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Journal articles on the topic 'Active tissue'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Kazybekova, S. K., N. K. Bishimbaeyva, A. S. Murtazina, S. M. Tazhibayeva, and R. Miller. "Physico-chemical properties of physiologically active polysaccharides from wheat tissue culture." International Journal of Biology and Chemistry 8, no. 2 (2015): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/2218-7979-2015-8-2-18-22.

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2

Kim, Soo Hyun, Young Mee Jung, Sang Heon Kim, Young Ha Kim, Jun Xie, Takehisa Matsuda, and Byoung Goo Min. "Mechano-Active Cartilage Tissue Engineering." Advances in Science and Technology 49 (October 2006): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.49.189.

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To engineer cartilaginous constructs with a mechano-active scaffold and dynamic compression was performed for effective cartilage tissue engineering. Mechano-active scaffolds were fabricated from very elastic poly(L-lactide-co-ε-carprolactone)(5:5). The scaffolds with 85 % porosity and 300~500 μm pore size were prepared by a gel-pressing method. The scaffolds were seeded with chondrocytes and the continuous compressive deformation of 5% strain was applied to cell-polymer constructs with 0.1Hz to evaluate for the effect of dynamic compression for regeneration of cartilage. Also, the chondrocytes-seeded constructs stimulated by the continuous compressive deformation of 5% strain with 0.1Hz for 10 days and 24 days respectively were implanted in nude mice subcutaneously to investigate their biocompatibility and cartilage formation. From biochemical analyses, chondrogenic differentiation was sustained and enhanced significantly and chondrial extracellular matrix was increased through mechanical stimulation. Histological analysis showed that implants stimulated mechanically formed mature and well-developed cartilaginous tissue, as evidenced by chondrocytes within lacunae. Masson’s trichrome and Safranin O staining indicated an abundant accumulation of collagens and GAGs. Also, ECM in constructs was strongly immuno-stained with anti-rabbit collagen type II antibody. Consequently, the periodic application of dynamic compression can improve the quality of cartilaginous tissue formed in vitro and in vivo.

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3

Butenas, Saulius, and Kenneth G. Mann. "Active tissue factor in blood?" Nature Medicine 10, no. 11 (November 2004): 1155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1104-1155b.

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4

Bogdanov, Vladimir Y., James Hathcock, and Yale Nemerson. "Active tissue factor in blood?" Nature Medicine 10, no. 11 (November 2004): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1104-1156.

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5

Paetsch, C., and L. Dorfmann. "Stability of active muscle tissue." Journal of Engineering Mathematics 95, no. 1 (December 30, 2014): 193–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10665-014-9750-1.

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6

Popović, Marko, Amitabha Nandi, Matthias Merkel, Raphaël Etournay, Suzanne Eaton, Frank Jülicher, and Guillaume Salbreux. "Active dynamics of tissue shear flow." New Journal of Physics 19, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 033006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa5756.

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7

Lowe, Whitney W. "Connective tissue perspectives: Active engagement strokes." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 4, no. 4 (October 2000): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jbmt.2000.0166.

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8

Xi, Wang, Thuan Beng Saw, Delphine Delacour, Chwee Teck Lim, and Benoit Ladoux. "Material approaches to active tissue mechanics." Nature Reviews Materials 4, no. 1 (December 6, 2018): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41578-018-0066-z.

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9

Chirek, Z. "Physiological and biochemical effects of morphactin IT 3233 on callus and tumour tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. cultured in vitro III. Transamination processes catalysed by aminotransferase L-alanine: 2-oxoglutarate." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 43, no. 2 (2015): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1974.015.

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An active alanine transaminase was found both in callus and tumour tissues of tobacco. The enzyme is more active in the latter tissue, and the reaction balance is strongly shifted towards alanine production, while in callus tissue towards glutamic acid formation. Morphactin applied to the tissue cultures stimulates markedly the enzyme activity only in callus. A negative correlation was observed between the intensity of transamination processes and enhanced synthesis of proteins in the tissues studied. Morphactin disturbs nitrogen metabolism in the callus tissue. Tumour tissue is more resistant to the action of this substance. The different hormonal activities in these tissues may be the cause of the different effects of morphactin.

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10

Bogdan, Michał J., and Thierry Savin. "Fingering instabilities in tissue invasion: an active fluid model." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 12 (December 2018): 181579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181579.

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Metastatic tumours often invade healthy neighbouring tissues by forming multicellular finger-like protrusions emerging from the cancer mass. To understand the mechanical context behind this phenomenon, we here develop a minimalist fluid model of a self-propelled, growing biological tissue. The theory involves only four mechanical parameters and remains analytically trackable in various settings. As an application of the model, we study the evolution of a two-dimensional circular droplet made of our active and expanding fluid, and embedded in a passive non-growing tissue. This system could be used to model the evolution of a carcinoma in an epithelial layer. We find that our description can explain the propensity of tumour tissues to fingering instabilities, as conditioned by the magnitude of active traction and the growth kinetics. We are also able to derive predictions for the tumour size at the onset of metastasis, and for the number of subsequent invasive fingers. Our active fluid model may help describe a wider range of biological processes, including wound healing and developmental patterning.

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11

Tlili, S., J. Yin, J. F. Rupprecht, M. A. Mendieta-Serrano, G. Weissbart, N. Verma, X. Teng, Y. Toyama, J. Prost, and T. E. Saunders. "Shaping the zebrafish myotome by intertissue friction and active stress." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 51 (November 26, 2019): 25430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900819116.

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Organ formation is an inherently biophysical process, requiring large-scale tissue deformations. Yet, understanding how complex organ shape emerges during development remains a major challenge. During zebrafish embryogenesis, large muscle segments, called myotomes, acquire a characteristic chevron morphology, which is believed to aid swimming. Myotome shape can be altered by perturbing muscle cell differentiation or the interaction between myotomes and surrounding tissues during morphogenesis. To disentangle the mechanisms contributing to shape formation of the myotome, we combine single-cell resolution live imaging with quantitative image analysis and theoretical modeling. We find that, soon after segmentation from the presomitic mesoderm, the future myotome spreads across the underlying tissues. The mechanical coupling between the future myotome and the surrounding tissues appears to spatially vary, effectively resulting in spatially heterogeneous friction. Using a vertex model combined with experimental validation, we show that the interplay of tissue spreading and friction is sufficient to drive the initial phase of chevron shape formation. However, local anisotropic stresses, generated during muscle cell differentiation, are necessary to reach the acute angle of the chevron in wild-type embryos. Finally, tissue plasticity is required for formation and maintenance of the chevron shape, which is mediated by orientated cellular rearrangements. Our work sheds light on how a spatiotemporal sequence of local cellular events can have a nonlocal and irreversible mechanical impact at the tissue scale, leading to robust organ shaping.

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12

Gaido, Kevin, Li You, and S. Safe. "Modification of endocrine active potential by mixtures." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 11-12 (January 1, 2003): 2069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375112069.

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Wildlife and humans are exposed to a complex mixture of endocrine active chemicals. The activity of a specific chemical in any mixture can be modified through interactions with other components of the mixture. The toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach for risk assessment was developed for chemicals such as halogenated aromatics that induce their effects through ligand-activated receptors. For persistent halogenated aromatic AhR agonists, this approach has some utility. However, the use of the TEF approach for endocrine active compounds is confounded by the unique tissue- and response-specific activities of these structurally diverse compounds. The term selective receptor modulator describes the ability of a natural or synthetic receptor ligand to manifest agonist activity in one tissue or for one response and antagonist activity in other tissues or for another response in the same tissue. Thus, it is possible for chemicals in a mixture to behave in an additive manner for one response and an antagonist manner for another response. A mechanisms-based hazard risk assessment of endocrine active chemical mixtures must account for these multiple variables.

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13

Orr, Alexis N., Janice M. Thompson, Janae M. Lyttle, and Stephanie W. Watts. "Transglutaminases Are Active in Perivascular Adipose Tissue." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052649.

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Transglutaminases (TGs) are crosslinking enzymes best known for their vascular remodeling in hypertension. They require calcium to form an isopeptide bond, connecting a glutamine to a protein bound lysine residue or a free amine donor such as norepinephrine (NE) or serotonin (5-HT). We discovered that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contains significant amounts of these amines, making PVAT an ideal model to test interactions of amines and TGs. We hypothesized that transglutaminases are active in PVAT. Real time RT-PCR determined that Sprague Dawley rat aortic, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and mesenteric resistance vessel (MR) PVATs express TG2 and blood coagulation Factor-XIII (FXIII) mRNA. Consistent with this, immunohistochemical analyses support that these PVATs all express TG2 and FXIII protein. The activity of TG2 and FXIII was investigated in tissue sections using substrate peptides that label active TGs when in a catalyzing calcium solution. Both TG2 and FXIII were active in rat aortic PVAT, SMAPVAT, and MRPVAT. Western blot analysis determined that the known TG inhibitor cystamine reduced incorporation of experimentally added amine donor 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine (BAP) into MRPVAT. Finally, experimentally added NE competitively inhibited incorporation of BAP into MRPVAT adipocytes. Further studies to determine the identity of amidated proteins will give insight into how these enzymes contribute to functions of PVAT and, ultimately, blood pressure.

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14

Ferrand, A., C. Mendoza-Palomares, F. Fioretti, S. Facca, A. Dierich, D. Mainard, and N. Benkirane-Jessel. "Nanostructured Active Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications." Open Conference Proceedings Journal 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/22102892010010100197.

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15

YAMAMOTO, Ryoichi, John J. MOLINA, and Simon K. SCHNYDER. "Physical Modeling for Active Cells and Tissue." Seibutsu Butsuri 58, no. 3 (2018): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.58.159.

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16

Castro, N., S. Ribeiro, M. M. Fernandes, C. Ribeiro, V. Cardoso, V. Correia, R. Minguez, and S. Lanceros‐Mendez. "Physically Active Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering Applications." Advanced Biosystems 4, no. 10 (September 13, 2020): 2000125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adbi.202000125.

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17

de Vries, M., J. Sikorski, S. Misra, and J. J. van den Dobbelsteen. "Axially rigid steerable needle with compliant active tip control." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): e0261089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261089.

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Steerable instruments allow for precise access to deeply-seated targets while sparing sensitive tissues and avoiding anatomical structures. In this study we present a novel omnidirectional steerable instrument for prostate high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT). The instrument utilizes a needle with internal compliant mechanism, which enables distal tip steering through proximal instrument bending while retaining high axial and flexural rigidity. Finite element analysis evaluated the design and the prototype was validated in experiments involving tissue simulants and ex-vivo bovine tissue. Ultrasound (US) images were used to provide visualization and shape-reconstruction of the instrument during the insertions. In the experiments lateral tip steering up to 20 mm was found. Manually controlled active needle tip steering in inhomogeneous tissue simulants and ex-vivo tissue resulted in mean targeting errors of 1.4 mm and 2 mm in 3D position, respectively. The experiments show that steering response of the instrument is history-independent. The results indicate that the endpoint accuracy of the steerable instrument is similar to that of the conventional rigid HDR BT needle while adding the ability to steer along curved paths. Due to the design of the steerable needle sufficient axial and flexural rigidity is preserved to enable puncturing and path control within various heterogeneous tissues. The developed instrument has the potential to overcome problems currently unavoidable with conventional instruments, such as pubic arch interference in HDR BT, without major changes to the clinical workflow.

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18

Gaspar, Natasa, Giorgia Zambito, Clemens M. W. G. Löwik, and Laura Mezzanotte. "Active Nano-targeting of Macrophages." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 17 (September 4, 2019): 1951–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190710114108.

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: Macrophages play a role in almost every disease such as cancer, infections, injuries, metabolic and inflammatory diseases and are becoming an attractive therapeutic target. However, understanding macrophage diversity, tissue distribution and plasticity will help in defining precise targeting strategies and effective therapies. Active targeting of macrophages using nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes is still at its infancy but holds promises since macrophages have shown high specific uptake of nanoparticles. Here we highlight recent progress in active nanotechnology-based systems gaining pivotal roles to target diverse macrophage subsets in diseased tissues.

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19

Gebeyehu, Esubalew Kasaw, Xiaofeng Sui, Biruk Fentahun Adamu, Kura Alemayehu Beyene, and Melkie Getnet Tadesse. "Cellulosic-Based Conductive Hydrogels for Electro-Active Tissues: A Review Summary." Gels 8, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8030140.

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The use of hydrogel in tissue engineering is not entirely new. In the last six decades, researchers have used hydrogel to develop artificial organs and tissue for the diagnosis of real-life problems and research purposes. Trial and error dominated the first forty years of tissue generation. Nowadays, biomaterials research is constantly progressing in the direction of new materials with expanded capabilities to better meet the current needs. Knowing the biological phenomenon at the interaction among materials and the human body has promoted the development of smart bio-inert and bio-active polymeric materials or devices as a result of vigorous and consistent research. Hydrogels can be tailored to contain properties such as softness, porosity, adequate strength, biodegradability, and a suitable surface for adhesion; they are ideal for use as a scaffold to provide support for cellular attachment and control tissue shapes. Perhaps electrical conductivity in hydrogel polymers promotes the interaction of electrical signals among artificial neurons and simulates the physiological microenvironment of electro-active tissues. This paper presents a review of the current state-of-the-art related to the complete process of conductive hydrogel manufacturing for tissue engineering from cellulosic materials. The essential properties required by hydrogel for electro-active-tissue regeneration are explored after a short overview of hydrogel classification and manufacturing methods. To prepare hydrogel from cellulose, the base material, cellulose, is first synthesized from plant fibers or generated from bacteria, fungi, or animals. The natural chemistry of cellulose and its derivatives in the fabrication of hydrogels is briefly discussed. Thereafter, the current scenario and latest developments of cellulose-based conductive hydrogels for tissue engineering are reviewed with an illustration from the literature. Finally, the pro and cons of conductive hydrogels for tissue engineering are indicated.

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20

TANAKA, Nobuyuki, Mitsuru HIGASHIMORI, and Makoto KANEKO. "Active Sensing for Viscoelastic Tissue with Coupling Effect." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 44, no. 10 (2008): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/ve.sicetr1965.44.779.

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21

Bosetti, Michela, Alessia Borrone, Massimiliano Leigheb, V. Prasad Shastri, and Mario Cannas. "Injectable Graft Substitute Active on Bone Tissue Regeneration." Tissue Engineering Part A 23, no. 23-24 (December 2017): 1413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0554.

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22

Perry, Colin, Naveed Sattar, and John Petrie. "Review: Adipose tissue: passive sump or active pump?" British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 1, no. 2 (November 2001): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14746514010010020801.

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23

Lin, Xiao, Yanjie Bai, Huan Zhou, and Lei Yang. "Mechano-active biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 59 (December 2020): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.03.074.

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24

Camera, Marina, Marta Brambilla, Daniela Boselli, Laura Facchinetti, Paola Canzano, Laura Rossetti, Vincenzo Toschi, and Elena Tremoli. "Response: functionally active platelets do express tissue factor." Blood 119, no. 18 (May 3, 2012): 4339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-02-410043.

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25

Desbène, Stéphanie, Bernard Hanquet, Yukihiro Shoyama, Hildebert Wagner, and Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois. "Biologically Active Triterpene Saponins from Callus Tissue ofPolygalaamarella." Journal of Natural Products 62, no. 6 (June 1999): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np980577i.

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26

Puhlmann, J., and H. Wagner. "Immunologically Active Polysaccharides fromArnica montanaHerbs and Tissue Cultures." Planta Medica 55, no. 01 (February 1989): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-961857.

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27

Nobile, F., A. Quarteroni, and R. Ruiz-Baier. "An active strain electromechanical model for cardiac tissue." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering 28, no. 1 (October 3, 2011): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1468.

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28

Gallagher, Dympna, Daniel Belmonte, Paul Deurenberg, Zimian Wang, Norman Krasnow, F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, and Steven B. Heymsfield. "Organ-tissue mass measurement allows modeling of REE and metabolically active tissue mass." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 275, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): E249—E258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1998.275.2.e249.

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Investigators have expressed interest in the associations between resting energy expenditure (REE) and body mass for over a century. Traditionally, descriptive models using regression analysis are applied, linking REE with metabolically active compartments such as body cell mass (BCM) and fat-free body mass (FFM). Recently developed whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography methods now allow estimation of all major organs and tissue volumes in vivo. Because measured values are available for REE, BCM, and FFM content of individual organs and tissues, it should now be possible to develop energy expenditure-body composition estimation models based on MRI-measured organ-tissue volumes. Specifically, the present investigation tested the hypothesis that in vivo estimation of whole body REE, BCM, and FFM is possible using MRI- and echocardiography-derived organ volumes combined with previously reported organ-tissue metabolic rates and chemical composition. Thirteen subjects (5 females, 8 males) had REE, BCM, and FFM measured by indirect calorimetry, whole body40K counting, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively. Models developed from estimated and measured variables were highly correlated, with no significant differences between those estimated and measured [e.g., calculated vs. measured REE: r = 0.92, P < 0.001; (mean ± SD) 6,962 ± 1,455 and 7,045 ± 1,450 kJ/day, respectively ( P = not significant)]. Strong associations were observed between REE, individual or combined organ weights, BCM, and FFM that provide new insights into earlier observed metabolic phenomona. The present approach, the first to establish an energy expenditure-body composition link with a mechanistic model in vivo, has the potential to greatly expand our knowledge of energy expenditure-body size relationships in humans.

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29

Vermeulen, A., and J. P. Deslypere. "Biosynthesis of active oestrogens in the breast." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 95 (1989): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000010678.

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SynopsisIt is generally accepted that sex hormones play a role in the development of mammary cancer and it is a reasonable assumption that tissue concentration of oestrogens and their androgen precursors, as well as the activity of oestrogen synthetising or metabolising enzymes, may be valuable parameters of hormone dependency. Except for the sulphate conjugates and for testosterone, androgen and oestrogen levels are higher in mammary tissue (ng/g) than in plasma (ng/ml) and as distinct from plasma, tissue oestradiol (the active oestrogen) levels are higher than oestrone levels. Moreover, oestradiol levels are higher in oestrogen-receptor-positive tissues.Sex hormone levels in mammary tissue find their origin in uptake from plasma and in local synthesis. It is unlikely that local aromatase activity accounts for a large fraction of tissue oestrogens but sulphatase activity may be an important determinant of tissue oestrogen concentration. The major precursors of tissue oestrogens are androstenedione and oestrone sulphate respectively, yielding oestrone which is transformed by the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to oestradiol. However, the reverse reaction, conversion of E2 into E1, is much more active and is inversely correlated to dehydroepiandrosterone (sulphate) concentration, which inhibits non-competitively the conversion of E2 into E1. This E2DH activity is higher in E2R positive tumours, suggesting that E2DH is a good marker of hormone dependency. As to prognostic factors, a follow-up study concerning sixty-two postmenopausal women, with a follow up of at least four years, revealed that in the recurrence group (n = 17 ), besides E2R and PgR concentrations, all hormone concentrations as well as E2DH activity were also lower than in the disease-free group.

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30

Silva, JE. "Brown Adipose Tissue: An Extrathyroidal Source of Triiodothyronine." Physiology 1, no. 4 (August 1, 1986): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1986.1.4.119.

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The role of brown adipose tissue in heat production is well known, but it is a novel concept that this tissue can activate the main secretory product of the thyroid gland, thyroxine, by converting it into the ten times more active triiodothyronine. The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction is present also in other tissues, but it is activated by the sympathetic nervous system only in brown adipose tissue. Thus sympathetic stimulation of brown adipose tissue results in increased production of triiodothyronine and activation of metabolism in other tissues.

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31

Mok, Machteld C., David W. S. Mok, Janet E. Turner, and Cesar V. Mujer. "Biological and Biochemical Effects of Cytokinin-active Phenylurea Derivatives in Tissue Culture Systems." HortScience 22, no. 6 (December 1987): 1194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.6.1194.

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Abstract Plant growth regulator studies and plant tissue culture research have been closely related and mutually supportive. The manipulation of plant cells, tissues, and organs in culture, with important applications in propagation and genetic modification of plants, is highly dependent on the use of appropriate growth regulator regimes. Conversely, tissue culture systems are useful as bioassays to define the growth-regulating activity of many compounds. The discovery of the cytokinin N-(2-furanylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (kinetin) by Miller et al. (17) was particularly relevant in this respect. Whereas the testing of this cytokinin and its structural analogues for biological activity was dependent on callus culture bioassays, the subsequent availability of synthetic cytokinins created many new opportunities in the field of plant tissue culture.

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32

Blanco, Isabella K., Sarah Heuer, Michelle Catalina, Robert Robl, Sushma Madamanchi, Peter Lipsky, and Amrie Grammer. "Tissue infiltration of plasma cells/plasmablasts in patients with active Systemic Lupus Erthematosus (SLE)." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2017): 55.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.55.8.

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Abstract To understand the role of plasma cells/plasmablasts (PC/PB) in organ pathology in SLE, we used GSVA (Gene Set Variation Analysis) to interrogate multiple lupus gene expression datasets. Differentially expressed (DE) genes in active SLE peripheral blood, B cells, mononuclear cells and tissues [skin, synovium, glomerulus, kidney tubulointerstitum (TI)] were queried for the previously reported (Lugar et al, 2012) PC/PB signature. There was considerable overlap between the PC/PB signature (20–44%) with the tissue datasets, with skin overlapping the most and synovium the least. IGM heavy chain and light chains (kappa, IGKC and lambda, IGLJ3 and IGLDE) were upregulated in the blood samples and all four tissue datasets, whereas IGHG1 was upregulated in the blood (B cell, PBMC), synovium & TI and downregulated in the skin. The presence of both IgK and IgL and numerous VL genes implied the polyclonal nature of the PC/PB infiltration. XBP1 governs late events in PC differentiation and was increased in the datasets that also had increased IGHG1 (B cell, TI). PRDM1, required for PC/PB differentiation, was increased in the blood datasets as well as in the synovium and glomerulus. Transcripts of genes in the “ER-mediated translocation to the cytosol” (Tram1, Derl1, and Ssr1) were upregulated in the blood and all four tissue datasets. IPA upstream regulator analysis revealed IL4, IL5 and CD40L for both the reference PC/PB set and all blood and tissue datasets with the exception of TI. IPA also revealed IL-6 as an upstream regulator in the PC/PB signature as well for the blood and four tissues datasets. In summary, interrogation of blood and tissue datasets for a PC/PB signature implicated these Ig secreting cell populations in tissue and organ pathology in SLE.

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33

Ghadiali, Samir N., Julie Banks, and J. Douglas Swarts. "Finite element analysis of active Eustachian tube function." Journal of Applied Physiology 97, no. 2 (August 2004): 648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01250.2003.

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The inability to open the collapsible Eustachian tube (ET) has been related to the development of chronic otitis media. Although ET dysfunction may be due to anatomic and/or mechanical abnormalities, the precise mechanisms by which these structural properties alter ET opening phenomena have not been investigated. Previous investigations could only speculate on how these structural properties influence the tissue deformation processes responsible for ET opening. We have, therefore, developed a computational technique that can quantify these structure-function relationships. Cross-sectional histological images were obtained from eight normal adult human subjects, who had no history of middle ear disease. A midcartilaginous image from each subject was used to create two-dimensional finite element models of the soft tissue structures of the ET. ET opening phenomena were simulated by applying muscle forces on soft tissue surfaces in the appropriate direction and were quantified by calculating the resistance to flow (Rv) in the opened lumen. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the relative importance of muscle forces and soft-tissue elastic properties. Muscle contraction resulted in a medial-superior rotation of the medial lamina, stretching deformation in the Ostmann's fatty tissue, and lumen dilation. Variability in baseline Rv values correlated with tissue size, whereas the functional relationship between Rv and a given mechanical parameter was consistent in all subjects. ET opening was found to be highly sensitive to the applied muscle forces and relatively insensitive to cartilage elastic properties. These computational models have, therefore, identified how different tissue elements alter ET opening phenomena, which elements should be targeted for treatment, and the optimal mechanical properties of these tissue constructs.

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34

Wen, Qi, Hai-Long Li, Shi-Ying Mai, Yin-Feng Tan, and Feng Chen. "Tissue Distribution of Active Principles from Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus Extract: An Experimental Study in Rats." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 15, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412914666180910102909.

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Background: Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus (Yizhi in Chinese) have been widely used as an herbal medicine for the treatment of diuresis, enuresis and diarrhea in China. Many studies have deciphered some potential underlying mechanisms for its anti-diarrheal effects. However, tissue distribution of Yizhi constituents is warranted because pharmacological receptors are frequently located in tissues. Moreover, it is also interesting to know about the potential correlation between behavior in drug distribution and the observed pharmacological response. The aim of this study is to investigate tissue distribution behaviors of Yizhi constituents after oral administration of Yizhi extract to rats, focusing on 10 active principles. Methods: Twenty four male Sprague Dawley rats were given orally the Yizhi extract and fourteen tissue samples were collected after being killed by bleeding from the abdominal aorta under ether anesthesia at different time-points. The resulting tissues were excised and homogenized. Based on our previous reports, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify the target analytes, as well as phase II metabolites, in the various biosamples. Results: Almost all the targeted Yizhi active principles and some glucuronidated metabolites were qualitatively measured in rat stomach, small intestine, large intestine, as well as liver. Nootkatone, yakuchinone A and tectochrysin were observed in the rat brain. In other rat tissues, these analytes had lower exposure or could not be detected. Consistently, quantitative analysis revealed that the Yizhi active principles dominantly distributed into gastrointestinal tissues followed by liver, the overall exposure levels ranking as follows: stomach > small intestine > large intestine > liver. Tissue concentrationtime profiles of the test active principles in rat stomach, small intestine, and large intestine were bimodal with two concentration peaks occurring at 0.5 and 4h after oral administration, respectively. The exposure levels in rat kidney and bladder were quite low. Conclusion: The active principles of Yizhi were specially distributed into gastrointestinal tissues after oral administration of its ethanol extract to rats. The tissue distribution behaviors partly supported its anti-diarrheal effects from a pharmacokinetic opinion. This paper will be useful as the starting point for studying the pharmacological activities of this traditional herb.

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Ronceray, Pierre, Chase P. Broedersz, and Martin Lenz. "Fiber networks amplify active stress." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 11 (February 26, 2016): 2827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514208113.

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Large-scale force generation is essential for biological functions such as cell motility, embryonic development, and muscle contraction. In these processes, forces generated at the molecular level by motor proteins are transmitted by disordered fiber networks, resulting in large-scale active stresses. Although these fiber networks are well characterized macroscopically, this stress generation by microscopic active units is not well understood. Here we theoretically study force transmission in these networks. We find that collective fiber buckling in the vicinity of a local active unit results in a rectification of stress towards strongly amplified isotropic contraction. This stress amplification is reinforced by the networks’ disordered nature, but saturates for high densities of active units. Our predictions are quantitatively consistent with experiments on reconstituted tissues and actomyosin networks and shed light on the role of the network microstructure in shaping active stresses in cells and tissue.

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Nolly, H., O. A. Carretero, and A. G. Scicli. "Kallikrein release by vascular tissue." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 265, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): H1209—H1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.4.h1209.

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Vascular tissue contains kallikrein and kallikrein mRNA, suggesting a vascular kallikrein-kinin system. We questioned whether 1) kallikrein concentration varies among large and small vessels; 2) kallikrein is released by vascular tissue; and 3) blocking protein synthesis inhibits release, suggesting de novo synthesis. Using rat vascular rings and isolated-perfused hindquarters, we examined kallikrein in the bath and perfusate. Active kallikrein was higher in tail arteries than the aorta (P < 0.001); tail veins had six times more kininogenase than the vena cava (P < 0.001). Total kallikrein showed a similar pattern, being highest in tail vessels. Arterial rings released active and total kallikrein. After 1, 2, and 3 h incubation, cumulative release was as follows: active, 90 +/- 13, 201 +/- 25, and 311 +/- 41 pg.h-1 x mg tissue-1; total, 170 +/- 14, 366 +/- 24, and 537 +/- 40 pg.h-1 x mg tissue-1, indicating constant release up to > or = 3 h. In contrast, lactic dehydrogenase fell from 6.7 +/- 2.5 to 2.5 +/- 0.4 U.h-1 x mg tissue-1. Total kallikrein in the rings was 302 +/- 51 pg bradykinin/mg wt tissue before 3 h and 298 +/- 68 afterward. Kallikrein released by the hindquarters after 3 h was as follows: active, 6.2 +/- 2.8 ng bradykinin.min-1 x kg.body wt-1; total, 85.2 +/- 17 ng bradykinin.min-1 x kg body wt-1. Puromycin pretreatment (10 mg ip) reduced total perfusate kallikrein from 105 +/- 19 to 8.5 +/- 3.6 (P < 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Basha, Omer, Omry Mauer, Eyal Simonovsky, Rotem Shpringer, and Esti Yeger-Lotem. "ResponseNet v.3: revealing signaling and regulatory pathways connecting your proteins and genes across human tissues." Nucleic Acids Research 47, W1 (May 22, 2019): W242—W247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz421.

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Abstract ResponseNet v.3 is an enhanced version of ResponseNet, a web server that is designed to highlight signaling and regulatory pathways connecting user-defined proteins and genes by using the ResponseNet network optimization approach (http://netbio.bgu.ac.il/respnet). Users run ResponseNet by defining source and target sets of proteins, genes and/or microRNAs, and by specifying a molecular interaction network (interactome). The output of ResponseNet is a sparse, high-probability interactome subnetwork that connects the two sets, thereby revealing additional molecules and interactions that are involved in the studied condition. In recent years, massive efforts were invested in profiling the transcriptomes of human tissues, enabling the inference of human tissue interactomes. ResponseNet v.3 expands ResponseNet2.0 by harnessing ∼11,600 RNA-sequenced human tissue profiles made available by the Genotype-Tissue Expression consortium, to support context-specific analysis of 44 human tissues. Thus, ResponseNet v.3 allows users to illuminate the signaling and regulatory pathways potentially active in the context of a specific tissue, and to compare them with active pathways in other tissues. In the era of precision medicine, such analyses open the door for tissue- and patient-specific analyses of pathways and diseases.

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BERGÖ, Martin, Gunilla OLIVECRONA, and Thomas OLIVECRONA. "Forms of lipoprotein lipase in rat tissues: in adipose tissue the proportion of inactive lipase increases on fasting." Biochemical Journal 313, no. 3 (February 1, 1996): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3130893.

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Previous studies have shown that the ratio of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) catalytic activity to LPL mass in tissues differs in different conditions, but it is not clear whether this occurs by a change in the catalytic efficiency of the LPL molecules, or because of a shift in the relation between active and inactive forms of the enzyme. To explore this, we have measured LPL activity and mass in detergent extracts of rat tissues. LPL specific activity was high and similar in heart, skeletal muscle, lung and brain. The liver had significantly lower specific activity, which is in accord with previous findings that the liver takes up and catabolizes LPL. The specific activity was also low in adipose tissue from fasted rats. When tissue extracts were applied to columns of heparin–agarose and eluted by a gradient of NaCl, a peak of active LPL was eluted at 1.0 M NaCl, but there was also a peak of inactive LPL protein, which was eluted at 0.6 M NaCl. In adipose tissue, LPL activity decreased by 70–80% during an overnight fast, whereas LPL mass decreased by only 20–40%. The mass ratio between inactive and active LPL, as separated by heparin–agarose chromatography, increased from 0.5 to over 2 during the fast. In hearts there was no significant difference between fed and fasted rats in total LPL activity, LPL mass or in the distribution between inactive and active forms. The results indicate that the relation between inactive (probably monomeric) and active (dimeric) forms of LPL is a target for post-translational regulation in adipose tissue.

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Wang, Weiguang, Yanhao Hou, Dean Martinez, Darwin Kurniawan, Wei-Hung Chiang, and Paulo Bartolo. "Carbon Nanomaterials for Electro-Active Structures: A Review." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 2946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122946.

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The use of electrically conductive materials to impart electrical properties to substrates for cell attachment proliferation and differentiation represents an important strategy in the field of tissue engineering. This paper discusses the concept of electro-active structures and their roles in tissue engineering, accelerating cell proliferation and differentiation, consequently leading to tissue regeneration. The most relevant carbon-based materials used to produce electro-active structures are presented, and their main advantages and limitations are discussed in detail. Particular emphasis is put on the electrically conductive property, material synthesis and their applications on tissue engineering. Different technologies, allowing the fabrication of two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures in a controlled way, are also presented. Finally, challenges for future research are highlighted. This review shows that electrical stimulation plays an important role in modulating the growth of different types of cells. As highlighted, carbon nanomaterials, especially graphene and carbon nanotubes, have great potential for fabricating electro-active structures due to their exceptional electrical and surface properties, opening new routes for more efficient tissue engineering approaches.

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Pennisi, Elizabeth. "Biologists revel in pinpointing active genes in tissue samples." Science 371, no. 6535 (March 18, 2021): 1192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.371.6535.1192.

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Wagner, H., H. Stuppner, J. Puhlmann, K. Jurcic, M. Zenk, and M. Lohmann-Matthes. "Immunologically Active Polysaccharides from Tissue Cultures of Echinacea purpurea." Planta Medica 52, no. 05 (October 1986): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-969235.

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SAYPOL, JOSHUA M., and BRADLEY J. ROTH. "A Mechanism for Anisotropic Reentry in Electrically Active Tissue." Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 3, no. 6 (December 1992): 558–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1992.tb01936.x.

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Marmur, Jonathan D., Singanallore V. Thiruvikraman, Billie S. Fyfe, Arabinda Guha, Samin K. Sharma, John A. Ambrose, John T. Fallon, Yale Nemerson, and Mark B. Taubman. "Identification of Active Tissue Factor in Human Coronary Atheroma." Circulation 94, no. 6 (September 15, 1996): 1226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.94.6.1226.

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PIERRE, J., B. DAVID, H. PETITE, and C. ODDOU. "MECHANICS OF ACTIVE POROUS MEDIA: BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATION." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 08, no. 02 (June 2008): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519408002607.

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In orthopedics, a currently developed technique for large graft hybrid implants consists of using porous and biocompatible scaffolds seeded with a patient's bone cells. Successful culture in such large implants remains a challenge for biologists, and requires strict control of the physicochemical and mechanical environments achieved by perfusion within a bioreactor for several weeks. This perfusion, with a nutritive fluid carrying solute ingredients, is necessary for the active cells to grow, proliferate, differentiate, and produce extracellular matrices. An understanding and control of these processes, which lead to substrate degradation and extracellular matrix remodeling during the in vitro culture phase, depend widely on the success in the realization of new orthopedic biomaterials. Within this context, the analysis of the interactions between convective phenomena of hydrodynamic origin and chemical reactions of biological order which are associated to these processes is a fundamental challenge in the framework of bone tissue engineering. In order to better account for the different intricate processes taking place in such a sample and to design a relevant experimental protocol leading to the definition of an optimal tissue implant, we propose one- and two-dimensional theoretical models based on transport phenomena in porous active media.

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BOYCE, VIRGINIA. "The Intervertebral Disc: A Biologically Active Tissue Challenging Therapy." Radiology 198, no. 2 (February 1996): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.198.2.530.

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Yang, Ying, Julia L. Magnay, Leanne Cooling, and Alicia J. El Haj. "Development of a ‘mechano-active’ scaffold for tissue engineering." Biomaterials 23, no. 10 (May 2002): 2119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00342-8.

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Vanharanta, Heikki. "The Intervertebral Disc: A Biologically Active Tissue Challenging Therapy." Annals of Medicine 26, no. 6 (January 1994): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07853899409148359.

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Hortig, Justus, Torsten Boehme, Torsten Felsch, and Norbert Elkmann. "Automation in biotechnology – active ingredient analysis on brain tissue." Sensor Review 25, no. 4 (December 2005): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602280510620835.

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Zappa, Urs E., Alan M. Polson, Arthur D. Eisenberg, and Mark A. Espeland. "Microbial populations and active tissue destruction in experimental periodontitis*." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 13, no. 2 (February 1986): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1986.tb01443.x.

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Silva, Francisco J., Dolly J. Holt, Vanessa Vargas, James Yockman, Sihem Boudina, Donald Atkinson, David W. Grainger, et al. "Metabolically Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells." STEM CELLS 32, no. 2 (January 13, 2014): 572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.1595.

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