Journal articles on the topic 'Activity-Based workspaces'
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1
Candido, Christhina, Leena Thomas, Shamila Haddad, Fan Zhang, Martin Mackey, and Wei Ye. "Designing activity-based workspaces: satisfaction, productivity and physical activity." Building Research & Information 47, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2018.1476372.
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Tucker, Andrea, Thierry Gidel, and Cédric Fluckiger. "Designing Physical-Digital Workspaces to Support Globally Collaborative Work." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.14.
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AbstractThis paper examines some aspects of physical-digital workspaces, focusing on multi-user, multi-touch technologies and how different workspaces impact collaboration. We introduce the concept of globally collaborative work. We chose to use case studies completed by groups of students in an engineering course to test different workspace modalities: the use of a large multi-touch table top in conjunction with a multi-touch board (vertical), the use of tablets with the multi-touch board, and finally the multi-touch board alone. The evaluation criteria are based on modes of interaction which emerge during globally collaborative work sessions: individual work, communication, coordination, cooperation and collaboration. We hypothesized that the workspaces would influence collaborative activity, expecting to see higher rates of collaboration in the table top environment than in the other two modalities studied. However, results showed less co-building and more cooperative work, as students divided their work and later attempted to negotiate a coherent product built on individual contributions. Lastly, we share a few design recommendations based on these results.
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Gerdenitsch, Cornelia, Christian Korunka, and Guido Hertel. "Need–Supply Fit in an Activity-Based Flexible Office: A Longitudinal Study During Relocation." Environment and Behavior 50, no. 3 (March 9, 2017): 273–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916517697766.
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Combinations of concentrated work and interactions are facilitated by office environments such as activity-based flexible offices (A-FOs). A-FOs are characterized by activity-based workspaces, an open-plan layout, and desk sharing. Although there is a growing enthusiasm for replacing cellular offices with A-FOs, the effects of such changes on office workers are still unclear. Within this three-wave longitudinal study, we investigated the changes (time lag of 1 and 8 months after the redesign) in perceived need–supply fit, distraction, interaction across teams, and workspace satisfaction during relocation from a cellular office to an A-FO. Moreover, as previous case studies indicated individual differences in the use of A-FOs, we considered participants’ perceived need–supply fit as a moderator indicating an appropriate use of A-FO supplies. We found a linear increase of perceived need–supply fit, a decrease in distraction, and a significant interaction effect where workspace satisfaction and interaction across teams increased more strongly for participants reporting a better perceived need–supply fit.
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van den Berg, Joris, Rianne Appel-Meulenbroek, Astrid Kemperman, and Marco Sotthewes. "Knowledge workers’ stated preferences for important characteristics of activity-based workspaces." Building Research & Information 48, no. 7 (February 23, 2020): 703–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2020.1726169.
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Budie, Bart, Rianne Appel-Meulenbroek, Astrid Kemperman, and Minou Weijs-Perree. "EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION WITH THE PHYSICAL WORK ENVIRONMENT: THE IMPORTANCE OF A NEED BASED APPROACH." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 23, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2019.6372.
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Employee satisfaction is pivotal for companies as it enhances perceived productivity and organizational performance. Office concepts and their workspaces can affect employee satisfaction. However, these effects are still ambiguous, particularly regarding the activity-based concept. Therefore, in this study employee satisfaction with the work environment is investigated from a holistic approach. The effects of both personal characteristics and workspaces used by the employee on work environment satisfaction are described and measured, including mediating effects of the perceived importance of employee needs. Data was collected using an online questionnaire among 327 employees of 13 knowledge-based organizations. Path analysis was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of personal variables, environmental variables and perceived importance of needs on satisfaction. It demonstrated that both personal and environmental variables affect satisfaction, and that a considerable number of these effects are indirect through the perceived importance of needs. In particular, the effects of used workspaces were extensive.
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Melyna, Melyna, Naniek Widayati Priyomarsono, and Fermanto Lianto. "Activity-Based Concept Towards Office Building in Jakarta." Advances in Civil Engineering and Sustainable Architecture 6, no. 1 (April 25, 2024): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/acesa.v6i1.14040.
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Post-COVID-19 pandemic work activities faced a readjustment, but work activities are now more flexible regarding place and time. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider current work activities, which are now based on the workers’ activities. Office buildings are a main physical factor in comfort and worker productivity. With an activity-based concept based on the worker’s activities, office building configuration is based on the needs of each worker at a time and consists of several types of workspaces. The research uses the multiple case study method to reassess the role of office buildings in current work activities. The design method used is Bernard Tschumi’s programming theory. The activity-based concept is structured based on elements of the physical work environment implemented in several types of work areas according to needs, with the most significant space configuration being the facility area.
7
Rücker, Marc, Tobias Eismann, Martin Meinel, and Kai-Ingo Voigt. "The Balancing Act between Privacy & Communication in Activity-based Workspaces: a Longitudinal Study." Academy of Management Proceedings 2021, no. 1 (August 2021): 10862. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.10862abstract.
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Šorgo, Andrej, Mateja Ploj Virtič, and Kosta Dolenc. "The Idea That Digital Remote Learning Can Happen Anytime, Anywhere in Forced Online Teacher Education is a Myth." Technology, Knowledge and Learning 28, no. 4 (September 23, 2023): 1461–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10758-023-09685-3.
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AbstractAn involuntary international experiment in which the entire student population was switched to digital remote learning due to the measures to stop COVID-19 put the paradigm of "anytime, anywhere learning" to the test. Online survey responses were obtained from 281 preservice primary and subject teachers. Using Structural Equation Modelling, connections were examined by inspection of path coefficients between constructs quality of personal digital technology, satisfaction, health, well-being, motivation, and physical activity. Problems with the quality of personal digital technology had a moderate influence on all constructs except motivation. Satisfaction influenced all constructs, well-being, and health the most. When comparing responses of the bottom and top third students based on the quality of personal digital technology, it was found that students who did not have the appropriate technology and workspace were less satisfied and suffered more. This is reflected in an increased incidence of problems related to health, well-being, and physical activity, along with a decrease in motivation. At least for the technologically deprived, the paradigm of "anytime, anywhere learning" is a myth. The study highlights the need for educational institutions to provide adequate technology and workspaces for all students in order to support their well-being and motivation during remote learning.
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Gauger, Felix, Kyra Voll, and Andreas Pfnür. "Corporate Coworking Spaces – Determinants of Work Satisfaction in Future Workspaces." Die Unternehmung 76, no. 1 (2022): 64–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0042-059x-2022-1-64.
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Corporate coworking environments have gained traction in the latest debate. The aim of this study is to obtain a deeper understanding of the factors that determine work satisfaction in a corporate coworking environment and to illuminate determinants for collaborative and interactive work. Survey data were collected through five corporates using an internal corporate coworking space in Germany (n = 200). The study reveals new insights into the flexible working environment of corporate coworking spaces and identifies factors influencing work satisfaction, which is commonly linked with organizational outcomes. Determinants of work satisfaction are physical environmental factors, communication, concentration, collaboration and social interaction which indicates that informal meeting spaces for collaboration and communication as well as concentration spaces are highly valued. Corporate coworking spaces, therefore, unfold their potential through activity-based working (ABW) configurations and the various types of spaces associated with it. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that applies workplace factors on corporate coworking environments. Corporate coworking spaces offer an important complement to home offices and traditional office workplaces, especially in a post-COVID-19-pandemic era, as they allow for real physical encounters and collaboration.
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Nanda Bella Puspitaloka and Abdul Rohim Tualeka. "Analysis of air quality and ventilation systems in production working areas of PT. A." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.1.1009.
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PT. A is a manufacturing industry specializing in plastic-based cosmetic packaging. The work area of blow molding and injection molding 1 & 2 is the center of the company's main activity, involving many employees with diverse roles. The high density of work activity and heat-generating machines pose significant challenges to the workspace temperature, impacting worker health and well-being. Indoor air pollution levels, 2 to 10 times higher than outside, raise serious concerns, given people's prolonged indoor exposure. Poor air quality can lead to discomfort, health issues, and work accidents, affecting company operations and customer confidence. Three production units of PT. A were analyzed, focusing on air quality and ventilation systems. Primary data collection involved observations and interviews with four company informants regarding the ventilation system. Secondary data included direct measurements of air pollutants, dust particles, and environmental conditions by designated third parties. PT. A has implemented multiple mechanical ventilation systems to enhance airflow within the production area. Although the air quality in the blow molding and injection molding 1&2 workspaces meets the standards of the Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 2018, the working climate in these three production areas exceeds the specified thresholds. Engineering interventions are recommended to address this issue and improve worker safety, health, comfort, and productivity without long-term consequences.
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Naccarella, Lucio, Michelle Raggatt, and Bernice Redley. "The Influence of Spatial Design on Team Communication in Hospital Emergency Departments." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 12, no. 2 (September 20, 2018): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586718800481.
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Objective: To identify spatial design factors that influence informal interprofessional team-based communication within hospital emergency departments (EDs). Background: Effective team communication in EDs is critical for interprofessional collaborative care and prevention of serious errors due to miscommunication. Limited evidence exists about how informal communication in EDs is shaped by the physical workspace and how workplace design principles can improve the quality of ED team communication. Method: Two health services with four hospital sites in Victoria, Australia, participated. A multistage mixed-methods approach used (1) an anonymous online communication network survey ( N = 103) to collect data on patterns and locations of informal interprofessional team communication among ED staff, (2) focus groups ( N = 37) and interviews ( N = 3) using photoelicitation to understand the perspectives of ED staff about how spatial design influences team communication, and (3) validity testing of preliminary findings with executives and ED managers at the participating sites. Results: Informal communication with peers and within discipline groups on nonspecific areas of the ED was most common. Three key factors influenced the extent to which ED workspaces facilitated informal communication: (1) staff perceptions of privacy, (2) staff perceptions of safety, and (3) staff perceptions of connectedness to ED activity. Conclusion: Our research supports the proposition that ED physical environments influence informal team communication patterns. To facilitate effective team communication, ED workspace spatial designs need to provide visibility and connectedness, support and capture “case talk,” enable privacy for “comfort talk,” and optimize proximity to patients without compromising safety.
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Tanaka, Teppei, Tomoyuki Chikamoto, Hideaki Sakata, and Yuusuke Kobayashi. "Research on Differences Between Multiple Workspaces in ABW Offices on Productivity and Communication, Psychological and Physiological Quantities." E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 01060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339601060.
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In this study, we will investigate the effects of different work environments on intellectual productivity and communication in an Activity-Based-Working (ABW) oriented B-site office of Company A, which has multiple workspaces with different settings for the purpose of improving productivity and health. In this paper, we use a subject experiment and report on the effects of different work environments on the intellectual productivity and physiological and psychological quantities of the subjects in the ABW office, based on the outline of the building where the subject experiments were conducted and the results of objective and subjective evaluations of the subject experiments conducted in the middle and summer periods.
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Nurramadhani, Annisa, and Irvan Permana. "STUDENTS’ GENERATED QUESTION QUALITY THROUGH STEM BASED PROJECT LEARNING IN SCIENCE ACTIVITY." JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v4i2.2446.
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STEM based project learning also capable triggering student to express another higher order thinking skill, such as inquiry by posing question. Generating questions, making comparisons, dealing with contradictions, and scientific inquiry skills are an example of cognitive activities that are classified as higher-order thinking skills. Those skills are including in 21st century skills that needed by the students to face the workspaces demanding in this revolution industry 4.0 and future. The purposes of this research is to investigate students’ question quality through STEM based project learning in science activity. The method that is used in this research is descriptive. The subject in this research are the students of preservice teacher biology and science education for about 21 students. The research needs an analysis of students’ generated question quality when they are in basic physics laboratory activity. This laboratory activity used STEM based project learning approach with reading assignment in the early meeting before each laboratory activity. The technique to take the data that is used in this research are video recording, observation, and informal interview. The research instrument to take the data that is used are observation sheet for student’s generated question quality. The result of this research is from the science laboratory activity, students’ generated question quality that has the most are understanding and relationship which is in the beginning of open question quality and information category gained lower than both of category. It means that, students promoting the improvement of their question quality. It also proved that evaluating, finding and solution category has expressed by the students in both of laboratory activities. It can be concluded that that the quality of students generated question has slightly improved to open question quality through STEM based project learning in science activity
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Huang, Yusheng, and Amin Hammad. "Simulation-Based Optimization of Path Planning for Camera-Equipped UAVs That Considers the Location and Time of Construction Activities." Remote Sensing 16, no. 13 (July 3, 2024): 2445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16132445.
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Automated progress monitoring of construction sites using cameras has been proposed in recent years. Although previous studies have tried to identify the most informative camera views according to 4D BIM to optimize installation plans, video collection using fixed or pan-tilt-zoom cameras is still limited by their inability to adapt to the dynamic construction environment. Therefore, considerable attention has been paid to using camera-equipped unmanned aerial vehicles (CE-UAVs), which provide mobility for the camera, allowing it to fit its field of view automatically to the important parts of the construction site while avoiding occlusions. However, previous studies on optimizing video collection with CE-UAV are limited to the scanning of static objects on construction sites. Given the growing interest in construction activities, the existing methods are inadequate to meet the requirements for the collection of high-quality videos. In this study, the following requirements for and constraints on collecting construction-activity videos have been identified: (1) the FOV should be optimized to cover the areas of interest with the minimum possible occlusion; (2) the path of the UAV should be optimized to allow efficient data collection on multiple construction activities over a large construction site, considering the locations of activities at specific times; and (3) the data collection should consider the requirements for CV processes. Aiming to address these requirements and constraints, a method has been proposed to perform simulation-based optimization of path planning for CE-UAVs to allow automated and effective collection of videos of construction activities based on a detailed 4D simulation that includes a micro-schedule and the corresponding workspaces. This method can identify the most informative views of the workspaces and the optimal path for data capture. A case study was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
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Wildgoose, Jane, and Roelof Bakker. "Strong Room: Material Memories and the Digital Record." European Journal of Life Writing 7 (March 28, 2018): C1—C16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.7.234.
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Strong Room, by the artist and researcher Jane Wildgoose and the artist Roelof Bakker, was published in 2014 by Negative Press London, a small press established by Bakker with the aim of initiatiing collaborations in print between artists and writers. Strong Room mixes photographs showing traces of preserved past human activity with writing, which highlights the loss of tangible experience and lack of physical presence in the digital world. Reflecting on the aesthetics of abandoned workspaces and the historical and academic importance of paper-based archives, Bakker and Wildgoose explore the potential for perceptions of materialiy to prompt the imagination and evoke memories. In this article, the artists reflect on a range of subjective responses to archives and archival materials and discuss the background to their collaborative approach to developing the book: presenting a selection of Bakker's photographs together with extracts from the accompanying essays in Strong Room.
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Sugino, Reo, Shin-ichi Tanabe, Mikio Takahashi, Tomoko Tokumura, Kazuki Wada, Tomohiro Kuroki, Jun Nakagawa, Jun Shinoda, and Takuma Shinoyama. "Relationship between attributes of individual workers and concentration at work." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102050.
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Working environments are becoming far more diverse. For example, Activity-Based Working (ABW), a new style of working where workers choose their own work environment, is now attracting attention. An office that introduces ABW is comprised of various spaces, including open plan workspaces, corresponding to the ways of working. However, such an office may result in distraction. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the environmental factors that affect individual workers’ concentration at work. This study aimed to ascertain the relationship between individual workers’ attributes, such as the Big Five personality traits, personal control, and age, and the factors that distract them from their work. A questionnaire-based field survey was conducted at an office that partially adopted ABW to investigate the relationship between selection of seats and concentration at work. The results revealed different tendencies among workers for the type of work environment needed to concentrate according to their individual attributes. Additionally, it was suggested that the changing of seats lead to improved concentration at work, thus increasing productivity.
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Rodríguez, Pedro Serrano, and Luis Felipe González Böhme. "Exploring Outdoor Education and Research in Architecture." Open House International 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2009-b0011.
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As is well known, architectural design pedagogy persistently demands to look outside the classroom for real-world problems to deal with, and exemplary solutions to learn from. Studio-based learning alternately takes place between indoor and outdoor environments as well as built and natural environments. Especially the use of outdoor workspaces where students may generate and test their design proposals strengthens the case for a better understanding of human habitability and environmental sustainability. Nonetheless, outdoor activities are traditionally confined to on-site information gathering, whereas design and evaluation processes are carried out indoors simply as a desk-bound activity. In these cases, the empirical evidence to back up the problem modeling and the design decisions made inside the studio classroom is missing. In mainstream architecture education, indoor and outdoor learning experiences are operationally dissociated. The intent to create real outdoor studio classrooms not only opens a new research field in learning space design, but new challenges to the studio-based learning culture. We expose a few exemplary cases from an ongoing series of trials, started in 1999 by the Department of Architecture at the Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, to assess the effective integration of outdoor learning environments with our local studio-based learning culture.
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Candido, Christhina, Ozgur Gocer, Samin Marzban, Kenan Gocer, Leena Thomas, Fan Zhang, Zhonghua Gou, Martin Mackey, Lina Engelen, and Dian Tjondronegoro. "Occupants’ satisfaction and perceived productivity in open-plan offices designed to support activity-based working: findings from different industry sectors." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 23, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 106–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-06-2020-0027.
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Purpose In the rise of offices designed to support activity-based working (ABW), parts of industry have fully transitioned to open-plan environments and then later to unassigned seating, whereas other parts, such as tertiary education, are still in the process of moving away from individual offices. There are a few relevant studies to understand how occupants from industry sectors with different levels of adoption of ABW perceived environments designed to support this way of working. This paper aims to contribute to the knowledge gap by providing insight into workers’ satisfaction and dissatisfaction from open-plan offices designed to support ABW along with the key predictors of perceived productivity. Design/methodology/approach A data set of 2,090 post-occupancy evaluation surveys conducted in five sectors – tertiary education, finance, construction, property/asset management and design/engineering – was analyzed. ANOVA and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted for the survey questionnaires. First, ANOVA tests were conducted for the whole sample with perceived productivity as the dependent variable. A seven-point Likert scale with five theoretical factors was generated with all survey questionnaires. CFA was performed to show the factor loadings. In addition, regression analyses were carried out for each of factor item taken as the independent variable, where perceived productivity was the dependent variable. Key sources of satisfaction and dissatisfaction per sector were analyzed and differences between occupants reporting a negative or positive impact on their productivity were also investigated. Finally, open-ended comments were analyzed to show the key sources of dissatisfaction based on open-ended comments. Findings Workers from construction were the most satisfied, followed by finance and tertiary education. Occupants from all industry sectors consistently rated their workspaces highly on biophilic and interior design. Distraction and privacy received the lowest scores from all sectors. Open-ended comments showed mismatches between spatial and behavioral dimensions of ABW both for satisfaction and perceived productivity. Interior design was the strongest predictor for perceived productivity for all sectors. Findings dispel the notion that ABW implementation may not be suitable for certain industries, as long as the three key pillars of ABW are fully implemented, including design, behavior and technology. Originality/value This paper provides insight into workers’ satisfaction and dissatisfaction from open-plan offices designed to support ABW in different industry sectors along with the key predictors of perceived productivity.
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Fröst, Peter. "Administrative workplaces in healthcare: Designing an efficient and patient-focused environment." Journal of Hospital Administration 5, no. 4 (May 6, 2016): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v5n4p68.
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The article presents an “Evidence-Based Concept Program” for the administrative workplaces in healthcare. Several studies show that Swedish doctors and nurses use about half their working time on administrative work. Despite this, very little attention has been given to the design of administrative workplaces in healthcare. Although healthcare focuses on detailed functional planning of their clinical areas, administrative workplaces are typically designed very traditionally, supporting hierarchical and downpipe organisations. Consequently, they are not always supportive of today’s healthcare needs, which focus on teamwork around the involved and informed patient. This makes provision of healthcare less efficient and patient friendly. However, new technologies and new ways of working means that the conditions for administrative/office work have changed drastically in recent decades. It is therefore time to seek inspiration from other sectors of society so as to rethink healthcare design. Conclusive report findings indicate that a changed approach needs to be introduced to the design of administrative workspaces. Mapping exercises of existing conditions show low utilisation of non-care-related administrative workplaces. These workplaces can be made more efficient by organising the plan according to activity-based usage and thereby reducing the area needed. Included survey also indicate that the degree of utilisation of administrative workplaces close to patients is relatively high. The report concludes that patient-related administrative workplaces need to be developed further through adding new room types and number of functions. Unused space can be redistributed to care located closer to patients, as the need is greater and this will help promote work efficiency. However, the design of new and more activity-based administrative workplaces in healthcare relies heavily on the introduction of new portable and seamless information and communication technology (ICT)-systems.
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Petrulaitiene, Vitalija, and Tuuli Jylhä. "The perceived value of workplace concepts for organisations." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 17, no. 4 (November 9, 2015): 260–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-06-2015-0014.
Abstract:
Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the value of workplace concepts. The aim is twofold. First, the development of expected value into actual perceived value of workplace concept is studied together with the methods adopted to realise such value. After this, the perceived value of concepts is analysed in more detail to supplement the literature. Design/methodology/approach – The identified relationship is analysed qualitatively through six Finnish case organisations. The data were collected both through interviews and observations and analysed through coding. Findings – The actual perceived value of the workplace concepts was richer than the expected value before the workplace implementation. The direction from cost- to business- workplace strategies was noticed. Active employee involvement and orientation towards their needs, as well as also the activity-based offices with unassigned workspaces and more meeting areas, were the main tools and methods used to perceive the value. Practical implications – More organisations develop their own workplace concepts. For practitioners, this paper offers the insight on what was expected, provides the workplace concept development results and practical insights into realizing such value from the organisational perspective. Originality/value – The value of this paper lies in the relationship between the expected value from the workplace concept and the actual perceived value of the concept, along with tools and methods to perceive it.
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Ardissono, Liliana, Gianni Bosio, Anna Goy, Giovanna Petrone, Marino Segnan, and Fabrizio Torretta. "Collaboration Support for Activity Management in a Personal Cloud Environment." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 2, no. 4 (October 2011): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdst.2011100103.
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This paper describes a framework supporting the development of open collaboration environments which integrate heterogeneous business services. The framework facilitates the user cooperation in the execution of shared activities by offering a workspace awareness support which abstracts from the business services employed to operate. The management of the workspaces of the user’s collaborations is based on the functions offered by the Collaborative Task Manager (CTM), which offers a lightweight and flexible model for handling more or less complex collaborations. The CTM is integrated with business services in a loosely coupled way which supports the management of parallel workspaces for accessing the user’s collaboration contexts, their objects and the related awareness information.
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Stojanovic, Djordje, Milica Vujovic, Ozgur Gocer, Samin Marzban, and Christhina Candido. "The Impact of Work Desk Shapes on the Utilisation of an Activity-Based-Working Environment." Buildings 14, no. 5 (May 14, 2024): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051401.
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The design of Activity-Based Working (ABW) environments embraces workers’ continuous mobility enabled by technology and the mindset of seeking work zones that best support the task at hand. This paper focuses on aspects of workspace selection within a facility designed to support ABW, focusing on the overall occupancy dynamics, temporal context, and information capturing less-explored details of the physical environment. This study analyses the active use of a workspace in relation to work desk shapes, rectangular and trapezial. Drawing from a longitudinal dataset spanning 12 months from an ABW facility, capturing the active workstation usage of 964 occupants through individual computer logins, this study employs descriptive statistics to analyse the active use of workspace relative to total work hours over the year. Inferential statistical techniques are utilised to compare active use measurements between and within specific workspace areas, revealing significant differences and highlighting the importance of temporal and spatial contexts in workspace utilisation patterns. The presented results demonstrate both tendencies and statistically significant differences, confirming the relevance of the studied variables in examining workspace utilisation. The results show significant usage variations throughout the day across different zones of the observed workspace, with peak activity between 11:00 and 13:00 h for both work desk shapes. This study’s insights are relevant to improving the utilisation of facilities designed for ABW and contribute to a longstanding interest in designing and arranging workplaces to better fit the people who use them.
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Galdames, Caroline, and Paula Charbonneau-Gowdy. "Bridging contemporary theory with online practice: The sustained impact on student identities." European Conference on e-Learning 22, no. 1 (October 19, 2023): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ecel.22.1.1654.
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Higher Education (HE) Institutions that offer online programs seek to connect their training promises with the kind of learning and learners 21st century workplaces demand. Fulfilling these objectives implies promoting empowered, collaborative, and self-directed identities in learners during their formal learning and beyond. While learning theories and societal demands might support such identity development in individuals, ensuring these goals are met and importantly sustained has been problematic for institutions. Putting theory into practice becomes a greater challenge when the training process is completely mediated online. This inquiry is one of a four-part longitudinal study aimed at aligning the instructional design, pedagogical practices, and use of social learning-based technology tools in all programs with 21st century goals and contemporary theory of e-learning at a fully online technical HE institution in Chile. In the first three studies, we examined the impact of this alignment across all programs on the learner identities of students: 1) at the outset of their programs (n=2,300), 2) after 5 months (n=14), and 3) through the perspectives of faculty (n=82). Findings in all three studies suggested that many students in the institution, most from socially and academically disadvantaged backgrounds, transitioned to clearly evident 21st century learner behaviours. In the present investigation, our aim was to gather a deeper understanding of these changes and the implications of the design/practice/technology alignment after one year. We focussed on the same students (n=14) to uncover evidence, if any, of sustained changes as they graduated and moved back full time to their respective workplaces. A qualitative methodology was employed where data collection involved individual interviews, field notes, observations, and online digital activity. Findings reveal student identities with significantly increased confidence in their abilities and skills, placing important value on life-long learning as a means to transform their present and future lives and positively influencing their workspaces. This study provides strong empirical evidence of sustained changes that an instructional design based on social learning and mediated by technology generated in our students. At the same time, it contributes valuable and practical answers for overcoming the challenges that still beset many online programs in higher education.
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Noor, Shaheena, Muhammad Imran Saleem, Najma Ismat, Humera Noor Minhas, Rukaiya Rukaiya, and Aneeta Siddiqui. "Strategic Analysis of Feature Selection Methods for Enhanced Dental Therapy Recognition in Machine Learning Applications." Foundation University Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences <br><i style="color:black;">(HEC Recognized Y Category , ISSN 2706-7351)</i> 4, no. 2 (May 16, 2024): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33897/fujeas.v4i2.794.
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The popularity of smart clinics has increased significantly as a result of technical developments in fields like computer vision. At the heart of such systems is the ability to recognize objects and activities as well as perceive the environment as a whole. This is crucial for both eco-independent systems and human-machine interaction, especially in settings with constrained workspaces, like dental care. Our study delves into an extensive analysis of multiple machine learning models designed to robustly predict dental treatments. These models encompass Lazy Instance-based Learning, Sequential Minimal Optimization, Hoeffding Tree, and Random Tree. Leveraging object-oriented input sourced from gaze-guided wearable cameras, we scrutinize intricate attributes such as material properties, patients' dental conditions, and the array of instruments in use. Notably, we exploit the insight that identifying visual cues during an activity holds the potential to address the specific therapy identification challenge. Utilizing a dental data set that we gathered in the real world, we conducted our experiments and discovered that combining multiple criteria enhances accuracy in comparison to using each one alone. We did see, nevertheless, that in certain circumstances employing the symptoms alone produced superior outcomes. Additionally, symptoms demonstrated to have lesser error than combination in terms of RMS error convergence. Finally, we observed that the machine learning models' build and test durations increased as a result of the combined method. This demonstrates that adding additional parameters does not necessarily result in better outcomes in machine learning applications generally and in medical/dental applications in particular. Instead, it relies on the machine learning tool used, the settings taken into account and the input data provided. The versatility of our approach extends beyond dental contexts. It has been systematically validated across diverse domains, including the recognition of kitchen activities within smart home environments. This methodology holds relevance for various outdoor scenarios where the focal point of attention guides ongoing activities.
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Sivunen, Anu, and Linda L. Putnam. "The dialectics of spatial performances: The interplay of tensions in activity-based organizing." Human Relations 73, no. 8 (July 17, 2019): 1129–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726719857117.
Abstract:
Navigating organizational workspace is often plagued with tensions that emerge from the interplay of intended designs with organizational activities and lived experiences. These tensions are evident in research findings, such as inconsistencies in the ways that employees react to new workplace designs. They call on scholars to rethink organizational space, not as a concrete, static, or ready-made ‘thing’, but as a set of ongoing performances that enact particular practices, clashes among opposites, and organizational tensions. Based on research in a Nordic company, this study reveals how tensions and responses to them in an activity-based office generate creative alternatives that enhance participation and navigate passages between order and disorder. Contrary to the presumption that tensions need to be resolved, this study suggests that embracing them through managing the fluidity and flux of space gives rise to adaptability. Thus, in orchestrating workspace changes, it calls on organizational members to attend to mobility, constellations of objects and materiality, and temporal boundaries in navigating space rather than focusing on fixtures and designs.
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Babapour Chafi, Maral, Mette Harder, and Christina Bodin Danielsson. "Workspace preferences and non-preferences in Activity-based Flexible Offices: Two case studies." Applied Ergonomics 83 (February 2020): 102971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102971.
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Provolovich, T. O. "Theory of global neuronal workspace by S. Dehaene." Philosophy of Science and Technology 25, no. 2 (2020): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2413-9084-2021-25-2-90-102.
Abstract:
The article deals with a methodological analysis of S. Dehaene’s theory of the global neural workspace. The French neuroscientist criticizes philosophical theories of consciousness because they do not use experimentally confirmed data. Also, he rejects such concepts of consciousness as wakefulness and attention, since they primarily describe the work of the unconscious, and not consciousness. Therefore, he suggests a way to study consciousness that would be solely based on empirical methods and provide univocal neural correlates that could be used to track the transition of a stimulus received in the brain from the unconscious to the conscious area. S. Dehaene’s research team offers four such correlates, or “signature” of consciousness, the last of which demonstrates the transition of activity from different, specialized parts of the brain to the entire neural network. Also, he believes that due to the development of neuroscientific methods of consciousness research and technologies for reading and decrypting neuroactivity in the near future, it will be possible to “read minds”, which means the reproduction of both individual conscious states and consciousness as a whole on artificial systems. This theory is not a fundamentally new way of studying consciousness, since it develops the ideas put forward by B. Baars at the end of the XX century. Based on the theory of the global neural workspace, the article attempts to identify the main misconceptions of neurobiological theories of consciousness, outlining the direction of research programs of consciousness and the brain as interrelated parts, and determining their prospects in solving the problem of consciousness.
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Haapakangas, Annu, David M. Hallman, Svend Erik Mathiassen, and Helena Jahncke. "Self-rated productivity and employee well-being in activity-based offices: The role of environmental perceptions and workspace use." Building and Environment 145 (November 2018): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.09.017.
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Kämpf-Dern, Annette, and Jennifer Konkol. "Performance-oriented office environments – framework for effective workspace design and the accompanying change processes." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 19, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 208–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-03-2017-0009.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce a comprehensive framework that covers the major dimensions of performance-oriented office environments including involved actors and performance parameters on the one hand, and the processes and success factors of implementation and change management of such workspace projects on the other hand, with their interaction to be considered as well. This framework can serve as a first guideline and rough “checklist” to support such projects, both in research and practice. Design/methodology/approach The framework was developed and refined by combining international literature analyses, industry experience from the authors and application of first conceptual ideas to a pilot project. The methodology of the whole endeavor, not only this paper, is a grounded theory approach, acknowledging the intermediate state of prior theory regarding workspace change projects. The framework will thus be further developed with additional case-based empirics in the future. Findings The framework addresses the design parameters (the content) of (re)developing performance-oriented office environments as well as the management (the processes) of this (re)development including its implementation. Due to the considerable number of dimensions and factors relevant for workspace projects in addition to their interaction and dependency as well as the individuality of situation and stakeholders, the probability of workspace project failure is high. Knowing the parameters of workspace change project success and measures to be tracked and checked during the design and implementation processes of such projects is therefore imperative. Suggestions for operationalizing the relevant factors are made. Equally important is to understand and address individual emotions and concerns of those being involved in or affected by the change situation, and to inform and include them adequately. The comprehensive framework provides a respective first overview. Research limitations/implications The framework is conceptual, based on many sources. Yet, the exhaustive inclusion of all research on the many relevant factors is neither feasible nor intended. The paper rather tries to be comprehensive on the dimensions to be considered and to only exemplarily concretize how to handle this complexity in a manageable and practical way. Future research needs to test and adapt the proposed framework, to detail key performance indicators (KPIs), indicators and processes suggested, and to develop an according planning and controlling system. Practical implications The paper pictures key aspects for the effective design and change management of holistic workspace projects. KPIs as well as leading indicators are introduced that can be used to measure the various dimensions in an ongoing process throughout all phases of the project, enabling the organization to anticipate or at least rapidly react to problems arising. Accordingly, success factors for managing workspace change are collected and structured along the workspace dimensions including actors and performance. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in the approach to comprehensively integrating design and change management parameters of workspace projects, the explicit performance orientation and the inclusion of the multitude of actors (i.e. users, facilities management, Human Resources, ICT). Instead of the design and its implementation only being supported by change management, the organizational environment and its needs – like way of working, organization models, performance priorities and change capabilities – are driving the design, which constitutes a new approach in the design activity.
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Polo-Recuero, Beatriz, Alfonso Ordóñez-Dios, Miguel Ángel Rojo-Tirado, and Alberto Lorenzo. "Do You Want to Increase Physical Activity in Adolescents? A School-Based Physical Activity Program Could Be an Efficient Way." Children 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2023): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10101641.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a classroom-based physical activity program, using bike desks, on academic and physical performance in adolescents. The Program to Enhance and Develop Active Lessons (PEDAL) was designed for this purpose, expecting an increase in students’ physical activity without any decrease in academic performance. This intervention based on pedal or bike desks—stationary bikes that integrate with a desk workspace—was conducted with 55 high- school students who were randomly assigned to two groups: a PEDAL group (n = 28, 14.86 ± 0.65 years old, 46.4% girls) and a control group (n = 27, 15 ± 0.68 years old, 51.9% girls). Throughout the intervention, the PEDAL students pedaled 4 days a week for 10 weeks during their Spanish-language arts lessons. The comparisons between the PEDAL group and the control group, as well as the pre- and post-test results, were statistically analyzed to verify the students´ physical activity (i.e., IPAQ-SF, heart rate monitors, polar OH1+), cardiorespiratory capacity (20m shuttle run test), and academic performance (d2 test of attention and language proficiency test). Regarding the physical aspect, only the PEDAL group showed significant growth in their physical activity levels as compared to the pre-test data (p = 0.001), and they achieved higher results compared with the control group (p = 0.022) and less sedentary time than control students (p = 0.012). Concerning cardiorespiratory fitness, there were no post-test differences between the two groups (p = 0.697), probably because the physical activity performed with the bike desks was light–moderate. As far as academic performance is concerned, no significant post-test effects were discovered in either group on the levels of language competence (p = 0.48), attention (TOT, p = 0.432), and concentration (CON, p = 0.216). In conclusion, adolescents who move while learning, using bike desks, increase their light and moderate physical activity without any detriment to academic performance.
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Khamkanya, Thadsin, and Brian Sloan. "FLEXIBLE WORKING IN SCOTTISH LOCAL AUTHORITY PROPERTY: DEVELOPING A COMBINED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2008): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-715x.2008.12.183-202.
Abstract:
As indicated in Government reports and previous research, the traditional office environment of both central and local governments has been occupied with high occupancy cost. Flexible working supported by information and communication technology, human resource, and workspace management has emerged as a modern concept for managing office resources. Workspace management models covering both activity‐based working area and portfolio flexibility are developed to assist an organisation to allocate staff and working area more flexibly and efficiently. However, public organisations like Scottish Local Authorities (SLAs) are unlikely to fully adopt commercial workspace management models. Therefore, the concept of a combined resource management strategy has been introduced to assist the Authorities in considering adoption in financial/economic terms before taking‐up of flexible working in practice. Santrauka Kaip rodo Vyriausybės ataskaitos ir ankstesnis tyrimas, ir centrinės, ir vietos valdžios tradiciniuose biuruose daug dėmesio skirta didelėms turto valdymo sąnaudoms. Lankstus grafi kas, pagrįstas informacinių ir komunikacinių technologijų, žmogiškųjų išteklių ir darbo vietos vadyba, atsirado kaip modernus biuro išteklių valdymo būdas. Jau yra darbo vietos valdymo modelių, kurie apima ir su veikla susijusią darbo vietą, ir portfelio lankstumą, leidžia organizacijai lanksčiau ir efektyviau paskirstyti darbuotojus bei biurų plotą. Tačiau mažai tikėtina, kad valstybinės organizacijos, pavyzdžiui, Škotijos vietos valdžia, perims nepakeistus komercinius darbo vietos valdymo modelius. Todėl pristatyta kombinuotos išteklių vadybos strategijos idėja, kuri padėtų valdžiai apsvarstyti modelių taikymą fi nansine ir ekonomine prasme prieš realiai imantis lankstaus darbo.
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Ermawati, Ermawati, Siti Latifah, R. Aries Sofwan Zarkasih, Bambang Yasmadi, and Ikka Kartika Abbas Fauzi. "Google Workspace Training Management to Improve the Quality of MTs Learning in Purwakarta." International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences 3, no. 6 (December 27, 2022): 2206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v3i6.565.
Abstract:
One of the breakthroughs made by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology is the launch of Learning Accounts which can be accessed through www.belajar.id. This account can be used by students, educators, and education staff to access electronic-based learning services. A Learning Account is created in the form of a Google Account with the @belajar.id domain. The use of technology and mastery of digital literacy are important for teachers to master considering that currently many learning materials are sourced and accessed from the internet. This training aims to assist teachers at KKMTs Purwakarta, in accessing features available on Google Workspace for Education, so that it is hoped that teachers can maximize the student learning process online during distance learning. The general objective of implementing this training is to increase teachers' understanding and skills regarding the use of digital technology as a learning medium in learning activities. The specific objectives of this training include: (1) Teachers are able to use and manage online classes, (2) optimize available digital technology facilities, and (3) increase the effectiveness, efficiency and attractiveness of learning. The methods that will be used in the implementation of the training are socialization, practice, mentoring, and evaluation. This training material will be carried out in 2 stages where the first stage will focus more on providing information about the material regarding the role of digitizing learning media. This information is very important so that research participants get an overview of the role of digital technology as a learning medium, as well as the importance of training as a form of teacher self-development. The second stage, the training focused on introducing and understanding Google Workspace For Education, in which the training introduced the features available on Google, such as: Google Mail, Google Drive, Google Class Room, Google Meet, Jamboard, Google Calendar, Google Doc, Google Slides, Google Forms, Google Sheets, and Google Sites. Evaluation of this activity is carried out during training activities and the results of making digital learning media. The aspects that were evaluated were attendance, participant activity, participants' understanding of the material that had been given. The criteria for achieving the program for each aspect are the attendance of participants,
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Gunawan, Dedi, Muhammad Mufti Ramdhani, Edi, and Doni Azizi. "Workshop Pembuatan Rapor Secara Otomatis dengan Google Workspace di SMK IDN Boarding School Jonggol." Jurnal Pengabdian Nasional (JPN) Indonesia 4, no. 2 (May 10, 2023): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/jpni.v4i2.209.
Abstract:
Advances in technology make it easy for everyone with regards to the ease of obtaining and managing information. One clear example is the development of the internet which has become an icon of technological development. Especially in the era of education 4.0, the internet plays an important role in the educational process. In the era of education 4.0 educators and students are required to be able to integrate technology in every educational activity. One of the applications of technology in education today is the existence of an internet-based report card information system or what we usually know as online report cards. This service is a literature study that aims to collect information related to the use of the online report card information system implemented by several schools. The results obtained from this literature study are that the online report card system makes it easy for educators or teachers at SMK IDN Boarding School Jonggol to process student value data which can be accessed by both students and parents
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Undozerov, Vadim. "Technique for accounting for the decrease in labor productivity due to workspace overcrowding." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 07058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125807058.
Abstract:
In civil engineering, delays are ubiquitous. They cause significant economic damage. One way to prevent deadline disruption is to lower the duration of tasks by increasing the number of workers on critical path activities. However, when the number of workers increases above a certain level, the duration stops decreasing due to the interference between workers that occurs in a limited work space. This situation is called “work space overcrowding”. To determine the number of workers at which work space overcrowding occurs, as well as to improve activity scheduling accuracy, the author has developed a technique for accounting for labor productivity decline due to work space overcrowding. During the development of this technique, an analysis of existing approaches was carried out. Their shortcomings in practice are revealed. Then, the factors of productivity decline associated with overcrowding are identified. These factors are divided into two categories: “spatial” and “socio-psychological”. Two models are developed based on a mathematical formalization of these categories. The criterion for choosing between the two models is the intensity of workers' movements. The technique was successfully verified using peer review by specialists in nuclear power plant construction. It was found that the technique accurately reflects the general nature of labor productivity dependence on the number of workers: constant levels of productivity up to a certain number, followed by decreasing levels of productivity, at accelerating rates, above that number. However, application of the technique provides only a rough approximation of this dependence in quantitative terms. This is compensated for by the technique’s simplicity, requiring a limited number of inputs to produce a meaningful result. Finally, applying the technique to two specific cases, a recommended limit of the increase in the number of workers is determined for both. In the future, the technique can be applied to a wider range of construction activities.
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Bauer, Anicee Carolyn. "Pride and productivity – introducing and testing the Healing Offices® design concept." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 22, no. 4 (October 14, 2020): 313–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-02-2019-0012.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to learn to what extent the physical workspace can contribute to employee health and happiness. In this context, it introduces an evidence-based design concept and evaluation method for workplaces to transform the traditional subjective design process into a more objective, systematic approach. Identifying issues regarding physical design and work culture is assumed to lead to a better person-environment fit. Design/methodology/approach The study describes a comparison between a pre-measurement at an IT company’s old workplace and a post-measurement in the new location with a new office design. The independent variable is the objective quality of the physical work environment, which was determined by an interior quality index. The dependent variables were the perceived health, engagement, comfort and productivity, assessed by an online questionnaire and interviews. Findings The objective quality of the work environment improved remarkably, especially regarding sustainability, diversity, nature and the possibilities to move and relax. The subjective experience of employees also improved, specifically regarding feelings of comfort and energy, possibly because of a more inspirational and diverse environment, which also better captured the company identity. A more connected workspace moreover seemed to relate to more physical activity and personal contact, as well as to teamwork and productivity. Originality/value The study promotes an evidence-based design approach for design and real-state, encouraging all stakeholders to design responsibly: to work more closely together, take well-informed design decisions and evaluate and learn from what was “left behind.” It also stresses the power of tailor-made designs, as any design eventually is shaped by its broader cultural context.
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ADEOGUN, John Olufemi, Rasheed Olawale AZEEZ, and Musiliu Dada RUFAI. "Coping Strategies and Prevention Programs for Musculoskeletal Disorders among Academic Staff in Lagos State-owned Tertiary Institutions: A Descriptive Study." LASU Journal of Employment Relations & Human Resource Management 4, no. 2 (December 20, 2023): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/ljerhrm/3202.04.0270.
Abstract:
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) pose a significant challenge for academic staff, affecting their well-being and productivity within tertiary institutions. This study explores the coping strategies and prevention programs among academic staff in Lagos State-owned tertiary institutions. Using the descriptive survey research design, data was collected from 316 academics using the convenient sampling technique. With the aid of the descriptive statistics and the content analysis, findings indicate a varied utilization of both prevention (e.g., regular exercise, ergonomic workspace) and coping strategies (e.g., pain medication, assistive devices), emphasizing potential gaps in stress management and certain preventive measures. Academics suggest recommendations for effective MSD prevention programs, including ergonomic considerations, stress reduction workshops, workload management, and physical activity breaks. Based on these findings, it is recommended that management of Lagos stateowned tertiary institutions should implement ergonomic interventions, stress reduction workshops and fostering health-conscious work cultures.
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Zhang, Lei, Ruiqin Li, Fengping Ning, Chao Chai, and Zengyu Jia. "Performance Analysis and Optimization Design of a Dual-Mode Reconfigurable Ankle Joint Parallel Rehabilitation Mechanism." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (February 21, 2024): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14051757.
Abstract:
In this study, a dual-mode reconfigurable parallel ankle joint rehabilitation mechanism is proposed to meet the needs of patients in different ankle rehabilitation stages. This mechanism can switch between the 1T2R (where R represents rotation and T represents translation) and 2T1R motion modes. The screw theory and the modified G-K formula were used to analyze and verify the degree of freedom of the mechanism. The non-parasitic motion characteristics were analyzed by examining the topological structure of the mechanism. An inverse kinematics model was established using the closed-loop vector method, and the mechanism’s singularity was analyzed based on the Jacobian matrix. The Jacobian matrix and the numerical method were used to compare and analyze the workspace index, the rotational dexterity index and the load capacity performance index before and after the introduction of branched chains with actuation redundancy. A particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize the geometric dimensional parameters of the mechanism. The results show that the mechanism exhibits the characteristics of a parallel mechanism without parasitic motion in the two motion modes. Using branched chains with actuation redundancy can significantly improve the rotational dexterity and load capacity performance index, without affecting the workspace index. Compared to the original mechanism, the kinematic performance of the optimized mechanism is significantly improved. It is concluded that the proposed mechanism can meet the needs of ankle joint activity training in the 1T2R motion mode and the needs of ankle joint proprioception training in the 2T1R motion mode, which can better meet the needs of patients in different rehabilitation stages.
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Reina, G. Anthony, Daniel W. Moran, and Andrew B. Schwartz. "On the Relationship Between Joint Angular Velocity and Motor Cortical Discharge During Reaching." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 2576–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2576.
Abstract:
Single-unit activity in area M1 was recorded in awake, behaving monkeys during a three-dimensional (3D) reaching task performed in a virtual reality environment. This study compares motor cortical discharge rate to both the hand's velocity and the arm's joint angular velocities. Hand velocity is considered a parameter of extrinsic space because it is measured in the Cartesian coordinate system of the monkey's workspace. Joint angular velocity is considered a parameter of intrinsic space because it is measured relative to adjacent arm/body segments. In the initial analysis, velocity was measured as the difference in hand position or joint posture between the beginning and ending of the reach. Cortical discharge rate was taken as the mean activity between these two times. This discharge rate was compared through a regression analysis to either an extrinsic-coordinate model based on the three components of hand velocity or to an intrinsic-coordinate model based on seven joint angular velocities. The model showed that velocities about four degrees-of-freedom (elbow flexion/extension, shoulder flexion/extension, shoulder internal/external rotation, and shoulder adduction/abduction) were those best represented in the sampled population of recorded activity. Patterns of activity recorded across the cortical population at each point in time throughout the task were used in a second analysis to predict the temporal profiles of joint angular velocity and hand velocity. The population of cortical units from area M1 matched the hand velocity and three of the four major joint angular velocities. However, shoulder adduction/abduction could not be predicted even though individual cells showed good correlation to movement on this axis. This was also the only major degree-of-freedom not well correlated to hand velocity, suggesting that the other apparent relations between joint angular velocity and neuronal activity may be due to intrinsic-extrinsic correlations inherent in reaching movements.
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Onofri, Martina, Federica Tommolini, Simona Severini, Cristiana Gambelunghe, Massimo Lancia, Luigi Carlini, and Eugenia Carnevali. "Trace DNA Transfer in Co-Working Spaces: The Importance of Background DNA Analysis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 4 (February 12, 2024): 2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042207.
Abstract:
The presence of background DNA (bgDNA) can hinder the evaluation of DNA evidence at the activity level, especially when the suspect is expected to be retrieved due to their habitual occupation of the investigated environment. Based on real-life casework circumstances, this study investigates the prevalence, composition, origin, and probable transfer routes of bgDNA found on personal items in situations where their owner and person of interest (POI) share the same workspace. Baseline values of bgDNA were evaluated on the participants’ personal items. Secondary and higher degree transfer scenarios of non-self DNA deposition were also investigated. The DNA from co-workers and co-inhabiting partners can be recovered from an individual’s personal belongings. Non-self DNA present on the hands and deposited on a sterile surface can generate uninformative profiles. The accumulation of foreign DNA on surfaces over time appears to be crucial for the recovery of comparable profiles, resulting in detectable further transfer onto other surfaces. For a thorough evaluation of touch DNA traces at the activity level, it is necessary to collect information not only about DNA transfer probabilities but also about the presence of the POI as part of the ‘baseline’ bgDNA of the substrates involved.
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Siregar, Siti Safira Chairunisya, Deni, and Bambang Karsono. "Virtual and Factual Space Mutualism in Society 5.0: Spatial Architecture Studies." E3S Web of Conferences 482 (2024): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448203006.
Abstract:
In the era of Society 5.0, research on architecture has considered the combination of factual and virtual space as the primary focus. The aim is to find principles of spatial design that can accommodate productive communities’ social and economic development. However, the relationship between the combination of virtual space and factual space in the context of designing a dimensioned space based on activity is a question that needs to be reviewed. In this study, the tool used to answer the question is the concept of needs put forward by Abraham Maslow, which will be collaborated with the idea of spatial orientation through architectural phenomena proposed by David Seamon; the research method used is a qualitative method to reveal the needs of productive society. An exploratory approach is used in collecting data by observing productive community activities from factual spaces outside the workspace and residence. In addition, research also dives into virtual space or the transition from a single activity to a dual activity through observation and analysis. The results showed the need for mutualism as an intermediary space for a productive society between factual and virtual spaces. Thus, this study highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between factual and virtual space in designing spaces that can accommodate the needs of productive societies in the era of Society 5.0. The mutualism space that becomes an intermediary space can help create an environment supporting productive communities’ social and economic development.
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Martinez, Felix, Aron Pujana-Arrese, Iban Retolaza, Irantzu Sacristan, Jon Basurko, and Joseba Landaluze. "IKO: A Five Actuated DoF Upper Limb Exoskeleton Oriented to Workplace Assistance." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 6, no. 2 (2009): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/878142.
Abstract:
IKerlan’s Orthosis (IKO) is an upper limb exoskeleton oriented to increasing human force during routine activity at the workplace. Therefore, it can be considered as a force-amplification device conceived to work in collaboration with the human arm and implementing biomimetic principles. The aim of the proposed design is to find the best compromise between maximum reachable workspace and minimum moving mass, which are the key factors for obtaining an ergonomic, wearable exoskeleton. It consists of five actuated degree of freedom (DoF) to move the human arm and three non-actuated DoF between the back and shoulder to allow relative displacement of the sterno-clavicular joint. Conventional electrical motors are used for most of the DoF and pneumatic muscles for one of them (forearm rotation). Power transmission is based on Bowden cables. This paper presents the IKO design, the mechanical structure of a first prototype and the redesign process from an aesthetic point of view. Controller set-up and control strategies are also shown, together with dynamic performance from experimental results.
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Kargo, William J., Arun Ramakrishnan, Corey B. Hart, Lawrence C. Rome, and Simon F. Giszter. "A Simple Experimentally Based Model Using Proprioceptive Regulation of Motor Primitives Captures Adjusted Trajectory Formation in Spinal Frogs." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 1 (January 2010): 573–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01054.2007.
Abstract:
Spinal circuits may organize trajectories using pattern generators and synergies. In frogs, prior work supports fixed-duration pulses of fixed composition synergies, forming primitives. In wiping behaviors, spinal frogs adjust their motor activity according to the starting limb position and generate fairly straight and accurate isochronous trajectories across the workspace. To test whether a compact description using primitives modulated by proprioceptive feedback could reproduce such trajectory formation, we built a biomechanical model based on physiological data. We recorded from hindlimb muscle spindles to evaluate possible proprioceptive input. As movement was initiated, early skeletofusimotor activity enhanced many muscle spindles firing rates. Before movement began, a rapid estimate of the limb position from simple combinations of spindle rates was possible. Three primitives were used in the model with muscle compositions based on those observed in frogs. Our simulations showed that simple gain and phase shifts of primitives based on published feedback mechanisms could generate accurate isochronous trajectories and motor patterns that matched those observed. Although on-line feedback effects were omitted from the model after movement onset, our primitive-based model reproduced the wiping behavior across a range of starting positions. Without modifications from proprioceptive feedback, the model behaviors missed the target in a manner similar to that in deafferented frogs. These data show how early proprioception might be used to make a simple estimate initial limb state and to implicitly plan a movement using observed spinal motor primitives. Simulations showed that choice of synergy composition played a role in this simplicity. To generate froglike trajectories, a hip flexor synergy without sartorius required motor patterns with more proprioceptive knee flexor control than did patterns built with a more natural synergy including sartorius. Such synergy choices and control strategies may simplify the circuitry required for reflex trajectory construction and adaptation.
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Arruda Baltazar, Carlos Arruda, Maria Isabel Barros Guinle, Cora Jirschik Caron, Edson Amaro, and Birajara Soares Machado. "Connective Core Structures in Cognitive Networks: the Role of Hubs." Entropy 21, no. 10 (September 30, 2019): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21100961.
Abstract:
Complex network analysis applied to the resting brain has shown that sets of highly interconnected networks with coherent activity may support a default mode of brain function within a global workspace. Perceptual processing of environmental stimuli induces architectural changes in network topology with higher specialized modules. Evidence shows that during cognitive tasks, network topology is reconfigured and information is broadcast from modular processors to a connective core, promoting efficient information integration. In this paper, we explored how the brain adapts its effective connectivity within the connective core and across behavioral states. We used complex network metrics to identify hubs and proposed a method of classification based on the effective connectivity patterns of information flow. Finally, we interpreted the role of the connective core and each type of hub on the network effectiveness. We also calculated the complexity of electroencephalography microstate sequences across different tasks. We observed that divergent hubs contribute significantly to the network effectiveness and that part of this contribution persists across behavioral states, forming an invariant structure. Moreover, we found that a large quantity of multiple types of hubs may be associated with transitions of functional networks.
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Kuzminov, B. P., and T. S. Zazulyak. "Medicinal products as a causative agent of occupational diseases in pharmaceutical workers (literature review)." Medicni perspektivi 27, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2022.4.271172.
Abstract:
The issue of occupational diseases in chemical and pharmaceutical workers is urgent because it stems from the rapid pace of development, the functional features, and the high biological activity of raw materials used by that industry. The study is aimed at summarizing the information on preconditions and nature of occupational diseases among chemical and pharmaceutical workers based on the analysis of literature data. An important prerequisite for the emergence of occupational diseases is the shortcomings in the production process, leading to pollution of surfaces and workspace air with chemicals through the use of semi-automatic equipment in particular. The harmful substances then enter the bodies of workers through the respiratory system, which is the main and most harmful way. The most dangerous processes are the production and processing of substances with high pharmacological activity, and thus the active pharmaceutical ingredients maybe considered to be the leading causative agents of occupational diseases in the industrial production of medicinal products. The range of diseases diagnosed in pharmaceutical workers is diverse and includes acute intoxication, effects on internal organs, reproductive function, changes in hormonal status, and changes in the hemic system and nervous system. The most common are diseases of respiratory organs and diseases of allergic origin. As a result, influential international organizations and many authors emphasize the need to develop criteria and methods for assessing the harmful effects of medicinal products on the health of workers when authorizing their production.
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Tran, Si Van-Tien, Doyeop Lee, Quy Lan Bao, Taehan Yoo, Muhammad Khan, Junhyeon Jo, and Chansik Park. "A Human Detection Approach for Intrusion in Hazardous Areas Using 4D-BIM-Based Spatial-Temporal Analysis and Computer Vision." Buildings 13, no. 9 (September 12, 2023): 2313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092313.
Abstract:
Detecting intrusion in hazardous areas is one of the priorities and duties of safety enhancement. With the emergence of vision intelligence technology, hazardous-area-detection algorithms can support safety managers in predicting potential hazards and making decisions. However, because of the dynamic and complex nature of the jobsite, high-risk zones have a different geometry and can be changed following the schedule and workspace of activity. This leads to hazardous areas being annotated manually. Thus, this study proposes a computer vision and a 4D BIM-based approach for intrusion detection in hazardous areas, called IDC4D. IDC4D comprises three modules: (1) the 4D BIM-based safety planning (4BSP) module, which analyzes the hazardous area; (2) the hazardous area registration (HAR) module, which delivers the hazardous area from the BIM model to the camera’s first frame image; and (3) the hazardous-area-intrusion-detection module (HAID), which applies the computer vision algorithm to identify the correlation between workers and hazardous areas. The efficiency of the IDC4D approach is validated by testing a maintenance project on the construction site. IDC4D supports the planner in choosing the plan and detecting the event of workers entering hazardous areas while working. It showed an average precision of 93% and 94% in phase 1 and phase 2, respectively. These findings provide insight into how varying geometries of diverse hazard areas can be handled for enhancing intrusion detection.
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Widyani, Augustina Ika, Maitri Widya Mutiara, and Muhammad Adi Pribadi. "STUDI RUANG KERJA PADA TEMPAT PELATIHAN PROSES BATIK STUDI KASUS: RUMAH BATIK PALBATU, JAKARTA." Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v5i1.11732.2021.
Abstract:
Rumah Batik Palbatu is the center of activities for Palbatu community in learning batik which is located in Jakarta. Until now, Rumah Batik Palbatu has been actively carrying out various programs to preserve and revive the image of batik, especially among young people. Rumah Batik Palbatu Jakarta serves every day from 09.00-16.00. With various activities taking place at Rumah Batik Palbatu Jakarta, the manager stated that the activities could not run optimally due to limited space and facilities. Therefore, this research on batik training workspace is intended to give advice for managers so that activities can run optimally. This study uses the Triangulation Method, that is used to review problems from various points of view, several sources of information and several forms of data, as well as several researchers to analyze in a broad perspective, especially those related to space or interior. The spatial arrangement at Rumah Batik Palbatu is based on the activity pattern. Grouping the types of activities is the main consideration to optimize the activities. Thus the activities do not overlap each other, especially in the implementation of training activities as the main activity of Rumah Batik Palbatu. The results of this study are in the form of an alternative workspace idea design for the manager of the Palbatu Batik House, as well as a cafe procurement plan that will be used for users. Rumah Batik Palbatu adalah pusat aktivitas masyarakat Palbatu dalam belajar membatik yang berlokasi di Jakarta. Hingga saat ini Rumah Batik Palbatu telah aktif melakukan berbagai kegiatan untuk melestarikan dan mengangkat kembali citra batik terutama di kalangan anak muda. Rumah Batik Palbatu Jakarta beroperasi setiap hari dari jam 09.00-16.00. Dengan berbagai kegiatan yang berlangsung di Rumah Batik Palbatu Jakarta, pengelola menyatakan bahwa kegiatan belum dapat berjalan optimal karena keterbatasan ruang dan fasilitasnya. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ruang kerja pelatihan membatik ini ditujukan untuk memberikan masukan bagi pengelola agar kegiatan dapat berjalan dengan lebih optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Triangulasi yang menerapkan beberapa metode digunakan untuk meninjau permasalahan dari berbagai sudut pandang, beberapa sumber informasi dan beberapa bentuk data, serta beberapa orang peneliti untuk memberikan analisis yang memiliki perspektif luas, terutama terkait studi ruang atau interior. Penataan ruang di Rumah Batik Palbatu disusun berdasarkan pola aktivitasnya. Pengelompokan jenis kegiatan merupakan pertimbangan utama agar setiap kegiatan dapat dilaksanakan dengan lebih optimal. Dengan demikian kegiatan tidak saling tumpang tindih, terutama dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan sebagai kegiatan utama Rumah Batik Palbatu. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah berupa alternatif rancangan ide Ruang Kerja bagi pengelola Rumah Batik Palbatu, serta usulan pengadaan kafe yang akan digunakan bagi para pengguna.
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Hart, Simon, and Howard Amos. "The development of performance measures through an activity based benchmarking project across an international network of academic libraries." Performance Measurement and Metrics 15, no. 1/2 (July 8, 2014): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pmm-03-2014-0010.
Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline the findings from the initial stages of an activity-based benchmarking project developed across an international network of academic libraries. Through working on a shared response to the question: “if we enable and support the academic endeavour how do we measure our effectiveness?” the network of libraries is using the formal mechanism of benchmarking as a means of continuous improvement. Design/methodology/approach – Actual improvements as a result of benchmarking are known to arise from considering and looking at processes, tools and techniques rather than from simply comparing and reviewing measurements of activity. The establishment of the Matariki Network of Universities provided the opportunity to begin work on international benchmarking amongst the member libraries. The project is a collaborative exercise involving comparisons across the libraries on a selected number of services and activities that are similar across the institutions and are representative of overall library service provision. In this first stage of the project the focus is on support for teaching and learning, specifically activities and programmes that support the transition of first-year students into university life. To simplify the process the libraries have shared details in relation to specific cohorts of students. In order to achieve this, participating libraries used an online collaborative workspace to respond to a series of questions. These responses were analysed to identify common themes, highlight exemplars and select further topics for discussion. Findings – Acknowledging the challenge of international collaboration, processes and mechanisms were developed. It was important to establish a shared language with a set of agreed terms and definitions. Similarly, taking time for each partner to contribute to the project has been valuable. Consideration of each of the libraries responses to the survey questions reveals a diverse number of activities and practices that represent a strong commitment to the needs of students. Drawing on institutional strategic direction and policy, each library allocates substantial resourcing to these activities and practices. The exercise within the benchmarking project produced a valuable set of data for each library to review and learn from. In terms of managing the project, findings are consistent with those reported in the administration of other benchmarking projects. The libraries are in the early stages of developing a series of common international performance measures. It is evident that learning more detail about assessment processes used across each library is necessary to advance the project aims. Further work with the project partners on measuring the effectiveness of their activities will allow the testing of the application of a maturity model for quality improvement of library assessment practices. Research limitations/implications – The project provides the opportunity to develop a series of performance measures that can be verified across an international network of libraries. Sharing information on activities and practices that impact upon the wider institution provides a means to review and improve library assessment practices. Originality/value – This paper outlines the first benchmarking activity in the development of a review of performance measures through an activity-based benchmarking project. The activity included an international network of academic libraries. This work will lead to benchmarking effectiveness measures and the development of a library assessment capability maturity model. This will offer a development path, and a better understanding of progress, to demonstrate value and provide evidence of successful outcomes.
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Mohamd Tarmizi, Farah Islah, and Elza Azri Othman. "Benefits of Physical Exercise on Working Memory Performance: A Systematic Review of Functional MRI Studies." Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development 9, no. 2 (September 30, 2023): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.5973.2023.
Abstract:
Working memory (WM) is a mental workspace that stores and processes information. A good WM performance has been associated with enhanced cognitive functions. Recent neuroimaging studies show evidence that physical exercises cause functional alterations in specific WM-related brain regions and these neuroplastic changes are presumed to contribute to enhanced WM performance. However, the evidence was based on studies of various types of physical exercise, with each reporting different findings. Furthermore, the effect of the different types of physical exercise on the WM-related brain regions remains elusive as reports are often inconsistent. This paper presents a systematic review of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that have examined the effect of physical exercise on WM performance and the underlying neural mechanism. Articles were searched in the PubMed and Scopus databases and analysed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Five articles were included, of which three reported only on closed-skill exercises and two reported on open-skill and closed-skill exercises. The main finding is that both open-skill and closed-skill exercises can improve WM performance. For open-skill exercises, the types of physical activity found to improve WM performance were tennis, basketball, badminton, ping-pong, soccer, and dodgeball. On the other hand, the close-skill exercises were running, cycling, swimming, jumping ropes, Wushu, jumping jacks, squats, and planks. However, practising yoga was not associated with improved WM performance. Functional imaging revealed that open-skill exercise evoked more significant brain activity in WM-related brain regions than closed-skill exercises. The review also offers recommendations for future works and underscores the importance of fMRI in sports science.
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Ballesteros, Mariana, Manuel A. Lopez-Perez, Rita Q. Fuentes-Aguilar, Pedro E. Chavarrias-Solano, Beatriz Alemón, and Joel C. Huegel. "Automated and Controlled System for Analysis of Residual Limbs Thermograms of Transtibial Amputees." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 4170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094170.
Abstract:
This work describes the development of a controlled cabin for capturing and analyzing thermal images. The motivation of such a device is to aid in the thermal image acquisition process within a confined space. The thermograms generated provide helpful information for analyzing the residual human limb in subjects with transtibial amputation. Such a study proposes a non-intrusive method to study the thermal activity on the amputee residual limb and seek a correlation to the quality of the socket. The proposed cabin ensures the repeatability of the thermograms acquisition process and provides an isolated workspace, thus improving the quality of the samples. The methodology consists of the design of the mechanical elements and parts of the system on computer-aided design software, the electronic instrumentation, a graphic user interface, and the control algorithm based on a barrier Lyapunov function to solve the trajectory tracking for the camera movements, and numerical simulations to illustrate the functionality and the manufacture of a prototype. The results obtained by implementing the control design on the automated cabin reveal that the thermal image acquisition process is completed following the desired trajectory with a mean squared tracking error of 0.0052. In addition, an example of the thermal images of two subjects and the results processing this class of pictures using the designed interface is shown.
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Mudzakir, Yogi, and Wibisono Bagus Nimpuno. "PREFERENSI KARYAWAN TERHADAP RUANG BEKERJA DI RUMAH TINGGAL SELAMA MASA PANDEMI BERDASARKAN KEPRIBADIAN MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR (MBTI)." Vitruvian Jurnal Arsitektur Bangunan dan Lingkungan 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/vitruvian.2021.v10i3.006.
Abstract:
Work from home (WFH) merupakan kegiatan bekerja yang dilakukan dari rumah, kegiatan tersebut bukan merupakan hal baru pada masa revolusi industri 4.0 dan sudah dilakukan sejak tahun 1980an, saat internet telah ditemukan. Namun, kegiatan tersebut massif dilakukan pada saat pandemik covid-19 yang merebak pada tahun 2020 diseluruh dunia. Di Indonesia, kegiatan WFH dilakukan oleh beberapa perusahaan merujuk pada peraturan pemerintah terhadap pengendalian penularan virus. Karyawan dituntut untuk beradaptasi dengan lingkungan bekerja yang baru, yaitu rumah tinggal. Bekerja dari rumah berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan terhadap kesehatan mental, diantara stress hingga depresi, sehingga untuk mengurangi dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat aktifitas bekerja dari rumah, diperlukan sebuah pendekatan dalam perancangan rumah tinggal untuk memenuhi kebutuhan aktifitas bekerja di rumah. Perancangan tersebut disusun berdasarkan pendekatan kepribadian Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) karena setiap individu memiliki keunikan karakter yang berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi, efektifitas kerja dan kesehatan mental. Data diperoleh dari kuesioner terbuka dengan pendekatan visual/gambar. Hasil akhir yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah pola layout ruang bekerja yang diinginkan berdasarkan kepribadian MBTI dari hasil analisis isi. Work from home (WFH) is a work activity that is carried out from home, this activity has been carried out for a long time since the industrial revolution 4.0 began, specifically in the 1980s, when the internet was invented. However, this activity was carried out massively at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic that broke out in 2020 around the world. In Indonesia, WFH activities are carried out by several companies referring to government regulations on controlling virus transmission. Employees are required to adapt to a new work environment, namely a home. Working from home has the potential to cause mental health problems, ranging from stress to depression, so to reduce the impact of working from home, an approach is needed in residential design to meet the needs of working at home activities. The design is based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality approach because each individual has a unique character that affects work efficiency, effectiveness and mental health. Data obtained from open questionnaires with a visual / image approach. The final result obtained from this research is the desired workspace layout pattern based on the MBTI personality from the results of the content analysis.