Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Activités de recherche'
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Almahli, Hadia. "Recherche de triterpénoîdes hémisynthétique à activités pharmacologiques." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA114819.
Full textCenazandotti-Behar, Claire. "L'Internationalisation des activités de recherche-développement des firmes multinationales." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0007.
Full textThis thesis presents a general analysis which combines theory and empiricism in order to estimate the dimension of the internationalisation of Research and Development activities and to understand why, since these activities are strategic, secret and protected, multinational firms localize them in foreign countries. The first chapter shows that this process has to be replaced in recent environmental and organizational changes that have affected firms. Moreover, the first theories emphasize the possession of firms' specific advantages since new developments stress that Foreign Direct Investment in R&D are motivated by the search of tangible or intangible assets which are specific to a country or a particular area. In fact, these conceptions are complementary: if globalisation of technology increases knowledge flows between countries, it also accentuates national differentiation and the specialisation of each area. .
Picard, Michel. "L'activité subversive : à la recherche d'un concept opératoire à partir des controverses juridiques." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100135.
Full textThe inconsiderate use of the notion of subversion within political and judicial texts provoqued an important distortion in understanding and interpreting this notion. This brought an overstatement of the threat it represents and a total dissension over a specific definition. The lack of consensus over the notion of subversion and, consequently, the concept of subversive activity ended the use of these terms in the aforementioned texts. Proposing a practical definition for subversive activity, the present work explains the reasons why the concept strays from what it should be and identifies what is a real subversive activity. In order to establish the basis of the definition herein proposed, it will be applied in a real cases study; the Moon cult
Coulibaly, Noufou. "Déforestation et activités agricoles en Côte d'Ivoire, recherche d'un nouvel équilibre." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26051.pdf.
Full textDa, Silva Pierre. "Une histoire de la recherche de substances naturelles à activités thérapeutiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01038036.
Full textSellami, Basma. "Gouvernement d'entreprise, investissement dans les activités de recherche et développement et performance." Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10049.
Full textIt is commonly shared that research and development investment (R&D) plays a crucial role in the growth and the maintenance of firms' competitiveness especially those operating in high technology sectors. However, while R&D investment is a value creation factor, it can, in the absence of an effective control of managers, enhance managerial discretion. Indeed, given the characteristics of R&D activities (specificity, long term horizon, high risk) and in the presence of interests' conflicts between managers and shareholders, managers may pursue a discretionary policy on R&D investment enabling them to maximize their wealth at the expense of shareholders. In the context of corporate governance theory, various control mechanisms may be involved to discipline managers and to compel them to make strategic decisions, such as R&D investment, in ways that enhance shareholders. In the context of corporate governance theory, various control mechanisms may be involved to discipline managers and to compel them to make strategic decisions, such as R&D investment, in ways that enhance shareholders value. The objective of this thesis is to study the effect of corporate governance mechanisms, in particular ownership structure and board of directors, on the managers' behaviour in R&D investment, firstly, and on the relationship between R&D investment and firm performance, secondly. This study is enriched by incorporating the entrenchment theory as a framework of analysis that retains the assumption of an active behaviour of managers. The results obtained on a sample of French companies listed on the period 2001-2008 shows that R&D expenses and their effect on firm performance depend significantly on the characteristics of ownership structure, board of directors and managers' entrenchment
Brunet, Jean-François. "Recherche et caractérisation des activités anticorps des liquides kystiques des tumeurs cérébrales." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10222.
Full textNjomnang, Soh Patrice. "Recherche de nouveaux composés à activités antipaludiques à partir des différentes pharmacopées traditionnelles." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/349/.
Full textResistance against wide range of antimalarial is a public health problem in endemic zones of malaria. The search of new antimalarial molecules is crucial. Many strategies are explored today and one interesting approach is to study natural products, particular those that have been used in traditional medecine. Ethnopharmacology in Sub-Saharan Africa, bioguided fractionation and screening of marine molecules were our strategie in the research of new antimalarial molecules. Our project consisted of exploring the antimalarial properties of plant extracts and molecules, beginning by in vivo and in vitro antimalarial activity and toxicity, the parasitic stage of molecules or extract activity and the possible potentiation of molecules with current antimalarial drugs. The results showed interesting antimalarial activities of extracts and molecules from Chrozophora senegalensis (Senegal), Phyllanthus niruri (Democratic republic of Congo), Cognauxia podolaena (Congo-Brazzaville) and Sebastiania chamaelea (Niger). The molecules indentified by bioguided fractionation were explored. Girolline showed interesting antimalarial activity in vitro and in vivo with poor selectivity and therapeutic indexes. Moreover, ellagic acid showed interesting antimalarial activity without toxicity. More experiments are needs to understand his antimalarial mechanisms. For girolline, an important pharmacomodulation is envisaged with the preservation of the aminoimidazole ring, to maintained antimalarial activity and reduce toxicity
Cisse, Babou. "L’externalisation des activités militaires et sécuritaires : à la recherche d’une règlementation juridique appropriée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20017.
Full textPrivate military and security companies are legal persons of private law with employees to perform security missions and defense that can give them some states, international organizations or non-state entities. This particular form of production safety is not fully understood by international conventions and domestic laws States. Result of this lack of legal status of these international actors is increasingly involved in the management of conflicts and peacekeeping operations order. Specific obligations of their clients are not determined. This lack of specific guidance proved does not mean that there is a legal vacuum in this sector. Certain international standards and national laws may actually apply to the activities of PMSCs and contractors thereof. Only efficiency that would have such standards in situations that have not been taken into account when adopting them cannot be acquired. Hence a process of international regulation and national regulation initiated in recent years by states but also by international organizations. The companies themselves have felt involved in the production of rules governing their activities and have engaged in the implementation of code of conduct. The imperfection watching all these new rules designed to correct specific deficiencies in international conventions and laws. This requires the proposal of possible solutions in order to better take into account the interests of PMSCs and the protection of those who are exposed to risks that provide private benefits of military security
Archer, Colette. "Les activités manuelles et technologiques au collège de 1882 à 1986 : recherche d'une identité." Lyon 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO20048.
Full text"Handicraft" in "college" has seen many fluctuations. Valued with every implementation of a new reform, it becomes gradually unknown again and finaly its position in the middle of the educational system knows little change. This work has originated starting from these findings. It seeks to establish whether manual and technological activities (mta) in "college" have a specific identity. An historical study ranging from 1882 to 1986 makes it possible to high light the different characteristics of this school subject. Favored references are the official writings and the reports of expert teachers boards. To show the imbrications of different components, the work deals both with specific theoretical and practical aspects of the subject: values, status and roles of the subject; the work, educational background and attitudes of teachers; material aspects. Elements brought to light act as temporary identification according to laps of time defined by the reforms imposed on the school subject. Then a synthesis tries to ascertain whether the subject has gradually acquired this specific identity and this in a positive or negative way; propositions on orientations follow, which should help a cultural assertion of mta's, seen as a testimony and a manifestation of a civilization
Castel, Guillaume. "Recherche de peptides à activités antivirales ciblant le complexe de réplication/transcription des Mononegavirales." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066021.
Full textCarnel, Béatrice. "Les sciences et techniques des activités physiques et sportives et la recherche en didactique." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN1202.
Full textThe problematic of this research is born from questions about academic teacher's least interest for experimental didactics into sport graduate discipline (the french name is : sciences et techniques des activites physiques et sportives : s. T. A. P. S. ), which has historically to form physical education teachers. The first point of the research studies the meanings of de the word "didactics", it's development as doman of study in sport graduate discipline, and the objections which are made to it. The second point is composed by an analysis of interviews to compare situations of fundamentals didactics as domains of study in differents graduates disciplines. The third point deliveries the results of a questionary about didactics addressed all the teachers of sport graduate discipline
Cauvin, Eric. "Développement et test du modèle de comptabilité par activités : une application dans les services." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX32034.
Full textEnvironment evolution changed firms' strategy with a changing of technologies and organizations. This movement questions the traditional management accounting validity with a firm organized in processes and confronted with overheads augmentation. Activity-based costing responds to this problematic. Developed in industry, it can be transferred to services. Our research objective is to test activity-based costing application in services
Shiri, Ghasem Ali. "La structure des activités innovatrices dans le secteur manufacturier français : une vision entrepreneuriale." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010030.
Full textVillame, Thérèse. "Modélisation des activités de recherche d'information dans les bases de données et conception d'une aide informatique." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA131009.
Full textEven though information retrieval computer systems are getting more and more numerous and sophisticated, their access remains difficult for non specialists. The aim of this thesis, developed in an industrial context, is to contribute to the design of more user-friendly computer systems providing actual support. We consider that such a support must not be limited to the improvement of existing tools, but must be integrated into the whole process of information retrieval. From this point of view, the focus of analysis is the user's work practice that must be described as well as explained. We therefore believe that work practice shall be captured within the real work environment, to reflect the context in which it is performed. To understand the actual meaning given by the user to his actions, the analysis has to be centered on user's point of view. We addressed information retrieval activity with the methodological and theoretical "course of action" framework, that aims at taking into account and reflecting these work practice dimensions. Then, we proposed a two level model of construction of this activity. The global construction level shows that information retrieval process is organized by users in a coherent way around practical concerns, and outlines the essential characteristics of activity. The local construction level outlines the explanatory elements, especially the "know-low" and knowledge exercised during activity. Both analysis levels are complementary and provide adequate means to offer a set of organized guidelines for the design of a computer system devoted to database information retrieval
Sierra, Christophe. "Firmes multinationales et dynamique de création technologique : des coûts de transaction aux coûts de coordination : une problématique pour la localisation des activités d'innovation." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/sierra_c.
Full textHassan, Emmanuel. "Interactions et flux de connaissances dans les activités de recherche au sein du domaine des communications spatiales." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090029.
Full textCiccotti, Serge. "Impacts des affects sur les activités socio-cognitives : recherche expérimentale sur les antécédents motivationnels et contingences cognitives." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100078.
Full textCarrincazeaux, Christophe. "L'organisation spatiale de la recherche industrielle : proximité et coordination des activités de R&D des firmes." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40006.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to analyse the role of geographic space in the co-ordination of r&d activities of firms. Chapter one lays down principles of economy of proximity. The spatial agglomeration of r&d activities is generally analysed using the concept of localised technological externalities that are formalised by the new economic geography. Evaluations proposed by the studies of localised knowledge spillovers are not entirely satisfactory (bring about contrasted conclusions). The main hypothesis is that we need to go back to the functions and organisation of r&d in order to take into account not only external effects but also the characteristics of co-ordination within the firm. The aim of the second chapter is to make the concept of proximity operational with regards to the co, ordination of agents. This is done by characterizing the sector-related dynamics of innovation. A general conceptual framework of the role of proximity in the co-ordination of research activities is proposed. The statistical analysis of a survey (carried out in france over 3750 plants having r&d activities) is done in order to elaborate a sector-related taxonomy of proximity relations in industrial research. In the third chapter, the hypothesis used are tested at two different levels (in two successive stages). Information from the survey is used to provide an evaluation of the link between the characteristics of co, ordination and proximity relations in r&d activities. This relation is then tested through an econometric study of the geographic distribution of industrial r&d in france. Results confirm the predominant role of co-ordination by geographical proximity in the spatial organisation of firms r&d in parallel with the extreme diversity of sector-related configurations
Rondeau, Christophe. "Veille technologique et concurrentielle dans les activités de R & D : un processus d'apprentissage : le cas du projet HYMNE." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10011.
Full textFelk, Yacine. "Évaluation et pilotage des activités de recherche dans la R&D centrale de STMicroelectronics : nouveaux principes de management de la recherche industrielle pour l'innovation de rupture." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00617971.
Full textJung, Yung-Jin. "Le cadre juridique des activités spatiales nationales : recherche sur les pays du Nord-Est asiatique : Japon et Corée." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA111024.
Full textSchneider, Christian Michael. "Structure institutionnelle des activités de recherche et transition des économies d'Europe centrale et orientale : le cas des anciens instituts de branche en Pologne et en République tchèque." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010084.
Full textGeorget, Jean-Philippe. "Activités de recherche et de preuve entre pairs à l'école élémentaire : perspectives ouvertes par les communautés de pratique d'enseignants." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426603.
Full textVillotte, Sébastien. "Enthésopathies et activités des hommes préhistoriques - Recherche méthodologique et application aux fossiles européens du Paléolithique supérieur et du Mésolithique." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460387.
Full textCharles, Kevin. "Activités de recherche scientifique et développement économique des territoires : le cas des sciences de la mer en Bretagne Occidentale." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0100/document.
Full textThe place of scientific research activities in the economic dynamics, especially their links with enterprises and territories have been studied largely since the 1990s, and have produced extensive literature. After first synthesizing and putting those studies into perspective, this thesis intends to contribute to the analysis of the role of this research in the economic development of territories, focusing on the local territory. Our reflexion is based on a double case study, both thematic and geographical: the field of marine sciences, with the territories of Brest and Western Brittany (France) as a baseline case. Three types of methods are implemented. First, to characterize the field of marine research, scientific production in that field is analyzed on a global scale. This step highlights the inclusion of this field in the institutional and territorial realities: locally based scientific entities, and even in some cases whole local research systems. Then, the economic benefits related to the localized spending of the research activity are estimated, mainly using an input-output modeling adapted to the regional and local scales. If the results do reveal the relatively limited nature of these benefits in our case study, they also reveal the good potential of the research activity in terms of outputs multipliers, added value and employment. Finally, the impacts of research on supply actors are grasped, namely "knowledge transfer" types of effects. A comparative survey is conducted on two territories: Brest and Bergen (Norway). Several factors, both internal and external to scientific institutions, appear to be decisive in the level and quality of such transfers at large: more specifically, the extent to which the research conducted locally and the locally existing economic activities match. A strong heterogeneity in the distribution of those effects – disciplinary, sectorial and spatial – can also be observed. Overall, the results shed singular and innovative light on the potential integration of the research activity in a territorial development strategy
Cojean, Salome. "Étayage des activités de recherche d’information et d’apprentissage en environnement vidéo : apports de la segmentation et de la structuration." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20038/document.
Full textVideos are more and more used in pedagogical contexts, but presentation formats on specific platforms (e.g., MOOC) are varied and not so much analyzed. However, it seems necessary to focus on processes involved during learning and information seeking (IS) tasks to adapt video-based environments to individuals’ needs and cognitive resources. During learning and IS, scientific literature highlights the importance of individuals’ mental models. To encourage the construction of a relevant mental model, two types of scaffolding are considered in this thesis: the segmentation of the timeline and the structuration of the video content using a table of contents. The first three studies showed that the conjoint use of the two levels of scaffolding enhanced IS performance (study 1), but it did not promote the construction of a relevant mental model of the video content (study 2). During study 3, several presentation format were compared: the pop-up format reduced perceived difficulty of the IS task. The last two studies focused on the effects of scaffolding during a learning task. The presence of scaffolding did not enhanced learning performance (study 4). Nevertheless, when the learner was made active, thanks to an IS task for example, memorization of the video content was improved (study 5). Results are discussed in terms of organizing role of scaffolding enabling effective recovery of information. Scaffolding is here thought to organize incoming information in the video-based environment or in individual’s memory according to the task
Sallem, Wafa. "Synthèse et évaluation des activités pharmacologiques de dérivés pipéraziniques antagonistes du PAF et inhibiteurs de la réplication du VIH-1 : relations structure-activité." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05P617.
Full textThe infection of the central nervous system by HIV-1 occurs early after the systemic infection. Mild to severe neurological complications, as a consequence of this infection, are known as AIDS dementia complex. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a neurotoxin, plays an important role in these neurological dysfunctions. Our laboratory showed that a trisubstituted piperazine, PMS 601, presents a PAF-receptor antagonist activity (8 µM IC50) and an anti-HIV-1 activity in monocyte-derived macrophages infected with HIV-1/BaL (11 µM EC50). We describe here the structure-activity relationships study realized around PMS 601 in order to increase its dual activity. Molecular modelling and 3D electrostatic potential maps calculation of certain compounds are also presented to understand their anti-PAF activity
Bessouat, Jeanne. "Un modèle de référence pour l'application de l'ABC dans le cadre de la réorganisation des activités de l'entrepôt : une recherche-intervention chez FM Logistic." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB010/document.
Full textThe logistics service provider (3PL) is reorganizing the activities of its warehouse to be efficient (C.-L. Liu and Lyons 2011). In fact, 3PL needs a detailed knowledge of the cost of the activities of its warehouses. The theoretical framework of this thesis lies at the intersection between warehouse, design and costs. Concerning the design of the warehouses, the selection, and especially the identification of all resources, are not much studied (S. S. Heragu et al. 2005; Gu, Goetschalckx, and McGinnis 2010). Concurrently, activity-based costing (ABC) is a cost calculation method which is little applied for obtaining warehouse costs (Pirttilä and Hautaniemi 1995). Several obstacles hinder its application, including the lack of formalization in the definition of activities (Waeytens and Bruggeman 1994).Using qualitative research within the enterprise FM Logistic, a classification of warehouse resources and a reference model of warehouse activities are proposed. The warehouse resource classification allows the identification of all the warehouse resources. The classification is then mobilised within the reference model of warehouse activities. The reference model facilitates the application of the ABC by standardizing the vocabulary to define the activities of the warehouse. The reference model is then employed for different applications, as part of the design of warehouse activities of a logistic service provider
Larrue, Philippe. "La coordination des activités de recherche et d'innovation dans les phases d'emergence : les cas des batteries pour véhicules électriques et hybrides." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40025.
Full textBertrand, Thierry. "Difficultés d'implantation des dispositifs ABC/ABM : contribution à la constitution de savoirs actionnables à partir d'une recherche intervention." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT4017.
Full textMangin, Nicolas. "Les sources des tensions ressenties dans la gestion des activités de recherche et de développement : Une étude de cas exploratoire." Phd thesis, HEC, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00990510.
Full textCaporiccio, Bertrand. "Recherche sur quelques activités biologiques d'un polysaccharide sulfate acide : extrait et caractérisé chez une algue marine Asparagopsis armata (Rhodophycee, Bonnemaisoniale)." Perpignan, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PERP0185.
Full textRivard, Louis. "La comptabilité par activités appliquée à la petite entreprise manufacturière de haute technologie de moins de 50 employés : une recherche action." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1997. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4936/1/000638667.pdf.
Full textGallaud, Delphine. "Proximités et conflits dans les projets d'innovation en coopération : le cas des activités de biotechnologie en France." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090002.
Full textDuring the eighties, small Sme's of the so-called " Third Italy " has achieved high performances. Italian Scholars underline the importance of geographic proximity to innovate in cooperation. These works open the way to a set of theories based on the same But all these works have often postulated the real importance of geographic proximity to innovate, and the one of cooperation. Besides, the part of organizational proximity has been underestimated. So our problematic is to bring to the fore what are the factors which explain the coupling of geographic and organizational proximity
Zaghouani, Imen. "Les déterminants psychobiologiques des activités physiques à risque." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIML014.
Full textRisk-taking behaviors constitute a growing domain, yet not well known. Our research’s goal aimed at identifying the psychobiological and emotional determinants of risky physical activities: rally, lifestyle sports, horse riding, golf players and circus artists (N = 507). We compared the temperament and character of young horse riders and young golfers, both in Tunisia and in France. We then compared the telic dominance of participants in different kinds of sports. We also tested changes in emotional states, neuroticism, escape and alexithymia related to risk-taking. Finally, we identified the personality profiles, specifically the telic dominance and sensation seeking and the perceived stress among circus artists. We have followed the evolution of their cortisol level while training and during a show. The results show that the horse riders and golfers have a high score on persistence and harm avoidance. Motor sports imply more risk-taking than lifestyle sports. The rally context allows its followers to decrease their level of negative affect, neuroticism and alexithymia, which contributes to the adoption of reckless behaviors. Circus artists are paratelic, sensation seekers, and perceive a low level of stress; their cortisol level is higher during the show than on a training day. Overall, we could identify the individual differences that would promote involvement in physical activities at risk, while noting the role of motivational, emotional, biological variables and personality factors in the understanding of such a commitment
Eang, Rothmony. "Mise au point d'outils de recherche et étude de modifications post-traductionnelles du protéasome 20S humain." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/376/.
Full textThe 20S proteasome, the multi-catalytic core particle of proteasome 26S, a major component of the Ub-P pathway playing a fundamental role in many basic cellular processes and in cancer since the majority of intracellular proteins, including many tumor suppressor proteins, are regulated by this pathway. Accordingly, it is very attractive for recent and innovative cancer treatment strategy. The proteasome inhibitor VelcadeTM/bortezomib has proven successfully anti-tumoral activity in vitro and in vivo with multiple tumor cell lines. Therefore, it was the first marketed proteasome inhibitor for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. Nevertheless, adverse reactions have been found when using VelcadeTM and efforts are currently made to find modulatory molecules with different mechanism action in order to diminish side effects. During the thesis here, we focus our efforts on two mechanisms found to modify the proteasome activity: the post-translational modifications by phosphorylation and the change of catalytic subunits leading to immunoproteasome expression. We found that beta7 subunit was phosphorylated on serine249 residues using a rationally developed antibody. The ?7 phosphorylated form could be able to be dephosphorylated by acid phosphatase treatment and as a result, the PGPH activity was affected, whereas the other activities remained unchanged after the treatment. Moreover, the serine-phosphorylation on ?7 subunit was observed in a panel of non-tumoral and tumoral cell lines and we found a decrease amount of phosphorylated serine on ?7 subunits of the studied tumoral cell lines compared to the experimental non-tumoral cell lines, suggesting its possible use as a biomarker. .
Pronovost, Marie-Sol. "Comparaison de deux activités de connaissance de soi dans le cadre de groupes de counseling avec une clientèle adulte en recherche d'emploi." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/605.
Full textRamzaoui, Hanane. "Recherche visuelle et activités instrumentales de la vie quotidienne : Influence des niveaux de traitement dans le vieillissement normal et la maladie d’Alzheimer." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR2033.
Full textElderly people, in particular those with Alzheimer's disease (AD), show impaired visual search performance. As instrumental activities of daily living (IADL, e.g., cooking) involve searching for one or more objects in the environment, search deficits may impact quality of life. Research so far on normal aging and AD have often decontextualized visual scenes. Thus, we know very little about how search can be guided by bottom-up perceptual and top-down cognitive factors in more realistic scenes for these two populations. Through four experimental studies, this thesis aims to investigate the influence of top-down and bottom-up factors on search oculomotor behaviour in realistic scenes (e.g., a photograph of a kitchen) and real environments (experimental rooms) in normal aging and AD, and then, to investigate the influence of both top-down guidance and IADL complexity on visual exploration during IADL in patients at the mild stage of AD. Our results indicate that reliance on a target’s perceptual salience is more pronounced with advanced age and AD pathology. Healthy older adults rely comparably as young adults on scene semantic consistency to guide their searches in realistic scenes, and even more on contextual knowledge when searching for objects in a real environment. In AD, the influence of context on search guidance is reduced in realistic scenes. Interestingly, a precise target template (provided by a pictorial cue) normalises the performance of AD patients during search within a real environment. In realistic scenes, AD patients also showed benefits from a precise target template to guide their search, but the facilitation of distractor disengagement is reduced. Unexpectedly, the benefit from a precise target template is more pronounced in young adults than in older healthy adults. This could be explained by a reduction in the resolution of visual information maintained in working memory as people age. Regarding IADL completion in AD, guidance by task goals is only reduced for IADL that require a high level of top-down executive processing. Overall, our results suggest that top-down and bottom-up guidance can be considered as efficient environmental supports and that analysis of eye movement during IADL can be of great interest for the detection of functional impairment in AD
Atangana, José-Alain. "Evaluation des activités de recherche et développement et divulgation d'information dans le rapport annuel : le cas des entreprises côtées au SBF 250." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10391.
Full textAmong published writings, several studies and researches were carried out in order to determine the investors’ information needs. These works concluded to the emergence of non-Financial information relating to companies’ intangible assets. R&D activities are ones of those. Using the SBF250 index for years 2005 and 2006 as sample, we raised the question about the usefulness of non-Financial information disclosed within the framework of R&D. In other words, does communicating on this information enable investors to assess R&D projects?This question leads us to study the link (using the value relevance approach) between this nonfinancial information and market values (prices and returns). The results show that non-Financial information about R&D is unfavorably and meaningfully linked to market values
Afolabi, Babajide. "LA CONCEPTION ET L'ADAPTATION DE LA STRUCTURE D'UN SYSTÈME D'INTELLIGENCE ECONOMIQUE PAR L'OBSERVATION DES COMPORTEMENTS DE L'UTILISATEUR." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135994.
Full textNous proposons, donc, un modèle fondé sur les besoins informationnels de l'utilisateur qui intègre les caractéristiques individuelles de l'utilisateur, ses activités, son objectif de recherche, le contexte d'utilisation des résultats et l'ensemble d'informations disponibles. Le modèle permet de mieux connaître les attentes des usagers du système en termes d'évolution de leurs connaissances.
Ce modèle est implanté dans une interface graphique conçue pour le moteur de recherche d'informations déjà développé au sein de l'équipe SITE
Zeyer, Estelle. "Inhibition de la mélanose post-mortem chez la crevette Penaeus monodon : Étude des activités enzymatiques phénoloxydases et recherche de conservateurs alternatifs aux sulfites." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0477/document.
Full textEnzymatic browning, called post mortem melanosis in crustaceans, is an enzymatic phenomenon catalyzed by proteins with phenoloxidase activities (tyronase, catecholase, laccase and hemocyanin). The use of sulfite preservatives (E220 to E228 and E539) remains at present the most widespread solution to avoid the development of this unattractive color towards consumers. But, a part of the population develops hypersensitivity reactions by consuming sulfited foods. With the objective to find an alternative to these conversators, two research axes have been planned : the biochemical characterization of the proteins responsible for post mortem melanosis in the P. monodon shrimp, then the search for inhibitory molecules. Fractionation on Phenyl Sepahrose™ CL-4B resin (HIC) followed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis separation showed the presence of three proteins of 46, 82 and 89 kDa with mainly laccase activity. Identification by RP-HPLC-Q / TOF revealed the presence of hemocyanin only. A pH of 7.0 and a temperature between 37 and 50 °C showed the most important activities, using the enzymatic assay called "MBTH test". On the other hand, a high throughput screening of 45 potentially inhibitory molecules could be performed under standardized analysis conditions thanks to the robotic tools of the Realcat platform
Neagoie, Cleopatra. "Synthèse d'analogues de lamellarines : évaluation de leurs activités biologiques." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2029/document.
Full textCancer is nowadays a major problem of public health and is the subject of many researches. Numerous molecules have been synthetized with the aim of finding more efficient and selective drugs with less secondary effects. The lamellarins can be found among these molecules. Lamellarins are a family of marine alkaloids, isolated from the prosobranch mollusk « Lamellaria ». More than 35 lamellarins have been isolated to date and only a few show interesting bioactive properties. Moreover, these compounds have been reported for their efficiency in the treatement of multi-drug resistant (MDR). In the course to design original active products, the structure of lamellarins was simplified by reduction of the number of rings and the introduction of an indol as the core of the molecule. The biological activities are reported in the document and analysed
Jouravel, Glorianne. "Stratégies innovantes pour une valorisation d’extraits de plantes en cosmétique : Mise en oeuvre d’un outil de profilage métabolique et recherche de nouvelles activités biologiques." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2017.
Full textThe cosmetic field valorizes plant extracts by integrating them in care products. These extracts constitute the active ingredients of the cosmetic formulation. Plants are diverse, rich and contain numerous compounds of biological interest. Phytochemistry is a way to describe the metabolic content of plant extracts. But molecular characterization of these complex matrices remains a major challenge nowadays. Indeed,steps of data treatment are time-consuming and laborious. In this way, a tool of metabolic profiling, GAINS, has been developed in order to treat in an automatized way data from analyses performed in liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. It constitutes a real support for phytochemists because automatized data treatment allows gaining time compared to manual treatment. This tool, associated with a large database of natural compounds make possible to assign potential candidates to detected peaks. GAINS appeals a module of in silico fragmentation for holding candidates assignments up.This permits to compare modeled spectrum of fragmentation of candidates with experimental spectrum off ragmentation.The whole set of phytochemical studies realized to identify or isolate compounds goes hand in hand with the study of potential biological effects of extracts to the skin, targeted organ by skin-care products. This allows the discovery of beneficial actions that the extract could have. By knowing the phytochemical content, it is possible to explain and rationalize assays about biological activities. The development of an anti-aging ingredient from purple loosestrife, a plant occurring in the region Centre-Val de Loire, is an example of it
Cartonnet, Yves. "Recherche expérimentale sur les relations entre la vision stéréoscopique et les activités cognitives de conception en bureau d'études mécaniques : préalable à la CAO en relief." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX10044.
Full textSentein, Daniel. "L’adaptation du système médico-social français au modèle européen : gouvernance d’entreprise sociale, organisation, environnement, activités." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL20019.
Full textThe first part of this research investigates the parallel paths of economic and social developments throughout history, and then describes the current issues relevant to the internal and external social and medico-social partners. The study especially tries to explain the resistance to change and the breaking lines caused by law N° 2002-2 of January 2nd, 2002. Our research shows how this sector, producer of social bonds, paradoxically marginalised itself. The second part is an attempt at predicting in which way European contribution in company management, as well as those of economic science, can help this sector to renovate itself and recover its legitimacy. Through the analysis of the major uncertainties in this sector, the research identifies five key variables which condition the restructuring and the longg-term future of the institutions and services. The study opens on the design of a reference document and assessments tools for prospective management
Sevin, Élodie. "L'activité de consommation marchande dans le contexte d'une première maternité : de l'anticipation à la prise de rôle de mère." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL12017.
Full textThe French market for childcare has grown at a rate comparable to that of the fertility rate. The moment of a first birth, which is now highly marketed, corresponds to an important, yet-to-be experienced period of time in a woman’s life, one that corresponds to the adoption of a new social role (that of mother) and commitment to the career of ‘mother’. Inspired by the comprehensive interactionist tradition, this study attempts to renew the perception of the consumer market activity that unfolds during a woman’s first pregnancy, when the new maternal is learned, then adopted, and the status assigned. The study builds on the analysis of a corpus of empirical data collected through observations and interviews with pregnant women and young mothers as well as a collection of documents and comments of various places of merchandising. The primary results are organised around three phases that we have identified in the period of consumption during pregnancy and which are adjusted during the initial period of motherhood. The maternal role is learned, and co-constructed from early pregnancy by following the path of consumption: the onset of buying and consuming, the increase of purchasing and consumption, and the completion of the purchasing and consuming. The results and prospects of research combine to provide companies, whose business is related to maternity and childcare, a better understanding of the type of consumer behaviour encountered and recommendations on marketing techniques
Lauvaux, Léonie. "Broder la pornographie. À la recherche d'un désir féminin." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20079/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to interrogate how women artists use pornography in the subversiv stitch. This reflection might seem paradoxical. Why do women artists embroider pictures of objectified women ? Why use embroidery ? And why appropriate pornography that is made by men for men ? The analysis of a large corpus of embroiedered works, though the lens of gender studies and porn studies, allows to seize the issues of this peculiar approach. Women artists use a medium defined as essentialist to decompose – from the inside – the patriarchal values inherited from the textile tradition. Through the embroidered representation of the sexual – even of their own sexuality – women artist are led to question their own gender identity. The Embroidered sexual allows one to reappropriate their body and imaginary – and to interrogate themself about their identity (through a medium primarily perceived as gendered). This construction of the self is submitted to a double paradox, hich is the use of a feminine medium – subverted by artistic hijacking – and pictures of objectified female bodies, whereas the whole purpose is actually to reappropriate those bodies. Somewhere between those paradoxes might emerge and be thought the identity – of woman and artist – in a androcentric society
Dia, Abdérahim. "Enseignement / évaluation en FLE : exploration des liens pour faire évoluer les pratiques : une expérience de recherche - action en classe de collège au Cap Vert." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC003.
Full textIn Cape Verdean schools, we found that the format of the evaluation tests reflects those lesson plans and in turn the teaching approaches. These are mainly focused on mastering the language structures, which is to say on the restitution of knowledge supposed to be acquired. Specialists of Sciences Hadji Education (1997), Scallon (2007) and the didactics of languages as Tagliante(2005), Veltcheff (2009) advocate the renewal of how to assess to build communication skills based the formative evaluation. For the teaching of French in Cape Verdean schools, review thecurrent format with the introduction of the four language activities to build communication skills may require us to adopt a particular approach. This would be built as modules based on the evaluation objectives previously defined from the level of the Common European Framework of Reference descriptors for Languages (CEFR 2001). Being enrolled in school, how can we implement this particular approach? For this study, conducted by a solitary action research approach, we opted for the allocation of each language activity to a quarter over two years constituting the first cycle of secondary education. These new approaches to teaching / learning / assessment based on formative assessment enabled a group of students to build communicative language skills from A1
Defer, Diane, Professeur Nathalie Bourgougnon, and Mcf Yannick Fleury. "Recherche d'activités antimicrobiennes chez des mollusques marins. Purification et caractérisation partielle de peptides antimicrobiens isolés à partir de l'hémolymphe de Crassostrea gigas et de bactéries associées." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485008.
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