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Journal articles on the topic 'Active Storage Capacity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Buczek, Bronislaw, and Leszek Czepirski. "Improvement of Methane Storage Capacity for Active Carbons." Adsorption Science & Technology 4, no. 4 (December 1987): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361748700400401.

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A method for increasing storage capacity by working of the commercial active carbons in a spouted bed is proposed. By abrasion of external layers of grain active carbons with better adsorptive properties, smaller voids of bed and improved attrition strength was obtained. Investigations of methane storage capacity for active carbon NORIT R2 with different degrees of external layers removed, were carried out. Experiments indicate that methane storage capacity can be increased up to 15–20% over commercial carbon.

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2

Buczek, Bronislaw, Leszek Czepirski, and Janusz Zietkiewicz. "Improvement of Hydrogen Storage Capacity for Active Carbon." Adsorption 11, S1 (July 2005): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10450-005-6039-8.

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3

Kertész, Milan, Radko Kozakovič, Luboš Magdolen, and Michal Masaryk. "Active Displacement Control of Active Magnetic Bearing System." Scientific Proceedings Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stu-2014-0006.

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AbstractThe worldwide energy production nowadays is over 3400 GW while storage systems have a capacity of only 90 GW [1]. There is a good solution for additional storage capacity in flywheel energy storage systems (FES). The main advantage of FES is its relatively high efficiency especially with using the active magnetic bearing system. Therefore there exist good reasons for appropriate simulations and for creating a suitable magneto-structural control system. The magnetic bearing, including actuation, is simulated in the ANSYS parametric design language (APDL). APDL is used to create the loops of transient simulations where boundary conditions (BC) are updated based upon a “gap sensor” which controls the nodal position values of the centroid of the shaft and the current density inputs onto the copper windings.

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4

Alain, Emmanuelle, and Brian McEnaney. "Storage of Methane in Resin Carbon Beads and Discs." Adsorption Science & Technology 23, no. 7 (September 2005): 573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361705775212493.

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Porous resin beads can be produced by the emulsion polycondensation of lignosulphonates with crosslinking agents. These resins can be converted into active carbon beads or pressed into discs that can be converted into active carbon monoliths. The stored methane volumetric capacity of the active carbon discs exceeded 150 v/v while the delivered capacity approached this value. The delivered capacity could be increased if steps were taken to release the large amount of methane retained in micropores after decompression. The volumetric methane capacities of the carbon beads were lower than those for the discs due to the presence of interparticulate voids.

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5

Hau, Lee Cheun, Yun Seng Lim, and Kein Huat Chua. "Active Control Strategy of Energy Storage System for Reducing Maximum Demand Charges under Limited Storage Capacity." Journal of Energy Engineering 143, no. 4 (August 2017): 04017010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000440.

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6

Yannopoulos, Panayotis, and Alexander Demetracopoulos. "A Novel Methodology for Multiple-Year Regulation of Reservoir Active Storage Capacity." Water 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091254.

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Reservoir design entails the determination of the required storage capacity over multiple years of low flow conditions to ensure the coverage of multiple-purpose water demands. Dam operation depends on many factors that may result in the decrease of required safe yields, leading to inadequate outflow supplies in the design period. This study addresses two issues: (a) the computation of reservoir active storage capacity performed with the aid of the new concept of a zero-height dam, a procedure easy to interpret physically and implement computationally; and (b) the generation of appropriate inflow data, provided that a substantial record of monthly inflows is available. The treatment of the inflow data for the generation of inflow sequences for any desired regulation period is performed by two original methods (First and Second), which are entirely different from other available methods and allow for the selection of a reservoir capacity with the desired level of exceedance probability. The two methods proposed give practically the same results. However, the Second Method, which generates inflow data consisting of hydrologic years with inflow values for each month randomly selected from the observed values for that month, is superior in terms of the ease with which inflow sequences are generated. Also, due to the large size of the random sample that can be generated, the exceedance probability curves are very smooth and allow for the easy selection of reservoir storage capacity with any level of desired exceedance probability. The proposed methodology may be useful for consultants and reservoir managers.

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7

Hsu, C. Y., and H. Y. Wu. "A new single-phase active power filter with reduced energy-storage capacity." IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications 143, no. 1 (1996): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-epa:19960205.

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8

Navarro-Suárez, Adriana M., Javier Carretero-González, Teófilo Rojo, and Michel Armand. "Poly(quinone-amine)/nanocarbon composite electrodes with enhanced proton storage capacity." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 44 (2017): 23292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta08489g.

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9

Xu, Tao, He Meng, Jie Zhu, Wei Wei, He Zhao, Han Yang, Zijin Li, and Yuhan Wu. "Optimal Capacity Allocation of Energy Storage in Distribution Networks Considering Active/Reactive Coordination." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 14, 2021): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061611.

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Energy storage system (ESS) has been advocated as one of the key elements for the future energy system by the fast power regulation and energy transfer capabilities. In particular, for distribution networks with high penetration of renewables, ESS plays an important role in bridging the gap between the supply and demand, maximizing the benefits of renewables and providing various types of ancillary services to cope the intermittences and fluctuations, consequently improving the resilience, reliability and flexibility. To solve the voltage fluctuations caused by the high permeability of renewables in distribution networks, an optimal capacity allocation strategy of ESS is proposed in this paper. Taking the life cycle cost, arbitrage income and the benefit of reducing network losses into consideration, a bilevel optimization model of ESS capacity allocation is established, the coordination between active/reactive power of associate power conversion system is considered, and the large scale nonlinear programming problem is solved using genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and mixed integer second-order cone programming method. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm have been verified.

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10

Luna, Adriana C., Nelson Leonardo Diaz Aldana, and Eider Alexander Narvaez. "Optimal Coordination of Active Generators in a Grid-Connected Microgrid." Ingeniería e Investigación 40, no. 3 (September 17, 2020): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v40n3.82665.

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In a microgrid composed of distributed active generators based on renewable energy sources, with heterogeneous features and generation profiles, the availability of the energy resource, the energy reserve capacity, and the degradation of the storage unit, define the constraints for the management and dispatch of each active generator. This can result in sub-optimal use of distributed energy resources in comparison with the operation of a single generation unit. However, under the current trend oriented to distributed installations, the overall operation could be improved if an aggregated operation is considered within the management level. This paper proposes a coordinated operation of the storage units associated with distributed active generators for a hybrid grid-connected microgrid. In order to optimize the use of the active generators, including the equalization of the state of charge of the storage units, a mathematical model is proposed. This model tries to avoid uneven degradation of the storage units, and, consequently, enhance the reserve capacity and reduce the depth of discharge by achieving the operation of the distributed system as a unified system. The simulations are carried out in GAMS and MATLAB in order to validate the system’s operation. The results show a better performing grid-connected microgrid with the proposed approach.

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11

Brady, Timothy F., Viola S. Störmer, and George A. Alvarez. "Working memory is not fixed-capacity: More active storage capacity for real-world objects than for simple stimuli." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 27 (June 20, 2016): 7459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520027113.

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Visual working memory is the cognitive system that holds visual information active to make it resistant to interference from new perceptual input. Information about simple stimuli—colors and orientations—is encoded into working memory rapidly: In under 100 ms, working memory ‟fills up,” revealing a stark capacity limit. However, for real-world objects, the same behavioral limits do not hold: With increasing encoding time, people store more real-world objects and do so with more detail. This boost in performance for real-world objects is generally assumed to reflect the use of a separate episodic long-term memory system, rather than working memory. Here we show that this behavioral increase in capacity with real-world objects is not solely due to the use of separate episodic long-term memory systems. In particular, we show that this increase is a result of active storage in working memory, as shown by directly measuring neural activity during the delay period of a working memory task using EEG. These data challenge fixed-capacity working memory models and demonstrate that working memory and its capacity limitations are dependent upon our existing knowledge.

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12

Lee, Won-Ju, Dae-Young Kim, Jae-Hyuk Choi, Ji-Woong Lee, Jun-Soo Kim, Kwangho Son, Min-Jae Ha, and Jun Kang. "Utilization of Petroleum Coke Soot as Energy Storage Material." Energies 12, no. 16 (August 20, 2019): 3195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163195.

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Anode active materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) were produced by using waste soot generated after combustion in a plant using petroleum coke as fuel. The soot collected from the boilers in the plant was graphitized through annealing, and this annealed soot was applied to anode active materials. After annealing at 2700 °C, the soot was converted into highly crystalline graphite with ring shapes approximately 100 nm in diameter. The lithium ion coin cells produced using graphitized soot showed high discharge capacity and excellent life cycle with a reversible capacity of 250 mAh/g even after 300 cycles at a rate of 1 C. This study describes a new possibility of using environmentally harmful combustion wastes of petroleum coke as a low-price anode material for LIBs by converting them into a graphite multilayer structure with a unique ring shape through annealing.

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13

Chen, Yijun, Muhammad Yousaf, Yunsong Wang, Zhipeng Wang, Shuaifeng Lou, Ray P. S. Han, Yuan Yang, and Anyuan Cao. "Nanocable with thick active intermediate layer for stable and high-areal-capacity sodium storage." Nano Energy 78 (December 2020): 105265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105265.

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14

Yan, Ning, Bo Zhang, Wei Li, and Shaohua Ma. "Hybrid Energy Storage Capacity Allocation Method for Active Distribution Network Considering Demand Side Response." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 29, no. 2 (March 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2018.2889860.

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15

Kang, Wei, Yuchen Wang, and Cuihua An. "Interlayer engineering of MoS2 nanosheets for high-rate potassium-ion storage." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 47 (2020): 20659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj04314a.

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16

Tian, Bingbing, Guo-Hong Ning, Wei Tang, Chengxin Peng, Dingyi Yu, Zhongxin Chen, Yinglin Xiao, Chenliang Su, and Kian Ping Loh. "Polyquinoneimines for lithium storage: more than the sum of its parts." Materials Horizons 3, no. 5 (2016): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6mh00072j.

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A straightforward synthetic strategy for the construction of electrode materials is demonstrated by the polymerization of two kinds of electrochemically active organic monomers without sacrificing specific capacity.

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17

Kolodziej, Barbara, Sugier Danuta, and Luchowska Katarzyna. "Changes of antioxidant activity and active compounds content in selected teas." Foods and Raw Materials 8, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-1-91-97.

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Our study tested 45 tea infusions classified into five groups (white, green, red, black, and other teas) for the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant properties, by the FRAP and DPPH methods. We examined these parameters after prolongation of the brewing time from 10 to 30 min and overnight storage. The results showed that the capacity of the teas to bind free radicals was differentiated and the amount of anti-oxidant compounds depended on their nature. In terms of antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content, the tested tea types were ranked in the following order: white > green > black > red > other teas (yerba mate > rooibos). Our experiment demonstrated a positive correlation between the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of the analyzed teas. Also, the DPPH antiradical efficiency was comparable to their ability to reduce ferric ions. The extended brewing time had a significant effect on the antioxidant activity of the infusions and the polyphenolic compounds analyzed therein. In contrast, storage of the infusions for 24 h at room temperature changed their antioxidant activity and affected the total polyphenol content.

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18

Stepaniuk, Viktor, Jayakrishnan Pillai, Birgitte Bak-Jensen, and Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban. "Estimation of Energy Activity and Flexibility Range in Smart Active Residential Building." Smart Cities 2, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 471–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities2040029.

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The smart active residential buildings play a vital role to realize intelligent energy systems by harnessing energy flexibility from loads and storage units. This is imperative to integrate higher proportions of variable renewable energy generation and implement economically attractive demand-side participation schemes. The purpose of this paper is to develop an energy management scheme for smart sustainable buildings and analyze its efficacy when subjected to variable generation, energy storage management, and flexible demand control. This work estimate the flexibility range that can be reached utilizing deferrable/controllable energy system units such as heat pump (HP) in combination with on-site renewable energy sources (RESs), namely photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbine (WT), and in-house thermal and electric energy storages, namely hot water storage tank (HWST) and electric battery as back up units. A detailed HP model in combination with the storage tank is developed that accounts for thermal comforts and requirements, and defrost mode. Data analytics is applied to generate demand and generation profiles, and a hybrid energy management and a HP control algorithm is developed in this work. This is to integrate all active components of a building within a single complex-set of energy management solution to be able to apply demand response (DR) signals, as well as to execute all necessary computation and evaluation. Different capacity scenarios of the HWST and battery are used to prioritize the maximum use of renewable energy and consumer comfort preferences. A flexibility range of 22.3% is achieved for the scenario with the largest HWST considered without a battery, while 10.1% in the worst-case scenario with the smallest HWST considered and the largest battery. The results show that the active management and scheduling scheme developed to combine and prioritize thermal, electrical and storage units in buildings is essential to be studied to demonstrate the adequacy of sustainable energy buildings.

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19

Liu, Hong, Long Wang, and Sai Yi Wang. "Impact of PV and Battery Storage on the Power Supply Reliability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 2958–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.2958.

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The impact of PV and Battery storage system on the power supply reliability of distribution network is great. Firstly, the assumptions of the battery storage operating strategy are given, and four typical evaluation indexes are presented. Then, the impacts of different PV peak active power, different battery capacity and PV & Battery Storage on the power supply reliability are discussed. Finally, the impacts of PV, Battery and PV & Battery on the power supply reliability of distribution network are compared and analyzed. These results are provided as references for the optimal capacity configuration of PV & Battery.

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20

Aldridge, Craig, Verónica Torregrosa-Rivero, Vicente Albaladejo-Fuentes, María-Salvadora Sánchez-Adsuar, and María-José Illán-Gómez. "BaTi0.8B0.2O3 (B = Mn, Fe, Co, Cu) LNT Catalysts: Effect of Partial Ti Substitution on NOx Storage Capacity." Catalysts 9, no. 4 (April 18, 2019): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9040365.

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The effect of partial Ti substitution by Mn, Fe, Co, or Cu on the NOx storage capacity (NSC) of a BaTi0.8B0.2O3 lean NOx trap (LNT) catalyst has been analyzed. The BaTi0.8B0.2O3 catalysts were prepared using the Pechini’s sol–gel method for aqueous media. The characterization of the catalysts (BET, ICP-OES, XRD and XPS) reveals that: i) the partial substitution of Ti by Mn, Co, or Fe changes the perovskite structure from tetragonal to cubic, whilst Cu distorts the raw tetragonal structure and promotes the segregation of Ba2TiO4 (which is an active phase for NOx storage) as a minority phase and ii) the amount of oxygen vacancies increases after partial Ti substitution, with the BaTi0.8Cu0.2O3 catalyst featuring the largest amount. The BaTi0.8Cu0.2O3 catalyst shows the highest NSC at 400 °C, based on NOx storage cyclic tests, which is within the range of highly active noble metal-based catalysts.

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21

Hu, Le, Chaoqun Shang, Xin Wang, and Guofu Zhou. "Fe7Se8 encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanofibers as a stable anode material for sodium ion batteries." Nanoscale Advances 3, no. 1 (2021): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na00897d.

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22

Sick, Friedrich, and Ralph Füger. "BUILDINGS AS ACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR GRID STABILITY." Journal of Green Building 12, no. 4 (November 2017): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.4.21.

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A successful energy transition depends on storage options in order to ensure power supply stability under a fluctuating generation of a growing share of renewable energies (RE). Battery storage is expensive and raw material intensive and therefore not suitable as a sole solution. Surplus electricity may easily be converted to heat, which can be stored inexpensively for a short term. With such simple Power-to-Heat or P2H solutions, lack of electric power cannot be offset by conventional heat storage. However, if a building or an urban quarter is heated by means of cogeneration, so-called Combined Heat and Power (CHP), or heat pumps (HP), the operation can be adjusted in such a way, that the building itself, i.e. its massive structure, serves as heat storage. Electricity generation and consumption is adjusted to the requirements of the grid (reactive power control). For the supply of a Berlin quarter, built in the 1950s and equipped with a district heating network and a CHP plant, the feasibility of the concept could be proved using dynamic building simulation as the analysis tool. Sixteen percent of the total heating consumption may useably be stored and extracted from the building structure. In absolute numbers: 73 MWh/a heat can be buffered corresponding to 34 MWh/a balancing electricity. For each square meter of living area, 3.7 kWh electrical balancing energy can be buffered in the building's thermal storage capacity. Nothing else is required than a re-programming of heating and possibly cooling controls. No capital investment is needed. Well insulated and more massive structures could show a proportion of 27% of such shifted heat.

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23

Zhang, Qing, Zongfeng Sha, Xun Cui, Shengqiang Qiu, Chengen He, Jinlong Zhang, Xianggang Wang, and Yingkui Yang. "Incorporation of redox-active polyimide binder into LiFePO4 cathode for high-rate electrochemical energy storage." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0092.

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Abstract Commercial LiFePO4 (LFP) electrode still cannot meet the demand of high energy density lithium-ion batteries as a result of its low theoretical specific capacity (170 mA h g−1). Instead of traditional electrochemical inert polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), the incorporation of multifunctional polymeric binder becomes a possible strategy to overcome the bottleneck of LFP cathode. Herein, a novel polyimide (PI) binder was synthesized through a facile hydrothermal polymerization route. The PI binder exhibits better connection between active particles with uniform dispersion than that of PVDF. The multifunctional PI binder not only shows well dispersion stability in the organic electrolyte, but also contributes to extra capacity because of the existence of electrochemical active carbonyl groups in the polymer chain. Besides, the high intrinsic ion conductivity of PI also results in promoted ion transfer kinetic. Consequently, the LFP cathode using PI binder (LFP–PI) shows larger capacity and better rate capability than LFP cathode with PVDF binder (LFP–PVDF). Meanwhile, the superior binding ability also endows LFP–PI with great cycling stability compared to the LFP–PVDF electrode.

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24

Harrington, Michael, and Mark Sawyer. "L2 Working Memory Capacity and L2 Reading Skill." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 14, no. 1 (March 1992): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100010457.

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Working memory capacity refers to the ability to store and process information simultaneously in real time and has been shown to correlate highly with first language (L1) reading skill. This study examines the sensitivity of second language (L2) working memory capacity to differences in reading skill among advanced L2 learners. The index of working memory capacity used was the reading span test (Daneman & Carpenter, 1980). Subjects with larger working memory capacities scored higher on measures of reading skill, in contrast with the lack of strong correlations between measures of passive short-term storage (memory for strings of random words or digits) and the same reading measures. This result is consistent with an interpretation of the reading span test as an index of working memory capacity, in which capacity is defined functionally in terms of a trade-off between active processing and storage. Issues involved in investigating working memory capacity are discussed and the role of capacity limitations in models of L2 comprehension is considered.

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25

Yu, Wenpeng, Dong Liu, and Yuhui Huang. "Operation Optimization Based on the Power Supply and Storage Capacity of an Active Distribution Network." Energies 6, no. 12 (December 11, 2013): 6423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en6126423.

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26

Kwak, Gunho, Jounghwan Park, Jinuk Lee, Sinja Kim, and Inho Jung. "Effects of anode active materials to the storage-capacity fading on commercial lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Power Sources 174, no. 2 (December 2007): 484–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.06.169.

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27

Zhang, Kai, Qiu He, Fangyu Xiong, Jinping Zhou, Yan Zhao, Liqiang Mai, and Lina Zhang. "Active sites enriched hard carbon porous nanobelts for stable and high-capacity potassium-ion storage." Nano Energy 77 (November 2020): 105018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105018.

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28

HANEDA, Masaaki, Takanori MIZUSHIMA, Noriyoshi KAKUTA, and Akifumi UENO. "Oxygen Storage Capacity(OSC) and Active Oxygen Species of Alumina-Supported Nonstoichiometric Cerium Oxide Catalysts." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 3 (1997): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1997.169.

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29

Tsao, Cheng-Si, Yi-Ren Tzeng, Ming-Sheng Yu, Cheng-Yu Wang, Huan-Hsiung Tseng, Tsui-Yun Chung, Hsiu-Chu Wu, Takahiro Yamamoto, Katsumi Kaneko, and Sow-Hsin Chen. "Effect of Catalyst Size on Hydrogen Storage Capacity of Pt-Impregnated Active Carbon via Spillover." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 1, no. 7 (March 8, 2010): 1060–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz100149u.

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Jiang, Qiang, Peixun Xiong, Jingjuan Liu, Zhen Xie, Qinchao Wang, Xiao‐Qing Yang, Enyuan Hu, et al. "A Redox‐Active 2D Metal–Organic Framework for Efficient Lithium Storage with Extraordinary High Capacity." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, no. 13 (March 23, 2020): 5273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201914395.

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Jiang, Qiang, Peixun Xiong, Jingjuan Liu, Zhen Xie, Qinchao Wang, Xiao‐Qing Yang, Enyuan Hu, et al. "A Redox‐Active 2D Metal–Organic Framework for Efficient Lithium Storage with Extraordinary High Capacity." Angewandte Chemie 132, no. 13 (January 28, 2020): 5311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201914395.

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32

Wei, Xiong, Zhi Ying Wang, and Min Hua Jiang. "A Research on Active Storage Task Allocation Strategy Based on MMC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 562–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.562.

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the processing capacity of a server is unable to satisfy the parallel processing of mass data and also improves data transmission in storage system. This paper has adopted active storage system to transfer calculation task and management ability to data end, improving the parallel processing capability of application program and reducing the data transmission rate in the system. During processing arriving process, this research has complied with Poisson flow, and the service time for each processor is negative exponential distribution and task service rule is the mixing model of “first come, first served”. Through experiment, it is proved that the data transmission rate within MMC system is reduced by 15% than random allocation of task on average and the system speed-up ratio is improved by 2.1 than average.

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33

Chen, Wei, Yang Jin, Jie Zhao, Nian Liu, and Yi Cui. "Nickel-hydrogen batteries for large-scale energy storage." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 46 (October 29, 2018): 11694–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809344115.

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Large-scale energy storage is of significance to the integration of renewable energy into electric grid. Despite the dominance of pumped hydroelectricity in the market of grid energy storage, it is limited by the suitable site selection and footprint impact. Rechargeable batteries show increasing interests in the large-scale energy storage; however, the challenging requirement of low-cost materials with long cycle and calendar life restricts most battery chemistries for use in the grid storage. Recently we introduced a concept of manganese-hydrogen battery with Mn2+/MnO2 redox cathode paired with H+/H2 gas anode, which has a long life of 10,000 cycles and with potential for grid energy storage. Here we expand this concept by replacing Mn2+/MnO2 redox with a nickel-based cathode, which enables ∼10× higher areal capacity loading, reaching ∼35 mAh cm−2. We also replace high-cost Pt catalyst on the anode with a low-cost, bifunctional nickel-molybdenum-cobalt alloy, which could effectively catalyze hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions in alkaline electrolyte. Such a nickel-hydrogen battery exhibits an energy density of ∼140 Wh kg−1 (based on active materials) in aqueous electrolyte and excellent rechargeability with negligible capacity decay over 1,500 cycles. The estimated cost of the nickel-hydrogen battery based on active materials reaches as low as ∼$83 per kilowatt-hour, demonstrating attractive characteristics for large-scale energy storage.

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Klein, David, Yaolin Xu, Robert Schlögl, and Sébastien Cap. "Low Reversible Capacity of Nitridated Titanium Electrical Terminals." Batteries 5, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010017.

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The currently preferred manufacturing method for Lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes is via the slurry route. While such an approach is appealing, the complexity of the electrode layers containing the active materials, conductivity helpers, and binders, has hampered detailed investigations of the active materials. As an alternative, an active material can be deposited as a thin film on a planar substrate, which enables a more robust and detailed analysis. However, due to the small areal capacity of nanometric thin films, the electrochemical activity of the cell casing must be negligible or at least well determined. We reported on the capacity and the differential capacity metrics of several materials used in the construction of the electrical terminals in LIBs. Among these materials, Ti was revealed to have the minimum reversible capacity for lithium-ion storage. The mechanical and electrochemical properties of the Ti–based materials were further improved through surface nitridation with thermal treatment in an ammonia-rich atmosphere. The nitridated Ti electrical terminal achieved a reversible capacity that was at least fifteen times lower than that of stainless steel, with a featureless differential capacity representation creating quasi-ideal experimental conditions for a detailed investigation of electroactive thin films.

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35

Shi, Pengfei, Tao Yang, Chong-Yu Xu, Bin Yong, Ching-Sheng Huang, Zhenya Li, Youwei Qin, Xiaoyan Wang, Xudong Zhou, and Shu Li. "Rainfall–Runoff Processes and Modelling in Regions Characterized by Deficiency in Soil Water Storage." Water 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091858.

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The partial runoff is complicated in semi-arid and some semi-humid zones in terms of what the runoff generates in partial vertical positions. The partial runoff is highlighted by horizontal soil heterogeneity as well. How to identify the partial runoff and develop a variable threshold for runoff generation is a great difficulty and challenge. In this work, the partial runoff is identified by using a variable active runoff layer structure, and a variable soil water storage capacity is proposed to act as a threshold for runoff generation. A variable layer-based runoff model (VLRM) for simulating the complex partial runoff was therefore developed, using dual distribution curves for variable soil water storage capacity over basin. The VLRM is distinct in that the threshold for runoff generation is denoted by variable soil water storage capacity instead of infiltration capacity or constant soil water storage capacity. A series of flood events in two typical basins of North China are simulated by the model, and also by the Xinanjiang model. Results demonstrate that the new threshold performs well and the new model outperforms the Xinanjiang model. The approach improves current hydrological modelling for complex runoff in regions with large deficiencies in soil water storage.

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Kalisvaart, W. P., H. J. Wondergem, F. Bakker, and P. H. L. Notten. "Mg–Ti based materials for electrochemical hydrogen storage." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 6 (June 2007): 1640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0195.

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Results of the mechanical alloying of binary Mg–Ti and ternary Mg–Ti–Ni mixtures using two different process control agents are reported. Both high- and low-energy milling resulted in the formation of cubic compounds. When all starting reactants had disappeared, a mixture of two face-centered cubic (fcc) phases was formed with lattice constants around 4.40 and 4.25 Å. The electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity, 450 mAh/g for (Mg0.65Ti0.35)0.95Ni0.05, was about one-third that reported for Mg–Ti thin films. This suggested that only one of the two fcc phases was active at ambient conditions. Prolonged mechanical alloying of (Mg0.60Ti0.40)0.95Ni0.05resulted in full conversion of the material into one fcc-phase with a very small crystallite size, an intermediate lattice constant (4.33 Å), and a sharply decreased storage capacity.

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Bazhenova, Bayana, Sesegma Zhamsaranova, Yuliya Zabalueva, Alexander Gerasimov, and Natalya Zambulaeva. "Effects of lingonberry extract on the antioxidant capacity of meat paste." Foods and Raw Materials 8, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-250-258.

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Introduction. Modern meat scientists are currently interested in combining meat raw materials with plant ingredients to enrich products with biologically active substances of natural origin, including antioxidants. In this regard, we studied the antioxidant capacity of a dry lingonberry marc extract introduced into meat paste and analyzed its effects on the product’s color and stability during storage. Study objects and methods. Our objects of study were a dry lingonberry marc extract originating in the Republic of Buryatia, forcemeat, and a ready-made paste in a casing. The extract was obtained by water-alcohol extraction using microwave irradiation. We investigated the physicochemical characteristics of the dry extract, including its contents of phenolic compounds, benzoic acid, and antioxidants. Results and discussion. During the experiment, we analyzed the extract’s effect on the paste’s total antioxidant capacity, coloring, and shelf life. The results showed that increasing the extract’s amount from 0.1% to 0.4% changed the color of the paste from gray-brown to purple-brown, respectively, due to anthocyanins. In further tests, we used a 0.2% concentration of lingonberry extract – the optimal amount that retained the usual brown color of the paste while increasing the content of antioxidant substances. Then, we analyzed the degree of fat oxidation in the paste samples made with and without sodium lactate during storage. According to the results, the lingonberry marc extract used without the acidity regulator and with it inhibited lipid oxidation by 12.7% and 20%, respectively, by neutralizing free radicals. Finally, we tested the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the end products. We detected no E. coli bacteria in the samples and found an inhibited growth of mesophilic anaerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms due to the extract’s bactericidal effect established in Our earlier studies. Conclusion. Thus, our results indicated that the dry lingonberry marc extract introduced into meat paste increased the product’s total antioxidant capacity and improved its stability during storage.

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Yovchenko, Alla, Sergii Bespalko, Oksana Tryhub, Sviatoslav Poliakov, Guy Baret, and Alberto Munoz Miranda. "Water-paraffin dispersion systems: manufacturing and application." Acta Innovations, no. 36 (September 30, 2020): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.36.3.

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The paper presents the study results of the stability and heat storage capacity of paraffin-in-water phase change suspensions (PCSs) obtained by the homogenization of paraffin and water in the developed rotary hydrodynamic homogenizer. The optimal concentration of components for obtaining stable paraffin-in-water suspensions is found. It is shown that the stable PCSs in the form of pastes, gels, and liquids can be obtained depending on the concentration of water, paraffin, and the surface active agent (SAA) as well as its type. In addition, the scheme of the solar heating system with the heat storage tank where the PCS functions both as the heat transfer fluid and the heat storage media is presented. It is shown that the use of PCS in the domestic solar heating system allowed the heat storage capacity of the storage tank to be increased by 25% as a result of the high fusion heat of paraffin and the high value of the water specific heat capacity. The estimation of the saving rate from applying fluid PCS as a heat storage medium is also presented and discussed.

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Zhu, Jianhua, Jianwen Wang, Guanwu Li, Lu Huang, Mengyang Cao, and Yingpeng Wu. "Heterogeneous structured pomegranate-like Bi@C nanospheres for high-performance sodium storage." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 48 (2020): 25746–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta09164b.

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In this work, a heterojunction of pomegranate-like Bi@C nanospheres (PBCNSs) anode with a protective structure and more active sites shows an outstanding rate performance and a long cycle life with no capacity decay at 20 A g⁻¹ for SIBs.

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Jiang, Zhe, and Zhong Dong Yin. "Application of Super-Capacitor in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power Generation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.43.

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The impact of grid-connected photovoltaic power on power quality and reliability of power supply has gained more attention, with the continuous improvement of its generation capacity. This paper describes the power conditioning system of grid-connected photovoltaic power plants based on super-capacitor energy storage, which acts as the energy storage element to stabilize fluctuations in output active power of photovoltaic power generation system. Based on the configuration and principle of the power control system, a power and current double closed loop feedback hysteresis current control strategy is proposed in details, which controls the super capacitor energy storage system to absorb and complement the active power output fluctuations of the photovoltaic power generation system. The effectiveness and good operating performance of the device and control strategy are validated by simulation with PSCAD/ EMTDC.

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Duisenova, Sholpan, Aibek Atykhanov, and Dimitar Karaivanov. "Justification of the parameters of a pneumatic conveyor for active ventilation of soybean during storage." MATEC Web of Conferences 287 (2019): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928704004.

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The article proposes a methodology for studying the productivity (capacity) and power consumption of a pneumatic conveyor for active ventilation of soybeans in container-modular storage in farms and the factors affecting them. In determining the parameters of the pneumatic conveyor, the physical and technological characteristics of the grain (soybean) are taken into account. The proposed methodology is based on the method of classical calculation for selecting a pneumatic conveyor with nominal parameters, which is necessary not only for transportation, both vertically and horizontally, but also for active ventilation of grain in containers during storage. The purpose of the methodology is to select a specific pneumatic conveyor for container-modular equipment for soybeans storage in the conditions of farms in Kazakhstan.

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Yuan, Z., H. Bogaert, G. Vansteenkiste, and W. Verstraete. "Sludge storage for countering nitrogen shock loads and toxicity incidents." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 12 (June 1, 1998): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0534.

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Spare nitrification capacity is usually needed for a nitrifying activated sludge plant to counter nitrogen shock loads and/or toxicity incidents. The traditional way to provide this capacity is to apply a sludge retention time which is much longer than what needed to obtain a stable nitrification, resulting in over designed plants. Another approach, which is investigated in this paper, is to store the spare biomass in a separate sludge storage tank and return it to the main stream process when a shock nitrogen load or a toxicity incident occurs. Model based analysis reveals the unique feature of the scheme: different particulate components in the sludge have a different retention time, and more specifically, active biomass stays longer in the plant than inert solids. This results in that a plant with a storage tank can have the same amount of active biomass as a traditional plant but less sludge, opening the potential of reducing the volume of the plant. Analysis shows that a plant with a sludge storage tank can be about twenty percent smaller than a traditional plant that has the same treatment capability. Analysis is verified by simulation studies.

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Zhang, Xu Feng, Zi Min Wu, and Qiu Chao Deng. "Study on Improvement of Goods Location by Comprehensive Consideration of Product from Various Dimensions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 1146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.1146.

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According to the application of ABC classification in goods location layout, this paper deals with its expansion and optimization. By using the coordinate curve and matrix model, we comprehensively consider the storage capacity, the output frequency, the characteristics of the product and the other dimensions, thus building a model of scientific distribution of stock on the basis of products characteristics, finally formed an improved classification of multidimensional variable combination. This improved classification plays an active role in increasing the efficiency of capacity utilization, decreasing the storage time, improving the use of inventory facility, it is suitable for all kinds of warehouse.

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Gonçalves, Josué M., Kamilla M. Alves, Manuel F. Gonzalez-Huila, Alfredo Duarte, Paulo R. Martins, and Koiti Araki. "Unexpected Stabilization of α-Ni(OH)2 Nanoparticles in GO Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (December 18, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5735609.

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Large specific charge capacity Ni(OH)2@GO nanocomposites, able to withstand high current densities and more than 500 redox cycles without significant loss of charge storage capacity, were realized thanks to unexpected stabilization of electrochemically active α-Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles by GO and were characterized by TEM, XRD, FTIR, TXRF, and confocal Raman microscopy. Stable and adherent films with low electric resistance, able to withstand current densities as high as 100 A·g−1, were generated, as demonstrated by CV, EIS, and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements, showing good perspectives as electrode material for hybrid energy storage devices.

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Liu, Simeng, and Gregor P. Henze. "Evaluation of Reinforcement Learning for Optimal Control of Building Active and Passive Thermal Storage Inventory." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 2 (October 31, 2006): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2710491.

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This paper describes an investigation of machine learning for supervisory control of active and passive thermal storage capacity in buildings. Previous studies show that the utilization of active or passive thermal storage, or both, can yield significant peak cooling load reduction and associated electrical demand and operational cost savings. In this study, a model-free learning control is investigated for the operation of electrically driven chilled water systems in heavy-mass commercial buildings. The reinforcement learning controller learns to operate the building and cooling plant based on the reinforcement feedback (monetary cost of each action, in this study) it receives for past control actions. The learning agent interacts with its environment by commanding the global zone temperature setpoints and thermal energy storage charging∕discharging rate. The controller extracts information about the environment based solely on the reinforcement signal; the controller does not contain a predictive or system model. Over time and by exploring the environment, the reinforcement learning controller establishes a statistical summary of plant operation, which is continuously updated as operation continues. The present analysis shows that learning control is a feasible methodology to find a near-optimal control strategy for exploiting the active and passive building thermal storage capacity, and also shows that the learning performance is affected by the dimensionality of the action and state space, the learning rate and several other factors. It is found that it takes a long time to learn control strategies for tasks associated with large state and action spaces.

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Hu, Juan, Qiuming Gao, and Huanlei Wang. "Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Capacity of Nanosized Copper Loaded Active Carbons Treated Under CO₂." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 7648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2010.2766.

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He, Yi, Lei Xie, Shixiang Ding, Yujia Long, Xinyi Zhou, Qiang Hu, and Dunmin Lin. "Core–shell nanostructured Zn–Co–O@CoS arrays for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 14 (2021): 4923–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt00584g.

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Although zinc oxide (ZnO) with wide distribution is one of the most attractive energy storage materials, the low electronic conductivity and insufficient active sites of bulk ZnO increase the internal resistance and reduce the capacity of electrodes for supercapacitors.

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Falco, Marisa, Stefania Ferrari, Giovanni Battista Appetecchi, and Claudio Gerbaldi. "Managing transport properties in composite electrodes/electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium-based batteries." Molecular Systems Design & Engineering 4, no. 4 (2019): 850–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9me00050j.

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In the global competition for ultimate electrochemical energy storage systems, proper tailoring of the ionic/electronic conductive pathways connecting solid electrolyte and active material particles in the electrodes is essential for achieving full capacity output of Li-based secondary batteries.

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Huang, Jun, Li Wang, Zhongyou Peng, Mengke Peng, Longbin Li, Xiannong Tang, Yazhou Xu, Licheng Tan, Kai Yuan, and Yiwang Chen. "Minimization of ion transport resistance: diblock copolymer micelle derived nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon spheres for superior rate and power Zn-ion capacitors." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 13 (2021): 8435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta01242h.

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N-doped hierarchically porous carbon spheres are fabricated for Zn-ion capacitors, and they possess isotropic Zn²⁺ diffusion routes and abundant active sites, resulting in minimized transport resistance for fast Zn²⁺ storage and high capacity.

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Silva, Rogério T. da, Rodrigo M. Sánchez-Román, Marconi B. Teixeira, Celso L. Franzotti, and Marcos V. Folegatti. "Software for calculation of reservoir active capacity with the sequent-peak algorithm." Engenharia Agrícola 33, no. 3 (June 2013): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000300007.

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It is presented a software developed with Delphi programming language to compute the reservoir's annual regulated active storage, based on the sequent-peak algorithm. Mathematical models used for that purpose generally require extended hydrological series. Usually, the analysis of those series is performed with spreadsheets or graphical representations. Based on that, it was developed a software for calculation of reservoir active capacity. An example calculation is shown by 30-years (from 1977 to 2009) monthly mean flow historical data, from Corrente River, located at São Francisco River Basin, Brazil. As an additional tool, an interface was developed to manage water resources, helping to manipulate data and to point out information that it would be of interest to the user. Moreover, with that interface irrigation districts where water consumption is higher can be analyzed as a function of specific seasonal water demands situations. From a practical application, it is possible to conclude that the program provides the calculation originally proposed. It was designed to keep information organized and retrievable at any time, and to show simulation on seasonal water demands throughout the year, contributing with the elements of study concerning reservoir projects. This program, with its functionality, is an important tool for decision making in the water resources management.

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