Journal articles on the topic 'Actual remembering'

ABSTRACT: Several Icelandic texts from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries depict female characters from the pre-Christian past. In both poetry and prose, these heathen women are often portrayed as recalling the old, pre-Christian religion or the magical practices associated with it. Within this literature, different genres correlate with strata of cultural memory that are associated with different periods in Norse history and pre-history. This link between genre and era is largely independent of the actual dates of composition of the texts or the historicity of the events they describe. An analysis of illustrative examples from this corpus reveals how the evaluation and representation of heathen women depend on how deeply in the past they are situated by the narratives that describe them.

Problems occur for users when they attempt to navigate or purchase items from a virtual shopping environment that has to correlate in the physical world. These problems arise in part, because online shoppers do not have the benefit of external memory provided by the physical world. The memory zones idea attempts to solve these problems by providing an online parallel to this external memory. The system reported uses a profile of previous purchases and a representation of the physical environment of the actual shop to recommend items to shoppers, that they may have otherwise forgotten because of the lack of suitable external memory.

This paper offers a short history of Agnes Heller’s relationship to China through three aspects: imaginative aesthetic enjoyment, real encounters with Chinese cultural spectacles and actual audiences, and the construction of an academic community through creative dialogue. These discussions suggest that Heller felt at home in China. Although Heller has passed away, a home for us remains in her work through remembering her and engaging further with her writings.

Abstract Objective: Prospective memory (PM) involves remembering to carry out an intended action in the future and is impacted in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (ad). Subjective ratings have been used in reporting patient PM outcomes. This study examined the utility of subjective reports in predicting objective PM in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI) and healthy older adults. Methods: Participants included 58 healthy controls (HC), 37 persons with aMCI, and 28 individuals with naMCI. Subjective reports were assessed using caregiver and participant ratings on the Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire. An objective PM measure was used during the neuropsychological assessment. Simple PM involves remembering to request any pill after a task. Complex PM involves remembering to request the correct number of pills after each task. Results: Linear regression analyses revealed that subjective caregiver and participant ratings predicted simple PM performance for only the HC group, where caregiver reports were unique predictors. Subjective caregiver and participant ratings were not predictive of complex PM performance in any of the groups. Conclusion: Results indicate that subjective caregiver reports were only predictive of healthy participants’ objective simple PM outcomes. This indicates that generally overall subjective ratings are not a substitute for actual PM outcomes in ad and MCI groups. In conclusion, researchers and clinicians should not rely solely on subjective reports in predicting objective outcomes.

Abstract While the general link between storytelling and remembering has often been underlined with regard to such topics as traumatic experience or the construction of identity, there are hardly any studies that analyse the mnestic performance that underpins the reading of narrative plots in literary texts. In order for a story to create meaning, the reader has to remember earlier events, thus becoming able to understand how conflicts arise and are resolved. If this fact seems much too obvious to require any questioning, the process of plot-related remembering takes on considerable complexity when it comes to long novelistic texts. In these cases, reading amounts to an exercise in remembering and writing becomes a way of addressing and guiding the reader’s memory. This article proposes a theory of emplotted memory, i. e. of how narrative texts create a sequence of events in the memory of the reader. It argues, furthermore, that emplotted remembering is a dimension of implied readership and that it can be analysed on a textual level. Gathering elements and cues for such a theory, the first section of the article begins with an examination of the rule laid down in Aristotle’s Poetics that the mythos of tragedy has to be easily rememberable (eumnēmoneuton). As the famous analogy of the animal body suggests, both the limited extension and the holistic structure of the ideal tragic plot prevent the audience from forgetting how events tie in with each other. The very intelligibility and the cathartic effect of tragedy hence depend on a mnestic activity. But whereas tragedy has to become rememberable by means of the plot’s inner structure and limited size alone, epic can use narrative techniques such as flashbacks and summaries in order to comprehend a much longer time span. In his theory of narrative desire, Peter Brooks builds on these insights and conceives plot as a dynamic process of anticipation and retrospection that heavily involves the reader’s memory. For Brooks, emplotted remembering amounts to a passionate quest for meaning: Narrative tension implies that a psychic need prevents the reader from forgetting as long as the end of the plot has not been reached. The more coherent the narrative structure of the text, the more intense the activity of emplotted remembering will be. The theoretical section of the article concludes with a review of some studies from the field of empirical psychology that have addressed the recall of stories. It turns out that the basic assumptions derived from Aristotle and Brooks – such as the importance of remembering for the comprehension of narrative, the correlation between structural coherence and memorability or the strife for meaning – are in tune with empirical findings. The goal of the article, however, is not to develop a theory that is able to predict the mnestic processes triggered by a given text. On the contrary, it uses theory as a heuristic tool that is meant to be transformed by each reading. Whereas the first section constructs a heuristic model of plot-related remembering, the second aims to account for its particularity in different texts and contexts. Its purpose is to flesh out the theory of emplotted remembering by examining the interaction of plot and memory in three romances and novels. Narrative texts give rise to various processes of remembering and forgetting that depend on plot structure, narrative technique and cultural factors. The first case study is dedicated to Yvain ou le chevalier au lion by Chrétien de Troyes. This 12th-century romance not only tells a story of forgetting and remembering – Yvain fails to respect a deadline set by his wife Laudine and then strives to redeem himself – but also addresses the problematics of memory on a narrative level. While the protagonist begins by forgetting his engagements to Laudine, the reader’s perspective is always firmly located on the side of remembering. This effect, which is achieved by diverging measures between discourse and story time as well as by mirroring relationships between the part and the whole, testifies to the great axiological and ethical prestige of remembering in Chrétien’s text. Rodríguez de Montalvo’s lengthy romance Amadís de Gaula is at the centre of the second case study. It can be shown that the Amadís involves two kinds of emplotted memory and two corresponding sets of narrative strategies. The episodic elements of the romance invite the reader to remember minor incidents over hundreds of pages, but they are accompanied by almost no mnemotechnic hints because the intelligibility of the plot is guaranteed – even in the case of actual forgetting – by the permanent recurrence of the same schematic pattern. However, in the case of narrative strands that build up a coherent chain of causation, remembering is not an option but an absolute necessity. This is the reason why the narrator then gives extensive mnemotechnic comments in order to help the reader to tie the corresponding events together. The last case study focuses on Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship. The hero’s development is contingent on the fact that he vividly remembers certain incidents from his childhood and makes new experiences in the light of his infantile impressions. While the reader is made to remember alongside Wilhelm on the level of psychological causation, Goethe’s novel also creates a network of symbolic relationships between the characters that is fully accessible to the reader alone. This network involves a sense of simultaneity and complements the linear order of the plot with a synchronic memorial dimension. The conclusion of the article suggests perspectives for further inquiry and argues that emplotted remembering is likely to respond to cultural discourses on memory. Narrative texts encourage certain practices of remembering and forgetting and can thus be understood as interventions in cultural and political debates.

ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted to expand research showing that older adults' expectations that they will recall particular medication instructions do not coincide with their actual ability to do so. Seventy-one younger-old adults (M = 68.10 years, range = 57–74) and 62 older-old adults (M = 80.31 years, range = 75–89) made judgements about the likelihood of their recalling medication instructions and about their confidence in their recall. The results indicate that older-old adults recall fewer instructions than do younger-old adults and that both groups overestimate their ability to recall the instructions. This research suggests that problems remembering to take medication may be due, in part, to older adults' overestimating the ease with which they will remember medication instructions.

Space-use problems have been well investigated. Spatial memory capacity is assumed in many home-range algorithms; however, actual living things do not always exploit spatial memory, and living entities can exhibit adaptive and flexible behaviour using simple cognitive capacity. We have developed an agent-based model wherein the agent uses only detected local regions and compares global efficiencies for a habitat search within its local conditions based on memorized information. Here, memorized information was acquired by scanning locally perceived environments rather than remembering resource locations. When memorized information matched to its current environments, the agent changed resource selection rules. As a result, the agent revisited previous resource sites while exploring new sites, which was demonstrating a weak home-range property.

Background: Environmental volunteering can increase well-being, but environmental volunteer well-being has rarely been compared to participant well-being associated with other types of volunteering or nature-based activities. This paper aims to use a multidimensional approach to well-being to explore the immediately experienced and later remembered well-being of environmental volunteers and to compare this to the increased well-being of participants in other types of nature-based activities and volunteering. Furthermore, it aims to compare volunteer managers’ perceptions of their volunteers’ well-being with the self-reported well-being of the volunteers. Methods: Onsite surveys were conducted of practical conservation and biodiversity monitoring volunteers, as well as their control groups (walkers and fieldwork students, respectively), to measure general well-being before their nature-based activity and activity-related well-being immediately after their activity. Online surveys of current, former and potential volunteers and volunteer managers measured remembered volunteering-related well-being and managers’ perceptions of their volunteers’ well-being. Data were analysed based on Seligman’s multidimensional PERMA (‘positive emotion’, ‘engagement’, ‘positive relationship’, ‘meaning’, ‘achievement’) model of well-being. Factor analysis recovered three of the five PERMA elements, ‘engagement’, ‘relationship’ and ‘meaning’, as well as ‘negative emotion’ and ‘health’ as factors. Results: Environmental volunteering significantly improved positive elements and significantly decreased negative elements of participants’ immediate well-being, and it did so more than walking or student fieldwork. Even remembering their volunteering up to six months later, volunteers rated their volunteering-related well-being higher than volunteers rated their well-being generally in life. However, volunteering was not found to have an effect on overall mean well-being generally in life. Volunteer managers did not perceive the significant increase in well-being that volunteers reported. Conclusions: This study showed how environmental volunteering immediately improved participants’ well-being, even more than other nature-based activities. It highlights the benefit of regarding well-being as a multidimensional construct to more systematically understand, support and enhance volunteer well-being.

Philosophy is, first and foremost, the art of self-discovery. It has been that since its dawn, from the Delphic oracle to the present day. This is why pieces of ancient writing should be read as stimuli to one’s own thinking, so as to (in the name of hermeneutic fairness) not offend the old masters. A fragment which serves this purpose better and better as uncertainty of the author’s intentions grows is “μελέτη θανάτου” (Plato, Phaedo). The variety of possible translations enables this: “practice of death”, “care for death”, “exercise in death”, along with a range of thanatological questions, all but independent from the translations themselves. The abundance of possible interpretations also helps remind us of something which is well worth remembering: words are more of a tool aiding understanding than the actual aim of that understanding.

Two narratives of economic development are presented. The first highlights contemporary global wealth and income inequality. The second illustrates historical aggregate gains in global wealth and income. Within these two broad narratives of economic development, protests and social movements will arise to modulate feelings of unfairness and deprivation. A new theory of social movements is developed. Collective remembering and collective imagining can inform feelings of unfairness, frustration, and relative deprivation in the present. This theory highlights the importance of a temporal account of the development of social movements within democracies that allow for the expression of civic discontent without brutalization. The theory predicts aggregate global economic development, with unequal economic gains, will always necessitate social movements to modulate economic inequality and circumvent perceived and actual hardship. The implications of this theory for understanding globalization, social movements, and creating fairer democratic societies are discussed.

Purpose To examine age- and age-related differences in recall of information provided during oncology consultations. Patients and Methods Two hundred sixty patients with cancer diagnosed with heterogeneous cancers, seeing a medical or radiation oncologist for the first time, participated in the study. Patients completed questionnaires assessing information needs and anxiety. Recall of information provided was measured using a structured telephone interview in which patients were prompted to remember details physicians gave about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Recall was checked against the actual communication in audio-recordings of the consultations. Results Recall decreased significantly with age, but only when total amount of information presented was taken into account. This indicates that if more information is discussed, older patients have more trouble remembering the information than younger ones. In addition, recall was selectively influenced by prognosis. First, patients with a poorer prognosis recalled less. Next, the more information was provided about prognosis, the less information patients recalled, regardless of their actual prognosis. Conclusion Recall is not simply a function of patient age. Age only predicts recall when controlling for amount of information presented. Both prognosis and information about prognosis are better predictors of recall than age. These results provide important insights into intervention strategies to improve information recall in patients with cancer.

In critiquing a recent book by Charity Scribner, Requiem for Communism, this article addresses fundamental questions about collective memories of Communism and the Soviet bloc: Why and how is “the past” remembered selectively? What happens when forgotten events are brought back to the fore of collective consciousness? What are the actual mechanisms of remembering? Who are the often invisible gatekeepers that direct the paths of our memories? Who are the influential rulers of memory attempting to shape our mnemonic repertoire? Scribner's book indirectly touches on these issues, though not in a fully satisfactory way, especially with regard to working-class life under Communism. Although the book does have some strong points, it too often fails to take account of how people in the region (as opposed to leftist intellectuals in the West who “knew” Communism vicariously) experienced manual labor during the Communist era and how they remember it now.

"The article highlights the Freudian approach applied in depicting the events ensuing in a family after a tragic accident – and the related psychoanalysis case, determined by a case of traumatic neurosis – as illustrated in Robert Redford’s movie Ordinary People. The elder son in the family dies in a boat accident, while his brother survives, unable to save him. Ridden with unconscious guilt, the brother tries to commit suicide. Later, he eventually starts an analysis that will bring to the surface his interpretation of the accident, unknown to himself, as the actual traumatic event. The emphasis is placed on a suggestion-free direction of the cure, as promoted by both Freud and Lacan, where the analyzand finds his own words and brings the trauma to memory, moving from a traumatic and compulsory reliving in the present to a remembering of something in the past which liberates the present. Keywords: traumatic neurosis, Freudian analysis, Jacques Lacan, direction of the cure, suggestion, variable-length session. "

The authors conducted a worldwide survey to explore the experiences of higher education faculty who converted classes to distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most respondents experienced much higher workloads and stress than in face-to-face classes. Previous experience with Online Distance Learning (ODL) predicted positive faculty response. Less than half used a school-provided LMS, instead using a wide range of other technologies. Respondents said they learned the need for adaptability and good planning, emphasizing doing what it takes to serve their students. There was high variability in most answers, indicating that the experiences of individual teachers ranged widely between positive and negative. The researchers provide recommendations based on the findings, including the need for better ODL instructional design training as part of long-term professional development for faculty and remembering the importance of all student higher education experiences, many of which are beyond the scope of the actual classes.

Both academic and popular culture discourses are inhabited by statements that “pathologize” the ways Roma remember the Holocaust and other traumatic events. Against these claims, this article’s main aim is to explore contemporary artistic production from Austria which fosters “Roma will to memory” within an assemblage of political practices and discourses. To this end, I will explore Marika Schmiedt’s body of artistic memory work from 1999 to 2015, relying on a critical visual approach. The impetus for this exploration is Slawomir Kapralski’s assertion that the actual cases of active remembering and commemoration among Roma and Sinti would render the traditional approach to Roma as “people without memory and history” inaccurate. As this case study shows, there is no such a thing as “Roma indifference to recollection,” but rather, the testimony about the traumatic past is silenced or obstructed by the lack of the infrastructure, the bureaucracy of the archives, and the strategic forgetting politics.

The liberation from the Soviet occupation marked a fundamental shift in Lithuanian life and culture, it is essential that a more explicit picture of the experience of life under Soviet rule be developed. The author of this article explores the kinds of issues that arise when attempting to understand one’s own remembered life, why there are differences in versions of the past – especially between the stories of people remembering that past and those recreating it from documents and others’ accounts. The author draws attention to the fact that drawing out and “writing” the past, especially while attempting to “distance” oneself from it, inevitably opens up important ethical questions around remembering and historical narrative in general. The article stresses the importance, when recalling and studying the recent past, of integrating internal, self-analytical, and external hermeneutic perspectives, of paying attention to the complex ethical issues involved in the interpretation of texts and documents when assessing people’s biographies and behaviors and creating general, evaluative “portraits” of them. In his consideration of the insights contained in the journals of the literary scholar Vytautas Kubilius, an important cultural figure of the recent past, the author of this article comes to the conclusion that no socalled scholarly studies of memory can be free of the ethical dimensions of understanding and self-perception. The article also highlights certain unique aspects of monograph texts about Lithuanian authors and stresses the importance of grasping the particularities of life during the Soviet period in any effort to understand its texts and documents. The article draws the conclusion that awareness of the ethical aspect of hermeneutics instills awareness of the moral aspects of one’s interpretation and the necessity of “checking” one’s interpretation, and especially any moral assessments, against the question: how would I have acted in those circumstances, as I have imagined them, or today’s actual ones?

Within the illustrations of the ninth century Utrecht Psalter, groupings of multiple people with no imperative role in the narrative are found in large numbers. This inclusion is unique and with clear intention, and unlike other non-essential pictorial elements in the composition such as foliage or buildings, all of these figures are drawn to completion. As the images in the Utrecht Psalter show consistency in their measurements on the page, as well as through the scale of elements within the actual illustrations, direct comparisons can be made on how these figures are employed in the scene. By using digital applications to create a compositional overlay of all these groups, a concentration of figures on the left and right sides of the image is observed. This article suggests that such an arrangement provides a readable image, with human groups added in order to encourage engagement with the text of the Psalter and aid in remembering its messages. Keywords: Utrecht Psalter; medieval literacy; manuscript illustration; image composition; digital humanities; artwork engagement

Much has progressed since 1919, a nurse discovered the diuretic effect of organic mercurial, drugs that were used as antisiphilitic. Actually we have drugs of different natriuretic power, remembering that alike power grows so does the collateral effects, and risks for the patient. Being the oedema a clinic manifestation result of the varied ethiologiess, its logic to think that just the solution for the basic sickness, will revert to the psysiopathologic mechanism of the oedema, that other-sides is no more than a homeostatic mechanism of bodies defense. Any ways the expected result is not always obtained, not even the needed time when we treat at the botton the pathologies. Then is when, this drugs appears like an assorted auxiliary medicines when used under criterion and knowledge of its limitations. But, in the actual days, this drugs have found a several clinic applications, that independ of the natriuretic action. However, we think that exist a tendency to over-prescribe the use of these drugs, without think that sometimes will be better to have a patient with a slight periferic oedema that a dry patient with a circulant volume decreased and ectopic ventricular activities.

This article explores the figure of the “migrant slave” that appears to conjoin antithetical notions—migration, often associated with intentionality and movement, and slavery, commonly associated with coercion and confinement. The figure of the migrant as slave has been frequently mobilized by “antitrafficking crusaders” in debates over unauthorized forms of trans-Mediterranean crossings to EUrope. Besides scrutinizing the depoliticized and dehistoricized ways in which contemporary migrant journeys have come to be associated with imaginaries of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, this article draws other, actual, comparisons between historic slavery and contemporary forms of migration. It argues that there does exist a historical resonance between the former and the latter. By remembering slave rebellions on land and at sea, the article makes the case that if one had to draw comparisons between historic slaves and contemporary migrants, beyond often crude visual associations, one would need to do so by enquiring into moments in which both enacted escape to a place of perceived freedom. It is shown that the fugitive slave escaping on the “underground railroad” resembles most closely the acts of escape via the Mediterranean and its “underground seaways” today.

This paper is intended as a contribution to understanding why, up until recently, there have been so few case reports of actual abuse and its sequelae in the psychoanalytic literature. We suggest that psychoanalytic insights into the nature of psychic reality, while indispensable to the evolution of psychoanalytic thinking, have nonetheless had the adverse effect of collapsing any distinction between unconscious fantasies and repressed memories. Moreover, the idea that knowledge of external reality is itself mentally constructed also has diminished interest in uncovering trauma and “real” history. We present a report of an adult analysis that illustrates the recovery of a dissociated memory of sexual abuse that occurred during adolescence, as a springboard to discuss problems analysts have had in dealing with trauma theoretically. We hypothesize that repressed memories and conscious fantasies can often be distinguished insofar as they may be “stored” or encoded differently, and that consequently the sequelae of trauma and fantasy often, but not always, can be disentangled. We describe some different modes of encoding trauma and some different ways of remembering, reexperiencing, and reenacting it. And, finally, we suggest why traumatic memories are increasingly accessible to patients today.

The Univ. of Connecticut has designed a website that will help facilitate the learning of landscape plant material. The main objective of this site is to help students taking plant identification courses in New England's land-grant universities and one private college. Virtual Campus Plant Walks have been developed to address budget constraints, student demands for technology integration in the classroom and to make use of the pedagogical benefits of the internet medium. The Virtual Campus Plant Walks are on-line walks that have detailed pictures and information given during actual plant walks done in each plant identification laboratory. Students are able to retake the walks at their own pace, reevaluate a plant they are having trouble remembering, or take the walk over the internet for the first time if they were unable to attend lab. Students will now be able to study plant material whenever they want, regardless of the time of day or weather. The educational validity of the walks has been tested for three semesters and the results are favorable. Surveys reveal that 80% believe the website improved their grades and 76% claimed the website decreased their study time. This evidence will promote the continued and expanded use of the website.

Temporalizing frameworks promoted under Syria’s dominant Baʿth Party have significantly shaped representations of temporality and historicity of, and in, the inhabitants of northern Syria until the early twenty-first century. In particular, the construction of the Euphrates Dam, Baʿthist Syria’s showcase modernization project, between 1968 and 1973, provided a symbolically highly loaded pivotal point for a progressivist discourse about the national historical trajectory which incorporated assumptions of internal temporal heterogeneity in its very core: while it promoted the image of a progressive, modern Syrian nation, it simultaneously removed the inhabitants of this part of the country to the realm of the backward and obsolete recent past and present, thus devaluing their actual lifestyles and aspirations and legitimizing their physical displacement following the submersion of their villages and fields under the emergent lake. Before this background, this article draws on literature research and intermittent ethnographic fieldwork in Syria between 2001 and 2011 to ask how the submerged memories of these people were articulated 40 years after the flooding. By including written, oral, as well as embodied expressions, the article argues that diverse facets of remembering the past in the Euphrates valley were valued very unevenly and that the relations between them were gendered and political.

Organisms are adapted to each other and the environment because there is an inbuilt striving toward security, stability, and equilibrium. A General Theory of Behavior connects imagery, affect, and action with the central executive system we call consciousness, a direct emergent property of cerebral activity. The General Theory is founded on the assumption that the primary motivation of all of consciousness and intentional behavior is psychological homeostasis. Psychological homeostasis is as important to the organization of mind and behavior as physiological homeostasis is to the organization of bodily systems. Consciousness processes quasi-perceptual images independently of the input to the retina and sensorium. Consciousness is the “I am” control center for integration and regulation of (my) thoughts, (my) feelings, and (my) actions with (my) conscious mental imagery as foundation stones. The fundamental, universal conscious desire for psychological homeostasis benefits from the degree of vividness of inner imagery. Imagery vividness, a combination of clarity and liveliness, is beneficial to imagining, remembering, thinking, predicting, planning, and acting. Assessment of vividness using introspective report is validated by objective means such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A significant body of work shows that vividness of visual imagery is determined by the similarity of neural responses in imagery to those occurring in perception of actual objects and performance of activities. I am conscious; therefore, I am.

It is surprising how many first impressions of the sight of Rome have been put on record. Some of these first impressions are unashamedly imaginary and come to us mediated by or through a persona. This is a common ploy in Augustan poetry, and it is worth remembering that none of the great Augustan poets was a Roman of Rome, so the impressions attributed to the persona may well reflect those of the writer on his first coming to the metropolis as a young man or boy. First impressions can be conveniently divided into two groups. Some are just that, first impressions, with no hint that the visitor might have had some expectations of what would be seen and experienced. A second group, perhaps the more interesting one, distinguishes itself by a shared anticipation: their actual impressions on visiting the city are not really ‘first’ impressions at all. Few have ever brought to Rome an innocent eye: even in antiquity many visitors always already seemed to know what they were going to see there. Considered chronologically, the very first impressions of Rome of this second group were formed in the imagination, by hearsay, by reading, or in modern times by seeing images of the city: theirs is a virtual Rome. When they finally visit the ‘real’ Rome there often occurs a disjunction or contrast; it might be of enhancement.

Hospital has implemented hospital information management system (HIMS) since 2016. one of the factors that currently plays an important role in the successful application and use of information technology is the user factor. The level of readiness of users to receive information technology has a major influence in determining the success and failure of the application of the technology. The purpose of this research is to evaluate user perception of SIMRS based on dimension Technology Acceptance Model (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude toward using, behavioral intention, actual usage). The method of this research is quantitative descriptive research. The object of this research is SIMRS user in all unit of hospital and research subjects are all SIMRS users. The results showed that the percentage of group calculation from PEOU 0.602 dimension (60.2%), PU 0.595 (59.5%) and ATU 0.594 (59.4%) were moderate category, dimensions of BI 0.777 (77.7%) and AU 0.694 (69.4%) are in good category. It states that the user perception of SIMRS has been running well and needs to be maintained, but there are still some shortcomings that need to socialize the officers who are less supportive of the SIMRS that is the need for motivation and assistance to users who have difficulty. Because remembering one of the benefits of SIMRS the SIM will accelerate and improve the accuracy of the transaction because everything is recorded and communicated between various units.

Chimamanda Adichie’s Americanah has received a wide range of criticisms from feminist, postcolonial, even from psychoanalytic perspectives, etc., but not really from the New Historicist evaluation which usually offers the opportunity for a panoramic historical interpretations of literary texts. Such interpretations usually enable readers to have a broader understanding of some vital actual historical developments being fictionalized in a literary text to learn from the mistakes of the past with regard to certain actions of individuals and institutions in society. In an attempt to achieve this, the study establishes the relationship between the characters, settings, incidents, and even some discourses created and represented in the novel with factual historical and contemporary political figures and issues related to them. The crystallizing issues from the author’s literary searchlight in this regard principally border on former President Obasanjo’s controversial privatization programme, General Babangida’s political and economic maradonism, particularly his IMF/SAP-inflicted economic sores and sufferings and the historically suspicious plane crash under his administration, as well as several other sensitive and indicting issues associated with dictatorship, ethnicity and racism, among others. The study maintains that as an insightful creative writer and a reminder of history, Adichie dutifully stands on the watchtower of society, remembering and making certain significant indictments with the instrumentality of her novelistic art in focus, and that such representations can only be said to be fruitful or serve their cardinal intent when individuals in society learn from them and avoid recurrences.

Where We Read Surely Matters as Much as What We Read. As Embodied Readers, How Can it Not? How Can We Not Bring Our experience of our own place in the world to the fictional places in which we also reside? If you are like me, you take pleasure in remembering where you were when you read a particular novel and, in retrospect, how your location infiltrated your reading, never mind how different and distant the fictional place was in which you were simultaneously situated. Sometimes your reading so matches your actual location that you find yourself wondering, like Don Quixote, which is which. This was my experience in Macondo. To be accurate, my Macondo was (and is) Quimbaya, a village in the departamento (department or province) of El Quindío in Colombia, two hundred and fifty kilometers south of Medellín and ninety kilometers south of Manizales, a coffee-growing region on the western slopes of the central Andean cordillera. Quimbaya is named for the indigenous peoples who once occupied the region and produced intricate gold artifacts using the lost-wax method. Macondo and Quimbaya so mirrored each other that when I first read Cien años de soledad (One Hundred Years of Solitude) in 1969 in Quimbaya, two years after its publication, I experienced the kind of “delirio hermenéutico” ‘hermeneutic delirium’ to which the Buendías are so often apt—for me, an experience of magical realism avant la lettre. How might I have understood this novel, this world, had I not been living there?

This paper is a reflection on a number of theatre performances held in Singapore, each of which probed problematic or traumatic historical events occurring either in Singapore itself or in other parts of Southeast Asia. These avant-garde performances were inspired by or built around actual testimonies of individuals in ways which, for this author, suggest a striking fluidity in the boundaries between testimony and performance, one that raises difficult questions about performance ethics and the processes by which collective memories are shaped. The plays also made use of visual media: one had been recorded on video while others incorporated photographic and video materials into the actual performance. At the time I witnessed these plays, I had already become interested in the way that, over the course of the twentieth century, documentary films had come to play an increasingly important role in the recording of testimony concerning traumatic events. Testimony on film, I have argued, functions simultaneously as evidential trace, and as performative event. Films of testimony develop their own trajectories as they enter into the realms of public remembering. They preserve and extend the record of personal experiences, thereby adding them to the pool of collective memory about an event. Theatrical performances, too, develop their own trajectories through repetition, as Marvin Carlson's statement (cited above) suggests. But what exactly might be different when testimony is performed as drama before a live audience? What are the purposes of such performances, and what might be their possible effects upon both participants and audiences? Is the trace left by a live theatre performance inevitably more ephemeral than those captured on film, or might it be in some respects even more powerful? These are some of the questions I raise – without necessarily being able to present definitive answers – in what follows. I conclude by arguing that in the Singapore context, because censorship laws place very specific constraints on the making of documentary films with openly political content, in recent years theatre has been able to offer a slightly greater space than film as a medium for critical reflection. How theatre directors and actors have tried to use this space is a subject correspondingly deserving of our close attention.

The memoir, WARCHILD: A child soldier’s story (Jal 2009), though written several years after the author-narrator’s experience, claims its authority from the child soldier’s forced participation in a war of persecution that is narratively reworked in the child’s imagination as a war of the liberation of South Sudan. This article aims to explore what happens to historical fact when the narrative shifts from the testimony of a child witness to the narrative archived in the form of memoir. Agamben (1999) seeks to explain this lacuna and his idea of the aporia at the core of narrative of testimony in memoir is useful in revealing how in a written account of the self, ‘reality exceeds its factual elements’. Young (1988, 23) amplifies the paradox of ‘factual testimony’, such as memoir, and indicates that this genre cannot achieve the ‘convincing factual authority’ that it wishes to establish because of the ever present ‘anxieties of displacement of events by their own texts’. Thus, the trauma experienced by the child soldier is a result of ‘double dying’ (Rosenfeld 1980) as he witnesses the actual physical dying and death of fellow child soldiers, as much as the death of an authentic account of self in war, produced when fictional metaphors threaten to obliterate raw experience. The article argues that metaphor’s propensity to usurp historical fact is the basis upon which the narrative of the child soldier’s trauma becomes the condition of possibility of remembering and recording both historical facts and the meaning of desecration and liberation.

In buildings, the HVAC systems are responsible for a major part of the energy consumption. Incorrect design or selection of the system and improper installation, operation, and maintenance of the systems’ elements may result in increased energy consumption. It is worth remembering that the main aim of the appropriate system is to maintain the high quality of the indoor environment. Appropriate selection of the HVAC solution ensures both thermal and quality parameters of the air, independently of the internal and external heat loads. The microclimate of a room is affected not only by air temperature, humidity, and purity, but also by air velocity in the occupied zone. The proper air velocity distribution prevents discomfort, particularly at workstations. Based on the measurements in the office building, an analysis of velocity profiles of air supplying two different types of linear diffusers was carried out. The analysis was made based on the results of measurements performed with thermoanemometers in the actual facility. During the study, temperature of the supply air was lower that the air in the room. Analysis was focused on the airflow fluctuation and its impact on the users’ comfort. This is an obvious topic but extremely rarely mentioned in publications related to air diffusers. The results show the importance of air fluctuation and its influence on the users’ comfort. During the measurements, the instantaneous air velocity for one of the analyzed types of the diffuser was up to 0.34 m/s, while the average value from the period of 240 s for the same measuring point was relatively low: it was 0.19 m/s. Only including the airflow variability over time allowed for choosing the type of diffuser, which ensures the comfort of users. The measurements carried out for two linear diffusers showed differences in the operation of these diffusers. The velocity in the occupied zone was much higher for one type (0.36 m/s, 3.00 m from diffusers) than for another one (0.22 m/s, 5.00 m from diffusers). The improper selection of the diffuser’s type and its location may increase the risk of the draft in the occupied zone.

Introduction: Emergency medicine (EM) is characterized by one time patient encounters where the end diagnosis is often unknown. Seeking patient outcome feedback, (POF) which is defined as following a patient’s clinical course once they leave your care, is crucial as it can highlight a discord between an intended verses actual result, thus spurring clinical change. This study seeks to determine whether EM staff and residents currently seek POF, the types of patients followed and the barriers faced. Methods: An online survey was administered to all EM staff and residents (CCFP-EM and FRCP) working at a tertiary academic hospital to determine their current practices and attitudes towards POF. Results: A total of 72 responses were received, of which 41 were residents and 31 were staff, for an overall response rate of 95%. If feedback was sought, the most commonly used tools were looking up imaging results (52%) and talking to EM colleagues (42%). The patients most frequently followed were those with a poor outcome during their ED admission, sick patients with unclear final diagnosis or unplanned returns within 48 hours (55%, 58%, 34% respectively). However, up to 30% of respondents never or rarely sought out POF even in these situations (16%, 19% and 30% respectively). Patients least commonly followed were those where the diagnosis was more certain. Respondents identified many barriers, primarily being time (83%), not being notified about bouncebacks (79%) and remembering which patients to follow (70%). Barriers were amplified for residents as they had a harder time accessing or automatically receiving POF. The most useful tools not currently available, would be being able to easily create electronic tracking lists, being automatically sent discrepant imaging reports and automatic notification of patients who return to the ED within 48hrs. Also, automatic follow up information on patients who experienced a negative outcome or on sick patients with unclear diagnosis is desired. Conclusion: POF is a useful and crucial practice for clinical care, but is currently not often performed. The most commonly used tools are those that are easiest to access, and POF was mainly performed on patients with either negative results or unclear diagnoses. Thus, identifying the types of patients deemed most relevant for receiving POF and addressing the major barriers faced by clinicians can help improve the frequency with which POF is sought, potentially improving patient care.

Relevance of the study. Intermedial studies are an important part of modern humanities requiring literary and music studies to reprofile and set new objectives. Literary studies occupy a principal place in developing theoretical frameworks and categories of intermediality, which, as relevant papers show, are widely used by music studies. Interdisciplinary studies are particularly promising in this respect as they not only promote a more profound look into problematic musical and literary complexes but also contribute to the self-establishment of both disciplines under new media conditions. Artistic literature serves as material for discovering musical and literary connections while relying on music studies achievements. The creativity of the Austrian writer Gert Jonke (1946–2009), in particular, offers narrative strategies and inter-artistic concepts through which the writer ensures the auditory dimension of a work of literature. Research novelty lies in the specification of music and literary connections as a textual performance focusing on the embodiment of music. Research objective is to identify the main trends in contemporary musical and literary intermedial studies and, within this framework, conduct an analysis of the theatre sonata Gentle Rage or the Ear Engineer (“Sanftwut oder Der Orenmaschinist”, 1990) by Gert Jonke, stressing upon the concept of the body as an intermedium. Research methodology consists of a description of the underlying principles of mediality applied to the analysis of Gert Jonke’s drama. Results and conclusions. During the 2020 Ludwig van Beethoven anniversary year, Gert Jonke’s theatre sonata Gentle Rage or the Ear Engineer became a particularly important element of remembering-understanding the artist’s creativity. The works of the Austrian writer are notable for their particular sonority. One of the central motives is that of a head which is associated with the stage where thoughts and sounds unfold practically at the same time. The presence of sounds belongs to the sphere of contrived — it exists in the head (consequently, on stage). From an intermedial perspective, the theatre sonata Gentle Rage or the Ear Engineer (according to Beethoven’s intentions of ideal performance) emerges as a concert in which the sounds are transmitted with the help of digital piano at the moments when the monologs of the protagonist change dialogues. The sounds of sonata rendered by the electronic instruments translate the imagined music in Beethoven’s head to acoustic material, while the dramatic text is simultaneously interpreting the play with its own means. The abstract sonata conceived in mind transforms into an actual acoustic image during its staging, embodied in and through the figure of Beethoven. It is apparent that Gert Jonke considers the auditory experience of recipients and appeals to it using specific moods, harmonies, dissonances, and tempo markings. The central concept of the body as an intermedium relies on musicological musings about the effect of deafness on Beethoven’s late creativity. It is closely connected to certain aspects of interpretation of his late works (absolute music, the opposition of light and darkness).

The article deals with the analysis of Russia’s politics towards other nations, which can be classified as genocide politics. A consistent and purposeful strategy is being followed to capture the territorial, resource and cultural heritage of Veliky Novgorod and Ukraine. In both cases, actions, which were brought to the autochthonous population, was classified as genocide by UN documents. These actions were occurred more than once and were carried out against the Slovenes in the XV-XVII centuries, and against the Ukrainians — in the XVI-XXI. The purpose of Russia is to enhance its geopolitical and civilizational status, by means of violence and appropriation, by objects — of any ethnic group, which hinder its imperial ambitions. The scientific search was conducted by the methods of historical reconstruction, political analysis and demographic approaches. The historical reconstruction avoids the one-sided, distorted interpretation of the events of the past, and uses all existing completeness of actual material to restore the true course of events. The methods of political analysis relate, first of all, to the definition of the role and importance of administrative decisions in determining the strategic priorities of state development. Demographic approaches allow us to see the historical dynamics of changes in the quantity of a particular ethnic group, including the possibility of detecting negative fluctuating factors in this process. It has been demonstrated that the ethno-cultural community, known as the «Russian people», fulfil the criteria that Lev Gumilev proposed to define as «bizarre ethnicities» that parasitize on someone else’s resource — both human and natural. That is why the fate of the conquered land and its inhabitants-autochthonous interests them only from the consumer point of view. The negative consequences for the subjugated side are obvious: humanity is doomed to extinction or either depreciation, and the natural environment to systematic degradation and irreversible changes. It is easy to be convinced by remembering the unhappy history — not life, but animal life — hundreds of people in Russia, their disapperance and extinction, and the acquisition — by those, who survive — humiliating status of «small» nations of Siberia, the Far East and the North. However, the invader himself is defeated in the strategic perspective, because constant parasitism discourage any stimulus for his own socio-economic evolution. It is summarized that the strategic priority in Moscow’s politics towards the true creators and heirs of the heritage of ancient Russia was and will always be the practice of genocide — the systematic and consistent destruction of Slovenes and Ukrainians. These actions were performed to capture the territorial, resource and cultural achievements of these nations with their complete destruction or degradation (of surviving remains), elimination of their identities. These actions are completely fall under the description of the genocide definiton in UN documents as actions which are intended to destroy a particular ethnic group. The current hybrid war, implemented by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, is a manifestation and continuation of its centuries-old strategy against Ukrainian nation in order to deprive them of their physical and civilizational existence.

The article deals with the analysis of Russia’s politics towards other nations, which can be classified as genocide politics. A consistent and purposeful strategy is being followed to capture the territorial, resource and cultural heritage of Veliky Novgorod and Ukraine. In both cases, actions, which were brought to the autochthonous population, was classified as genocide by UN documents. These actions were occurred more than once and were carried out against the Slovenes in the XV-XVII centuries, and against the Ukrainians — in the XVI-XXI. The purpose of Russia is to enhance its geopolitical and civilizational status, by means of violence and appropriation, by objects — of any ethnic group, which hinder its imperial ambitions. The scientific search was conducted by the methods of historical reconstruction, political analysis and demographic approaches. The historical reconstruction avoids the one-sided, distorted interpretation of the events of the past, and uses all existing completeness of actual material to restore the true course of events. The methods of political analysis relate, first of all, to the definition of the role and importance of administrative decisions in determining the strategic priorities of state development. Demographic approaches allow us to see the historical dynamics of changes in the quantity of a particular ethnic group, including the possibility of detecting negative fluctuating factors in this process. It has been demonstrated that the ethno-cultural community, known as the «Russian people», fulfil the criteria that Lev Gumilev proposed to define as «bizarre ethnicities» that parasitize on someone else’s resource — both human and natural. That is why the fate of the conquered land and its inhabitants-autochthonous interests them only from the consumer point of view. The negative consequences for the subjugated side are obvious: humanity is doomed to extinction or either depreciation, and the natural environment to systematic degradation and irreversible changes. It is easy to be convinced by remembering the unhappy history — not life, but animal life — hundreds of people in Russia, their disapperance and extinction, and the acquisition — by those, who survive — humiliating status of «small» nations of Siberia, the Far East and the North. However, the invader himself is defeated in the strategic perspective, because constant parasitism discourage any stimulus for his own socio-economic evolution. It is summarized that the strategic priority in Moscow’s politics towards the true creators and heirs of the heritage of ancient Russia was and will always be the practice of genocide — the systematic and consistent destruction of Slovenes and Ukrainians. These actions were performed to capture the territorial, resource and cultural achievements of these nations with their complete destruction or degradation (of surviving remains), elimination of their identities. These actions are completely fall under the description of the genocide definiton in UN documents as actions which are intended to destroy a particular ethnic group. The current hybrid war, implemented by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, is a manifestation and continuation of its centuries-old strategy against Ukrainian nation in order to deprive them of their physical and civilizational existence.

Peer review is widely accepted as the hallmark of scholarly, scientific publication. It helps journal editors determine whether research conclusions are justified and “new,” gives them an idea of the potential or actual significance of a work1 and adds a “human judgment” element to the academic process while lightening their workload.2 Ideally, this results in a “decision that is constructive, transparent, timely and fair,”1 and that will enhance the final writing product.3 Journals use peer review because it serves as a quality control filter for scholarly information.4 More papers are churned out than can be printed, and the peer review process can weed out fraud and eliminate “bad” science, pseudoscience and harmful science, thereby upholding ethical standards.2,4 Peer review also serves as a mechanism for improving manuscripts; it promotes originality, academic rigor and improves the critical thinking and writing skills of authors, reviewers and editors.3 It reduces bias and improves the quality of published articles.3 The peer review process bestows a collegial stamp of approval on a manuscript and bestows an aura of “quality.”4 However, as Dominy and Bhatt4 point out, there are famous papers that were published and did NOT get peer reviewed (including Watson & Crick’s 1951 letter on the structure of DNA in nature, Abdus Salam’s 1968 paper on weak and electromagnetic interactions that led to the Nobel Prize, and Alan Sokal’s 1996 hoax now known as the Sokal Affair). There are also famous papers that were published and passed peer review, but later proved to be fraudulent (including Jan Hendrik Schon’s 15 papers from 1998-2001 in Science and Nature and Igor and Grichka Bogdanov’s 1999 and 2002 theoretical physics papers “believed by many to be jargon-rich nonsense”).4 Perhaps most telling are the famous papers that got rejected and later turned out to be seminal works (including Krebs and Johnson’s “1937 paper on the role of citric acid on metabolism” … “rejected by Nature as being of ‘insufficient importance’ – “now known as the Krebs Cycle” and “recognized with a Nobel prize in 1953).4 Peer review is clearly not infallible; but its benefits still far outweigh its flaws. This greatly depends on the quality of reviewers and on the system of peer review. Our journal utilizes a double-blinded multi-stage review system that allows reviewers to judge, and authors to respond and revise, manuscripts. This system presumes that reviewers are experts in their chosen field, and are able to provide an “unbiased opinion on the quality, timeliness and relevance of the submitted manuscript.”5 Reviewers have four responsibilities – to the editor and journal, to his/her specialty or subspeciality, to patients and study subjects, and to the author.5 The responsibility to the editor and journal means reviewers are responsible for protecting the reputation of the journal, as well as the integrity of their specialty/subspecialty, their area of expertise and profession. Reviewers, therefore, should “make sure rubbish does not get published.”5 Reviewers are also responsible for protecting the welfare of subjects, both human and animal. Finally, reviewers should ensure a fair treatment of the authors’ manuscript, remembering that all manuscripts are the private property of authors and highly privileged communications.5 They should never publicly discuss the authors’ work, or steal their ideas before publication. Public discussion includes soliciting opinions on the manuscript from others, including postings on internet discussion groups. Stealing ideas can range from plagiarism to intellectual property and patent theft. Such misconduct is of a higher order, because of the authority of the reviewer. Inadvertent breach of confidentiality, while unintended, has the same consequences for the author. To further ensure confidentiality, reviewers should destroy copies of the reviewed manuscript after completing the review, to prevent such copies from falling into the wrong hands. Reviewers should try to make the manuscript better, providing helpful suggestions for improvement, even if the manuscript is rejected.5 Needless to say, they should be familiar with the journal and its requirements, including its instructions to authors, types of papers published, journal style, and standards of the journal. They should also understand the basics of the peer-review process. Such understanding can be facilitated through formal training, complemented by actual review experience. In general, a manuscript review consists of comments to the editor, and comments to authors. The confidential comments to the editor should include a conflict of interest disclosure of any real or potential matters that may result in a biased review.3 If in doubt, it is better to inform the editor.5 Confidential comments to the editor are “not forwarded to the authors, and may include a ‘bottom line’ summary, hunches, ethical concerns.”3 A suggested disposition (accept, minor revisions, major revisions, reject) is part of these comments. The comments to authors start with a “summary of key findings, validity and value to readers.”3 These are followed by general comments on “relevance to mission, internal validity, external validity, level of evidence and ethical conduct”3 as well as major strengths and weaknesses5 The review may then give specific comments by section (title, abstract and keywords, introduction, methods, results, discussion and conclusion, references)5 or by specific page, paragraph and line number.3 A concluding paragraph summarizes “key positive and negative comments without any statement of recommended disposition.”3 The actual structure and contents of the review will also vary depending on type of scientific article reviewed. Various organizations, including the Philippine Council for Health Research and Development and the Philippine Society of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery organize workshops on Medical Writing for authors, as well as workshops on Peer Review for reviewers. Reviewing for local and international journals further enhances the knowledge, skills and attitudes of the reviewer. As with our other roles as clinicians, scientists, leaders, and researchers, that of educator, mentor and peer-reviewer needs adequate training and experience. We invite our reviewers to make good use of such opportunities to acquire knowledge, hone their skills and develop appropriate attitudes that will enable them to take on the great privilege and responsibility of reviewing the unpublished work of others.

Background: Frontline treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL) yields high response rates, but most patients relapse. In addition, response rates and duration of response have historically declined with subsequent treatments. These factors make management of this disease challenging. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine if an online, simulation-based continuing medical education (CME) intervention could improve clinical decision making of hematologists/oncologists (hem/oncs) regarding treatment selection for relapsed/refractory (R/R) FL. Description of Intervention: A CME certified virtual patient simulation (VPS) was made available via a website dedicated to continuous professional development. The VPS consisted of 2 cases of R/R FL presented in a platform that allows hem/oncs to assess the patients and make diagnostic and therapeutic decisions supported by an extensive database of diagnostic and treatment possibilities, matching the scope and depth of actual practice. Case 1: Patient with FL who failed 2 prior lines of therapy (R-CHOP, bendamustine/obinutuzumab), past medical history (PMH) well controlled hypertension and poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, presenting with constitutional symptoms and needs 3rd line treatment. Case 2: Patient with FL who failed 2 prior lines of therapy (bendamustine/rituximab, lenalidomide/rituximab), PMH well controlled atrial fibrillation and ulcerative colitis, patient requests intravenous therapy because he has trouble remembering to take oral medications. Methods: Clinical decisions were analyzed using a sophisticated decision engine, and tailored clinical guidance (CG) employing up-to-date evidence-base and faculty recommendations was provided after each decision. Decisions were collected post-CG and compared with each user's baseline (pre-CG) decisions using McNemar's test to determine p-values (P < .05 indicates significance). Data were collected between 11/20/19 and 2/19/20. Results: At the time of assessment, 154 hem/oncs who made clinical decisions were included in the analysis. From pre- to post-CG in the VPS, hem/oncs were more likely to make evidence-based practice decisions in: -Diagnosing patients with relapsed FL: 55% pre-CG and 73% post-CG (P < 0.001) -Starting an appropriate treatment for a patient with R/R FL ----Case 1: Ordering idelalisib: 7% pre-CG and 33% post-CG (P < 0.001) ----Case 1: Ordering lenalidomide + rituximab: 6% pre-CG and 28% post-CG (P < 0.001) ----Case 1: Ordering duvelisib: 2% pre-CG and 9% post-CG (P < 0.001) ----Case 2: Ordering copanlisib: 32% pre-CG and 73% post-CG (P < 0.001) The top rationales for selecting an appropriate treatment option were: recommended by guidelines, convenience of administration route, better efficacy compared to other agents, and best option based on patient comorbidities. Other relevant concomitant therapies ordered were consult for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, consult for stem cell transplant, radiation therapy, refer to a clinical trial, and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis (Figure 1). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that VPS that immerses and engages hem/oncs in an authentic and practical learning experience improved evidence-based clinical decisions related to the management of R/R FL. This VPS increased the percentage of heme/oncs who correctly diagnosed R/R FL and selected an appropriate treatment option. This study indicates that unique educational methodologies and platforms, which are available on-demand, can be effective tools for promoting guideline-based therapy selection and clinical decision making. Acknowledgement: This CME activity was supported by an independent educational grant from Bayer, Celgene Corporation, and Verastem Oncology. Jake Cohen contributed to data analysis for this research. Reference: https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/915986 Figure Disclosures Cohen: Janssen, Adicet, Astra Zeneca, Genentech, Aptitude Health, Cellectar, Kite/Gilead, Loxo: Consultancy; Genentech, BMS, Novartis, LAM, BioInvent, LRF, ASH, Astra Zeneca, Seattle Genetics: Research Funding.

Dolgozatunkban különbözo pszichológiai gondolatrendszerek keretében próbáltuk meg értelmezni a prousti önkéntelen emlékezés pillanataihoz kapcsolódó jellegzetes idoélményt, melynek során a fáradtság vagy rossz közérzet nyomasztó állapotában egy apró, jelentéktelennek tuno érzékletes inger hatására váratlanul újra megjelenik egy régi élmény, megdöbbento élességgel, túláradó örömérzet kíséretében. Proust olyan kiváltságos pillanatokhoz vélt jutni az önkéntelen emlékezés által, melyekben a múlt tapasztalatai a tudatos én és a tudatos emlékezet szelektáló és torzító hatásait megkerülve tárulnak fel. Ezáltal az önkéntelen emlékezet a dolgok valódi, állandó természetét mutatja meg. Kohut értelmezésében a prousti idoélmény, melyben az elbeszélo szinte egy idoben él át két, idoben nyilvánvalóan távol eso pillanatot, azért jelentos, mert bizonyítékot szolgáltat az írónak folytonos, történetiséggel bíró pszichológiai létezésérol, s ezáltal ingatag selfjének koherenciáját erosíti. Sands szerint Proust éppenhogy egy töredékes, ámde szélsoségesen pozitív self-érzést próbál visszanyerni, mely az idealizált anyával való szimbiotikus kapcsolathoz tartozik, s az anya halála után csak az önkéntelen emlékezés révén élheto újra. Chankin a híres madeleine-epizódból kiindulva az önkéntelen emlékezést, s a belole eredo asszociációfüzéreket, a traumatikus gyermekkort elrejto fedoemlékek feloldási kísérleteként értelmezi, mely az író azon alapvetobb törekvésébe ágyazódik, hogy múltja igazságainak felkutatásával megszilárdítsa identitását. Magunk próbálkoztunk meg a prousti idoélmény Melanie Klein elmélete alapján történo elemzésével. Ebben a keretben az önkéntelen emlékezést olyan átmeneti és részleges regresszió révén kialakult állapotként ismertük fel, melyben egy pillanatra újra feléled az idealizált résztárgy és az örömteli részén primitív, preverbális, a paranoid-szkizoid pozíciónak megfelelo élménye, s a valóság aktuális, tudatos észleletével interferálva kompromisszumképzodményt hoz létre. Swartz új szempontot vet fel, amikor a prousti idoélményt regresszív vagy közelpatológiás állapotok helyett a személyiségfejlodést, az önmegvalósítást elosegíto transzcendens élményekként értelmezi, melyek lehetové teszik, hogy egy másfajta tapasztalás szintjére lépve újszeru összefüggéseket tárjunk fel a világról és önmagunkról. Noha az elemzésekhez helyenként kritikai észrevételeket is fuzünk, nem vitás, hogy mindegyik releváns szempontokat tár fel az énélmény és az emlékezet összefüggéseirol.In this contribution we have tried to explain Proust's characteristic time-experience connected to the acts of involuntary memory, in the scope of different psychological theories. During moments in the depressing state of tiredness or discomfort unexpectedly an old experience comes back with shocking sharpness and a flood of joy elicited by an effect of a trivial, seemingly insignificant sensory stimulus. Proust thought that by involuntary memory he could obtain moments when past experiences revealed their truth avoiding the selection and distortion of the conscious ego and conscious memory. The writer believes that involuntary memory shows the real and permanent essence of things. According to Kohut's explanation the proustian time-experience in which the narrator feels himself in two chronologically distant moments at the same time is significant because it provides evidence about the historically continuous psychological existence of the writer, thus helps him to maintain the coherence of his weak self. Sands argues that Proust wants to regain a particular but extremely positive self-experience which belongs to the symbiotic relationship with the idealized mother, and which can be revived only by involuntary memory after the mother's death. Chankin takes the famous Madeleine-scene as a starting point and explains the involuntary memory and the association chains derived from it as an attempt to resolve the screen memory which hides the traumatic childhood. This striving is embedded in Proust's deeper endeavour to solidify his identity by exploring his real past. We have made our own effort to explain the proustian time-experience on the basis of Melanie Klein's theory. In this framework the moments of involuntary memory can be recognized as a partial and temporary regressive state in which the primitive preverbal experience of the relationship between the idealized part-object and the joyful part-self (which is a characteristic of the paranoid-schizoid position) revives for a moment and forms a compromise by interfering with the actual conscious perception of the reality. Swartz presents a new aspect since he regards the proustian involuntary remembering as a transcendent experience (instead of a regressive or near-pathological state) which advances the process of personality development and individuation by showing new relations of things and the perceiving subject from a different level of perception. While we made some critical remarks on the discussions, there is no doubt that all of them reveal relevant aspects of the relation between memory and self-experience.

This article explores how partners keep the conversation going with people living with dementia (PLWD) when speaking about shared memories. Remembering is important for PLWD and their families. Indeed, memory loss is often equated with identity loss. In conversation, references to shared past events (co-rememberings) can occasion interactional trouble if memories cannot be mutually recalled. This article analyses partners’ interactional practices that enable progressivity in conversations about shared memories with a PLWD. In previous research, both informal and formal carers have reported that they can find interacting with PLWD difficult. Identifying practices used by partners is one way to begin addressing those difficulties. Analytical findings are based on over 26 hours of video data from domestic settings where partners have recorded their interactions with their spouse/close friend who is living with dementia. The focus is on 14 sequences of conversation about shared memories. We show how particular practices (candidate answers, tag questions and single-party memory of a shared event) structure the interaction to facilitate conversational progression. When partners facilitate conversational progressivity, PLWD are less likely to experience stalls in conversation. Our findings suggest the actual recall of memory is less relevant than the sense of shared connection resulting from the conversational activity of co-remembering, aiding maintenance of individual and shared identities. These findings have relevance for wider care settings.

The present article deals with the concept of domain name, its protection and conflicts arising out of malafide registration of the same. Before proceeding further, it is important to give a brief on what domain names are. A domain name is an actual name given to an Internet Protocol and has every qualification of identification. Since Internet protocols are complex combination of alpha numeric values, the domain names makes the identification process of a network easy to remember. For example, remembering ‘humans’ is easier than ‘homo sapiens’ and convenient also. Similarly remembering ‘www.google.com’ is easier than ‘64.233.191.255’ . In later part of the research registration of domain names have been discussed in detail. In case of use of such registered domain name by third party unauthorizedly will amount to offence. The researcher has further thrown light on conflicts arising out of such unauthorized use and the judicial pronouncements towards the same. At the end various findings and suggestions regarding better dispute resolution system has been discussed.

Abstract This article focuses on one section of the former Iron Curtain between Hungary and Austria that incorporates diverse memory events after the political change in 1989. The article concentrates on the Hungarian region during the last nearly three decades and investigates the actors and the memories of the former historic period, which show a uniquely diverse set of realizations. Among others, two private museums about the Iron Curtain (established and managed by two former border guards) and a memorial park (commemorating only one day, established and managed by a civil organization) in comparison to the official narrative presented in the last room of the permanent exhibition at the Hungarian National Museum in the capital are subjects of this investigation. Besides the actual memory places and the actors (those who initiated, maintain, and visit these memory spots), their relationship and role in the formation of the regional identity are also analyzed. As theoretical background, the connection between heritage, museum, and memory; the notion of post-Soviet nostalgia; authenticity; and the importance of time are activated for the analysis and to disentangle the complexity of the chosen case study.

AbstractThe concept of celebrity culture remains remarkably undertheorized in the literature, and it is precisely this gap that this article aims to begin filling in. Starting with media culture definitions, celebrity culture is conceptualized as collections of sense-making practices whose main resources of meaning are celebrity. Consequently, celebrity cultures are necessarily plural. This approach enables us to focus on the spatial differentiation between (sub)national celebrity cultures, for which the Flemish case is taken as a central example. We gain a better understanding of this differentiation by adopting a translocal frame on culture and by focusing on the construction of celebrity cultures through the ‘us and them’ binary and communities. Finally, it is also suggested that what is termed cultural working memory improves our understanding of the remembering and forgetting of actual celebrities, as opposed to more historical figures captured by concepts such as cultural memory.

Memory-guided predictions can improve event comprehension by guiding attention and the eyes to the location where an actor is about to perform an action. But when events change, viewers may experience predictive-looking errors and need to update their memories. In two experiments ( Ns = 38 and 98), we examined the consequences of mnemonic predictive-looking errors for comprehending and remembering event changes. University students watched movies of everyday activities with actions that were repeated exactly and actions that were repeated with changed features—for example, an actor reached for a paper towel on one occasion and a dish towel on the next. Memory guidance led to predictive-looking errors that were associated with better memory for subsequently changed event features. These results indicate that retrieving recent event features can guide predictions during unfolding events and that error signals derived from mismatches between mnemonic predictions and actual events contribute to new learning.

The political mobilisation of nostalgia is increasingly preoccupying social and political psychologists. A key concern is with rising populism and the use of an imagined golden past to foster threat through anti-EU and anti-immigrant sentiment. This article introduces two key concepts, anemoia – imagining a past not experienced – and prolepsis – how the past influences actions in the present aligned to future goals – to argue that actual recall of past biographical events potentially counters the influence of nostalgic rhetoric designed to influence political decision-making. The focus of this article is a single Scottish case study, Rachel, a member of the Silent Generation of citizens aged over 75 years, who have a living memory of World War II and its aftermath. A dialogical analysis was carried out identifying key I-positions and chronotopic analysis of the dialogical self, relating to experienced extreme childhood poverty and deprivation, anti-Semitism and limited mobility. This demonstrated how living through a historic event and its repercussions, rather than imagining a past not experienced, mitigates against nostalgia. This raises the question of how much mobilisation of the events of a glorious past and anxieties about the future rely upon the unexamined silence of those who recall those same events.

IntroductionAt hospital stroke units, the time available to assess the patient's limitations in activities and participation is limited, although being essential for discharge planning. Till date, there is no quick-to-perform instrument available that captures the patient's actual performance during daily activities from a motor, cognitive, and communication perspective within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. Therefore, the aim was to develop and validate a shortened version of the Lucerne ICF-Based Multidisciplinary Observation Scale (Short-LIMOS) that observes the patient's performance across ICF-domains and is applicable in the context of an acute stroke unit.MethodsThe Short-LIMOS was developed by reducing the original 45-item LIMOS to the ten most important items using a multivariable linear regression ANOVA with data of 836 stroke patients collected during inpatient neurorehabilitation. The Short-LIMOS's reliability, validity, and responsiveness were evaluated with data of 416 stroke patients in the acute stroke unit.ResultsA significant equation [F(10,825) = 232.083] with R2 of 0.738 was found for the following ten items for the Short-LIMOS: maintaining a body position (d415), changing basic body position (d410), climbing stairs (d4551), eating (d550), dressing (d540), communicating with—receiving—written messages (reading) (d325), applying knowledge, remembering facts (d179), solving complex problems (d1751), making simple decisions (d177), and undertaking a simple task (d2100). Principal component analysis revealed a Short-LIMOS motor and a Short-LIMOS cognition/communication component. The Short-LIMOS had a high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. A moderate construct validity was shown by the significant correlation with the Barthel Index. The Short-LIMOS had neither floor nor ceiling effects.Discussion and ConclusionThe developed Short-LIMOS was found to be reliable and valid within a population of (hyper)acute and subacute stroke patients. The added value of this multidisciplinary assessment is its comprehensiveness by capturing the patient's actual performance on the motor, cognitive, and communication domain embedded in an ICF-framework in <10 mins.

Abstract Background In view of the teaching characteristics of the motion system injury course and the actual clinical teaching. The orthopedic teaching team of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University took the lead in proposing the "Hand as Foot teaching method" and applied it in clinical teaching. Through this teaching method, students’ understanding and memorization of key and difficult issues in motion system injuries are strengthened, teacher-student interaction is increased, and teaching effect is improved. Methods The "Hand as Foot teaching method" was used to teach the key and difficult problems to the clinical undergraduate medical students of Inner Mongolia Medical University, and the teaching process was complemented by PPT + model teaching aids. Results The "Hand as Foot teaching method" is generally welcomed by medical students and has achieved good teacher-student interaction, and is effective in understanding and remembering difficult knowledge points. Conclusion The "Hand as Foot teaching method" is a novel teaching method that can be applied in clinical teaching. This image teaching method improves the teaching effect, enlivens the classroom atmosphere, and enhances the interaction between teachers and students, which makes students’ learning process from abstract to intuitive, from simple rote memorization to comprehension and memory, and achieves satisfactory results. It can complement each other with the traditional teaching method of pure PPT + teaching aids model, and to some extent it is worth promoting in the motion system injury courses.

This paper is part of a larger project exploring Australian literary responses to the Great War of 1914-1918. It draws on theories of embodiment, mourning, ritual and the recuperative potential of writing, together with a brief discussion of selected exemplars, to suggest that literary works of the period contain and lay bare a suite of creative, corporeal and social impulses, including resurrection, placation or stilling of ghosts, and formation of an empathic and duty-bound community. In Negotiating with the Dead, Margaret Atwood hypothesises that “all writing of the narrative kind, and perhaps all writing, is motivated, deep down, by a fear of and a fascination with mortality—by a desire to make the risky trip to the Underworld, and to bring something or someone back from the dead” (156). She asks an attendant question: “why should it be writing, over and above any other art or medium,” that functions this way? It is not only that writing acquires the appearance of permanence, by surviving “its own performance,” but also that some arts are transient, like dance, while others, like painting and sculpture and music, do “not survive as voice.” For Atwood, writing is a “score for voice,” and what the voice does mostly is tell stories, whether in prose or poetry: “Something unfurls, something reveals itself” (158). Writing, by this view, conjures, materialises or embodies the absent or dead, or is at least laden with this potential. Of course, as Katherine Sutherland observes, “representation is always the purview of the living, even when the order it constructs contains the dead” (202). She argues that all writing about death “might be regarded as epitaph or memorial; such writing is likely to contain the signs of ritual but also of ambiguity and forgetting” (204). Arguably writing can be regarded as participation in a ritual that “affirms membership of the collectivity, and through symbolic manipulation places the life of an individual within a much broader, sometimes cosmic, interpretive framework” (Seale 29), which may assist healing in relation to loss, even if some non-therapeutic purposes, such as restoration of social and political order, also lie behind both rites and writing. In a critical orthodoxy dating back to the 1920s, it has become accepted wisdom that the Australian literary response to the war was essentially nationalistic, “big-noting” ephemera, and thus of little worth (see Gerster and Caesar, for example). Consequently, as Bruce Clunies Ross points out, most Australian literary output of the period has “dropped into oblivion.” In his view, neglect of writings by First World War combatants is not due to its quality, “for this is not the only, or even the essential, condition” for consideration; rather, it is attributable to a “disjunction between the ideals enshrined in the Anzac legend and the experiences recorded or depicted” (170). The silence, we argue, also encompasses literary responses by non-combatants, many of whom were women, though limited space precludes consideration here of their particular contributions.Although poetry and fiction by those of middling or little literary reputation is not normally subject to critical scrutiny, it is patently not the case that there is no body of literature from the war period worthy of scholarly consideration, or that most works are merely patriotic, jingoistic, sentimental and in service of recruitment, even though these elements are certainly present. Our different proposition is that the “lost literatures” deserve attention for various reasons, including the ways they embody conflicting aims and emotions, as well as overt negotiations with the dead, during a period of unprecedented anguish. This is borne out by our substantial collection of creative writing provoked by the war, much of which was published by newspapers, magazines and journals. As Joy Damousi points out in The Labour of Loss, newspapers were the primary form of communication during the war, and never before or since have they dominated to such a degree; readers formed collective support groups through shared reading and actual or anticipated mourning, and some women commiserated with each other in person and in letters after reading casualty lists and death notices (21). The war produced the largest body count in the history of humanity to that time, including 60,000 Australians: none was returned to Australia for burial. They were placed in makeshift graves close to where they died, where possible marked by wooden crosses. At the end of the war, the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) was charged with the responsibility of exhuming and reinterring bodily remains in immaculately curated cemeteries across Europe, at Gallipoli and in the Middle East, as if the peace demanded it. As many as one third of the customary headstones were inscribed with “known unto God,” the euphemism for bodies that could not be identified. The CWGC received numerous requests from families for the crosses, which might embody their loved one and link his sacrificial death with resurrection and immortality. For allegedly logistical reasons, however, all crosses were destroyed on site. Benedict Anderson suggested the importance to nationalism of the print media, which enables private reading of ephemera to generate a sense of communion with thousands or millions of anonymous people understood to be doing likewise. Furthermore, Judith Herman demonstrates in Trauma and Recovery that sharing traumatic experience with others is a “precondition for the restitution of a sense of a meaningful world” (70). Need of community and restitution extends to the dead. The practices of burying the dead together and of returning the dead to their homeland when they die abroad speak to this need, for “in establishing a society of the dead, the society of the living regularly recreates itself” (Hertz qtd. in Searle 66). For Australians, the society of the dead existed elsewhere, in unfamiliar terrain, accentuating the absence inherent in all death. The society of the dead and missing—and thus of the living and wounded—was created and recreated throughout the war via available means, including literature. Writers of war-related poems and fiction helped create and sustain imagined communities. Dominant use of conventional, sometimes archaic, literary forms, devices, language and imagery indicates desire for broadly accessible and purposeful communication; much writing invokes shared grief, resolve, gratitude, and sympathy. Yet, in many stories and poems, there is also ambivalence in relation to sacrifice and the community of the dead.Speaking in the voice of the other is a fundamental task of the creative writer, and the ultimate other, the dead, gaze upon and speak to or about the living in a number of poems. For example, they might vocalise displeasure and plead for reinforcements, as, for example, in Ella M’Fadyen’s poem “The Wardens,” published in the Sydney Mail in 1918, which includes the lines: “Can’t you hear them calling in the night-time’s lonely spaces […] Can’t you see them passing […] Those that strove full strongly, and have laid their lives away?” The speaker hears and conveys the pleading of those who have given their breath in order to make explicit the reader’s responsibility to both the dead and the Allied cause: “‘Thus and thus we battled, we were faithful in endeavour;/Still it lies unfinished—will ye make the deed in vain?’” M’Fadyen focusses on soldierly sacrifice and “drafts that never came,” whereas a poem entitled “Your Country’s Call,” published in the same paper in 1915 by “An Australian Mother, Shirley, Queensland,” refers to maternal sacrifice and the joys and difficulties of birthing and raising her son only to find the country’s claims on him outweigh her own. She grapples with patriotism and resistance: “he must go/forth./Where? Why? Don’t think. Just smother/up the pain./Give him up quickly, for his country’s gain.” The War Precautions Act of October 1914 made it “illegal to publish any material likely to discourage recruiting or undermine the Allied effort” (Damousi 21), which undoubtedly meant that, to achieve publication, critical, depressing or negative views would need to be repressed or cast as inducement to enlist, though evidently many writers also sought to convince themselves as well as others that the cause was noble and the cost redeemable. “Your Country’s Call” concludes uncertainly, “Give him up proudly./You have done your share./There may be recompense—somewhere.”Sociologist Clive Seal argues that “social and cultural life involves turning away from the inevitability of death, which is contained in the fact of our embodiment, and towards life” (1). He contends that “grief for embodiment” is pervasive and perpetual and “extends beyond the obvious manifestations of loss by the dying and bereaved, to incorporate the rituals of everyday interaction” (200), and he goes so far as to suggest that if we recognise that our bodies “give to us both our lives and our deaths” then we can understand that “social and cultural life can, in the last analysis, be understood as a human construction in the face of death” (210). To deal with the grief that comes with “realisation of embodiment,” Searle finds that we engage in various “resurrective practices designed to transform an orientation towards death into one that points towards life” (8). He includes narrative reconstruction as well as funeral lament and everyday conversation as rituals associated with maintenance of the social bond, which is “the most crucial human motive” (Scheff qtd. in Searle 30). Although Seale does not discuss the acts of writing or of reading specifically, his argument can be extended, we believe, to include both as important resurrective practices that contain desire for self-repair and reorientation as well as for inclusion in and creation of an empathic moral community, though this does not imply that such desires can ever be satisfied. In “Reading,” Virginia Woolf reminds that “somewhere, everywhere, now hidden, now apparent in whatever is written down is the form of a human being” (28-29), but her very reminder assumes that this knowledge of embodiment tends to be forgotten or repressed. Writing, by its aura of permanence and resurrective potential, points towards life and connection, even as it signifies absence and disconnection. Christian Riegel explains that the “literary work of mourning,” whether poetry, fiction or nonfiction, often has both a psychic and social function, “partaking of the processes of mourning while simultaneously being a product for public reception.” Such a text is indicative of ways that societies shape and control responses to death, making it “an inherently socio-historical construct” (xviii). Jacques Derrida’s passionate and uneasy enactment of this labour in The Work of Mourning suggests that writing often responds to the death of a known person or their oeuvre, where each death changes and reduces the world, so that the world as one knew it “sinks into an abyss” (115). Of course, writing also wrestles with anonymous, large-scale loss which is similarly capable of shattering our sense of “ontological security” (Riegel xx). Sandra Gilbert proposes that some traumatic events cause “death’s door” to swing “so publicly and dramatically open that we can’t look away” (xxii). Derrida’s work of mourning entails imaginative revival of those he has lost and is a struggle with representation and fidelity, whereas critical silence in respect of the body of literature of the First World War might imply repeated turning from “grief for embodiment” towards myths of immortality and indebtedness. Commemorating the war dead might be regarded as a resurrective practice that forges and fortifies communities of the living, while addressing the imagined demands of those who die for their nation.Riegel observes that in its multiplicity of motivations and functions, the literary work of mourning is always “an attempt to make present that which is irrefutably lost, and within that paradoxical tension lies a central tenet of all writerly endeavour that deals with the representation of death” (xix). The literary work of mourning must remain incomplete: it is “always a limiting attempt at revival and at representation,” because words inevitably “fail to replace a lost one.” Even so, they can assist in the attempt to “work through and understand” loss (xix). But the reader or mourner is caught in a strange situation, for he or she inevitably scrutinises words not the body, a corpus not a corpse, and while this is a form of evasion it is also the only possibility open to us. Even so, Derrida might say that it is “as if, by reading, by observing the signs on the drawn sheet of paper, [readers are] trying to forget, repress, deny, or conjure away death—and the anxiety before death.” But he also concedes (after Sarah Kofman), that this process might involve “a cunning affirmation of life, its irrepressible movement to survive, to live on” (176), which supports Seale’s contention in relation to resurrective practices generally. Atwood points out that the dead have always made demands on the living, but, because there is a risk in negotiating with the dead, there needs to be good reason or reward for doing so. Our reading of war literature written by noncombatants suggests that in many instances writers seek to appease the unsettled dead whose death was meant to mean something for the future: the living owe the dead a debt that can only be paid by changing the way they live. The living, in other words, must not only remember the fallen, but also heed them by their conduct. It becomes the poet’s task to remind people of this, that is, to turn them from death towards life.Arthur H Adams’s 1918 poem “When the Anzac Dead Came Home,” published in the Bulletin, is based on this premise: the souls of the dead— the “failed” and “fallen”—drift uncertainly over their homeland, observing the world to which they cannot return, with its “cheerful throng,” “fair women swathed in fripperies,” and “sweet girls” that cling “round windows like bees on honeycomb.” One soul recognises a soldier, Steve, from his former battalion, a mate who kept his life but lost his arm and, after hovering for a while, again “wafts far”; his homecoming creates a “strange” stabbing pain, an ache in his pal’s “old scar.” In this uncanny scene, irreconcilable and traumatic knowledge expresses itself somatically. The poet conveys the viewpoint of the dead Anzac rather than the returned one. The living soldier, whose body is a site of partial loss, does not explicitly conjure or mourn his dead friend but, rather, is a living extension of his loss. In fact, the empathic connection construed by the poet is not figured as spectral orchestration or as mindful on the part of man or community; rather, it occurs despite bodily death or everyday living and forgetting; it persists as hysterical pain or embodied knowledge. Freud and Breuer’s influential Studies on Hysteria, published in 1895, raised the issue of mind/body relations, given its theory that the hysteric’s body expresses psychic trauma that she or he may not recollect: repressed “memories of aetiological significance” result in “morbid symptoms” (56). They posited that experience leaves traces which, like disinterred archaeological artefacts, inform on the past (57). However, such a theory depends on what Rousseau and Porter refer to as an “almost mystical collaboration between mind and body” (vii), wherein painful or perverse or unspeakable “reminiscences” are converted into symptoms, or “mnemic symbols,” which is to envisage the body as penetrable text. But how can memory return unbidden and in such effective disguise that the conscious mind does not recognise it as memory? How can the body express pain without one remembering or acknowledging its origin? Do these kinds of questions suggest that the Cartesian mind/body split has continued valency despite the challenge that hysteria itself presents to such a theory? Is it possible, rather, that the body itself remembers—and not just its own replete form, as suggested by those who feel the presence of a limb after its removal—but the suffering body of “the other”? In Adam’s poem, as in M’Fadyen’s, intersubjective knowledge subsists between embodied and disembodied subjects, creating an imagined community of sensation.Adams’s poem envisions mourning as embodied knowledge that allows one man to experience another’s pain—or soul—as both “old” and “strange” in the midst of living. He suggests that the dead gaze at us even as they are present “in us” (Derrida). Derrida reminds that ghosts occupy an ambiguous space, “neither life nor death, but the haunting of the one by the other” (41). Human mutability, the possibility of exchanging places in a kind of Socratic cycle of life and death, is posited by Adams, whose next stanzas depict the souls of the war dead reclaiming Australia and displacing the thankless living: blown to land, they murmur to each other, “’Tis we who are the living: this continent is dead.” A significant imputation is that the dead must be reckoned with, deserve better, and will not rest unless the living pay their moral dues. The disillusioned tone and intent of this 1918 poem contrasts with a poem Adams published in the Bulletin in 1915 entitled “The Trojan War,” which suggests even “Great Agamemnon” would “lift his hand” to honour “plain Private Bill,” the heroic, fallen Anzac who ventured forth to save “Some Mother-Helen sad at home. Some obscure Helen on a farm.” The act of war is envisaged as an act of birthing the nation, anticipating the Anzac legend, but simultaneously as its epitaph: “Upon the ancient Dardanelles New peoples write—in blood—their name.” Such a poem arguably invokes, though in ambiguous form, what Derrida (after Lyotard) refers to as the “beautiful death,” which is an attempt to lift death up, make it meaningful, and thereby foreclose or limit mourning, so that what threatens disorder and despair might instead reassure and restore “the body politic,” providing “explicit models of virtue” (Nass 82-83) that guarantee its defence and survival. Adams’ later poem, in constructing Steve as “a living fellow-ghost” of the dead Anzac, casts stern judgement on the society that fails to notice what has been lost even as it profits by it. Ideological and propagandist language is also denounced: “Big word-warriors still played the Party game;/They nobly planned campaigns of words, and deemed/their speeches deeds,/And fought fierce offensives for strange old creeds.” This complaint recalls Ezra Pound’s lines in Hugh Selwyn Mauberley about the dead who “walked eye-deep in hell/believing in old men’s lies, then unbelieving/came home, home to a lie/home to many deceits,/home to old lies and new infamy;/usury age-old and age-thick/and liars in public places,” and it would seem that this is the kind of disillusion and bitterness that Clunies Ross considers to be “incompatible with the Anzac tradition” (178) and thus ignored. The Anzac tradition, though quieted for a time, possibly due to the 1930s Depression, Second World War, Vietnam War and other disabling events has, since the 1980s, been greatly revived, with Anzac Day commemorations in Australia and at Gallipoli growing exponentially, possibly making maintenance of this sacrificial national mythology, or beautiful death, among Australia’s most capacious and costly creative industries. As we approach the centenary of the war and of Gallipoli, this industry will only increase.Elaine Scarry proposes that the imagination invents mechanisms for “transforming the condition of absence into presence” (163). It does not escape us that in turning towards lost literatures we are ourselves engaging in a form of resurrective practice and that this paper, like other forms of social and cultural practice, might be understood as one more human construction motivated by grief for embodiment.Note: An archive and annotated bibliography of the “Lost Literatures of the First World War,” which comprises over 2,000 items, is expected to be published online in 2015.References Adams, Arthur H. “When the Anzac Dead Came Home.” Bulletin 21 Mar. 1918.---. “The Trojan War.” Bulletin 20 May 1915.An Australian Mother. “Your Country’s Call.” Sydney Mail 19 May 1915.Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. 2nd ed. London: Verso, 1991.Atwood, Margaret. Negotiating with the Dead: A Writer on Writing. New York: Random House, 2002.Caesar, Adrian. “National Myths of Manhood: Anzac and Others.” The Oxford Literary History of Australia. Eds. Bruce Bennett and Jennifer Strauss. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998. 147-168.Clunies Ross, Bruce. “Silent Heroes.” War: Australia’s Creative Response. Eds. Anna Rutherford and James Wieland. West Yorkshire: Dangaroo Press, 1997. 169-181.Damousi, Joy. The Labour of Loss: Mourning, Memory and Wartime Bereavement in Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.Derrida, Jacques. The Work of Mourning. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.Freud, Sigmund, and Joseph Breuer. Studies on Hysteria. Pelican Freud Library. Vol. 3. Trans. and eds. James Strachey, Alix Strachey, and Angela Richards. London: Penguin, 1988.Gerster, Robin. Big Noting: The Heroic Theme in Australian War Writing. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1992.Gilbert, Sandra M. Death’s Door: Modern Dying and the Ways We Grieve. New York: W.W. Norton, 2006.Herman, Judith. Trauma and Recovery. New York: Basic Books, 1992. M’Fayden, Ella. “The Wardens.” Sydney Mail 17 Apr. 1918.Naas, Michael. “History’s Remains: Of Memory, Mourning, and the Event.” Research in Phenomenology 33 (2003): 76-96.Pound, Ezra. “Hugh Selwyn Mauberly.” iv. 1920. 19 June 2012. ‹http://www.archive.org/stream/hughselwynmauber00pounrich/hughselwynmauber00pounrich_djvu.txt›.Riegal, Christian, ed. Response to Death: The Literary Work of Mourning. Edmonton, Alberta: University of Alberta Press, 2005. Rousseau, G.S., and Roy Porter. “Introduction: The Destinies of Hysteria.” Hysteria beyond Freud. Ed. Sander L. Gilman, Helen King, Roy Porter, G.S. Rousseau, and Elaine Showalter. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.Scarry, Elaine. The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.Seale, Clive. Constructing Death: The Sociology of Dying and Bereavement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.Sutherland, Katherine. “Land of Their Graves: Maternity, Mourning and Nation in Janet Frame, Sara Suleri, and Arundhati Roy.” Riegel 201-16.Woolf, Virginia. Collected Essays Volume 2. London: Hogarth, 1966. 28-29.