, Leyla Djumaeva, and Dilbar Urunova. "Electrodermal measurement of acupuncture points for testing daily doses of sofosbuvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection." InterConf, no. 31(147) (March 20, 2023): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.03.2023.040.

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Acupuncture has been practiced widely for treating different medical conditions. The basis of the acupuncture method is the doctrine of acupuncture points, one of the features of which is their unique electrical properties on the measurement of which the methods of electropuncture diagnostics are based. The purpose of the study was to explore the possibilities of a medicament testing technique for determining daily doses of the antiviral drug Sofosbuvir and comparing the tested daily doses of Sofosbuvir with the level of viral load in the blood of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Medicament testing of Sofosbuvir was performed on two points of point of acupunctures. This pilot study included 61 patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Electrodermal measurement points of acupuncture of Liver meridian and EAV Circulation meridian and the correlation between tested doses of Sofosbuvir and viral load in the patients’ blood were analyzed. The points of acupuncture of Liver and EAV Circulation meridians demonstrated the possibility to apply them as measuring points to determine daily doses of Sofosbuvir. Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection showed a significant positive correlation between tested daily doses of Sofosbuvir and viral load, which was gradually lost with an increase in viral load. The mean values of the tested doses of Sofosbuvir did not vary in different PA and significantly differed depending on viral load. This study showed that points of acupuncture serve as a diagnostic window in a process of medicament testing and can help to determine the daily doses of the antiviral drugs and also serve as an indirect method for assessing the level of viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. There is the correlation between the tested doses of Sofosbuvir and viral load levels in these patients.

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Dung, H. C. "Acupuncture Points of the Brachial Plexus." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 13, no. 01n04 (January 1985): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x85000095.

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This publication is the third of a total of six papers intended to name acupuncture points following the anatomic nomenclatures. In the first publication, acupuncture points in the head are named using terminal branches of the trigeminal nerve and the muscles of facial expression. In the second publication, acupuncture points in the neck are named using the cutaneous nerves of the cervical plexus and neuromuscular attachments formed by the spinal accessory nerve on the trapezius muscle. In this third publication, acupuncture points existing on the upper limbs are described following the terminal branches of the brachial plexus.

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Hsu, Sheng-Feng, Chien-Yue Chen, Ming-Da Ke, Chien-Hsun Huang, Yuan-Ting Sun, and Jaung-Geng Lin. "Variations of Brain Activities of Acupuncture to TE5 of Left Hand in Normal Subjects." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 39, no. 04 (January 2011): 673–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x11009111.

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This paper presents the evident effects of acupoint stimulation, using EEG (electroencephalogram) measurements. With acupuncture stimulation and the EEG measurement on the same meridian, EEG is able to accurately detect the effects of acupunctural point stimulation on brain waves. In this study, 24 subjects without heart or neural diseases were randomly separated into two groups of 12, named test and control groups. Similar procedures are performed; the subjects lay on a bed with eyes closed for ten minutes as the baseline. The test group received acupuncture at their Waiguan points (TE5) on their left hands for 20 minutes, while the control group did not. EEGs are recorded during pre-acupuncture, acupuncture stimulation and post-acupuncture stimulation periods. The EEG electrodes are at the T3, T4, O1 and O2 locations. Continuous wavelet transformation analysis is adopted; therefore, EEGs are divided into the following bands: δ (0.5–4HZ), θ (4–8HZ), α (8–13HZ) and β (13–30HZ). During acupuncture stimulation, the θ energy is increased and had statistical differences at all electrode points, T3, T4, O1 and O2. Upon removing the needle, the energy at the T3 and T4 points slowly declined and revealed obvious statistical differences. During acupuncture, only α energy has been noted to have statistical difference and it was increased at the T3 point. However, the energy was decreased and had no statistical difference after five minutes. Acupuncture is proven to be able to affect brain waves, as the stimulation might have changed the tissues between the cranium and scalp; therefore, the brain waves are detected more easily.

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Ko, Hsing Fang, Ching-Hsiu Chen, Kai-Ren Dong, and Hsien-Chang Wu. "Effects of Acupuncture on Postoperative Pain After Total Knee Replacement: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis." Pain Medicine 22, no. 9 (June 21, 2021): 2117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnab201.

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Abstract Objective To identify the analgesic effectiveness of acupuncture after total knee replacement by systematic review. Methods A search of randomized controlled trials was conducted in five English medical electronic databases and five Chinese databases. Two reviewers independently searched in five English medical electronic databases and five Chinese databases. Two reviewers independently retrieved related studies, assessed the methodological quality, and extracted data with a standardized data form. Meta-analyses were performed with all-time-points meta-analysis. Results A total of seven studies with 891 participants were included. The meta-analysis results indicated that acupuncture had a statistically significant influence on pain relief (standardized mean difference = −0.705, 95% CI −1.027 to −0.382, P = 0.000). The subgroup analysis results showed that acupuncture’s effects on analgesia had a statistically significant influence (standardized mean difference= −0.567, 95% CI −0.865 to −0.269, P = 0.000). The main acupuncture points that produced an analgesic effect when they were used after total knee replacement included the Xuehai, Liangqiu, Dubi, Neixiyan, Yanglingquan, and Zusanli points. Electroacupuncture frequency ranged between 2 and 100 Hz. Conclusions As an adjunct modality, the use of acupuncture is associated with reduced pain and use of analgesic medications in postoperative patients. In particular, ear acupuncture 1 day before surgery could reduce analgesia .

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Jang, Jung Eun, Si-Hyun Park,, Kyung Ho Kim, and Seung Deok Lee. "Chronologically Change and Importance of Acupuncture Points Used in Bell’s Palsy in Classical Literature." Journal of Korean Medicine 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.13048/jkm.23033.

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Objectives: Many acupuncture points have been suggested for the treatment of Bell's palsy, but information on which acupuncture points are more important in treatment is not provided. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of acupuncture points currently used clinically in Bell's palsy.Methods: By reviewing the full text of 11 books that recorded acupuncture prescriptions from the Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the frequency of use of acupuncture points, their meridians, and their location were investigated.Results: The average number of acupuncture points used for local, adjacent and distal points selection was 10.5, 2, 4 respectively. The number of acupuncture points increased from the Qin Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty 《Bojaebang》 and then decreased, but the proportion of local points has been still high. From the Ming Dynasty, ST4, ST6, GV26, and GV24 were mainly have been used as the local points. Except for the GB12, the use of the rest of the acupuncture points gradually decreased in the adjacent points. In the distal acupuncture points, it was summarized to point of lung and large intestine channel until the Ming Dynasty, and LI4 was mainly used in the Qing Dynasty. Yangming meridian has been most often used at the local and distal area except for the adjacent area.Conclusions: In the treatment of facial paralysis, the lower part of the face had the highest proportion among local acupuncture points, and the Yangming had the highest proportion by meridian.

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Ots, Thomas, Asal Kandirian, Istvan Szilagyi, Susan M. DiGiacomo, and Andreas Sandner-Kiesling. "The selection of dermatomes for sham (placebo) acupuncture points is relevant for the outcome of acupuncture studies: a systematic review of sham (placebo)-controlled randomized acupuncture trials." Acupuncture in Medicine 38, no. 4 (February 6, 2020): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964528419889636.

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Background: Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture reveal no significant differences between acupuncture and so-called placebo acupuncture. There is a strong tendency to replace the term “placebo” by the term “sham,” because any needling stimulates a certain physiological response. However, neither concept accounts for the great diversity of results in RCTs comparing verum acupuncture and sham (placebo) acupuncture. Some trials have shown little or no difference, while other studies have found statistically significant differences. Objective: Verum acupuncture and sham (placebo) acupuncture may achieve similar results to the extent that they share active constituents. We identified these common active constituents as dermatomes: the segmental structure of the human body. In our study, we tested the hypothesis that the more verum and sham (placebo) acupuncture share the same dermatomes, the closer the clinical outcomes will be, and vice versa. Methods: All major databases were searched for RCTs that tested acupuncture versus sham (placebo) acupuncture. The dermatome charts of Hansen and Schliack were used to verify verum and sham (placebo) needling locations. Reported clinical outcomes were assessed in relation to the percentage of overlap between the dermatomes stimulated by acupuncture and sham (placebo) acupuncture. Results: Our literature search yielded a total of 1738 references. Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. The effects of sham (placebo) acupuncture varied according to the dermatomes stimulated: high overlap with those stimulated by verum acupuncture resulted in almost identical efficacy, while low overlap resulted in significant differences in efficacy. Clinical outcomes were similar when verum acupuncture and sham (placebo) acupuncture shared the same dermatomes (p < 0.01). Discussion: The findings of this review confirm our hypothesis. Acupuncture studies that employed verum and sham locations on overlapping dermatomes helped to create a mediocre to negative picture of acupuncture’s efficacy. The segmental structure of the body with its interconnected reflex system offers an additional neurophysiological explanation for the effectiveness of acupuncture applied to structures segmentally innervated by the spinal and visceral nervous system. Further comparative acupuncture studies should be based on knowledge of segmental anatomy. In testing verum acupuncture versus sham acupuncture, the chosen sham acupuncture needling locations should be situated on non-overlapping dermatomes.

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Ovechkin, Aleck, Sang-Min Lee, and Kyeong-Seop Kim. "THERMOVISUAL EVALUATION OF ACUPUNCTURE POINTS." Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/036012901816356072.

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Wiseman, Nigel. "English names for acupuncture points." Clinical Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine 2, no. 3 (September 2001): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/caom.2001.0095.

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Schnorrenberger, C. "HOW ACUPUNCTURE POINTS REALLY WORK." Japanese Journal of Ryodoraku Medicine 35, no. 1 (1990): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17119/ryodoraku1986.35.6.

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Islander, Nagi N. "Easy Needling of Acupuncture Points." Acupuncture in Medicine 4, no. 2 (January 1987): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.4.2.14.

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Dung, H. C. "Acupuncture Points of Sacral Plexus." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 13, no. 01n04 (January 1985): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x85000198.

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This is the sixth and final communication in a series describing acupuncture points by anatomic nomenclature. Most acunpuncture points on the lateral and posterior surfaces of the lower limb are located along routes of the sacral plexus. These points belong to acunpuncture meridians carrying ''Yang energy'' in the lower limbs. The meridians are traditionally known as the Urinary Bladder on the posterior surface of the lower limb, Gall Bladder on the lateral surface of the lower limb, and Stomach on the anterior surface of the leg and dorsum of the foot.

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Lam, Christopher. "Laser Stimulation of Acupuncture Points." Medical Acupuncture 19, no. 1 (March 2007): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acu.2006.512.

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Wong, Yiu Ming. "Acupuncture Points and Skin Impedance." Acupuncture in Medicine 31, no. 2 (June 2013): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2013-010322.

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Kao, Mu-Jung, Yueh-Ling Hsieh, Fang-Juan Kuo, and Chang-Zern Hong. "Electrophysiological Assessment of Acupuncture Points." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 85, no. 5 (May 2006): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.phm.0000214308.02631.9f.

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Yan, X. H., X. Y. Zhang, C. L. Liu, R. S. Dang, M. Ando, H. Sugiyama, H. S. Chen, and G. H. Ding. "Imaging study on acupuncture points." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 186 (September 1, 2009): 012100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012100.

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Van Ämerongen, Kirsten Stähler, Fabienne Christina Blattmann, Annette Kuhn, Daniel Surbek, and Mathias Nelle. "Ear Acupuncture Points in Neonates." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 14, no. 1 (January 2008): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm.2007.0556.

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Zhou, Quan, Shuping Gai, Nansen Lin, Jingjing Zhang, Lu Zhang, Renhuan Yu, Juntao Liu, and Xinxia Cai. "Power Spectral Differences of Electrophysiological Signals Detected at Acupuncture Points and Non-Acupuncture Points." Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research 39, no. 2 (August 1, 2014): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/036012914x14054537750508.

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Chang, W. W., H. Weissensteiner, W. D. Rausch, K. Y. Chen, L. S. Wu, and J. H. Lin. "Comparison of Substance P Concentration in Acupuncture Points in Different Tissues in Dogs." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 26, no. 01 (January 1998): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x98000038.

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Histologically, acupuncture points show neuronal innervation. One hundred seventy-seven tissue samples of acupuncture points and control points from 4 dogs were collected. Concentrations of substance P, a neurotransmitter, in the skin, muscle and subcutis of acupuncture points and control points were measured by means of enzyme immunoassay. The determined tissue concentrations of substance P (mean ± SEM) in a acupuncture points and control points were 1.81 ± 0.13 and 1.51 ± 0.1 ng/g in the muscle, 3.33 ± 0.29 and 2.63 ± 0.28 ng/g in the skin and 1.59 ± 0.22 and 1.32 ± 0.16 ng/g in the subcutis, respectively. The results indicate that there is a difference in the neurochemical profile between acupuncture points and control points.

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Nurbani, Rina, and Dwi Rachma Helianthi. "Wrist Ankle Acupuncture (WAA) and Body Acupuncture Accelerates Neurorehabilitation in Bell's Palsy: A Case Report." Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (October 31, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ams.v7i3.24818.

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Bell’s Palsy (BP) is an acute unilateral facial paralysis due to idiopathic inflammation of the peripheral facial nerve. Corticosteroids, antiviral drugs, and physical therapy could be useful to treat BP, however these treatments could not bring complete recovery. Acupuncture could be an alternative option for BP and to show its effectiveness, we present a case report, a patient with BP treated with acupuncture. A 48-year-old female patient, a kindergarden teacher, already treated with corticosteroid and antiviral agents as soon as BP was diagnosed. Six weeks later, patient didn’t recover, with House-Brackmann score stage 3. Acupuncture was perfomed at local and distance acupoints at ears, body and face. Wrist Ankle Acupuncture (WAA) L1,2; ear acupuncture at zero point; and body points were stimulated by electroacu-puncture. After acupuncture therapy, the House-Brackmann score was grade 2. Medical options for the sequelae of BP are limited. Acupuncture’s effectivity in Bell palsy patients’ should be shown with more clinical studies. Keywords: Acupuncture; Wrist Ankle Acupuncture; Bell’s Palsy; Recovery

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Wei, Jianzi, Huijuan Mao, Yu Zhou, Lina Wang, Sheng Liu, and Xueyong Shen. "Research on Nonlinear Feature of Electrical Resistance of Acupuncture Points." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/179657.

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A highly sensitive volt-ampere characteristics detecting system was applied to measure the volt-ampere curves of nine acupuncture points, LU9, HT7, LI4, PC6, ST36, SP6, KI3, LR3, and SP3, and corresponding nonacupuncture points bilaterally from 42 healthy volunteers. Electric currents intensity was increased from 0 μA to 20 μA and then returned to 0 μA again. The results showed that the volt-ampere curves of acupuncture points had nonlinear property and magnetic hysteresis-like feature. On all acupuncture point spots, the volt-ampere areas of the increasing phase were significantly larger than that of the decreasing phase (P<0.01). The volt-ampere areas of ten acupuncture point spots were significantly smaller than those of the corresponding nonacupuncture point spots when intensity was increase (P<0.05~P<0.001). And when intensity was decrease, eleven acupuncture point spots showed the same property as above (P<0.05~P<0.001), while two acupuncture point spots showed opposite phenomenon in which the areas of two acupuncture point spots were larger than those of the corresponding nonacupuncture point spots (P<0.05~P<0.01). These results show that the phenomenon of low skin resistance does not exist to all acupuncture points.

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Li, Yong Ming. "The Neuroimmune Basis of Acupuncture: Correlation of Cutaneous Mast Cell Distribution with Acupuncture Systems in Human." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 47, no. 08 (January 2019): 1781–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x19500903.

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The hypothesis that cutaneous mast cells (MCs) are responsible for skin phenomena in acupuncture was proposed 40 years ago, but very little is known about the correlation of MC distribution with acupuncture systems in human. The aim of this study is to quantify cutaneous mast cells at different body sites and compare them with the distributions of classical acupuncture points and micro-acupuncture systems. Skin biopsies from dermatological practice were evaluated under microscope with H&E or CD117 stains. Dermal MCs were counted and expressed as MCs per high power field. Densities of classical acupuncture points at different body sites were also calculated and expressed as points per dm2. MC densities at special sites of the body were compared with micro-acupuncture systems. After examining 285 skin biopsies, MC enriched special sites (MESS) were found at peripheral parts of the body and around orifices of body surfaces. Comparative mapping showed that patterns of MC distribution are highly correlated with the distributions of classic acupuncture points in 14 classic acupuncture meridians, with the exception of the trunk areas. Mapping also revealed that all micro-acupuncture systems were established at MESS, including ear, scalp, hand, foot, eye, face, and umbilicus. The conclusion is that the densities of cutaneous MCs are highly correlated with classical acupuncture points and micro-acupuncture systems. These findings provide tissue evidence of neuroimmune basis of acupuncture and suggest that MC is a tissue target for acupuncture stimulation and may serve as a tissue marker for acupuncture points.

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McTiernan, Sean. "The physiological mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia and its applications within veterinary practice." Veterinary Nurse 13, no. 6 (July 2, 2022): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2022.13.6.272.

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The practice of acupuncture as a method of pain relief is becoming increasingly popular in veterinary medicine. With recent advances in neuroimaging and molecular biology studies we now have measurable results to aid with our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of acupuncture-induced analgesia. Multiple body regions can be accessed through individual acupuncture points via the peripheral nervous system and its connection to the central nervous system. Acupuncture's analgesic effects can be conceptually divided into local, segmental (spinal), and suprasegmental (brain) effects and involve the enhanced release of analgesic endogenous substances (e.g. opioids) and reducing the release of pain-inducing substances such as inflammatory cytokines. Electroacupuncture is proving to be the most effective acupuncture delivery method through providing a more potent stimulus to the acupuncture point leading to greater substance release. The purpose of this review article is to summarise some of the mechanisms behind acupuncture analgesia and to highlight how many veterinary patients could benefit from its use.

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Huang, Tao, and Xinnong Cheng. "The Observation of the Change of TCE Caused by Different Acupuncture Stimulation." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/856905.

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Purpose. To observe the change of transcutaneous CO2emission on meridian points or nonacupoints when the different needle sensations were gotten and study the associativity between Deqi acupuncture and periphery constitution energy metabolism effect.Method. 20 healthy volunteers were punctured on Neiguan (P6) in different ways including sham, shallow, Deqi acupuncture, and Deqi plus pressed P5, and measured TCE of different points before, during, and after acupuncture.Result. Needle sensations of sham acupuncture and shallow acupuncture were less than those of Deqi acupuncture. TCE of meridian points increased significantly and showed the specificity of meridian/channels.Conclusion. Verum acupuncture could cause the stronger needling sensations including distention, aching, numbness, and tingling than sham and shallow acupuncture. The strength of needling sensation caused by Deqi acupuncture is moderate and brought the best curative effects in TCE measurement. Deqi acupuncture could improve the energy metabolism of the points on the corresponding meridian/channel.

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Kim, Min Soo, Hak Dong Kim, Hee Don Seo, Kazuaki Sawada, and Makoto Ishida. "The Effect of Acupuncture at PC-6 on the Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 36, no. 03 (January 2008): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x08005928.

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The present study aims to examine the effect of acupuncture stimulation of an acupuncture point (PC-6) and nonacupuncture point on electroencephalograms (EEGs) and electrocardiograms (ECGs). We used EEG in 10 healthy subjects to investigate cortical activation during stimulation of acupuncture points (neiguan: PC-6) and nonacupuncture points. Our most interesting finding was the marked differences of amplitude of EEG power between acupuncture points and nonacupuncture points stimulation. Wavelet transform was used as the EEG signal processing method, because it has advantages in a time domain and frequency domain characteristics analysis. EEGs were collected from 16 channels, and the α-wave (8–13 Hz), β-wave (13–30 Hz), θ-wave (4–8 Hz) and δ-wave (0.5–4 Hz) were used as standards for frequency bands. According to the experiment results, EEG signals increased considerably after acupuncture stimulation; in each frequency band, the average amplitude was higher after acupuncture stimulation; ECG heart rates were faster by at least 10% after acupuncture stimulation. Consequently, it will be possible to verify the function of acupuncture stimulation on neiguan (acupuncture points; PC-6) more effectively.

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CHEN, Shaozong. "試論針灸學現代化研究的成就." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.11335.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文簡要介紹針灸學現代化研究的三個成就：交叉學科全息生物醫學、現代時間針失學和現代針灸學的產生；針刺信號的傳導通路和針刺鎮痛的生理學基礎；經終實質的重新認識。在此基礎上，本文對相關的理論探索和發展進行討論和評價。This essay introduces and assesses some major achievements that have been made in scientific research concerning modernizing acupuncture, a main discipline of traditional Chinese medicine. These achievements include the development of interdisciplinary subjects such as holographic bio-medicine, modern tempera-acupuncture, and modern acupuncture; the account of the propagating route of the signs caused by acupunctural stimulates and the physiological basis for acupunctural analgesia; and the new thought on the essence of jingluo (channel).There are some special acupunctural points in the body, such as the points in the ear, hand, and foot, which cannot be accounted for through the traditional Chinese medical theories. Unlike general acupunctural points, these special points in a particular location (like the ear) reflect the situation of the whole body. They are like miniature of the body. Only the new theory of holographic bio-medicine can appropriately account for physiological and pathological phenomena of these special points. Moreover, it has long been found that stimulating the same points at different time of the day generates different effects. This fact is also confirmed by contemporary research. The development of modern tempera-acupuncture attempts to discover rules in employing acupunctural treatment to the patient in the best time.For many years Chinese researchers have been trying to find a basic anatomical structure for acupunctural channels. They had confidence in the belief that "structure determines function." For them, this means that if there is a particular function, there must be a specific structure "behind" it to make this function possible. However, the series of efforts in disclosing a specific structure for the channel have failed one after another. The failure indicates the defect of the claim that a particular structure determines a particular function. From an epistemic perspective, it may well be the case that function suggests structure. The channel system in traditional Chinese medicine may be a supra-anatomical structure; in other words, it is not sustained directly by any particular anatomical structure, but by a network of the whole body in relation to a number of anatomical aspects.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 31 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

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Wu, Chung-Chieng, Ming-Feng Chen, and Chun-Ching Lin. "Absorption of Subcutaneous Injection of Tc-99m Pertechnetate via Acupuncture Points and Non-acupuncture Points." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 22, no. 02 (January 1994): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x94000140.

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SC-RNV, a new method of radionuclide venography by subcutaneous injection of Tc-99m pertechnetate at acupuncture points K-3 (Taixi), was developed in our laboratory. To further investigate whether K-3 is the best point for SC-RNV, Tc-99m pertechnetate was subcutaneously injected at K-3 on one foot and at one of the 11 other acupuncture points (APs) or 3 nonacupuncture points (NAPs) on the opposite foot, simultaneously, in 157 subjects without evidence of venous disorder. The absorption of radioisotopes from each injection site was evaluated by analyzing the time-activity curve at a region of interest set upon over the lower leg above the injection site. The results revealed that the absorption of radioisotopes via K-3 (Taixi) was better than that via NAPs, evidenced by higher peak activity and greater absorption rate. However, there was no significant difference between K-3 injection and other APs injections except Liv-2 and Liv-3. These results indicate that absorption of radioisotopes via APs is better than via NAPs. This together with the fact that K-3 is easier to detect than other APs in feet, suggests that K-3 is a good point for SC-RNV.

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Melchart, Dieter, Andrea Streng, Andrea Hoppe, Benno Brinkhaus, Claudia Becker-Witt, Michael Hammes, Dominic Irnich, Josef Hummelsberger, Stefan N. Willich, and Klaus Linde. "The Acupuncture Randomised Trial (Art) for Tension-Type Headache - Details of the Treatment." Acupuncture in Medicine 23, no. 4 (December 2005): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.23.4.157.

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Objective The goal of this paper is to describe the characteristics of physicians and their interventions in a large, multicentre randomised trial of acupuncture for tension-type headache known as ARTTTH, in order to enable acupuncturists to assess the study interventions. Methods Participating physicians were recruited whose qualifications met or surpassed those of physicians currently accredited for providing acupuncture by state health funding agencies in Germany. Semi-standardised treatment strategies for acupuncture and minimal acupuncture were developed in a consensus process with acupuncture experts. A total of 270 patients suffering from episodic or chronic tension-type headache were randomised to 12 sessions of semi-standardised acupuncture (three predefined ‘basic’ points, recommendations for additional points given, but individual choice of additional points possible), standardised minimal acupuncture (superficial needling of at least 5 of 10 predefined, bilateral, distant non-acupuncture points) or a waiting list. Forty two physicians, trained and experienced in acupuncture, from 28 centres in Germany participated in the trial. Results The median duration of acupuncture training of trial physicians was 500 hours (range 140 to 1350 hours). Physicians had 10 (<1 to 25) years acupuncture experience. The three ‘basic’ points (GB20, GB21 and LR3) were treated in 96%, 82% and 97% of sessions, respectively. Frequently treated optional points included LI4 (67%), SP6 (50%) and ST36 (46%). Ten of the 42 physicians stated that they would have treated patients differently outside the trial. The trial found a significant effect of acupuncture over waiting list but not over minimal acupuncture. Conclusions In general, trial physicians complied well with the predefined interventions. A relevant minority of participating trial physicians stated that they would have treated patients differently outside the trial.

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Itoh, Kazunori, Yasukazu Katsumi, and Hiroshi Kitakoji. "Trigger Point Acupuncture Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain in Elderly Patients – a Blinded Rct." Acupuncture in Medicine 22, no. 4 (December 2004): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.22.4.170.

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Objective There is some evidence for the efficacy of acupuncture in chronic low back pain, but it remains unclear which acupuncture modes are most effective. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of two different modes of trigger point acupuncture on pain and quality of life in chronic low back pain patients compared to standard acupuncture treatment. Methods Thirty five consecutive out-patients (25 women, 10 men; age range: 65–81 years) from the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Meiji University of Oriental Medicine, with non-radiating low back pain for at least six months and normal neurological examination, were randomised to one of three groups over 12 weeks. Each group received two phases of acupuncture treatment with an interval between them. Nine patients dropped out during the course of the study. The standard acupuncture group (n=9) received treatment at traditional acupuncture points for low back pain, while the other acupuncture groups received superficial (n=9) or deep (n=9) treatments on trigger points. Outcome measures were VAS pain intensity and Roland Morris Questionnaire. Results After treatment, the group that received deep needling to trigger points reported less pain intensity and improved quality of life compared to the standard acupuncture group or the group that received superficial needling to trigger points, but the differences were not statistically significant. There was a significant reduction in pain intensity between the treatment and interval in the group that received deep needling to trigger points (P<0.01), but not in the standard acupuncture group or the group that received superficial needling to trigger points. Conclusion These results suggest that deep needling to trigger points may be more effective in the treatment of low back pain in elderly patients than either standard acupuncture therapy, or superficial needling to trigger points.

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Shang, Cheng. "Singular Point, Organizing Center and Acupuncture Point." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 17, no. 03n04 (January 1989): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x8900019x.

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A hypothesis is proposed on the nature of acupuncture point and organizing center, the role of meridian system in growth regulation, and the mechanism of acupuncture. Both organizing centers and acupuncture points have low electric resistance. The low electric resistance is related to the distribution of gap junction and thus intercellular communication. Some acupuncture points may be organizing centers. The meridian system is important in coordination and regulation of morphogenesis. The properties of organizing centers and acupuncture points can be explained in view of singular point. Coupling and oscillation may underlie the mechanism of acupuncture as well as growth regulation.

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Dung, H. C. "Acupuncture Points of the Typical Spinal Nerves." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 13, no. 01n04 (January 1985): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x85000083.

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Typical spinal nerves have six cutaneous branches which reach to the skin of the body wall in the thorax and abdomen. Each of these six cutaneous branches correlates to an acupuncture point. This communication describes acupuncture points found in the thoracic and abdominal walls using anatomic nomenclature relating to cutaneous branches of the spinal nerves.

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Wang, Wendy C., Siriporn Vachiramon, Amornpong Vachiramon, and Tharin Vachiramon. "Treatment of Xerostomia in Prosthetic Patients Using Local Acupuncture Points on the Face." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 5, no. 4 (2004): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-5-4-133.

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Abstract Acupuncture is gaining popularity in mainstream dentistry to treat various conditions. This paper aims to present acupuncture techniques to treat prosthetic patients with xerostomia using local acupuncture points on the face. Citation Wang WC, Vachiramon S, Vachiramon A, et. al. Treatment of Xerostomia in Prosthetic Patients Using Local Acupuncture Points on the Face. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 November;(5)4:133-138.

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Hong, Chang-Zern. "Myofascial Trigger Points: Pathophysiology and Correlation with Acupuncture Points." Acupuncture in Medicine 18, no. 1 (June 2000): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.18.1.41.

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A review is made of recent studies on myofascial trigger points (MTrP) and their mechanism is discussed. Clinical and basic science studies have shown that there are multiple MTrP loci in a MTrP region. A MTrP locus contains a sensory component (sensitive locus) and a motor component (active locus). A sensitive locus is a point from which tenderness or pain, referred pain, and local twitch response can be elicited by mechanical stimulation. Sensitive loci (probably sensitised nociceptors) are widely distributed in the whole muscle, but are concentrated in the endplate zone. An active locus is a site from which spontaneous electrical activity can be recorded. Active loci appear to be dysfunctional endplates since spontaneous electrical activity is essentially the same as the electrical activity reported by neurophysiologists as that recorded from an abnormal endplate. A MTrP is always found in a taut band which is histologically related to contraction knots caused by excessive release of acetylcholine in abnormal endplates. Both referred pain and local twitch response are mediated through spinal cord mechanisms, as demonstrated in both human and animal studies. The pathogenesis of MTrPs appears to be related to integration in the spinal cord of response to the disturbance of nerve endings and abnormal contractile mechanism at multiple dysfunctional endplates. There are many similarities between MTrPs and acupuncture points including their location and distribution, pain and referred pain patterns, local twitch responses (de qi), and possible spinal cord mechanism.

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Lee, Hyeonhoon. "Using ChatGPT as a Learning Tool in Acupuncture Education: Comparative Study." JMIR Medical Education 9 (August 17, 2023): e47427. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/47427.

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Background ChatGPT (Open AI) is a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence model with potential applications in the medical fields of clinical practice, research, and education. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ChatGPT as an educational tool in college acupuncture programs, focusing on its ability to support students in learning acupuncture point selection, treatment planning, and decision-making. Methods We collected case studies published in Acupuncture in Medicine between June 2022 and May 2023. Both ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 were used to generate suggestions for acupuncture points based on case presentations. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to compare the number of acupuncture points generated by ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4, and the overlapping ratio of acupuncture points was calculated. Results Among the 21 case studies, 14 studies were included for analysis. ChatGPT-4 generated significantly more acupuncture points (9.0, SD 1.1) compared to ChatGPT-3.5 (5.6, SD 0.6; P<.001). The overlapping ratios of acupuncture points for ChatGPT-3.5 (0.40, SD 0.28) and ChatGPT-4 (0.34, SD 0.27; P=.67) were not significantly different. Conclusions ChatGPT may be a useful educational tool for acupuncture students, providing valuable insights into personalized treatment plans. However, it cannot fully replace traditional diagnostic methods, and further studies are needed to ensure its safe and effective implementation in acupuncture education.

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Roth, LU, A. Maret-Maric, RH Adler, and BE Neuenschwander. "Acupuncture Points Have Subjective (Needing Sensation) and Objective (Serum Cortisol Increase) Specificity." Acupuncture in Medicine 15, no. 1 (May 1997): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.15.1.2.

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This randomised, controlled trial was to determine if blinded subjects are able to discriminate between needle stimulation at traditional acupuncture points and sham points, based on the appreciation of needling sensation (de qi); and if needling at traditional points is related to the objective parameter of serum cortisol increase. Manual acupuncture at traditional and sham points was applied to 20 healthy male students in a single-blind crossover design. Needle sensation (de qi) was reported as significantly stronger with traditional needling than with sham acupuncture. Needling at traditional acupuncture points moderately, but significantly, increased serum cortisol values at 5, 25 and 45 minutes after cessation of stimulation. Needle sensation did not correlate with serum cortisol levels. Experience of pain did not show a difference between traditional and sham needling, nor did it correlate with serum cortisol levels. We conclude that acupuncture points show subjective (needling sensation) and objective (serum cortisol increase) specificity.

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Ha, Yejin, Misun Kim, Jiseon Nah, Minah Suh, and Youngmi Lee. "Measurements of Location-Dependent Nitric Oxide Levels on Skin Surface in relation to Acupuncture Point." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/781460.

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Location-dependent skin surface’s partial nitric oxide pressure (pNO) is studied using highly sensitive amperometric NO microsensor with a small sensing area (diameter = 76 μm). The pNO level of LI4 (Hegu) acupuncture point is measured and compared with the pNO level of nonacupuncture point. In addition, the mapping of pNO is carried out over the left wrist skin area one- as well as two-dimensionally. Statistically higher pNO levels near the position of acupuncture points than non-acupuncture points are observed consistently, implying tight relationship between the level of NO release of skin and acupuncture points. The amperometric planar NO microsensor successfully monitors the heterogeneity of skin pNO distribution in high spatial resolution due to its advantageous features such as high sensitivity and small sensing dimension. The current study suggests the direct connection between NO and acupuncture points and possibly provides beneficial information to understand physiological roles and basis of the acupuncture points.

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TONG, Carrison K. S., Oliver C. M. CHAN, and Edwin C. L. YU. "The future of acupuncture education: 3D Augmented Reality (AR) acupuncture model for Chinese Medicine." HKIE Transactions 30, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33430/v30n1thie-2022-0004.

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Acupuncture is a therapeutic modality in Traditional Chinese Medicine which aims to improve the flow of Qi (chi) or energy around the body by applying needles to specific points on the skin. Traditional Chinese Medicine teaches that Qi must flow freely through the body’s meridians, or channels, to ensure health and well-being. Traditionally, Chinese Medicine practitioners used a wooden, copper or bronze acupuncture model to show the points where needles should be applied to the skin and the meridians through which Qi flows around the body. However, as traditional models depict acupuncture points which are too rigid for teaching purposes, understanding the descriptions of acupuncture points from textbooks in 2D is also another hurdle for beginners to apply them to the human body in 3D. With modern computing and 3D-printing technologies, this article introduces a realistic human model in the form of a 6-foot copper acupuncture sculpture with over 370 virtual acupuncture points using state-of-the-art Augmented Reality (AR) and metal 3D-printing techniques for enhanced teaching, learning, and demonstration of acupuncture principles. It will be a new training model for Western and Chinese medical practitioners as well as for the public to gain interactive acupuncture experience that is beneficial to their own health.

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Pollmann, Antonius. "Homoeopathic injections in the acupuncture points." Japanese Journal of Ryodoraku Medicine 35, no. 1 (1990): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17119/ryodoraku1986.35.20.

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Chou, Pei-Chi, Heng-Yi Chu, and Jaung-Geng Lin. "Safe Needling Depth of Acupuncture Points." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 17, no. 3 (March 2011): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm.2010.0192.

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Hazleman, B. "Acupuncture, Trigger Points and Musculoskeletal Pain." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 49, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.49.6.347-b.

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Dung, H. C. "Acupuncture Points of the Lumbar Plexus." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 13, no. 01n04 (January 1985): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x85000186.

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This communication is the fifth in a series of six publications describing acupuncture points by anatomic nomenclature. This article describes acunpuncture points in the lumbar region of the posterior body wall, the inguinal and pelvic regins of the lower abdomen, and the medial surface of the thigh and leg. Acunpuncture points in these regions are generally established by anatomic features of the lumbar spinal nerves. Nerve branches of the posterior primary rami of the lumbar spinal nerves and the lumbar plexus provide the anatomic basis for acunpuncture points in these regions and are used to name the points accordingly.

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Kovich, Fletcher. "The Impedance Profile of Acupuncture Points." Journal of Acupuncture Research 35, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.13045/jar.2018.00080.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Acupuncture points'

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