Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Activité de surface'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Activité de surface.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Souza-Lima, Yolanda de. "Microcouche de surface : distribution et activité des organismes photoautotrophes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX22037.
Full textJoukoff, Elisabeth. "Protéines de surface des cellules F9 de carcinome embryonnaire et activité protéolytique." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112311.
Full textHartmann, Patrice. "Relations structure-propriétés de surface dans les polymères acryliques perfluoroalkylés." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20053.
Full textLeclerc, Lara. "Internalisation cellulaire et activité biologique de mico et nano-particules fluorescentes de chimie de surface contrôlée." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735365.
Full textRoussel, Célia. "Compréhension des mécanismes physiologiques et génétiques impliqués dans l'activité réductrice de Lactococcus lactis." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS043/document.
Full textLactic acid bacteria, particularly Lactococcus lactis are used in dairy industry. These bacteria are known to have a reducing activity, indicating their ability to lower the redox potential (Eh) of a medium. L. lactis MG1363 genome encodes several proteins with a CXXC motif, potentially linked with a redox activity. To understand the role of proteins rich in cysteine located at the surface of L. lactis, two approaches were used, one bioinformatics and biochemical another. For bioinformatic approach, interest was focused on two proteins of unknown function and CX2CX10CX2C motif: Llmg_0524 and Llmg_0526. Their corresponding genes form an operon temporarily induces in early growth phase. In these two proteins, the pattern chelate a zinc ion via its cysteine residues. The zinc-cysteine complexe is very stable, it suggests a probable role in protein stability. Data suggest that this operon contributes to the cell wall integrity. The identification of exofacial thiol proteins by a biochemical approach indicates that AhpF is present at the surface of L. lactis. The ahpF gene deletion causes a strong sensitivity to the cumene hydroperoxide, but no sensibility for hydrogen peroxide. In the mutant ahpF incubation with cumene hydroperoxide modified fatty acid proportion, cyclopropanation mechanism thus contributes to the survival in response to oxidative stress. Understanding the lactococci functions involved in the reduction activity allows a better control of redox potentiel in the fermented food production and thus a better control of foodbornes microorganisms in these products. Food-Redox project is financially supported by the French National Research Agency
Hebié, Seydou. "Études électrochimiques des nanoparticules d'or : corrélation structure/activité." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2291/document.
Full textDue to the unusual properties of gold nanoparticles, the control of their size, their shape and/or their morphology for a well-targeted application becomes essential. Various shape controlled particles in colloidal solutions were synthesized. The analysis of such solution by UV-visible spectroscopy shows that the anisotropic particles exhibit two surface plasmon resonance bands. In addition, the zeta potential measurements reveal that such solutions are stable in the experimental conditions. It is clearly observed by the transmission electron microscopy characterization of these nanomaterials that their surface has different crystallographic orientations. The under potential deposition (upd) of lead by cyclic voltammetry revealed the surface crystallographic sites which present different ratio of orientated surface (111), (110), (100) and defaults confirming the microscopy results. The cyclic voltammetry in supporting electrolyte shows that the oxides formation on these nanomaterials depends strongly on their structure. On gold nanorods, an extensive study of the kinetic of the oxide layers growth shows that this process is affected by the polarization potential and time as well as temperature. The nanospheres exhibited high activity toward the glucose oxidation, while all the synthesized nanomaterials presented low activity toward the formic acid oxidation. Gluconolactone appears as the main intermediate species during the oxidation of glucose which is a surface structure dependent process
Garabétian, Frédéric. "Activité respiratoire dans la microcouche de surface et production de CO2 à l'interface air-mer." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22052.
Full textCristofani, Pascal (1970 ). "Activité M. H. D. Associée à la surface q=1 dans le tokamak Tore-Supra." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11083.
Full textMenu-Bouaouiche, Laurence. "Relations structure-fonction et propriétés de surface de protéines PR5 "thaumatin-like" de fruits comestibles." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30171.
Full textPR-5 or Thaumatin-like proteins (TLP) are structurally and phylogenetically related but their activities in vitro are very diverse: antifungal, antifreeze, glucan affinity and/or hydrolysis. Some of them are induced by biotic or abiotic stresses and could be involved in plant's defense against pathogenic fungi. In contrast, some fruits accumulate similar proteins during their maturation, like these of cherry or apple that are allergenic A better understanding of functional and structural properties of fruit specific's PR-5 proteins could allow new allergy diagnostics elaboration and new orientations' definition, beware of allergy risks, for natural plant defense amelioration. For the definition of TLP structure-function relationships, we have, first, analyzed different members of this family, for their phylogeny, their structure and their surface electrostatics and hydrophobic properties, by sequence analysis and molecular modeling methodologies. Thereafter, cherry, apple and banana's TLP and Thaumatin were compared for their enzymatic and antifungal activities. .
Schwarz, Benjamin. "Application de la théorie des formes alpha pour la caractérisation de la surface et des poches de macromolécules biologiques." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6196.
Full textOur study is concerned with structural bioinfomatics (aka computational biology), more specifically, we borrow models from the alpha-shape theory to represent and study molecules. Roughly, our aim is to provide new theoretical and practical tools to ease the study of structure-function relationship in biological molecules. We are more specifically interested in characterising the usual locations of a possible interaction at the surface of such molecules. In this context we propose a novel model, the dual surface, that constitutes a manifold polyhedral surface encoding the Accessible surface. This construction eases the the construction of continuous surface tracks at the surface of a molecule, and therefore allows notably, the construction of molecular surface patches. We adapted this model mainly to address three distinct problems : (a) the proposal of a novel index to describe the molecular surface landscape in terms of knobs and clefts, (b) the definition of surface descriptors that can be used to study interacting patches on a protein surface, (c) the detection and characterisation of cavities, pockets, clefts and crevices at the surface of macromolecules. Two software tools were developped based on these works and are now freely accessible to the scientific community : LC and Pck, respectively dedicated to the description of the molecular surface topography, and to the detection and characterisation of pockets in molecular structures
Rohart, Emmanuel. "Préparation de catalyseurs bimétalliques Pd-Au [palladium-or] par réactions de surface contrôlée : caractérisations physico-chimiques et activité catalytique." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2357.
Full textMicheaud, Catherine. "Préparation de catalyseurs bimétalliques Pd-Pt [palladium - platine] par réactions rédox de surface : caractérisations physico-chimiques et activité catalytique." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2317.
Full textDilmahamod, Ahmad Fehmi. "The biophysical processes controlling the South-east Madagascar Phytoplankton Bloom." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0022/document.
Full textUsing observational datasets and a high resolution coupled biophysical model (CROCOPISCES), the main aims of this thesis is to study the biophysical processes associated with one of the largest phytoplankton blooms in global ocean, southeast of Madagascar, and the possible role of mesoscale eddies.The study has shown that the bloom occurs in a region of shallow-stratified mixed layer water, with low-salinity waters at the surface possibly associated with the South-East Madagasacar Current (SEMC), and dipole structure in the mean circulation. Observations show that curren-driven upwelling south of Madagascar is reduced during bloom months. It is shown in the model that nitrate from subsurface levels (upwelling) as well as from the Madagascan coast (advection) fertilize the simulated bloom. A Lagrangian analysis shows dispersion of higher percentages of particles in the bloom region during bloom years and south of Madagascar during non-bloom years.Using co-located Argo profiles and an eddy detected algorithm dataset, surface and subsurface-intensified eddies are studied. Subsurface eddies are identified using a detection method based on their steric dynamic height anomaly. Referred to as `SIDDIES’ (South Indian ocean eDDIES), they occur as surface (surfSIDDIES) or subsurface (subSIDDIES) and propagate along a latitudinal band (15°S-35°S) termed as `SIDDIES Corridor’. Advecting warm and fresh water during their propagation, cyclonic (anticyclonic) subSIDDIES contribute about 58% (32%) of the total eddy-heat flux in the South Indian Ocean
Belatel, Hafsia. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés catalytiques des oxydes de molybdène et de tungstène : Corrélation entre structure de surface et activité catalytique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/BELATEL_Hafsia_2005.pdf.
Full textExtensive research work and several investigations are still carried out on MoO3 and WO3 as catalysts for hydrodesulfurisation processes of crude oil, selective oxidation of unsaturated compounds and oxidation of hydrocarbons and alcohols. However, these oxide catalysts are replaced by more active and selective Pt based catalysts for hydroisomerization of alkane. Several problems are encountered using these platinum catalysts; it is an expensive metal, rare and sensitive to sulfur. Nevertheless, the presence of a bifunctional behavior for molybenum or tungsten has revived the interest in the catalytic properties of these Mo and W oxides. This dual function is present in carbide, oxicarbide or partially reduced oxide, in a similar manner to the bifunctional Pt deposited on acid alumina ( industrially used for the isomerization of light naphta). In order to get a clear idea about the relationship between the catalytic activity and the electronic structure of the active phase in these systems, we have conducted a systematic research work using the most appropriate characterization techniques such as XPS-UPS, XRD, SEM and BET. Catalytic experiments were performed using bulk MO2, MO3 and MO3/TiO2 (M= Mo, W) for isomerization of n-heptane; isomerization, dehydrogenation and ring opening of cyclic compounds such as methylcyclohexane (MCH) at different experimental conditions. The catalytic behaviors of these Mo and W oxides were compared with those obtained using Pt/Al2O3 and Pt-Ir/ZrO2-SO42- sytems. The overall results clearly indicate that the partially reduced Mo and W oxides behave as bifunctional catalysts in a similar way to Pt deposited on acid supports. This bifunctional phase could be represented as MO2(Hx)ac (M= Mo, W) in which (Hx) represents the Brönsted acid (ac)groups present on the surface. The metallic function is due to the delocalized electrons in MO2
Laoufi, Issam. "Structure, morphologie et activité catalytique des nanoparticules d'or supportées sur TiO2(110) : une étude in operando par GIXD et GISAXS au cours de l'oxydation du CO." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681873.
Full textTrabelsi, Asma. "Processus d'accumulation du carbone organique dissous en surface de la Méditerranée Nord Occidentale : dynamique et rôle des bactéries hétérotrophes." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066674.
Full textZhao, Weitao. "Hydrogen Production : supported Mo-based catalysts for water gas shift reaction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NORMC213.
Full textThis work aimed to gain insights into the catalytic performance of specific sites (M-edge, S-edge or CoMoS sites) and elucidate the Water Gas Shift (WGS) reaction mechanism over sulfide catalysts. In this study, the novel findings concerning the H2O and CO reactivity at the various active sites were revealed by monitoring active sites after in situ post-treatment using low temperature CO adsorption followed by IR spectroscopy (CO/IR). It was shown that on unpromoted Mo catalysts, M-edge site is sensitive to water to form the oxygen-substituted Mo(SxOy)zc site via S-O exchange reaction, while the S-edge site is sensitive to CO to form vacancies and release COS. Furthermore, stepwise surface reaction experiments show that Mo(SxOy)zc sites formed in situ are not reactive towards subsequent CO feed in contradiction with the conventional redox mechanism in which the catalyst surface is alternately oxidized/or oxygen-exchanged by water and reduced by CO. In addition, operando experiments demonstrate that formate and carbonyl sulfur intermediates are directly observed during WGS reaction, in accordance with a formate pathway and a novel redox mechanism via COS route. The extension of the study on the role of potassium additive and cobalt promoter in WGS reaction shows that the terminal sulfur atoms are activated by K and Co, making them reacting more easily with CO to form COS at low temperature. More importantly, cobalt, which facilitates the reversible transformation of the oxysulfide phase to sulfide by H2S, can help limiting catalyst deactivation during WGS reaction
Escriche, Tur Luis. "Composés polynucléaires du manganèse avec ligands carboxylate pont, modèles d'enzymes redox. Insertion dans des supports mésostructurés. Étude de leurs propriétés magnétiques et de leur activité catalytique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN041/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work is the synthesis of manganese compounds and hybrid materials that may be relevant from a bioinorganic and magnetic point of view. The developed strategy comprises three main steps that form different sections in this thesis:(a) Synthesis and characterization of molecular manganese compounds and study of the magnetic propertiesThe crystal structure of twenty-three new Mn compounds of different nucleartities were obtained in which the Mn oxidation state is II, III, or IV. The magnetic properties of all these compounds were profoundly studied and they have been rationalized with their structural and electronic parameters. The MnII compounds were also studied with EPR spectroscopy. (b) Synthesis and characterization of hybrid materials based on molecular manganese compounds inside mesoporous silica.Selected molecular compounds were inserted inside mesoporous silica (MCM-41 type). The Mn complexes inside the supports were characterized with TGA, XPS, ICP-OES, IR spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements.(c) Study of the catalytic properties of both molecular compounds and hybrid materials.A family of the molecular compounds obtained in this work are structural and functional models of the Mn catalase, an enzyme found in some bacteria with antioxidant properties (H2O2 scavenger). The catalase activity for these compounds and the hybrid materials was studied in acetonitrile and water
Eid, Marguerita. "Caractérisation de l'interaction de l'ampullosporine A avec différents environnements membranaires : relation séquence-activité in planta de peptaïbols naturels ou synthétiques." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1777.
Full textPeptaibols constitute a family of peptide antibiotics of fungal origin. They show interesting physico-chemical and biological activities depending on structural properties, responsble for their ability to form pores in membranes. In order to understand the lipid binding behavior of Ampullosporin A, we studied its interactions with different Egg Yolk Phosphatidylcholine environments. Furthermore, we expolored the correlation between the interaction of peptaibols with biomimetics membranes and their activity in planta. The various lipidics environments used were : hybrid bilayer membrane, supported biomimetic tethered bilayers, lipid monolayer at the air/water interface and lipid vesicles. Our results show that in absence of voltage, Ampullosporin A act in a « detergent-like » manner leading to membrane disruption. In addition, we demonstrated the existence of a direct correlation between the effect of peptaibols on biological membranes and their activity in planta. The length of peptaibols, the presence of α-aminoisobutyric amino acid residues and their hydrophobic nature are essential determinants of their activity in planta
Edouard, Elsy. "Variabilité de la séquence et antigénicité de la glycoprotéine de surface du HTLV-1." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28286.
Full textHTLV-I is associated with two severe pathologies, affecting mankind : Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) and Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (TSP). The retrovirus surface glycoprotein (gp46) is involved in cellular receptor binding and could play a role in pathogenesis. This immunogenic protein is a first choice candidate as a vaccin-matter. To investigate the inference of sequence of this glycoprotein on the development of a pathology and on its antigenicity, we have determined the sequence of the env gene encoding gp46 of HTLV-I viruses infecting 26 patients from Martinique and French Guyana. Twelve of them were from four distinct martinican families. Clinical status associated mutations were not observed. These sequences were compared to the ones from literature. Several virus groups were defined, which were caracterised by patterns of associated mutations. Some amino acid substitutions could change the gp46 antigenicity. We studied the incidence of one of these on synthetic peptides recognition by HTLV-I positive sera. Peptides corresponding to 186-195 and 190-199 regions, with a proline or a serine in 192 position, were used. We demonstrated that this mutation modifies the antigenicity of an immunodominant and neutralisable region of the gp46 (190-199). Such antigenic variants of HTLV-I should be considered for the setting of a vaccinal strategy
Hua, The Duc. "Recherche d'abzymes en vue de la synthèse peptidique à partir de banques combinatoires de fragments d'anticorps exprimés à la surface des phages." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20174.
Full textDarraji, Sihem. "Activité anticoagulante de copolymères à base de poly(chlorure de vinyle), mécanisme de la réaction d'inhibition de la thrombine par l'antithrombine à la surface de ces matériaux." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA132034.
Full textYribarren, Anne-Sophie. "Sélection et caractérisation d'inhibiteurs d'une activité de type béta-lactamase portée par un anticorps anti-idiotypique : Approche combinatoire par l'utilisation d'une banque peptidique en surface de bactériophage." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1468.
Full textPujol, Marie-Isabelle. "Analyse de la variabilité de surface en Méditerranée à partir des données altimétriques et comparaison aux simulations MERCATOR et MOG2D." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30005.
Full textLuo, Yiyan. "Etude de faisabilité d'un détecteur dédié à la discrimination bêta/gamma." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC291.
Full textFor radiological cleanliness purpose, nuclear operators have to assess surface residual activity such as beta contamination. To this aim, contamination monitors are essential. In this context, EDF R&D proposed a research project in order to study the feasibility of an innovative contamination monitor to detect beta surface activity in situ which is until now performed ex situ. The main objective is to detect a 0.4 Bq/cm^2 beta surface contamination in a high gamma background up to 100 μSv/h. This demands the detector to have a high beta/gamma discrimination performance. Several technologies based on scintillator and/or gas filled detector have been investigated. Geant4 simulations have been carried out to optimise the configuration of the chosen detector such as geometry, materials, etc. Two simulation-optimised prototypes based on Phoswich detectors have been developed and tested with beta and gamma sources in a laboratory framework (LPC Caen). Furthermore, two experimental campaigns have been conducted in a nuclear power plant (NPP of Chinon) in order to evaluate the performance of the developed prototypes in a realistic gamma background environment. The Geant4 simulations and the experimental work are discussed in this thesis
Darpentigny, Clémentine. "Fonctionnalisation de structures de nanocellulose en fluide supercritique pour des applications de pansements antimicrobiens Ice-templated freeze-dried cryogels from tunicate cellulose nanocrystals with high specific surface area and anisotropic morphological and mechanical properties Highly Absorbent Cellulose Nanofibrils Aerogels Prepared by Supercritical Drying." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV052.
Full textIn a context where the need for innovative medical devices is increasing and the environmental issue is becoming a major concern, the objective of the project the aim of the project was to prepare antimicrobial wound dressings using the greenest possible way. For this purpose, nanocelluloses have been chosen as bio-based and biocompatible building blocks for the design of porous architectures and their functionalization with antimicrobial agents was then undertaken in supercritical CO2 medium (CO2sc) used as an alternative to organic solvents and by taking advantage of its specificities such as high diffusivity, easy removal of solvent and residual reagents and compatibility with fragile materials. Thus, 2D and 3D structures, nanopapers, cryogels and aerogels, were prepared from cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nanocrystals (CNCs), and exhibited various properties in terms of morphology, porosity and specific surface area. In order to introduce antibacterial functionality, cryogels prepared from nanocellulose with varied surface chemistries were impregnated in scCO2 with a synthetic antibiotic, ciprofloxacin. Impregnated cryogels exhibited antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains. Then, four materials of increasing specific surface area, all prepared from CNFs, were impregnated with an essential oil molecule, thymol. Results show a direct relationship between of the amount of impregnated molecules and the specific surface that leads in the case of cryo- and aerogels to good antimicrobial properties against two types of bacteria and yeast. In a second strategy, covalent grafting of CNFs structures in supercritical CO2 was investigated with a novel antibacterial aminosilane. Surface analysis characterizations methods (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle and surface zeta potential analysis) confirmed the successful grafting on nanopapers. The contact active properties of grafted nanopapers and cryogels were assessed. These results are very promising for the design of antimicrobial bio-based and biocompatible medical devices using supercritical conditions
Lienhard, Karin. "Effet de l'exercice physique par vibration du corps entier sur l'activité musculaire des membres inférieurs : approche méthodologique et applications pratiques." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4080/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to analyze the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise on lower limb muscle activity and to give methodological implications and practical applications. Two methodological studies were conducted that served to evaluate the optimal method to process the surface electromyography (sEMG) signals during WBV exercise and to analyze the influence of the normalization method on the sEMG activity. A third study aimed to gain insight whether the isolated spikes in the sEMG spectrum contain motion artifacts and/or reflex activity. The subsequent three investigations aimed to explore how the muscle activity is affected by WBV exercise, with a particular focus on the vibration frequency, platform amplitude, additional loading, platform type, knee flexion angle, and the fitness status of the WBV user. The final goal was to evaluate the minimal required vertical acceleration to stimulate the muscle activity of the lower limbs. In summary, the research conducted for this thesis provides implication for future investigations on how to delete the excessive spikes in the sEMG spectrum and how to normalize the sEMG during WBV. The outcomes of this thesis add to the current literature in providing practical applications for exercising on a WBV platform
Djeridi, Ikram. "Biodégradation des Hydrocarbures en milieux hypersalins : modes de transferts et réponses des communautés procaryotiques à une contamination pétrolière." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4053.
Full textThe fate of hydrocarbons (HC) in hypersaline environments is an important environmental issue. This work aimed to (1) assess the impact of oil pollution on microbial communities of a hypersaline environment, (2) determine how hydrocarbonoclastic archaea can access to HC and (3) whether biodegradation is possible in these hypersaline environments in the absence of oxygen. We have shown that moderate oil biodegradation is possible under hypersaline conditions. In these conditions close to natural ones, about 10% of the aliphatic hydrocarbons were biodegrade. A gradual disappearance of the lighter aromatic compounds was also observed, but these losses were mainly due to abiotic processes. The monitoring of prokaryotic communities based on molecular fingerprints showed a change in the structure of the indigenous bacterial community. On the contrary, resistance to oil contamination was observed among the indigenous archaeal communities of brines. In the second part of this work, laboratory cultures of a hyperhalophilic archaeal strain (Haloferax volcanii MSCN14), allowed to demonstrate that, in hypersaline environments, hydrocarbonoclastic archaea use several strategies to increase the bioavailability of HC. Indeed, strain MSCN14 was capable of producing one or several biosurfactants during growth on different HC, and was adhering to the surface of the HC. In the last part of this work, we tested the capacities of a model archaeal strain (Hfx. volcanii MSNC 16) to degrade HC anaerobically. If Hfx. volcanii MSNC16 was able to use fumarate as a terminal electron acceptor, it was, however, not capable of degrading heptadecane in the absence of oxygen
van, Rensburg Wilma. "Characterization of natural antimicrobial peptides adsorbed to different matrices." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97929.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Biofouling is the attachment and biofilm formation that leads to negative repercussions such as persistent post-harvest infections, infections obtained from medical implants and continual surface contamination of food processing plants. Much of the problem lies with the resistance that develops against conventional treatments due to the formation of mature biofilms. Thus the focus has shifted from the removal of biofilms to the prevention of initial attachment of organisms. This entails the use of antimicrobial surfaces that either have an inherent antimicrobial activity, e.g. certain metals, or surfaces that are modified by the attachment of antimicrobial agents. The attachment of antimicrobial agents can either be through covalent bonding or adsorption, depending on the intended use of the surface as well as the mode of action of the antimicrobial agent. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ubiquitous in nature, tend to have a broad spectrum of activity, are very stable and have been shown to maintain activity when covalently bound to solid surfaces. Tyrocidines (Trcs), antimicrobial peptides produced by Bacillus aneurinolyticus, are cyclodecapeptides with a broad spectrum of activity against Grampositive bacteria, fungi, yeasts and the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of surfaces treated with a tyrocidine extract, under which conditions the activity remained stable and to look into possible applications of these peptide-treated surfaces. The study focussed on different solid surfaces namely mixed cellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, cellulose (paper)(CL) and high density cellulose packing material (HDC), as a pilot study to assess the antimicrobial activity of Trc and gramicidin S (GS) treated solid surfaces. Peptide desorption and subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry was used to confirm the presence and integrity of the Trcs adsorbed. Scanning electron microscopy was utilised to show that the adsorbed peptides did not affect the structural integrity of the treated filters. However, it was shown that the adsorbed peptides changed the hydrophobic/hydrophilic character by means of a wettability assay. A cell viability assay and erythrocyte assay were developed from existing methodologies to determine the biological activity of the AMP-functionalised polymeric material. Seven of the AMP treated solid surfaces showed antimicrobial activity when challenged with >105 Micrococcus luteus cells/cm2. Although the polycarbonate filter lost antimicrobial activity at the high cell concentrations, it was shown to have potent antimicrobial activity at lower cell concentrations. Complete inhibition of M. luteus growth was observed for both the gramicidin S and tyrocidine extract treated high density cellulose and cellulose filters. Stability tests showed that the tyrocidines remained adsorbed to cellulose filters and biologically active when exposed multiple water washes, water washes at different temperatures (25°C - 100°C) and pH changes (pH 1-12). The antimicrobial activity was only affected after exposure to the water wash of pH 13 which is possible due to susceptibility of the CL filters to high pH solvents. A preliminary study on the effect of Trcs treated CL filters on the sterilization, germination and effect on tomato seedlings was conducted. It was found that Trcs had no effect on the germination and did not fully sterilise the seeds or environment against fungi. However, it was observed that 5 μg/mL Trcs treated filters promoted root length opposed to the toxic effect seen with filters treated with higher Trc concentrations. It is hypothesised that Trcs prefer to bind to hydrophilic surfaces exposing the hydrophobic residues and the cationic residue of the peptide to interact with the bacterial membrane to elicit its antimicrobial response. The exposed residues contain some of the hydrophobic residues and the cationic Orn9/Lys9, which are crucial to the antimicrobial activity of the peptides. Hydrophobic interaction is particularly important for the haemolytic activity which is currently the only viable method of detection of the adsorbed Trcs. Trcs also have a preference for adsorption onto cellulose and cellulose analogues which points to possible application in protective food wrapping and wood surface protection. Trcs maintains its antimicrobial activity regardless of adsorption to solid surfaces. It can therefore be concluded that Trcs treated solid surfaces hold great potential in preventing the initial bacterial colonization and subsequent biofilm formation. Antimicrobial peptide enriched solid surfaces can thus be developed and tailored to a specific application such as filters, catheters and packaging materials.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Biovervuiling is die aanhegting en vorming van biofilms met negatiewe gevolge soos aanhoudende na-oes infeksies, infeksies op mediese inplantings en voortdurende oppervlak besoedeling van voedselverwerkings fabrieke. Die probleem lê grotendeels by die weerstand wat ontwikkel word teen konvensionele behandelings as gevolg van die vorming van volwasse biofilms. Die fokus het gevolglik verskuif vanaf die verwydering van biofilms na die voorkoming van aanvanklike aanhegting van organismes aan oppervlaktes. Dit behels die gebruik van antimikrobiese oppervlaktes wat of 'n inherente antimikrobiese aktiwiteit het, bv. sekere metale óf oppervlaktes wat aangepas is deur die aanhegting van antimikrobiese middels. Die aanhegting van antimikrobiese agente kan of deur kovalente binding óf adsorpsie plaasvind, afhangende van die beoogde gebruik van die oppervlak, sowel as die metode van werking van die antimikrobiese agent. Antimikrobiese peptiede (AMPe) is alomteenwoordig in die natuur, is geneig om 'n breë spektrum van aktiwiteit te hê, is baie stabiel en het getoon dat aktiwiteit in stand gehou word wanneer dit kovalent gebind word op soliede oppervlaktes. Tirosidiene (Trcs), antimikrobiese peptiede wat deur Bacillus aneurinolyticus geproduseer word, is siklodekapeptiede met 'n breë spektrum van aktiwiteit teen Gram-positiewe bakterieë, swamme, giste en die menslike malaria parasiet Plasmodium falciparum. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die antimikrobiese aktiwiteit te bepaal van oppervlaktes wat met 'n tirosidien ekstrak behandel is, te bepaal onder watter omstandighede die aktiwiteit stabiel bly en om te soek na moontlike toepassings van hierdie peptied-behandelde oppervlaktes. Die studie het gefokus op verskillende soliede oppervlaktes naamlik gemengde sellulose, polyvinylidene fluoried, polikarbonaat, sellulose asetaat, sellulose (papier)(CL) en 'n hoë digtheid sellulose verpakkings materiaal (HDC), as 'n loodsstudie om die antimikrobiese aktiwiteit van die Trcs en gramisidien S (GS) behandelde soliede oppervlaktes te ondersoek. Peptied-desorpsie en daaropvolgende ontleding deur massaspektroskopie is gebruik om die teenwoordigheid en integriteit van die geadsorbeerde Trcs te bevestig. Skandering elektronmikroskopie is gebruik om aan te toon dat die geadsorbeerde peptiede geen invloed op die strukturele integriteit van die behandelde filters het nie. Daar is egter getoon dat die geadsorbeerde peptiede die hidrofobiese / hidrofiliese karakter verander. „n Lewensvatbaarheid selgebaseerde toets en eritrosiet toets is ontwikkel uit bestaande metodes om die biologiese aktiwiteit van die AMP-gefunktionaliseerde polimeriese materiaal te bepaal. Sewe van die AMP behandel soliede oppervlaktes het antimikrobiese aktiwiteit getoon wanneer dit met > 105 Micrococcus luteus selle/cm2 gedaag is. Hoewel die polikarbonaat filter antimikrobiese aktiwiteit met hoë sel konsentrasies verloor het, is dit getoon dat dit wel uitgeproke antimikrobiese aktiwiteit het teen laer konsentrasies selle. Volledige inhibisie van M. luteus groei is waargeneem vir beide die hoë digtheid sellulose en sellulose filters wat met GS en tirosidien ekstrak behandel is. Stabiliteit toetse het getoon dat die tirosidiene geadsorbeer en biologies aktief op sellulose filters bly nadat dit blootgestel is aan verskeie water was-stappe, waterwasse by verskillende temperature (25 °C -100 °C) en pH veranderinge (pH 1-12). Die antimikrobiese aktiwiteit was net beïnvloed ná blootstelling aan die water met 'n pH 13, wat moontlik is te danke aan die vatbaarheid van die CL filters by hoë pH oplosmiddels is. 'n Voorlopige studie is gedoen om die uitwerking van Trcs behandelde CL filters op die sterilisasie, ontkieming en tamatiesaailinge te bepaal. Daar is gevind dat Trcs geen effek op die ontkieming het nie, maar dat dit nie volledig die sade en omgewing steriliseer vir fungiese groei nie. Daar is egter waargeneem dat 5 μg/mL Trcs behandelde filters wortel lengte van die saailinge bevorder teenoor die giftige uitwerking soos waargeneem vir die filters wat met hoër konsentrasies Trcs behandel is. Dit word gepostuleer dat Trcs verkies om aan hidrofiliese oppervlaktes te bind wat die van die hidrofobiese aminosure en die kationiese residu van die peptied blootstel om aan die bakteriële membraan te bind om gevolglik antimikrobiese reaksie te ontlok. Die blootgestelde deel bevat sommige van die hidrofobiese residue en positiewe Orn9/Lys9 wat noodsaaklik vir die antimikrobiese aktiwiteit van die peptiede. Die hidrofobiese interaksies is veral belangrik vir die hemolitiese aktiwiteit wat tans die enigste bruikbare metode van opsporing van die geadsorbeerde Trcs is. Trcs het ook 'n tendens vir adsorpsie op sellulose en sellulose analoë wat dui op die moontlike toepassing in beskermende voedselverpakking en die beskerming van houtoppervlaktes. Trcs handhaaf hul antimikrobiese aktiwiteit, ongeag van adsorpsie aan soliede oppervlaktes. Dit kan dus afgelei word dat Trcs-behandelde soliede oppervlaktes die potensiaal het om die aanvanklike kolonisasie van bakterië te voorkom en die daaropvolgende biofilm vorming. Antimikrobiese peptied verrykde soliede oppervlaktes kan dus ontwikkel en aangepas word vir gebruik in spesifieke toepassing soos in filters, kateters en verpakkingsmateriaal.
He, Lijie. "Elaboration et évaluation d'une nouvelle hétérostructure Ag°/TIO2 destinée à la détection par effet SERS sans marquage d'ADN." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENI004/document.
Full textSERS substrates, elaborated through a simple and low-cost procedure, have been studied forthe label-free detection of DNA in the view of applications in the medical diagnostic field. A chemicallyassisted photocatalytic reduction protocol leading to an Ag°/TiO2 heterostructure has been optimized.We have shown how the use of an encapsulating agent and a nucleation-growth procedure enable tocontrol the formation and aggregation of Ag° NPs at the surface of TiO2 thin films. The controlledaggregation of NPs leads to hot points inducing a very strong amplification of the SERS effect.Performances of the SERS substrate have first been evaluated through the Raman detection of the R6Gmodel molecule. Thorough studies dealing with the detection of polybases derived from the fournucleobases constituting the DNA structure, adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, have then beenconducted. The detection potential of the Ag°/TiO2 heterostructure enabled a nearly exhaustiveindexation of the Raman bands for the four studied polybases, modified or not with NH2 groups, and todiscuss on binding, orientation, and ordering effects of the DNA molecules on the SERS substrate.Complementary studies finally enabled us to confirm the potential of our heterostructure by providingdifferent insights on the polybase hybridization and the association of different polybases on a sameSERS substrate
JABBARI, SARAH. "Origin of solar surface activity and sunspots." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för astronomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-103637.
Full textDelahooke, Diane Mary. "The biological activity of Bacteroides surface polysaccharides." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21194.
Full textGaudin, Théophile. "Développement de modèles QSPR pour la prédiction et la compréhension des propriétés amphiphiles des tensioactifs dérivés de sucre." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2318/document.
Full textSugar-based surfactants are the main family of bio-based surfactants and are good candidates as substitutes for petroleum-based surfactants, since they originate from renewable resources and can show as good as, or even better, performances in various applications, such as detergent and cosmetic formulation, enhanced oil or mineral recovery, etc. Different amphiphilic properties can characterize surfactant performance in such applications, like critical micelle concentration, surface tension at critical micelle concentration, efficiency and Kraft point. Predicting such properties would be beneficial to quickly identify surfactants that exhibit desired properties. QSPR models are tools to predict such properties, but no reliable QSPR model was identified for bio-based surfactants, and in particular sugar-based surfactants. During this thesis, such QSPR models were developed. A reliable database is required to develop any QSPR model. Regarding sugar-based surfactants, no database was identified for the targeted properties. This motivated the elaboration of the first database of amphiphilic properties of sugar-based surfactants. The analysis of this database highlighted various empirical relationships between the chemical structure of these molecules and their amphiphilic properties, and enabled to isolate the most reliable datasets with the most homogeneous possible protocol, to be used for the development of the QSPR models. After the development of a robust strategy to calculate molecular descriptors that constitute QSPR models, notably relying upon conformational analysis of sugar-based surfactants and descriptors calculated only for the polar heads and for the alkyl chains, different QSPR models were developed, validated, and their applicability domain defined, for the critical micelle concentration, the surface tension at critical micelle concentration, the efficiency and the Kraft point. For the three first properties, good quantitative models were obtained. If the quantum chemical descriptors brought a significant additional predictive power for the surface tension at critical micelle concentration, and a slight improvement for the critical micelle concentration, no gain was observed for efficiency. For these three properties, simple models based on constitutional descriptors of polar heads and alkyl chains of the molecule (like atomic counts) were also obtained. For the Krafft point, two qualitative decision trees, classifying the molecule as water soluble or insoluble at room temperature, were proposed. The use of quantum chemical descriptors brought an increase in predictive power for these decision trees, even if a quite reliable model only based on constitutional descriptors of polar heads and alkyl chains was also obtained. At last, we showed how these QSPR models can be used, to predict properties of new surfactants before synthesis in a context of computational screening, or missing properties of existing surfactants, and for the in silico design of new surfactants by combining different polar heads with different alkyl chain
Outten, Alan Gerard. "Analysis of human muscle activity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7958.
Full textLiu, Zelin. "Studies of Biomacromolecule Adsorption and Activity at Solid Surfaces by Surface Plasmon Resonance and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39455.
Full textPh. D.
Elfakhri, S. O. "Antibacterial activity of novel self-disinfecting surface coatings." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/33219/.
Full textBerg, S. (Sonja). "Characterization and activity of surface plasmon resonance materials." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201711083053.
Full textTyön tarkoituksena on selvittää hiilidioksidin (CO₂) hyödyntämisen mahdollisuutta valokatalyyttisellä aktivoinnilla ja pelkistämisellä käyttäen pintaplasmonisesti resonoivia jalometalleja sisältäviä titaanidioksidimateriaaleja. Hiilidioksidin tiedetään olevan yksi yleisimmistä kasvihuonekaasuista ja näin ollen sillä on suuri vaikutus meneillään olevaan ilmaston lämpenemiseen. Hyödyntämällä hiilidioksidia on mahdollista vähentää hiilidioksidipäästöjä ja kehittää uusia kestäviä polttoaineita. Tämä tutkimus sisältää valmistettujen platina- ja palladium-titaanidioksidi-katalyyttien karakterisointia ja niiden valokatalyyttisten ominaisuuksien tutkimista hiilimonoksidin (CO) hapettamisessa ja hiilidioksidin (CO₂) aktivoinnissa näkyvällä valolla ja valituilla valon aallonpituuksilla. Käytettyjen säteilyalueiden lisäksi myös erilaisia syöttökaasun yhdistelmiä tutkittiin molemmissa reaktioissa. Valmistettujen katalyyttien karakterisoinnit tehtiin XRD:llä, jolla saatiin tietoa materiaalien kiderakenteesta ja koostumuksesta, BET/BJH-menetelmällä jolla määritettiin pinta-alat ja huokostilavuudet sekä TEM mikroskopialla, jolla tarkasteltiin pinnan rakenteita ja metallin jakautumista katalyytin pintaan. Valokatalyyttistä aktiivisuutta tutkittiin DRIFT-mittauksin, joissa käytettiin ulkoista valonlähdettä ja erillisiä valosuodattimia, jotta eri aallonpituuksien vaikutusta reaktioon voitiin tutkia tarkemmin. Karakterisointien tulokset osoittivat materiaalien valmistuksen olleen onnistunut. Valokatalyyttisten aktiivisuuskokeiden tutkimustuloksista saatiin selville, että osa palladiumia tai platinaa sisältävistä titaanidioksidimateriaaleista kykeni hapettamaan hiilimonoksidia sekä aktivoimaan hiilidioksidia valosäteilyn avulla. Saadut tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että TiO₂ pohjaisia katalyyttejä platina- ja palladiumlisäyksillä voidaan mahdollisesti käyttää pintaplasmonisella värähtelyllä tehostetussa valokatalyysissä hiilidioksidin pelkistämiseksi
Stiltner, Bridgett, and Phillip R. Scheuerman. "Microbial Enzyme Activity in Surface Water and Sediments." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2958.
Full textBerkebile, Abigail Rae. "Airway surface liquid antiviral activity in cystic fibrosis." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2045.
Full textPopescu, Narcis Ioan. "Regulation of procoagulant activity of cell surface tissue factor." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2010.
Find full textHsu, Bryan Boen. "Investigation of microbicidal activity of surface-immobilized hydrophobic polycations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62728.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Hydrophobic polycations have been shown to completely kill bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens, on-contact. Herein we describe advances with this technology on two fronts: (1) innovation of a polycationic-derivative that simplifies the labor-intensive covalent-immobilization procedure, and (2) elucidation of the current mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon. First, we developed and characterized a novel polycationic polymer capable of crosslinking to cotton via activation with ultraviolet light. The resultant, covalently-immobilized, Nalkyl polyethylenimine (PEI) demonstrates complete bactericidal activity against S. aureus and E. coli (i.e., representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively). In addition, by utilizing light to activate the covalent cross-linking, this immobilization procedure is simpler and more versatile than similar chemically-attached bactericidal polycations. Second, we shed light onto how the coating inactivates microbial pathogens. Gramnegative and Gram-positive bacteria exposed to the polycationic coating revealed substantial structural deformation, which allowed for the leakage of their intracellular contents. Characterization of the enzymes leaked into solution from Gram-negative bacteria indicated a disproportionately greater damage done to the outer-membrane than the inner-membrane. In addition, the quantity of proteins leaked into solution showed striking similarity to results obtained from bacteria subjected to lysozyme/EDTA treatment (i.e., a traditional cell lysis technique that degrades the cellular wall). In total, these results suggest that it is this interaction between the polycation and cellular structure (i.e., outer membrane and cell wall) that ultimately compromises bacterial integrity. Expanding our investigation, we studied the effect of the polycationic coating on another membrane-enclosed microbe: the influenza virus. We found that the viral particles adhere to the polycationic coating, which results in a structural deformation, similar to that borne-out by bacteria. As a consequence, viral genomic material is leaked into solution, revealing the viruses' state of inactivation upon adherence to the coating.
by Bryan Boen Hsu.
S.M.
Divakarla, Shiva Kamini. "Ion Implanted ‘Trojan Horse’ surfaces with antimicrobial activity." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18661.
Full textAtherton, Rachel Jane. "Moisture dynamics and aeolian activity on a temperate, meso-tidal beach." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369965.
Full textMaringa, Audacity. "Electrode surface modification using metallophthalocyanines and metal nanoparticles : electrocatalytic activity." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017921.
Full textFalah, Toosi Salma. "Superhydrophobic polymeric surfaces : fabrication, wettability, and antibbacterial activity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62353.
Full textApplied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
Sun, Jinxia. "Characterization of Organosilicone Surfactants and Their Effects on Sulfonylurea Herbicide Activity." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30343.
Full textPh. D.
Leclerc, Stephane Alfred Andre. "Direct liquid crystal templating of mesoporous metals." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340513.
Full textVirtanen, I. (Iiro). "Surface flux transport simulations of the photospheric magnetic field." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526223292.
Full textOriginal papers The original publications are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation. Virtanen, I. O. I., Virtanen, I. I., Pevtsov, A. A., Yeates, A., & Mursula, K. (2017). Reconstructing solar magnetic fields from historical observations. II. Testing the surface flux transport model. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 604, A8. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201730415 http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfi-fe2017103050356 Virtanen, I. O. I., Virtanen, I. I., Pevtsov, A. A., & Mursula, K. (2018). Reconstructing solar magnetic fields from historical observations. III. Activity in one hemisphere is sufficient to cause polar field reversals in both hemispheres. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 616, A134. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732323 http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfi-fe201902205813 Virtanen, I. O. I., Virtanen, I. I., Pevtsov, A. A., Bertello, L., Yeates, A., & Mursula, K. (2019). Reconstructing solar magnetic fields from historical observations. IV. Testing the reconstruction method. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 627, A11. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935606 http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfi-fe2019091828628 Virtanen, I. O. I., Virtanen, I. I., Pevtsov, A. A., & Mursula, K. (2019) Axial dipole moment of solar active regions in cycles 21-24. Manuscript
Arimoto, Itaru. "Studies on physicochemicl properties of emulsion surface and lipoprotein lipase activity." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/182018.
Full textPothayath, Naveen. "A Look Into Human Brain Activity with EEG DataSurface Reconstruction." Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1223.
Full text