Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Activité motrice – Développement'
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Lebon, Florent. "Efficience du travail mental sur le développement et le recouvrement des capacités motrices : force musculaire et imagerie motrice." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00570124.
Full textKably, Bouchra. "Plasticité post-lésionnelle de la voie pyramidale au cours du développement chez le chat : approches comportementale et anatomique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30053.
Full textCremieux, Jacques. "Vision du mouvement et comportement moteur : développement et contrôle des coordinations visuo-motrices." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22112.
Full textGuilbert, Jessica. "L’ intégration sensorielle dans le développement de l’imagerie motrice chez les enfants." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN1022.
Full textThese last years, numerous studies have suggested that motor imagery development is intimately related to the unfolding ability to generate and monitor internal models of action involved in feedforward control. Improvement of feedforward control during childhood is intimately related to the ability to integrate sensorimotor information (especially visual and proprioceptive) in order to control motor actions. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether motor imagery is also related to sensorimotor integration. The main goal the present researches is to determine to which extent motor imagery ability varies according to sensory information related to the simulated action. In order to reach this goal, four experiments were conducted in 5-, 7- and 9 year-old children. A mental chronometry paradigm was used in a situation based on a walking task. The main results show that the ability to evoke proprioceptive consequences of one’s own action emerges at approximately 7 years of age, because of the improvement of proprioceptive acuity. Before 7 years of age, children rely on other sensory modalities (visual and/or auditory) to generate a simulated action of their own displacement. In 7 and 9 year-old children, motor imagery can involve the use of different modalities not only proprioceptive but also visual and/or auditory. Taken together, results suggest that motor imagery development is related to the ability of children to process and use sensory information required for the planning and controlling of actions. Our data are important for motor rehabilitation since the use of sensory information could help to improve motor imagery ability in children
Brocard, Frédéric. "Contributions des afférences sensorielles, des voies descendantes et des motoneurones à la maturation posturale : études chez le rat nouveau-né." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11032.
Full textLefèvre, Carole. "Posture, tonus musculaire et attention visuelle chez les nourrissons de 3 et 5 mois." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H043.
Full textLaroche, Ève-Marie. "Comparaison des habiletés liées à la dextérité manuelle et à l'intégration visuo-motrice entre les enfants nés prématurés et les enfants nés à terme âgés de 5 ans 9 mois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25854.
Full textEvrard, Doriane. "Motricité spontanée, fonctionnements exécutifs et régulation émotionnelle : étude développementale chez les enfants grands prématurés." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUEL581.
Full textThis thesis proposes a developmental psychological approach of prematurity. More precisely, early signs in preterm infants (less than 33 weeks of gestational age) of normal development have been investigated. Firstly, spontaneous motricity has been measured via actigraphic techniques in the goal to valid the diagnostic and pronostic value of such measures. At early as 35 weeks of gestational age, the results demonstrate the possibility to differentiate two motor activity profiles. Secondly, we compared the cognitive and emotional development of these preterm infants with full-term infants at 12 and 24 months. Particularly, we focused on executive processes and emotional regulation behaviors in two distinct problem solving tasks. At 12 months, the intention scores at three steps task show no statistical differences between the two groups. Nevertheless, the preterm infants more preferentially direct their actions towards the object than the adult. At 24 months, the results at a complex task with delay reveal no differences in the executive processes between the two groups. The results if emotional regulation behaviors are in well-accordance with those obtained at 12 months. Finally, a longitudinal approach shows that performance at a specific problem solving task at 12 months are not predictive of those observed at 24 months. To conclude, a psychological approach enlightens new perspectives and the interest of an interdisciplinary approach of the prematurity follow-up
Dupuis, Orlane. "Altérations de la fonction motrice induites par une restriction sensorimotrice précoce chez le rat : implication du dialogue muscle-cerveau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS106.
Full textChildhood is a period of construction of the organism, during which interactions with the environment and regular physical activity are necessary for the maturation of neuronal networks. Thus, a constant dialogue between muscle and brain ensures the harmonious development of motor functions. However, atypical sensorimotor activity (whether due to lack of physical activity, neurodevelopmental disorders or pathological situations such as prolonged bed rest) disrupts the muscle-brain dialogue and a deleterious and self-perpetuating cycle is established: atypical sensorimotor activity generates abnormal/atypical movements which induce atypical somatosensory feedback to the immature central nervous system. This leads to disorganization of sensorimotor circuits and motor control is altered. Muscle properties are affected, which impacts movement and reinforces the production of abnormal movements. All of these elements could ultimately affect the child's future life. However, the consequences of atypical sensorimotor activity on the development of the neuromuscular system remain fragmentary to date and deserve special interest.The main objective of this thesis is to improve our understanding of the effects of sensorimotor restriction (SMR) on muscle-brain dialogue. To address this issue, studies were carried out using an animal model of SMR, which consists of immobilizing hindlimbs of the pups from postnatal day 1 (PND1) to PND28. This model reproduces a motor phenotype close to that described in patients with developmental coordination disorder (long-lasting musculoskeletal changes, locomotor deficits, spinal hyperreflexia, etc.).A first study focused on the effects of SMR on the maturation of the neuromuscular system through analysis of neurodevelopmental reflexes which are closely related on muscle development and are also reliable indicators of neurological and behavioral development. In addition to the sensorimotor neuronal pathway, muscle and brain also communicate via the endocrine pathway, especially through myokines, molecules secreted by skeletal muscles in response to physical activity. Among these myokines, interest has focused on irisin and its precursor (FNDC5). Irisin is considered to be a true mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise in the central nervous system, where it notably induces BDNF expression. Thus, in a second study, we quantified myokines (irisin) levels in muscle dans brain. Finally, we wanted to determine whether early RSM (from P1 to P28) could have long-term functional effects (P60-P90).These studies demonstrate that SMR induces 1) a decrease in body weight and atrophy of hindlimb muscles, preferentially affecting the soleus; 2) a delay in motor development and in the appearance of the main neurodevelopmental reflexes; 3) an increase in FNDC5/irisin in soleus, plasma and some brain structures, without any change for BDNF and 4) long-term effects including motor performance impairment.Thus, SMR and weak interactions with the environment during development lead to impaired maturation of neuromuscular system. The increase in FNDC5/irisin in the soleus suggests the existence of an adaptive mechanism that could reduce impact of SMR. Finally, the effects of SMR at P60-P90 support the idea that there are critical, “programming” periods, during which negative factors such as physical inactivity can lead to short- and long-term consequences
Gomes, Lisboa de Souza Adriana. "Développement d'un outil d'aide à l'évaluation motrice d'enfants atteints de maladies neuromusculaires par des kinésithérapeutes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI045.
Full textThe MFM is a validated functional evaluation scale for the diagnosis and clinical monitoring of patients with neuromuscular disease. It anticipates the adaptation needs of patients, provides a common language for all professionals and assesses the effects of different therapeutic treatments. To improve the performance of measurements, the reproducibility of evaluations and patient participation, it is proposed to develop a tool, based on accessible technologies, for assisting therapists. Thus, this thesis is developed along four research axes: (1) the choice of a 3D motion sensor to replace the Microsoft KinectTM sensor, (2) the development of software on a Tablet for the assessment of fine motor skills, (3) the proposal of a playful environment to motivate the young patients during the evaluations and (4) proposals to integrate the tool into the current practices of the therapists. This working context strongly suggests the use of a user-centered design approach (UCD), in which therapists and patients are asked to express their needs at each stage of the design process. As results, replacing the Kinect, the VicoVr sensor showed better performance in the context of MFM than the Intel® RealSenseTM sensor. The automatic fine motor rating TabMe2 software developed obtained very good results for 3 items considered from the MFM. 7 fun animations for the MFM were developed according to an approach resulting from the development of Serious Games. Finally, an integration of all the tools developed has been proposed through a custom interface already familiar to physiotherapists, to facilitate their adherence
Skoura, Xanthi. "Simulation mentale du mouvement : une approche life-span." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOL033.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to examine the motor prediction process from a life-span perspective. We carried out 3 experiments, in which we compared the temporal parameters of executed (EM) and imagined movements (IM) of young and elderly adults. Our results showed an isochrony between IM and EM for all adults when the motor task did not imply high spatiotemporal constraints. However, when the spatiotemporal difficulty of the task increased, a significant temporal difference occurred between IM and EM in elderly adults only. This difference was greater for the non-dominant arm (MND, left) than the dominant arm (MD, right). These results suggest a progressive decline of motor prediction with advance in age. We also examined the capacity of children, age 6, 8, 10 years, to imagine their own movements (tracing between mazes with different widths). In the 1st study, we found that children did modulate the duration of IM according to the maze widths, as they did for the EM, and that duration of IM was inferior to that of EM for all maze widths and for all children. However, we found that the correlation between the duration of EM and IM significantly increased with age. In the 2nd study, we examined if manual preference is integrated into the action representation. Our findings revealed that EM and IM were faster for the MD compared to MND. These results suggest a progressive improvement of motor prediction with age and also put forward the idea that manual preference is early integrated into action representation
Bonneton, Nathalie. "Le développement des actes moteurs du jeune enfant : analyse comparée des gestes d'atteinte et de trace." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUEL420.
Full textThis study looks at the motor organization of pointing and drawing movements in the third year of age. Thirty seven children between the ages of 26 and 38 months performed a pointing and a drawing task on the horizontal plane. In both tasks, the child had to join two separate points. The location of the target was defined by its distance from the child (13 or 20 cm) and its direction with respect to the child's mid-body line (5 positions, ranging from 90° to the right and 90° to the left). A kinetic analysis can account for the organization of pointing and drawing movements during thie third year of life. First, these two tasks lead to conclude that similar mechanisms exist to integrate spatial information in a motor task : mean speed and amplitude of peak velocity are increased when the distance to cover is longer (isochrony). Second, our results show a differentiation between drawing and pointing concerning the planning of the trajectories. A third experience enables us to conclude that this differentiation is not attributable to the pen trace
Mattard-Labrecque, Carolanne, and Carolanne Mattard-Labrecque. "Association entre les habiletés motrices et de traitement de l'information sensorielle et les comportements adaptatifs chez les enfants avec un trouble du spectre autistique de haut niveau (TSA-HN) ou un trouble du déficit de l'attention et hyperactivité (TDAH)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23291.
Full textL’association entre les diagnostics de trouble du spectre autistique de haut niveau (TSA-HN) et de trouble du déficit de l’attention et hyperactivité (TDAH) est fréquente, bien qu’il s’agisse de diagnostics mutuellement exclusifs. Les études comparatives des habiletés sensorielles, motrices et adaptatives auprès de ces deux clientèles sont rares. L’étude visait à comparer les habiletés sensori-motrices et les comportements adaptatifs des enfants avec un diagnostic de TSA-HN + TDAH avec ceux ayant un TDAH ou un TSA-HN seul, et à déterminer l’association entre les habiletés sensori-motrices et l’autonomie. Trente-quatre enfants, âgés de 5 à 14 ans (TSA-HN+TDAH : 13, TDAH : 17, TSA-HN : 4) ont été évalués avec le Profil sensoriel, le Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd editition (BOT-II) et l’Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, 2nd edition (ABAS-II). Les enfants avec un TSA-HN+TDAH présentent plus d’atteintes sensorielles, motrices et adaptatives que ceux avec un TDAH. Le niveau d’autonomie est corrélé avec de meilleures habiletés sensorielles et motrices. Des interventions adaptées aux déficits sensori-moteurs permettraient potentiellement d’améliorer l’autonomie de ces enfants.
The association between attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and high functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) is frequent even though they are considered as mutually exclusive diagnosis. Studies comparing sensory, motor and adaptive skills between these two diagnoses are rare. The study aimed to compare sensory processing, motor skills, and adaptive behaviors in children with a diagnosis of HFASD + ADHD to children with HFASD or ADHD alone, and to determine the relation between sensorymotor skills and adaptive behaviors. Thirty-four children, aged 5-14 years (HFASD + ADHD: n = 13, ADHD: = 17, HFASD: n=4) were evaluated with the Sensory profile, BOT-II and ABAS-II. Compared to children with ADHD alone, children with HFASD + ADHD had poorer sensory processing, motor skills and adaptive behaviors. For all children, increased autonomy in self-care was correlated with better sensory and motor skills. Interventions aiming to improve sensory and motor skills could help to increase autonomy in self-care.
The association between attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and high functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) is frequent even though they are considered as mutually exclusive diagnosis. Studies comparing sensory, motor and adaptive skills between these two diagnoses are rare. The study aimed to compare sensory processing, motor skills, and adaptive behaviors in children with a diagnosis of HFASD + ADHD to children with HFASD or ADHD alone, and to determine the relation between sensorymotor skills and adaptive behaviors. Thirty-four children, aged 5-14 years (HFASD + ADHD: n = 13, ADHD: = 17, HFASD: n=4) were evaluated with the Sensory profile, BOT-II and ABAS-II. Compared to children with ADHD alone, children with HFASD + ADHD had poorer sensory processing, motor skills and adaptive behaviors. For all children, increased autonomy in self-care was correlated with better sensory and motor skills. Interventions aiming to improve sensory and motor skills could help to increase autonomy in self-care.
Jover, Marianne. "L'ajustement postural anticipé entre 2 et 4 ans : développement et anticipation du poids des objets." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUEL432.
Full textThis thesis analyses anticipatory postural adjustements ( APA) in a weight loading task at age 20 to 40 months. Postural preparation and perturbations are measured by cinematic and stabilometric indicators. We compare loading by the child to loading by the experimenter. From age 20 months onward, postural stabilisation is more efficient when loading is active. APA become more efficient over 30 months of age. The effect of previous knowledge of the weight of objects in APA to the loading by the experimenter is then explored. From 30 months onward, postural perturbations are limited when the child first manipulated the object and the use of deceptive weights induces a significant deterioration of the postural stabilisation. The development of APA differ according to wether the subjection to the perturbation is internal or external. In the former case, APA are clearly present from 20 months on and the latter, it is from 30 months that the child resort to representation of weight for APA
Corbin-Berrigan, Laurie-Ann. "Division de l'attention et traversée d'obstacle fixe chez une population d'enfants nés prématurément, en âge scolaire : implications cognitives et motrices." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29466/29466.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive and motor performances of preterm children (24-36 weeks of gestation) aged 9 years (N=9; mean age: 9.41(0.65) years) and to compare them to full term born children’s (N=7; mean age: 9.39(0.62) years) performances. The protocol used, obstacle negotiation while dual tasking, was ecological in nature and represented motor and cognitive challenges that school-aged children face while performing recreational and sporting activities. Three dimentional movement analysis were done in order to quantify cognitive and motor performances. Participants walked under four conditions: unobstructed walking, obstructed walking, walking with Animal-Stroop task, and obstructed walking with Animal-Stroop task. Results demonstrate that the differences in performance between groups increases as the tasks become harder. These results confirm that premature children when facing a complex environment involving both cognitive and motor tasks will show decrements/adjustments in both tasks. This population is able to perform complex tasks but needs to reallocate their attention to focus on the motor requirements of the task in order to succeed.
Veyrie, Marina. "Cartographie et prédiction des fonctions motrices et cognitives après résection d'une tumeur cérébelleuse au cours du développement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10257.
Full textCerebellar tumors are common in children, and the deficits encountered at diagnosis or after treatment are heterogeneous. The anatomical and functional bases of cerebellar functions are being increasingly studied, offering new insights into the cerebellum’s involvement in the developing motor and cognitive functions in humans. However, these studies, employing various techniques (neuroimaging, direct electrical stimulation), failed to reach a consensus regarding the involvement of different cerebellum regions in these functions. Whereas a few studies supported the dissociation between anterior and posterior cerebellum, involved in motor and cognition respectively, others supported the idea that a strict (anterior/posterior) dichotomy was not so clear (e.g. motor activity associated with both anterior and posterior cerebellum). The studies carried out in this thesis were based on anatomical data obtained by magnetic resonance imaging, clinical data (histological type of tumor, type of treatment, lesion volume), and neuropsychological data (motor and cognitive tests) from children who underwent cerebellum tumor resection. The aim was, for study 1; to investigate the cerebellum's correlates between cerebellar tumor lesions and motor and cognitive abilities and, for study 2; to understand how a child's cognitive performance at the time of diagnosis may influence post-treatment performance in these children. For the first study, we used voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) of the cerebellum to assess the causal relationships between tumor lesion location and post-operative motor and cognitive performance. To this end, we performed lesion tracing on preoperative MRI scans of 45 patients with cerebellar lesions, and postoperative neuropsychological tests to measure motricity (manual dexterity, ataxia) and cognition (general intelligence efficiency) at 4 years post-surgery. The results showed greater motor and cognitive deficits in children with lesions of the posterior cerebellum (such as lobules VIIIa and IX for motricity; VIIIa and VIIIb for cognition). This suggests that the entire cerebellum is involved in motor and cognitive functions. The second, longitudinal, study highlights the evolution of motor and cognitive abilities or deficits over time. Children with cerebellar tumor lesions were evaluated at the time of diagnosis (n=15) and 6 months (n=9) and 18 months (n=5) after surgical and/or drug treatment, using neuropsychological tests (motor skills, intelligence, executive functions and quality of life). According to the cognitive reserve hypothesis (the brain's ability to use its resources to compensate and maintain its functions), we wanted to test whether cognition before surgery could predict post-surgery deficits. The results showed that children with higher preoperative intelligence performed better postoperatively, and that this effect was mediated by age. Taken together, these studies allowed to test the hypotheses that the anterior and posterior part of the cerebellum are both involved in motor and cognitive functions, but also that the pre-surgery cognition is predictive of post-operative recovery. These results are not only important at the fundamental level but are also essential for improving the care of these children, particularly through early intervention with precise and targeted rehabilitation protocols
Dumuids, Marie-Victorine. "Faisabilité et efficacité d'une stimulation précoce de la marche quadrupède sur le développement moteur de grands prématurés sans lésions cérébrales majeures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=6182&f=50364.
Full textThe acquisition of postural control and locomotion are central to the motor and cognitive development of the infant and any abnormality in neuromotor development can have adverse consequences for the future development of the child. This issue is particularly salient in the case of very premature infants whose numbers are constantly increasing and for whom there is an increased risk of neuromotor anomalies, ranging from minor sensorimotor deficits to cerebral palsy. In view of this, there is an urgent need for very early intervention strategies to stimulate the motor development of these children during the period of high plasticity of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems following birth. In a systematic review on the subject, we show that very few interventions exist to stimulate the development of mobility in infants at risk of neuromotor abnormalities at an early age, i.e. before 12 months. Moreover, these studies often do not meet the quality criteria required by the international community (Dumuids-Vernet et al., 2022). This thesis proposes to test the feasibility, quality and effectiveness of a new early intervention that aims to stimulate the motor development of very premature infants as soon as they leave the neonatology department. The primary aim of the intervention is to train the infants at home to propel themselves in a quadrupedal manner, every day for eight weeks, using a mini skateboard on which they lie on their stomach (Crawli training). Our results show that such a training, tested on very premature babies without major brain lesion but at risk of motor abnormality, is highly feasible. Moreover, longitudinal tracking of motor development by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III and general development by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3) of these children shows a positive effect of Crawli training. Preterm infants who received Crawli training had higher Bayley gross motor scores between 2 and 12 months of corrected age than preterm infants who received equivalent training on their stomachs on a mattress but without a mini-skateboard (mat training) or conventional medical follow-up (control). In addition, more infants in the Crawli group than in the Mat or Control groups passed the specific Bayley items on head carriage development at 2 months corrected age (CA) and on quadrupedal gait acquisition at 9 months CA, which are recognized as important milestones in motor development. Crawli-trained infants also showed enhanced general development, particularly in terms of communication level, on the ASQ-3 at 9 months CA and fine motor skill development at 12 months CA than infants in the Control and Mat groups. Finally, after training, preterm infants in the Crawli group had motor and general scores that were close to those of typically-developing infants. Indeed, the Crawli group's Bayley scores after training and ASQ-3 scores at 9 and 12 months CA were not different from those of term infants, contrary to the Mat and Control preterm infants whose motor scores were significantly worse at 2 months CA than those of the term infants. The overall ASQ-3 scores of the Control group at 9 and 12 months CA were also below typical norms. The high scores obtained by our Crawli-trained infants on the international developmental scales and the positive results obtained regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of our early intervention are very encouraging. They suggest this new protocol could be deployed on a larger scale and with other populations at risk of motor anomaly (trisomy 21, spina bifida, stroke, prematurity with brain lesion etc.)
Thébault, Guillaume. "Développement post infarctus cérébral artériel néonatal : Motricité vs Action - Apport de la cohorte AVCnn." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES036.
Full textThis thesis proposes to study the development of children with neonatal arterial ischemic stroke with respect to motor function and action. In the context of early brain damage, emphasis is usually placed on the influence of negative developmental factors, such as motor paralysis, emphasizing the study of dysfunctions. Here we propose that motor function be an actor in the functioning of the individual as proposed by the Piagetian approaches and the embodied cognition of development. This is why our problem is to measure the influence of action on the cognitive and cerebral development of children with neonatal arterial ischemic stroke. Our first study shows a co-occurrence between global intelligence, language, cerebral palsy, epilepsy and academic success. This result is completed by a second study establishing close relationships between manual dexterity and global intelligence. In particular, motor dexterity is a better predictor of cognitive development than motor impairment or lateralization of the lesion. A third study indicates that the laterality of children with arterial cerebral infarction does not coincide strictly with manual dexterity and that it develops atypically. Finally, our last study deals with the influence of body constraints and the early lesion on this mechanism. The application to typical and pathological development remains to be realized. Overall, this work emphasizes the role of motor skills described as a process of action in the development of children with early brain damage
Weinreb, Alexis. "Impact de l’activité postsynaptique sur le développement et le maintien de la jonction neuromusculaire de C. elegans." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1137.
Full textThroughout nervous system development, activity of the post-synaptic targets can regulate the connectivity of neural networks, affecting both the number and strength of synapses. Using the neuromuscular junction of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system, we studied two processes displaying such plasticity. First, we show that the number of receptors present at the neuromuscular synapse is regulated by muscle activity: an increase in synaptic activity can lead to a differential regulation of the three types of receptors present at the neuromuscular junction. Second, we studied the activity-dependent morphological changes of one type of motor neurons in the worm’s head, called the SAB neurons. A decrease of muscle activity during a critical developmental phase leads to SAB axonal overgrowth. Using several approaches, we were able to observe suppression of SAB axonal overgrowth in mutants with a disruption of neuropeptides biosynthesis. Finally, we give evidence that axonal overgrowth also occurs following more general disruptions of cell physiology, such as a heat-shock or transgene overexpression, which suggest that the SAB system is plastic and sensitive during development
Bojados, Mickaël. "Influence du champ gravitaire sur l'acquisition des capacités motrices chez la souris." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20720.
Full textThe influence of gravity on the development of motor skills was analysed on the mice C57Bl/6J. Our goal was to evaluate the hypothesis of critical periods in the adaptation to gravity. We used the chronic centrifugation that is the only available technique to modify the gravity during mammals embryogeny. Several groups of mice were centrifuged (a) during the early perinatal development (from conception to tenth postnatal day), (b) during the postnatal development (from day 10 to 30) or (c) during the whole periods. We analysed, at the age of 2 and 6 months, (i) the compensatory eye movements during the gaze stabilization by video-oculography, and the vestibular reactions; (ii) the energetic expanse by indirect calorimetry, and (iii) the kinematic parameters of locomotion by video-radiography. Only the mice centrifuged during their whole development showed at least transitory impairment of otolithic reactions. This result was inconsistent with a vestibular critical period, but the observation of impairments in some vestibular reactions of postnatally centrifuged mice could support the hypothesis of a critical period in the establishment of vestibulo-cerebellar or vestibulo-spinal connections. The metabolic analysis showed an increased energetic expense in mice exposed to hypergravity when 2 or 6 months old. The kinematic analysis of joints during locomotion showed that postural adjustment occurred, at least partly, before the mice started walking. On the other hand, the gait adjustment occured after tenth postnatal day, when the mice experiment walking. As a whole these results show the existence of several critical periods in the ontogenesis of motor capabilities
El, Hoyek Nady. "Rotation mentale et motricité : approche développementale, genre et transfert." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10147.
Full textMental rotation (MR) is the ability to rotate the mental image of a 2D or 3D object. The relationship between MR and motor processes, as well as the transfer of MR, is still debated in the literature. The present results provided evidence that a specific MR training might contribute to enhance the MR ability, and the performance on the MR tests such as the Vandenberg and Kuse MR test (VMRT). Interestingly, gender differences were attenuated following training. A transfer was further observed on human anatomy learning. MR training and human anatomy learning are therefore hypothesized to share similar micro-competences. Our results also showed a transfer from anatomy learning to the spatial perception of a motor skill. Finally, MR has been found to share some micro-competences with motor performance requiring performing a forward roll, changing of directions and jumping. Hence, MR would be useful for the motor performance itself. Altogether, our results provided evidence that a specific MR training can be transferred to the human anatomy learning process, motor performance, as well as to child motor development. While the emergence of gender differences in MR might depend on the test used, such difference would be effective at 9 years of age for the VMRT. So far, future research remains necessary to determine in greater details the emergence of motor imagery accuracy in regards to its temporal aspects
Forma, Vincent. "Étude de la mobilité quadrupède en position ventrale chez le nouveau-né et le nourrisson humain." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB223/document.
Full textSelf-produced locomotion is a key stage in infant development, which usually begins with hand and knees crawling in the second semester of life. Since the moment of birth, however, newborns are already capable of autonomous propulsion from a prone position. This precocious form of quadrupedalism remains largely unstudied due in part to the fact that most researchers consider these creeping movements to constitute a mere reflex, destined dissipate as cortical development progresses. Under such an interpretation, this creeping « reflex » would have no link with mature, bipedal walking, would not recruit the upper limbs and would serve mainly as a mechanism by which newborns could reach the maternal breast. Contrary to this point of view, a handful of authors have observed that these patterns of locomotion seem complex, and might persist in some form until the age of 2-3 months. These observations invite us to consider the possibility that such primitive locomotion might be directly involved in the emergence of quadrupedal and bipedal gait. The present thesis examines the various characteristics (particularly cinematic) of this prone mobility, from birth to about six months of age. To this end, we describe the creation of an experimental tool that frees the use of a newborn's limbs and facilitates the aforementioned form of propulsion: the CrawliSkate. We present three studies showing that neonatal prone mobility goes beyond simple reflexes, involves coordination between the upper and lower limbs, and can be partially modified at birth at a supra-spinal level through visual stimulation. Lastly, we demonstrate that this pattern of locomotion persists, albeit with heavy modification, throughout the first semester of life
Gouelle, Arnaud. "Développement d’un score de stabilité chez les personnes présentant des pathologies d’origine neurologique entraînant des troubles de la marche et/ou de l’équilibre." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA113006/document.
Full textMany pathologies affect balance control during gait. Traumatic, neurological or age-related disorders can all limit more or less the stability, which is the capacity of subjects to recover from perturbations, and can lead to falls. For children, the stability is related to the developmental stages and its interpretation requires differentiating what pertains to the developmental instability and to the pathological instability. Instrumented movement analysis allows a reliable and precise recording of the gait parameters. Indexes were developed to improve the clinical evaluation of the patients walking but no one of them quantifies the stability feature.This thesis led to the production of a score quantifying the stability through variability of the spatiotemporal parameters, recorded by an electronic walkway system. The score, called Gait Variability Index (GVI), has been applied to asymptomatic and pathological populations, representative of the various ages of life: children, adults and elderly persons. Results for patients affected by cerebral palsy, Friedreich’s ataxia or after stroke demonstrate that the GVI is a coherent tool for the evaluation of instability. Beyond the clinical interest, it opens various studies perspectives in gait analysis, and is thought-provoking about the disruptive or regulating nature of variability
Marinthe-Devidal, Catherine. "Des performances perceptivo-tactiles aux performances numériques : approche développementale." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20016.
Full textCoiton, Yves. "Contribution à l'étude des activités sensori-motrices : développement d'un modèle neuromimétique et robotique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX11009.
Full textM'Lembakani, T'Hengua Félicien. "ÉVALUATION ET AMÉLIORATION DES CAPACITÉS MOTRICES D'ENFANTS INFIRMES MOTEURS CÉRÉBRAUX CONGOLAIS ÂGES DE 6 Â 15 ANS." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/264367.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences de la motricité
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished