Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Activité de chimiste'
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Fournier, Etienne. "Intérêt de la prise en compte des variabilités de l’activité et de l’acceptabilité dans le cadre d’une conception centrée utilisateurs des situations de travail collaboratives Humain-Robot." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALH011.
Full textThe European Commission is encouraging the use of collaborative robots (cobots) to assist humans in their work. However, cobots seem to have difficulty in favorably transforming work situations when they do not consider the variabilities of the situations. The aim of this thesis was therefore to characterize variability in the context of a cobotic implementation, and to guide a design approach focused on future users, using acceptability, acceptance and user experience approaches. An activity analysis was carried out in a chemical laboratory as part of a future cobotic implementation. 11 operators were observed during their activity and 34 took part in semi-directive interviews. The results identified glovebox activity as the workstation that would benefit most from cobotic collaboration. They also showed that certain activities were rendered invisible due to a discrepancy between prescribed work and actual activity, resulting in regular exposure to risks that could be avoided through cobotic implementation. We have thus identified several variabilities with effects on operator activity. These were used to design experimental paradigms to test the effect of cobotic collaboration. Three User Tests were carried out with a total of 212 participants, who were asked to perform industrial assembly tasks where one or more variabilities were considered in the cobotic design. The task was performed either alone, or in pairs with another human or with a cobot (ABB's YuMi). Different types of measurement were carried out: workload (assessed via NASA TLX, Hart, 2006; Hart & Staveland, 1988), number of errors, number of gestures, completion time, degree of acceptability of cobotic collaboration (assessed via TAM, Venkatesh et al., 2012) and simulated risk exposure. Cobotic collaboration reduced the negative effects of several variabilities (e.g. variability in difficulty level, variability in operator expertise) on operator mental load and task success. Participants had a higher task success rate when collaborating with a cobot, even though they otherwise took longer to complete the task. In addition, participants reported enjoying collaborating with a cobot and having confidence in the information it provided (measured via a scale of items from Martin, 2018). Finally, when the cobot adapted to the human's safety constraints, the latter exposed himself to fewer risks. From a theoretical point of view, these empirical studies made it possible to propose a framework integrating models of variability at work, and to shed light on the effects of cobotic collaboration on the human and his task. From a practical point of view, these different studies have enabled us to propose a grid for identifying variabilities and to formulate recommendations designed to support the implementation of cobotic collaboration
Benoit, Valérie. "La brévicine 27, une bactériocine produite par Lactobacillus brevis SB27 : caractérisation, purification et éléments de structure chimique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL101N.
Full textHamdaoui, Ahmed. "Estérification par des enzymes solides. Rôle cinétique de l'eau : activité et sélectivité." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT036G.
Full textNasri, Issad. "Synthèse et activité antifongique de thiols polyfonctionnels et dérivés apparentes : relation structure chimique-activité antiadhérente." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10459.
Full textChamoumi, Mostafa. "Réarrangements d'époxydes par les zéolithes : activité intracristalline et sélectivité de forme." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20230.
Full textYagi, Sakina. "Etudes phytochimique et biologique de plantes soudanaises : Hydnora johannis Beccari (Hydnoraceae) et Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf. (Cucurbitaceae)." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10138.
Full textDifferent extracts were prepared from the roots of H. johannis and different biological tests were performed. Water extract exhibited significant activity against Enterococcus fecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus. Water extract devoid from tannin or the tannin fraction did not show any antibacterial activity reflecting the synergistic property of active compounds. Both extracts showed antifungal, antiradical capacity as well as antiglycation activity. Toxicological study of the powder and ethanol extract on rats showed toxicity to the liver and kidney tissues. Five compounds were isolated namely; 3,4,5- Trihydroxy- 6,7-dimethoxy flavone ; 3,5-Dihydroxy- 4,7- dimethoxy dihydroflavonol, Catechin, Vanillin and Protocatechuic acid. Stigmasterol, Oleic acid, Myristic acid and Palmitic acid were also identified. A study on the fruit pulps of C. lanatus var. citroides revealed that the methanolic extract displayed an antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus and E. coli. The butanolic extract showed antiradical capacity and was not toxic to brine shrimps larvae. Two compounds were isolated namely; Cucurbitacine E 2-O-[bêta]-glucopyranoside and Cucurbitacine L 2-O- [bêta] -glucopyranoside. Both compounds showed antibacterial activity against E.coli whereas, Cucurbitacine L 2-O-[bêta]-glucopyranoside showed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa as well as antiradical activity
Kadri, Nabil. "Graines de Pinus SP : caractérisation physico-chimique et activité anticancéreuse." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20143/document.
Full textThe pine (Pinus halepensis Mill., Pinus pinea L., Pinus pinaster and Pinus canariensis) seeds are the four most available species in the Mediterranean basin. They are widely used by North African populations in traditional medicine and gastronomy where they adorn the traditional dishes (salads, rice, fish ... etc) because they are well known for their excellent taste salty. However, the biochemical composition, nutritional value, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action through which these seeds exert their therapeutic effects remain poorly understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of pine seed species and nutritional and pharmaceutical value of lipid fractions of Pinus halepensis Mill. Seeds using different separation and analysis techniques such as (XRD, FTIR, CC, LC/MS, GC, GC/MS and NMR) and examining the main pathway involved in the development of cancer which is angiogenesis through biological tests in vitro on the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells on Matrigel and in vivo on a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken eggs, thus that their toxicity on healthy cell cultures (human myeloma HL60, Adenocarcinoma of human coulon, HCT15, human epithelial cells, A549 and cells melanoma, B16F1). The results of the physico-chemical characterization showed that four seeds are rich in primary metabolites (sugars, proteins, protein reserves) and secondary (total phenolic and flavonoids) as they have a high concentration of trace elements (phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper and manganese). Their essential oils are rich in limonene. The main unsaturated fatty acids of all species are linoleic acid and oleic acid. The chemical and physical properties of their fixed oils are the in standard food quality. Pinus halepensis Mill. seeds are the richest in total lipids which achieved a rate of 36% chemically diverse with non polar lipids (neutral lipids) and polar lipids (Four classes of glycolipids and six classes of phospholipids). These results are good indicators of the nutritional quality of pine seeds and imply that the neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids of Pinus halepensis Mill. seeds devoid of toxicity at the concentrations of 1, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200µg/ml and having cytotoxic activity at 500 and 1000µg/ml and anti-angiogenic effect in vitro at the concentrations of 100 and 500 µM and in vivo at the concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml may be useful in prevention of angiogenesis-related and the fight against cancer diseases
Lamour, Éric. "Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de métallosalènes à activité nucléasique." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-173.pdf.
Full textVerquin, Géraldine. "Dérivés du salène : synthèse, étude physico-chimique et activité biologique." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-95-96.pdf.
Full textDebord, Jean. "Relation structure chimique-activité biologique pour quelques phosphoramides et benzamides." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2331.
Full textChervin, Justine. "Etude de la spéciation chimique de la collection nationale de violettes et mise en place d'un agro-raffinage de la violette de Toulouse." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0119/document.
Full textThe "Viola Tolosa" project aims to promote a plant produced in Occitanie region, the violet and especially the emblematic violet of Toulouse, essentially for non-food fields such as the chemistry of natural compounds and cosmetics. Violets belong to Viola genus including more than 500 species. Today, their uses are mainly limited to ornamental and culinary aspects. Nevertheless, the growing interest of the actors of the sector (industrials, growers and academicals) led the Occitanie region to implement the Viola Tolosa project entitled "Chemical speciation of the national collection of violets et establishment of an agro-refining of the violet of Toulouse ". It comprises four interdisciplinary aspects associating fundamental and applicative aspects. The characterization of the 100 or so plants in the violet collection owned by the Toulouse municipal greenhouses, including 80% identified by cultivar or vernacular names, was carried out through genetic and chemotaxonomic studies. A first genetic study based on internal transcribed spacers conducted to classify 58% of the collection as a species. This phylogenetic study was completed by chemotaxonomic studies of chemical profiles of flowers volatile fractions and non-volatile aerial parts of the collection. Discriminant analysis of orthogonal projection to latent structure model finally allowed indexation of 96% of all plants with a species name. Study of non-volatile secondary metabolites of leaves has also been undertaken to study the biological potential of violets, including antioxidant, antifungal and defense inducer. The detailed study of a hydroalcoholic extract of the violet of Toulouse allowed the identification of eight antioxidant compounds belonging to flavonoids and coumarins. Three of them have been characterized by 1D and 2D NMR and two were de novo dereplicated through molecular network. The application to the whole collection conducted to highlight six antioxidant compounds, including two coumarins and four flavonoids, predominant in two species. A species-activity relationship was therefore highlighted. Regarding antifungal activities carried out on five fungal strains, and defense inducer through the study of pathogenesis-related protein 1, the results are more ambiguous. However, some species showed better activity than others and this screening led to a strong hypothesis regarding the involvement of cyclotides. Finally, all this work led to the establishment of an identity card of violets of the collection (genetic identification, chemical profiling, et biological potential) et a semi-quantitative description of all the species is considered by combining chromatographic data based on corona detector et spectral data. Different methods of extraction (electroporation, microwaves, supercritical CO2 et hydroalcoholic extraction) corresponding to green chemistry precepts were then compared in order to select the one presenting the best compromise between cosmetic specifications et enrichment in molecules of interest, for technological transfer
Joly, Muriel. "Interactions microorganismes-nuage : activité glaçogène et survie." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22424/document.
Full textAirborne microorganisms have long been considered as inert, passive particles dealing with hostile conditions. Recent studies highlighting metabolic activity in cloud water raised questions about the role these organisms may play on physical and chemical processes in clouds. Indeed, cloud droplets and ice crystals formation at temperature warmer than -36°C need the presence of particles called “cloud condensation nuclei” or “ice nuclei”. Bacteria could be one of them. In addition, several works revealed a potential importance of microorganisms in organic matter transformation in clouds. The objective of this thesis was to study the reciprocal interactions between microorganisms and physico-chemical conditions in clouds. First, cloud physico-chemical and microbiological compositions were described by cloud sampling at the puy de Dôme station (1465 m, France) and statistical analyses were performed to highlight correlations between physico-chemical and/or biological parameters. Secondly, five microbial strains belonging to genera frequently isolated from cloud water were subjected to four atmospheric stresses: sunlight, hydrogen peroxide, osmotic shocks occurring when water droplets condensate or evaporate and freeze-thaw cycles. Thus, it was pointed that sunlight and hydrogen peroxide at cloud concentration have no or little impact on cell viability. On the opposite, osmotic shocks and freeze-thaw can be highly deleterious depending on the considered strain. The third part of this thesis focused on the detection of ice nucleating bacterial strains in cloud water. Seven strains were thus identified and described, and one of them was selected as a model to study its behavior (survival and ice nucleation activity, INA) in a cloud simulation chamber (AIDA, Germany). In parallel, biological ice nucleation activity was measured directly on cloud samples and bacterial INA was estimated. All these experiments highlighted underestimations of ice nucleation active bacteria in models simulating microphysical processes in clouds. This new dataset may be used as new parameterization in this kind of models. Finally, in order to estimate the bacterial contribution in cloud chemistry, numerical means are needed. Therefore, the last study of this thesis focused on the determination of biological kinetic constants that may be implemented in atmospheric chemistry models. The biodegradation of three major organic compounds encountered in cloud water by three bacterial strains isolated from clouds was measured. A first approach confirmed precedent team results highlighting a considerable contribution of microorganisms on the transformation of these compounds
Andreani, Stéphane. "Valorisation d'espèces envahissantes des genres Xanthium et Senecio : caractérisation, variabilité chimique et activités des huiles essentielles." Thesis, Corte, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CORT0008/document.
Full textThe proliferation of invasive species is a global problem. The introduction of exogenous species is after pollution and habitat destruction a major cause of the disappearance of the worldwide plant and animal biodiversity. Corsica is not spare to the phenomenon and every year there are numerous dangerous species which are introduced to the island ecosystem.In this study, we have studied four invasive species of Asteraceae (X. italicum, X. spinosum, S. angulatus and S. inaequidens) from Corsica. The aim of this study is to initiate a possible valuation pathway of these species by production of their essential oils. For this purpose, we investigated the chemical variability of each essential oil and their antioxidant and anticorrosive activities. Then we have extended our investigations to the others species of Senecio genus and to Limbarda crithmoides, anciently parented taxa.GC and GC/MS analysis allowed the identification of 107 and 74 components which accounted for 98.7 and 93.5% of the X. italicum and X. spinosum essential oils, respectively. Essential oils of X. italicum and X. spinosum were dominated by hydrocarbon monoterpenes (66.2%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (41.5%), respectively. The same metabolomic pathways seem occur for both species during the vegetative cycle of the plant: oxygenated sesquiterpene-production was higher during the flowering stage. Moreover the study of 25 sample oils of X. italicum and X. spinosum showed that the chemical variability of both essential oils could be linked to morphological characters.A comprehensive work on the chemical variability of 180 sample oils of Senecio was carried out and 251 components were identified. Among them, using mono and bi-dimensional NMR the structures of 8-acetoxybisabolene-1,9-diol and 8-acetoxy-1,9-oxobisabolene, two new components of S. transiens essential oil were described for the first time. Corsican Senecio species exhibited interspecies chemical variability: the halotolerant Senecio species (S. transiens, S. cineraria and S. aquaticus erraticus) were characterized by essential oils dominated by non-terpenic compounds while the so-called “terrestrial” Senecio species (S. angulatus, S. ineaquidens, S. lividus, S. vulgaris and S. serpentinicola) exhibited terpenic component-rich oils. The study of intra-species chemical variability highlighted direct correlations between the plant-production of secondary metabolites and the nature of soils on which S. lividus, S. vulgaris and S. transiens grows. Hence essential oil compositions and morphological polymorphism are indirectly related. In the same way, the chemical variability of S. cineraria essential oils seems to be linked to the geology of the soils while the oil diversity of the invasive S. angulatus, could be linked to the both spots of introduction on Corsica Island. In addition, an original chiral-gas chromatographic method was improved and applied to the main components of the essential oils in order to complement the chemical composition of the Senecio sample oils.Furthermore the originality of Corsican Limbarda crithmoides essential was highlighted by the occurrence of two p-cymenene derivatives, never reported in the related studies from literature. The investigation of 25 Corsican L. crithmoides focuses on a direct correlation between the water salinities of the plant locations and the chemical compositions of the essential oils.Finally the antioxidant activities, anti-free radical and reducing power, were measured on some essential oils of the studied species. Essential oils of the Xanthium genus appeared to be most effectives. In addition, anticorrosion properties of the essential oils were investigated and the best corrosion inhibiting activity was exhibited by those of S. inaequidens . Anticorrosion activity could be attributed to the cacalohastine, a naphtalofuranic component, isolated form the whole essential oil after column chromatography
Atrih, Abdelmadjid. "Étude de bactériocines produites par deux souches de Lactobacillus plantarum : caractérisation, purification, structure chimique et mode d'action." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL087N.
Full textLeclerc, Lara. "Internalisation cellulaire et activité biologique de mico et nano-particules fluorescentes de chimie de surface contrôlée." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735365.
Full textFahed, Layal. "Diversité chimique et potentiel antimicrobien d’huiles essentielles de plantes libanaises." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0005/document.
Full textAntimicrobial resistance is a major global problem and a growing concern. The development of new conventional antimicrobial agents replacing inefficient ones is certainly one of the most promising strategies aiming to reduce its extent. But this solution remains unfortunately momentary. In fact, any antimicrobial agent will eventually be defeated by the spread of resistant strains favored by the selection pressure phenomenon exerted by the agent itself. It is therefore necessary to consider all possible alternatives to conventional approaches in order to diversify the antimicrobial arsenal.Essential oils used by plants in their defense against pathogens are naturally composed of a mixture of components making them able to act on several targets of the organism. Thus, even the most resistant pathogens will not be able to escape their actions and the development of resistance will be therefore limited.In this thesis, Lebanese aromatic plants selected based mainly on ethnopharmacological indications were collected from various Lebanese regions. They were subsequently hydrodistillated producing twenty essential oils analyzed by GC / MS and eventually by NMR, and assessed against a range of pathogens that cause skin infections in humans. The analysis of the chemical composition of the EOs was marked by the isolation and characterization for the first time of santolinoïdol, a bisabolene type sesquiterpene that was found in the essential oil of Achillea santolinoides subsp. wilhelmsii. Almost half of the EOs have been active on at least one pathogen. The origin of the activity of the most active oils, the effect of their associations with commercial antimicrobials and their cytotoxicities were also investigated
Rosa, Alvarenga Flavia Cristina. "Synthèse de nouveaux analogues de nucléosides potentiellement antiviraux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV068/document.
Full textThe synthetic analogues of the natural 2’-deoxyribonucleosides, linked by phosphodiester groups in nucleic acids, constitute major classes of antiviral and anticancer drugs. Such nucleosides act as “prodrugs” disturbing the biosynthesis of nucleic acids after phosphorylation. Searching for new antiviral drugs, the aim of this work was the synthesis of new modified nucleosides analogues of 2’-deoxyadenosine and -guanosine also analogues of aciclovir and its derivatives (vanciclovir, ganciclovir…) widely used for Herpes treatment. In the first works in adenine and guanine series, the cyclic analogues in which the base and a side chain introduced at position 9 of the base are linked at position 8 by an oxygen atom could not be obtained. Four cyclic analogues in the guanine series were prepared in which the base and the 9-side chain are linked at position 8 are either linked by a heteroatom (synthesized by nucleophilic substitution) or by a carbon-carbon bond (synthesized by free radical reaction). The evaluation of the antiviral activity of these compounds is underway
Cosyns, Célia. "Composition chimique et activités biologiques de champignons supérieurs, les Russulaceae." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P029.
Full textNguikwie, Kwanga Mekondane Sylvie. "Huiles essentielles d'espèces d'Aframomum camerounaises : composition chimique et activités antibactériennes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20217.
Full textThe antimicrobial properties of plant volatile oils have been assessed and there appears to be a revival in the use of traditional approaches to protecting livestock and food in industrial countries. This work is the result of combined chemical and biological studies of essential oils obtained from 15 Cameroonian aromatic species of the genus Aframomum (Zingiberaceae), commonly used as spices or as ingredients in traditional medicine.The volatile extracts were obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves, seeds, pericarps and rhizomes of representative samples of these 15 Aframomum species collected in different geographical zones of Cameroon; their chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography (GC/FID), by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and chiral chromatography to assess the enantiomeric distribution of some characteristic components (113 samples of essential oils were analyzed in the total).The antimicrobial activities of 41 volatile extracts and of their main components, after isolation and characterization, were tested against two bacteria: Escherichia coli (Gram-) and Micrococcus luteus (Gram +) by a broth dilution technique; the results show a higher efficiency of oxygenated compounds such as linalol, geraniol, myrtenol or (E)-nerolidol, with possible synergistic interactions between components in essential oils.Globally, the seed essential oils are the most efficient, in particular those extracted from: A. citratum, A. dalzielii, A. letestuianum, A. pruinosum and A. polyanthum, justifying their traditional use in food as well as in medicinal preparations or their potential application as natural preservatives in the cosmetic, food or pharmaceutical industries
Léonard, Régis. "Modélisation, synthèse chimique, activité, purification et cristallisation de la protéase du BLV." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10513.
Full textDjenontin, Tindo Sébastien. "Etude de graines oléagineuses du Bénin : caractérisation chimique, fractionnement et activité biocide." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20239.
Full textFour oilseeds from Benin have been selected on the basis of their potential biocide activity, from literature and field informations: Annona squamosa, Azadirachta indica, Carapa procera, Parkia biglobosa. Chemical analysis of seed - nut, oil, cake - main components (lipids, proteins, sugars, minerals, lignocellulose) helped completing literature data. This study shows the nutritional interest of P. Biglobosa oil, thanks to its well balanced fatty acid composition, high phytosterols and tocopherols contents (2. 700 ; 870 ppm respectively) and that of the cake having a noticeable content of essential aminoacids. Other oils are of oleic type, the highest content of this acid -59% being for C. Procera. These data show possible ways of valorising by-products resulting from extraction of fractions having anti-termite activity, this last field being the main objective of the present work. The extraction step has been investigated with solvents covering a wide range of polarity (hexane, petroleum ether, supercritical CO2, acetone/water, ethanol/water, methanol) using 3 experimental methodes (solid-liquid batch extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, preparative chromatography). Equilibrium curves for stepwise extraction with ethanol/water mixtures led to computed operation lines and pointed the interesting score of the 80/20v/v mixture, a solvent having a low environment impact compared to others of the series. Supercritical CO2 with ethanol as co-solvent could be an alternative highly selective solvent. A. Squamosa showed the highest biocide activity among the four species, especially in the case of polar solvents. A derivatization step, elemental analysis C, H, O, HPLC/MS and proton NMR showed the chemical structure of several components of the most active fraction
Bouchet-Rallet, Emanuelle. "Propriétés olfactives de composés purs et de mélanges : relations avec la structure et la composition chimique." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10042.
Full textLeyva, Lida. "Complexes cycloruthénés à activité anticancéreuse : Synthèse, activité et toxicité." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13159.
Full textBourrel, Christian. "Analyse chimique, activités biostatiques et antioxydantes d'extraits de plantes aromatiques sélectionnées." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT016G.
Full textMasotti, Véronique. "Etude anatomique, chimique et activité biologique du Xylopia aethiopica (Dun. ) Rich. Du Bénin." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30031.
Full textLawson, Marie. "Recherche de nouveaux ligands du site de la colchicine : Modélisation moléculaire, synthèse et évaluation biologique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS069.
Full textAs part of this work we are interested in discovering new ligands original tubulin inhibitory activity having its polymerization. To do this, rational in silico study is performed to obtain the active molecules in vitro that protein. During this first year of thesis we have developed in collaboration with the modeling team BioCIS - CNRS (Dr. G. Bernadat and Prof. T. Duong Ha.) A virtual screening a chemical library of more than 3 million chemical structures in the ZINC database according to structural descriptors. This screening allowed us to bring out thirty of potentially active molecules. We have already synthesized a quarter of these molecules that are currently being biological evaluation in collaboration with the team of Biochemistry and Structural chemistry of natural substances (Dr. J. Bignon and Dr. J. Dubois) of The Institute Chemistry and Natural Products. For this year, we will continue the synthesis of molecules from this screening in order to assess their activities on tubulin. Depending on the laboratory results, we can also perform pharmacomodulations to improve any potential ligands
Hadj, Mohamed Ameni. "Développement de nouvelles molécules de type di et triarylméthanes à visée antibactérienne et anticancéreuse : synthèse, caractérisation et études biologiques." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2020SORUS107.pdf.
Full textDi and triarylmethane molecules are described in the literature as privileged structures in medicinal chemistry. This thesis project concerns the development of new di and triarylmethane compounds for therapeutic purposes using tools used in medicinal chemistry. Two series, olefinic and alkyloxide diarylmethanes have been synthesized. Three series of triarylmethanes have been developed: triazole TAMs, macrocyclic TAMs and hybrid TAMs. Antibacterial and anticancer activity as well as cytotoxicity were studied in vitro for the synthesized compounds. Prediction of the ADME profile of the best molecules was also performed. From these studies, we demonstrated the interesting antiproliferative potential of some compounds on colorectal cancer cells and the absence of cytotoxicity of these compounds on normal cells
Joseph-Angélique, Josianny. "Contribution a la connaissance chimique et valorisation biologique de nectandra membranacea (swartz) grisebach de Guadeloupe." Thesis, Antilles, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANTI0006/document.
Full textNectandra membranacea (Lauraceae) is a very common plant in the French West Indies. No traditional use of this plant is known, but the genus Nectandra, which represents the second most important of Lauraceae family with 114 recognized species, has got analgesic, anti-inflammatory and energizing activities (Le Quesne et al 1980). Nectandra was also identified as a potential antitumor agent (Silva-Filho, 2004). Many properties of the genus, and some chemical knowledge of this species, have prompted us to perform phytochemical and biological study of different parts of the plant. Lipids and the main classes of secondary metabolites (terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids) were investigated in leaves, bark and fruits of Nectandra membranacea. To determine the monitoring changes in the chemical composition, according to the life cycle of the plant, the study was carried out on samples (leaves, bark and fruits) harvested at two stages of the cycle plant : germination (stage A) and fruit stage (stage B). N. membranacea, thanks to the presence of many chemical families, has interesting biological activities. Essential oils have shown anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities. They revealed antiviral activity on the herpes virus. The polyphenolic extracts from different parts of the plant showed a high antioxidant activity (ORAC and DPPH tests) and in vitro (healthy cells) and significant anti-inflammatory properties. The total alkaloids extracted from the three parts were evaluated for Alzheimer’s disease and were found to have very good protective effects, especially the leaves’ extracts collected during germination. This work has expanded knowledge of the essential oil of the species (composition of several parts and biological activity). Flavonoids have been identified, but the plant was shown to be particularly rich in alkaloids (fifteen were identified) of indolic and isoquinolic type. N. membranacea presents many properties. In view of its interesting biological activities, it could be used for many drugs but also in cosmetic area
Henry, Laurence. "Synthèse et activité pharmacologique d'indoloquinolizinones." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON13515.
Full textCagnoni, Alejandro. "Ligands multivalents contenant des thiosucres : synthèse et activité biologique." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0110.
Full textThe specific interactions between carbohydrates and proteins are determinant in a number of biological phenomena, since they trigger a myriad of biological processes related with communication processes. To achieve high affinity interactions, Nature has designed biomolecules presenting several copies of specific oligosaccharidic moieties recognized by a protein. This fact leads to the cluster glycosidic effect, also called multivalent effect, described as a high affinity process which is stronger than the simple sum of monovalent interactions. Moreover, these interactions between multivalent ligands and their protein receptors (mainly lectins), produce complex lattices which trigger specific biological responses. The aim of this work was the synthesis of multivalent ligands bearing thiosugars, specifically selected to study lectin-mediated biological events. Theses ligands have been designed to interact with lectins that recognize β-galactosides (peanut lectin and galectins), and to be resistant to enzymatic degradation. Thus, four different recognition elements derived from β-galactosides have been synthesized : β-thiogalactosides, β-thiolactosides, isoteric analogues of 3-deoxylactose and thiodigalactoside analogues. Specific methodology has been developed in each case to achieve their preparation. These fragments were connected to biocompatible carbohydrate-derived scaffolds through the "click" reaction, the cycloaddition between azides and alkynes catalyzed by Cu(I) or Ru(II). The affinity of the synthesized ligands for lectins, as well as their activity as glycosidase inhibitors was determined. In addition, conformational studies of the thiosugars and the analysis of the enzyme-inhibitor interactions were performed using NMR techniques and molecular modeling
Rondeau, Anne. "Compréhension du fonctionnement biologique et physico-chimique d'un biofiltre végétalisé pour le traitement de polluants atmosphériques urbains gazeux." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10012/document.
Full textIn town, underground car parks are confined spaces in witch large and complex pollution are accumulated. They are also a source of contamination of the external environment since the treatment of the air pumped out by ventilation system sis not regulated. In the framework of air treatment, using planted biofilter, combining bacteria and plants, is an innovative solution contributing to the improvement of urban air quality by reducing the dispersion of gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere. In a « research and development » context, the objective is to understand the biological and physico-chemical operation for improving operational control. This innovative study focuses on the treatment of high volumes of air containing a low concentrations of pollutants, such as NOx, VOCs (about 100 à 200 µg.m-3) through a thin planted biofilter. The use of a pilot-scale unit of biofiltration allowed to evaluate the influence of the plant, as well as the necessity of a fertilization, on the removal efficiency of such a system. In order to maximize the volumes of treated air while limiting the footprint of the planted biofilters, the superficial gas velocity has been increased and the thickness of the packing material decreased. The indigenous bacteria have been characterized by a functional study of the bacterial communities involved in the degradation of NOx and TEX on one part, and by a quantitative and qualitative study of the total bacterial community on the other part, by using molecular biology approaches, such a real-time PCR amplification, and pyrosequencing from metagenomic DNA. Results on pilot-scale unit have shown a removal efficiency greater than 97%, in all environmental conditions tested. Consequently, it seems possible to treat high volumes of air containing low concentrations of TEX through a thin planted biofilter. The presence of plants does not seem to have short-term impacts on the removal efficiency when a fertilizer promotes the nitrogen availability in the packing material. The evaluation of the global microbiological functioning showed the potential of microbial communities in the biodegradation of NOx and TEX in planted biofilters. The indigenous bacterial communities of the packing material and the mound of soil are rapidly able to adapt to the functioning conditions of such a system
Martin, Nicolas Joseph. "Approche génétique et chimique de deux espèces endémiques de Polynésie française : terminalia glabrata et Rauvolfia nukuhivensis." Thesis, Polynésie française, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POLF0003.
Full textTerminalia glabrata and Rauvolfia nukuhivensis are endangered Polynesian plant species and endemic. T. glabrata co-exists with a common species from the Pacific T. catappa, thus contributing to its vulnerability by interfertility. R nukuhivensis endures regeneration issues due to climate stress, predation and overexploitation. Hence, these species have been classified as protected species by the authorities and are subjected to conservation plans. Because of their heritage value and their traditional uses, they represent species of cultural importance for the country. Genetics and chemistry approaches were conducted for this study. Concerning T. glabrata, barcoding assays established great similarity with T. catappa. Metabolomics data showed infraspecific variability. Phylogenetic data of Rauvolfia species are consistent with their biogeography, and revealed the existence of an only group of individuals from Nuku Hiva and Ua Huka. Genetic diversity is linked to phytochemical occurence. Investigation of R. nukuhivensis bark metabolites and the traditional remedy led to identification of 13 isolated compounds within 8 new ones, belonging to the ajmalan, sarpagan, macroline and β-carboline skeleton. The co-occurrence of these alkaloid skeletons led to establish an unprecedented biosynthesis route. Finally, isolated compounds and the traditional remedy were submitted to bioassays. The traditional remedy induced cell proliferation and wound healing activities on FHN cells and ion channels Kv11.1 were strongly inhibited by
Kondracki, Marie-Lise. "Étude chimique et biologique de quinones sesquiterpéniques isolées de l'éponge Sménospongia sp." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112008.
Full textAllain, Philippe. "L'huile essentielle de Teucrium puechiae Greuter et Burdet : aspect botanique, composition chimique, activité antimicrobienne." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON13521.
Full textCeballos, Claire. "Synthèse, étude physico-chimique et activité de transfection de nouveaux amphiphiles dérivés de nucléosides." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX22046.
Full textThe development of gene therapy is essentially based on gene transfer systems development. Considering the problems associated with viruses as delivery systems, synthetic vectors were proved to be promising alternative to viral-based systems. Our research project lies within the scope of developing new synthetic vectors for gene transfer. For many years, amphiphilic structures based on nucleosides have been used in our laboratories for several applications, including antitumoral prodrugs or drug/biomolecule delivery systems. In this work, we designed new cationic and anionic nucleolipids. Different structural modifications including base, sugar and charge modifications were envisioned. Universal base, acyclic osidic part and polar head have been incorporated in order to tune the potentiality of the original nucleolipids. The anionic phosphorylated nucleolipids have been synthesized by using a convenient phosphoramidites synthetic route. Several studies including DLS, TEM and ethidium bromide assay demonstrated that the amphiphilic molecules form supramolecular organizations and are able to bind nucleic acids. Finally, the in vitro transfection activity of the compounds was assessed on different cell lines. Cationic lipids exhibited transfection properties of siRNA comparable to or even better than, those commercially available and commonly used as references. Moreover, anionic nucleolipids exhibited a significant transfection efficiency on Hek cell lines
El, Bitar Hoda. "Alcaloïdes de Daphniphyllum sp. (Daphniphyllaceae) : structure, réactivité, activité biologique." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0035.
Full textThe Daphniphyllum genus, the only one of the Daphniphyllaceae family, is composed of ten species and is remarkable for its ability to biosynthesize various alkaloid classes with highly complex and unique polycyclic structures. Through a French-Vietnamese collaborative research program, we investigated the alkaloid compounds from Daphniphyllum calycinum Benth. , a shrub from North-Vietnam and China, which has been used in folk medicine for wound healing and as an anti-inflammatory remedy. From the stem bark of this plant, we isolated a novel alkaloid, daphcalycine, possessing an original heptacyclic skeleton; its N-oxide derivative has been identified from the methanolic extract of the leaves. Further investigation of the constituents of the seeds yielded ten new alkaloids, among which five are characterized by an iridoid glycoside linked to Daphniphyllum alkaloid moieties. Their structures and relative configuration were determined by spectroscopic analysis including 2D NMR, mass spectrometry, and chemical transformations. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated and several displayed a cytotoxic activity against human nasopharynx carcinoma KB cells and inhibition activity on Plasmodium falciparum. Furthermore, a plausible pathway for the biosynthesis of these alkaloids was proposed. The reactivity of these natural compounds and their absolute stereochemistry are study
Martens, Thierry. "Comportement physico-chimique de dithiolel, 2 thiones-3 : relation structure- activite antibilharzienne." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066397.
Full textDebord, Jean. "Relation structure chimique-activité biologique pour quelques phosphoramides et benzamides." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376167390.
Full textVerquin, Géraldine Bernier Jean-Luc. "Dérivés du salène synthèse, étude physico-chimique et activité biologique /." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/780.
Full textEl, khawand Toni. "Extraction et hémisynthèse de stilbènes de la vigne et du vin pour une application en santé humaine et végétale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0402.
Full textStilbenes are a group of defence molecules produced by grapevine to fight against pathogens. They are consequently found in wine, where they acquire an added value through their proven positive effects on human health. Knowing that the efficacy of stilbenes against some oomycetes and fungus pathogens that attack grapevine increases with their oligomerization degree, the first objective of this thesis was to optimize and proceed to oxidative coupling reactions of resveratrol and ɛ-viniférine extracted from grapevine canes, in the presence of metal salts, in order to produce stilbene oligomers. On the one hand, these hemisynthesis reactions led to the formation of stilbenes with high molecular weight, and to the production of extracts with high antifungal activity against two major grapevine pathogens, Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea. On the other hand, these oxidative coupling reactions carried out on wine helped study the mechanisms of the oxidative transformation of resveratrol in wine, identify the resulting oligomers and determine the conditions conducive to their formation. Finally, the potential effects of these oligomers on human health were studied, by evaluating the level of their anti-inflammatory activity
Pitsch, K. Helmut. "Application de la mise en équation des effets de relargage à la modélisation des systèmes de distribution liquide-liquide." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066248.
Full textStigliani, Jean-Luc. "Etude de modèles décisionnels dans le cadre des relations entre structure chimique et activité biologique." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30025.
Full textGOLASZEWSKI, GENEVIEVE. "Activité microbiologique et réactivité chimique des chloroisocyanuriques vis-à-vis de quelques molécules organo-azotées." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT2403.
Full textPecher, Julien. "Synthèse, analyse structurale et activité biologique d'insulinomimétiques." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIED004.
Full textThis work of thesis consisted in synthesizing antidiabetic peptides with aiming, determining their three-dimensional structure and studying their biological activity during in vitro and in vivo biological essay. Studied peptides derive either from chains A and B isolated from human peptide insulin or described in the literature like having a biological activity. The pharmacological effect of peptides was tested on cellular models and an animal model. The structural studies carried out by NMR, CD and molecular dynamics made it possible to propose a three-dimensional model for two of these peptides. A sequential approach implying the rebuilding of the disulphide bridge starting from derived the sulfhydryl was followed during simulations of about a microsecond. Lastly, a general method of impact study intramolecular disulphide bridge in the folding of peptides was developed by molecular dynamics in the presence of implicit solvent "GB"
WAHL, ANNE. "Chimie des taxoides hemisynthese d'analogues structuraux du taxotere# : relations structure-activite." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112450.
Full textLlarena, Hernandez Régulo Carlos. "Biologie, caractérisation chimique et activités antioxydantes du champignon comestible et médicinal Agaricus subrufescens." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3008/document.
Full textAgaricus subrufescens is becoming a mushroom of interest because of its medicinal properties. Commercial production had developed in tropical countries using local materials. However, data available in the literature referred to cultivars that are genetically similar. Our study of a set of cultivars and wild strains led to a better understanding of the biology of the species. Contrary to cultivars, wild strains exhibited a high level of genetic polymorphism. High phenotypic variability was identified in mycelial growth, productivity and morphology. Chemical analyses by solid-state 13C NMR and antioxidant activities showed that the wild strains as well as the cultivars proved a valuable source of functional food to prevent cardiovascular diseases, cancers and diabetes. Using cultivation substrate produced for A. bisporus and modifying cultivation conditions allowed fruiting of A. subrufescens, then increase in strain yield and optimization of agronomic traits of interest. Wild material with good antioxidant activity and high productivity was identified. The evaluation of intercontinental hybrids showed the possibility to transfer traits of interest to offspring. A. subrufescens could be proposed to French mushroom growers as an alternative to Agaricus bisporus during the summer season
Villarreal, Soto Silvia Alejandra. "Etude d'un procédé de fermentation de Kombucha : caractérisation chimique, microbienne et activités biologiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0080.
Full textKombucha, a traditional tea fermented by a consortium of several bacteria (Komagataeibacter sp, Gluconacetobacter sp, Gluconobacter sp, Acetobacter sp…) and yeasts (Brettanomyces sp, Schizosaccharomyces sp, Zygosaccharomyces sp, Saccharomyces sp …) whose fermentation leads to the production of metabolites of interest. The design of an optimal fermentation process for this beverage is a big challenge due to its complex microbiota. The objective of this research project is to identify the key parameters that may improve the production of bioactive molecules and further settle a base for its industrial scale-up. It was demonstrated that the geometry of the fermentation vessel and the oxygen transfer have an influence on the production of metabolites and bioactive compounds. Extracts were prepared by liquid/liquid extractions followed by analysis of their in-vitro biological activities (antioxidant, anti-15lipoxygenase, anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-proliferation activity of cancer cells) to study the influence of the process on the properties of the metabolites. In parallel, an identification and chemical quantification of the different extracts was carried out by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS. High throughput sequencing analysis was performed allowing the identification of the dominant microorganisms, their functional genes and main metabolic pathways. The influence of the origin of the microbial consortium was evaluated, the kinetics of fermentation and the characterization of the produced bacterial cellulose was also studied. Our studies revealed a link between the process, the microbiota, the chemical compounds produced during fermentation and the biological profile of the final product. This work represents a significant advancement in establishing some of the key parameters for the optimization of Kombucha fermentation and metabolites production
Boughougal, Amina. "Synthèse et caractérisation de composés de coordination antimicrobiens." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1260.
Full textDevelopment of novel coordination complexes with diverse biological activities (antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer) is a rapidly evolving field of inorganic chemistry with potential direct impact on quality of life. Metal–drug complexes are of increasing interest in bioinorganic chemistry, leveraging the synergistic effect to lead to compounds with improved pharmacological activity. The recognition of the role of metal ions in biological systems and in treatment of various diseases calls attention to the benefits of studying the interaction of metal ions with organic drug molecules. In continuation with previous works of team, we focus here on the synthesis of new families of metal-antibiotic complexes associating, on one single-molecule, the antiseptic activity of a metal ion with the bioactivity of one or two type of bioactive molecules. Their additive actions have a synergetic effect and lead to more effective and shorter treatments and should strongly minimize the risks for appearance of bacteria mutants. In this work, we succeeded to synthesis the first metal-antibiotic complex associating two types of different antibiotic as ligands with Zn(II). The structure in the solid state of this new complex was established together with the studies of the chemical-physical properties. Comparative studies show it has a better antibacterial activity against (E.Coli, E,Aureus, E.Feacalis ) than parent antibiotics and complexes with only one of the antibiotic. This open a new concept named as Multi-Active Biomolecule Assembly. Moreover, the synthesis and characterisation of new trifluorométhylated antimicrobial ligands are described
Ménager-Rudi, Sabine. "Étude d'hétérocycles azotés à activité pharmacologique." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUE03TP.
Full textChaaban, Hind. "Étude cinétique et modélisation des effets des traitements thermiques et de l’environnement physico-chimique sur la dégradation et l’activité antioxydante des flavonoïdes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0065/document.
Full textThe objectives of this thesis are to study the effects of a heat treatment and the physicochemical environment on the stability of 6 flavonoids of different structure and on the evolution of their antioxidant activity. The heat treatment conditions were as follows: (i) heating under isothermal conditions for 2 h at temperatures ranging from 30 to 130 ° C and (ii) heating under non-isothermal conditions by microcalorimetry (30 to 130 ° C, 4 ° C / hour). The flavonoids were solubilized in water. We found that the glycosylated flavonoids are more resistant than the aglyconic flavonoids. The calculated degradation activation energies also depend on the structure of the flavonoid. To degrade, glycosylated flavonoids require high energy relative to the aglycone form. Exposure to light was carried out for 15 days with and without oxygen, the experimental control being a dark storage with and without oxygen. The degradation of flavonoids is influenced by the presence of light and by the amount of oxygen. The molecules have a different sensitivity according to their structure, the following classification is obtained according to: naringine, ériodictyol then rutin, luteolin, luteolin 7-O-glucoside and finally the mesquitol. Indeed, the presence of a hydroxyl group at position 3 and a C2-C3 double bond reduces the stability of the flavonoids. Furthermore, it has been observed that, despite the total degradation of certain flavonoids by the heat treatment and the physical-chemical environment, the treated solutions retain an antioxidant activity