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Journal articles on the topic 'Active screen'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Fathy, Mohammed E., Vishal M. Patel, Tom Yeh, Yangmuzi Zhang, Rama Chellappa, and Larry S. Davis. "Screen-based active user authentication." Pattern Recognition Letters 42 (June 2014): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2014.02.007.

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2

Bell, T., and C. X. Li. "Active screen plasma nitriding of materials." International Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 2007): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174951407x169231.

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3

PELTON, STEPHEN I. "Screen Sexually Active Teens for HIV." Pediatric News 41, no. 2 (February 2007): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-398x(07)70080-2.

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4

Li, C. X. "Active screen plasma nitriding – an overview." Surface Engineering 26, no. 1-2 (February 2010): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174329409x439032.

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5

Nishimoto, Akio, and Kunishige Nakazawa. "Active Screen Plasma Nitriding of Titanium Alloy Using Titanium Double Screen." Materials Science Forum 891 (March 2017): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.11.

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The low hardness and poor tribological performance of titanium alloys restrict their wide applications in automotive fields. Nitriding is widely used to improve tribological properties, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of steel and titanium alloys. Plasma nitriding is becoming increasingly popular because of its high nitrogen potential, short treatment time, and low environmental impact. Recently, considerable interest has been devoted to alternative nitriding methods such as active screen plasma nitriding (ASPN). In this study, a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was nitrided by ASPN using a titanium double screen in order to investigate the effect of applying the double screen on the microstructure of the nitriding layer. The Ti-6Al-4V sample was placed on the sample stage in a cathodic potential. A titanium double screen was mounted on the cathodic stage around the sample stage. The sample was treated for 1-25 hours at 600oC under 200 Pa in 75% N2 + 25% H2 atmosphere. After nitriding, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) revealed that the thickness of the nitriding layer composed of TiN tended to increase with increasing the nitriding time. The Vickers microhardness of the sample surface nitrided for 25 hours reached approximately 1300 HV. Ball-on-disk wear test revealed that a wear loss of nitrided sample considerably decreased than that of untreated sample.

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6

Țugui, Cătălin Andrei, Mihai Axinte, Carmen Nejneru, Petrică Vizureanu, Manuela Cristina Perju, and Daniela Lucia Chicet. "Active Screen Plasma Nitriding Efficiency and Ecology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.369.

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Plasma nitriding has significant advantages: very low running costs (reduced consumption of energy and gases); optimized structure and layers; and nitriding of stainless steels. Plasma nitriding is totally safe and has no poisonous gas emissions and no negative environmental impact. However, conventional plasma nitriding has a number of well-known difficulties, including the direct application of plasma on the parts to be treated, the risk of arcing, hollow cathodes, white layers, non-homogenous batch temperature and the impossibility to mix parts of different geometries in the chamber made this technology to be almost forgotten. In the last years, due to the ecofriendly character of the technology, several atempts were made in order to establish an improvement in this technique in terms of batch damages. Active screen plasma nitriding technology is a new industrial solution that enjoys all the advantages of traditional plasma nitriding but does not have its inconveniences. A comparative study regarding quality surface and formed layer properties between conventional plasma nitriding and active screen plasma nitriding was conducted, in order to highlight the advantages that comes with this relatively new technique.

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7

Li, C. X., T. Bell, and H. Dong. "A Study of Active Screen Plasma Nitriding." Surface Engineering 18, no. 3 (June 2002): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708401225005250.

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8

Jakeman, E. "Active imaging through a random phase screen." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 24, no. 3 (March 14, 1991): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/24/3/001.

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9

Hamann, S., K. Börner, I. Burlacov, H.-J. Spies, and J. Röpcke. "Spectroscopic diagnostics of active screen plasma nitriding processes: on the interplay of active screen and model probe plasmas." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 48, no. 34 (August 5, 2015): 345204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/48/34/345204.

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10

Hutz, Janna E., Thomas Nelson, Hua Wu, Gregory McAllister, Ioannis Moutsatsos, Savina A. Jaeger, Somnath Bandyopadhyay, et al. "The Multidimensional Perturbation Value." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 18, no. 4 (November 29, 2012): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057112469257.

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Screens using high-throughput, information-rich technologies such as microarrays, high-content screening (HCS), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) have become increasingly widespread. Compared with single-readout assays, these methods produce a more comprehensive picture of the effects of screened treatments. However, interpreting such multidimensional readouts is challenging. Univariate statistics such as t-tests and Z-factors cannot easily be applied to multidimensional profiles, leaving no obvious way to answer common screening questions such as “Is treatment X active in this assay?” and “Is treatment X different from (or equivalent to) treatment Y?” We have developed a simple, straightforward metric, the multidimensional perturbation value (mp-value), which can be used to answer these questions. Here, we demonstrate application of the mp-value to three data sets: a multiplexed gene expression screen of compounds and genomic reagents, a microarray-based gene expression screen of compounds, and an HCS compound screen. In all data sets, active treatments were successfully identified using the mp-value, and simulations and follow-up analyses supported the mp-value’s statistical and biological validity. We believe the mp-value represents a promising way to simplify the analysis of multidimensional data while taking full advantage of its richness.

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11

Lanningham-Foster, L., T. B. Jensen, R. C. Foster, A. B. Redmond, B. A. Walker, D. Heinz, and J. A. Levine. "Energy Expenditure of Sedentary Screen Time Compared With Active Screen Time for Children." PEDIATRICS 118, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): e1831-e1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-1087.

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12

Venturini, L. F. R., F. B. Artuso, I. da F. Limberger, and C. de S. Javorsky. "Differences in nitrided layer between classic active screen plasma nitriding and active screen plasma nitriding with hemispherical cathodic cage." International Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering 6, no. 1 (March 2012): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174951411x13203192450269.

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13

Murie, C., C. Barette, L. Lafanechère, and R. Nadon. "Control-Plate Regression (CPR) Normalization for High-Throughput Screens with Many Active Features." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 19, no. 5 (December 18, 2013): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057113516003.

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Systematic error is present in all high-throughput screens, lowering measurement accuracy. Because screening occurs at the early stages of research projects, measurement inaccuracy leads to following up inactive features and failing to follow up active features. Current normalization methods take advantage of the fact that most primary-screen features (e.g., compounds) within each plate are inactive, which permits robust estimates of row and column systematic-error effects. Screens that contain a majority of potentially active features pose a more difficult challenge because even the most robust normalization methods will remove at least some of the biological signal. Control plates that contain the same feature in all wells can provide a solution to this problem by providing well-by-well estimates of systematic error, which can then be removed from the treatment plates. We introduce the robust control-plate regression (CPR) method, which uses this approach. CPR’s performance is compared to a high-performing primary-screen normalization method in four experiments. These data were also perturbed to simulate screens with large numbers of active features to further assess CPR’s performance. CPR performs almost as well as the best performing normalization methods with primary screens and outperforms the Z-score and equivalent methods with screens containing a large proportion of active features.

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14

Kirk, Sam, and Andrew Manley. "The Active Video Game Paradox." International Journal of Serious Games 7, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17083/ijsg.v7i1.341.

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Evidence shows inactivity and obesity are a substantial global burden, economically and physiologically. Sedentary screen time strongly contributes to this burden. Sedentary screen time is often achieved through video game play. Active video games (AVGs) tried to solve the screen time problem. AVGs work, having small to moderate positive effects on activity levels and body composition changes. However, they perform consistently poorly on the commercial market. This represents a paradox: AVGs work pragmatically, yet underperform commercially, limiting their impact practically. The purpose of this study was to explore this paradox with the aim of understanding how AVGs compare to non-active video games (NAVGs), based on gameplay experience. Findings revealed that AVGs have a significant negative comparison to NAVGs. Qualitative exploration highlighted several important considerations; gamer motivation, the lack of quality and variety in AVGs, the stereotype in AVGs, and the practical limitations of the hardware that supports AVGs. Perception of an augmented reality platform, a potential solution to the issues, was found to be positive.

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15

Kovács, Dorina, Annamária Szabó, and Alexandra Kemény. "The Role of the Material of Active Screen During the Plasma Nitriding Process." Acta Materialia Transylvanica 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33924/amt-2020-01-04.

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AbstractIn this research the effect of the active screen’s material was investigated. 42CrMo4 steel was plasma nitrided with unalloyed steel, titanium and nickel active screen at 490 and 510 °C for 4h in 75 % N2 + 25 % H2 gas mixture. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used for the characterisation of the surface properties. Iron-nitride was not formed on the surface with nickel screen. The evaluation of examination results showed that most of the detected nitrogen was molecular (N2) in the formed layer.

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16

Jafarpour, Saeed M., Andrei V. Pipa, Alexander Puth, Anke Dalke, Jürgen Röpcke, Jean-Pierre H. van Helden, and Horst Biermann. "Effects of Plasma-Chemical Composition on AISI 316L Surface Modification by Active Screen Nitrocarburizing Using Gaseous and Solid Carbon Precursors." Metals 11, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091411.

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Low-temperature plasma nitrocarburizing treatments are applied to improve the surface properties of austenitic stainless steels by forming an expanded austenite layer without impairing the excellent corrosion resistance of the steel. Here, low-temperature active screen plasma nitrocarburizing (ASPNC) was investigated in an industrial-scale cold-wall reactor to compare the effects of two active screen materials: (i) a steel active screen with the addition of methane as a gaseous carbon-containing precursor and (ii) an active screen made of carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon (CFC) as a solid carbon precursor. By using both active screen materials, ASPNC treatments at variable plasma conditions were conducted using AISI 316L. Moreover, insight into the plasma-chemical composition of the H2-N2 plasma for both active screen materials was gained by laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) combined with optical emission spectroscopy (OES). It was found that, in the case of a CFC active screen in a biased condition, the thickness of the nitrogen-expanded austenite layer increased, while the thickness of the carbon-expanded austenite layer decreased compared to the non-biased condition, in which the nitrogen- and carbon-expanded austenite layers had comparable thicknesses. Furthermore, the crucial role of biasing the workload to produce a thick and homogeneous expanded austenite layer by using a steel active screen was validated.

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17

Kauling, Alan P., Gabriel V. Soares, Carlos A. Figueroa, Ricardo V. B. de Oliveira, Israel J. R. Baumvol, Cristiano Giacomelli, and Leonardo Miotti. "Polypropylene surface modification by active screen plasma nitriding." Materials Science and Engineering: C 29, no. 2 (March 2009): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2008.07.002.

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18

Fu, Xin, Mike J. Jenkins, Guangmin Sun, Imre Bertoti, and Hanshan Dong. "Characterization of active screen plasma modified polyurethane surfaces." Surface and Coatings Technology 206, no. 23 (July 2012): 4799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.04.051.

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19

Sweetser, Penelope, Daniel Johnson, Anne Ozdowska, and Peta Wyeth. "Active versus Passive Screen Time for Young Children." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 37, no. 4 (December 2012): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693911203700413.

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20

Li, C. X., J. Georges, and X. Y. Li. "Active screen plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steel." Surface Engineering 18, no. 6 (December 2002): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708402225006240.

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21

Cranage, R., T. Smith, H. Dalton, and G. Vivian. "56. Serology cannot screen for active Helicobacter pylori." Nuclear Medicine Communications 17, no. 4 (April 1996): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199604000-00058.

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22

Patel, Vishal M., Tom Yeh, Mohammed E. Fathy, Yangmuzi Zhang, Yan Chen, Rama Chellappa, and Larry Davis. "Screen Fingerprints: A Novel Modality for Active Authentication." IT Professional 15, no. 4 (July 2013): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2013.56.

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23

Holcman, Ester, and Paulo C. Sentelhas. "Microclimate under different shading screens in greenhouses cultivated with bromeliads." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 16, no. 8 (August 2012): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662012000800007.

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This study had as its objective the evaluation of the influence of shading screens of different colors on the different microclimate variables in a greenhouse covered with transparent low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The experiment was conducted with five treatments: thermo-reflective screen (T1); a control - without screen (T2); red screen (T3); blue screen (T4); and black screen (T5), all of them with 70% of shading. An automatic micrometeorological station was installed in each treatment, measuring air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), incoming solar radiation (Rg), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and net radiation (Rn) continuously. The control (T2) and red screen (T3) treatments promoted the highest solar radiation transmissivity, respectively 56.3 and 27%. The black screen (T5) had the lowest solar radiation transmissivity (10.4%). For PAR and Rn the same tendency was observed. The highest temperature was observed under blue screen (T4) treatment, which was 1.3 °C higher than external condition. Blue screen (T4) treatment also presented the highest relative humidity difference between inside and outside conditions.

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24

Nishimoto, Akio, Kimiaki Nagatsuka, Ryota Narita, Hiroaki Nii, and Katsuya Akamatsu. "Effect of the distance between screen and sample on active screen plasma nitriding properties." Surface and Coatings Technology 205 (December 2010): S365—S368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.08.034.

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25

Nishimoto, Akio, Tatsuya Matsukawa, and Hiroaki Nii. "Effect of Screen Open Area on Active Screen Plasma Nitriding of Austenitic Stainless Steel." ISIJ International 54, no. 4 (2014): 916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.54.916.

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26

Appell, Kenneth C., Thomas D. Y. Chung, Michael J. H. Ohlmeyer, Nolan H. Sigal, John J. Baldwin, and Daniel Chelsky. "Biological Screening of a Large Combinatorial Library." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 1, no. 1 (February 1996): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108705719600100111.

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Encoding technology has allowed for the creation of libraries of 50,000 or more low-molecular-weight compounds for biological testing. The current challenge is to properly and efficiently screen among these compounds for useful biological activities. In this example, actives against two related G-protein coupled receptors were sought from a combinatorial library of 56,000 members. The library was synthesized on solid phase using the split synthesis method and photochemically released for testing. At a screening concentration of 0.5-1 /LM, 86 unique structures were identified as active against one receptor and 24 were active against the other. Due to the random nature of compound sampling, five library equivalents or 280,000 beads were screened to ensure greater than 99% representation of library members. As a result, many actives appeared multiple times in the screen, verifying the encoding process. Further confirmation was obtained by resynthesis and testing of predicted active structures. A clear bias for specific "R" groups at each point of variation in the combinatorial library with little overlap between the two receptors has produced a clear structure-activity relationship on which to base further work.

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27

Severson, William E., Michael McDowell, Subramaniam Ananthan, Dong-Hoon Chung, Lynn Rasmussen, Melinda I. Sosa, E. Lucile White, James Noah, and Colleen B. Jonsson. "High-Throughput Screening of a 100,000-Compound Library for Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus (H3N2)." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 13, no. 9 (September 23, 2008): 879–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057108323123.

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Using a highly reproducible and robust cell-based high-throughput screening (HTS) assay, the authors screened a 100,000-compound library at 14- and 114-µM compound concentration against influenza strain A/Udorn/72 (H3N2). The “hit” rates (>50% inhibition of the viral cytopathic effect) from the 14- and 114-µM screens were 0.022% and 0.38%, respectively. The hits were evaluated for their antiviral activity, cell toxicity, and selectivity in dose-response experiments. The screen at the lower concentration yielded 3 compounds, which displayed moderate activity (SI50 = 10-49). Intriguingly, the screen at the higher concentration revealed several additional hits. Two of these hits were highly active with an SI50 > 50. Time of addition experiments revealed 1 compound that inhibited early and 4 other compounds that inhibited late in the virus life cycle, suggesting they affect entry and replication, respectively. The active compounds represent several different classes of molecules such as carboxanilides, 1-benzoyl-3-arylthioureas, sulfonamides, and benzothiazinones, which have not been previously identified as having antiviral/anti-influenza activity. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2008:879-887)

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28

Hopkinson, N. D., P. Bendall, and R. J. Powell. "Screening of Acute Psychiatric Admissions for Previously Undiagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." British Journal of Psychiatry 161, no. 1 (July 1992): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.1.107.

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An auto-antibody screen for SLE, which included anti-nuclear antibodies, was performed on 296 patients admitted to acute psychiatric and psychogeriatric wards. Three cases (1% of those screened) of previously undiagnosed SLE were found, and one patient was found to have autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. An auto-antibody screen may be a useful investigation in psychiatric practice.

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29

Tykvart, Jan, Václav Navrátil, Michael Kugler, Pavel Šácha, Jiří Schimer, Anna Hlaváčková, Lukáš Tenora, et al. "Identification of Novel Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitors Using High-Throughput Screening of Pooled Compound Libraries by DNA-Linked Inhibitor Antibody Assay (DIANA)." SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 25, no. 9 (May 26, 2020): 1026–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555220918836.

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The DNA-linked inhibitor antibody assay (DIANA) has been recently validated for ultrasensitive enzyme detection and for quantitative evaluation of enzyme inhibitor potency. Here we present its adaptation for high-throughput screening of human carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a promising drug and diagnostic target. We tested DIANA’s performance by screening a unique compound collection of 2816 compounds consisting of lead-like small molecules synthesized at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (IOCB) Prague (“IOCB library”). Additionally, to test the robustness of the assay and its potential for upscaling, we screened a pooled version of the IOCB library. The results from the pooled screening were in agreement with the initial nonpooled screen with no lost hits and no false positives, which shows DIANA’s potential to screen more than 100,000 compounds per day. All DIANA screens showed a high signal-to-noise ratio with a Z′ factor of >0.89. The DIANA screen identified 13 compounds with Ki values equal to or better than 10 µM. All retested hits were active also in an orthogonal enzymatic assay showing zero false positives. However, further biophysical validation of identified hits revealed that the inhibition activity of several hits was caused by a single highly potent CAIX inhibitor, being present as a minor impurity. This finding eventually led us to the identification of three novel CAIX inhibitors from the screen. We confirmed the validity of these compounds by elucidating their mode of binding into the CAIX active site by x-ray crystallography.

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30

Hu, Chun Hua, Feng Jiang, Zhen Duo Zheng, Jun Cao, Yu Lin Qiao, and Xiao Feng Sun. "Tribological Performances of Active Screen Ion Sulphurized Layer under Epinoc Grease Lubricating." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2854.

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The active screen ion sulphurized layer was prepared on the surface of CrMoCu alloy cast iron by using active screen ion sulphurizing technology. Its key composition is FeS. Under epinoc grease lubrication condition, the friction factor and the wear volume of the active screen ion sulphurized layer is 24% and 40% lower than that of the plain surface and close to that of the sulphurized layer, respectively. The active screen ion sulphurized layer has excellent self-lubrication property, and its loose and porous structure tending to store the grease, which make it possess excellent friction reduction and wear resistance performances.

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31

Popolov, Dmitry, Sergey Shved, Igor Zaselskiy, and Igor Pelykh. "Studying of movement kinematics of dynamically active sieve." Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 23, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mme-2019-0013.

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Abstract The article presents the movement kinematics of the modular bar element of a dynamically active polymer sieve of a vibrating screen. On the basis of analytical methods, the mathematical model was obtained, which makes it possible to determine the law and trajectory of the modular bar element movement depending on its geometric characteristics, physico-mechanical properties of the polymer material, the regime and technological parameters of the vibrating screen. The results of this research show that in the working frequency range of the vibrating screen grate, modular bar element of the dynamically active sieve moves along the trajectories, the envelope of which is represented by Cassini’s ovals, which along with the generation of the amplitude component in the horizontal and vertical directions allows one to obtain the selfcleaning effect of the sowing surface.

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32

Crespi, Ângela E., Marcelo E. H. Maia da Costa, Carlos A. Figueroa, Marta E. R. Dotto, Alan P. Kauling, Gabriel V. Soares, Israel J. R. Baumvol, and Cristiano Giacomelli. "Carbon nitride film deposition by active screen plasma nitriding." Materials Letters 65, no. 19-20 (October 2011): 2985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2011.06.048.

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33

Corujeira Gallo, Santiago, and Hanshan Dong. "On the fundamental mechanisms of active screen plasma nitriding." Vacuum 84, no. 2 (September 2009): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2009.07.002.

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34

den Boer, Willem, Adi Abileah, Pat Green, Terrance Larsson, Scott Robinson, and Tin Nguyen. "56.3: Active Matrix LCD with Integrated Optical Touch Screen." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 34, no. 1 (2003): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.1832568.

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35

Kinjo, Tsukasa, Naoki Saito, and Makoto Omodani. "Vivid image projection system using e-Paper active screen." Journal of the Society for Information Display 20, no. 10 (October 2012): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsid.121.

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36

Cahill, B. M., and E. A. Parker. "Field switching in an enclosure with active FSS screen." Electronics Letters 37, no. 4 (2001): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20010159.

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37

Corujeira Gallo, Santiago, Constantinos Charitidis, and Hanshan Dong. "Surface functionalization of carbon fibers with active screen plasma." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 35, no. 2 (January 24, 2017): 021404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4974913.

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38

Hills, E. "From 'figurative males' to action heroines: further thoughts on active women in the cinema." Screen 40, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/screen/40.1.38.

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39

Böcker, Jan, Alexander Puth, Anke Dalke, Jürgen Röpcke, Jean-Pierre H. van Helden, and Horst Biermann. "Influence of the Active Screen Plasma Power during Afterglow Nitrocarburizing on the Surface Modification of AISI 316L." Coatings 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111112.

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Active screen plasma nitrocarburizing (ASPNC) increases the surface hardness and lifetime of austenitic stainless steel without deteriorating its corrosion resistance. Using an active screen made of carbon opens up new technological possibilities that have not been exploited to date. In this study, the effect of screen power variation without bias application on resulting concentrations of process gas species and surface modification of AISI 316L steel was studied. The concentrations of gas species (e.g., HCN, NH3, CH4, C2H2) were measured as functions of the active screen power and the feed gas composition at constant temperature using in situ infrared laser absorption spectroscopy. At constant precursor gas composition, the decrease in active screen power led to a decrease in both the concentrations of the detected molecules and the diffusion depths of nitrogen and carbon. Depending on the gas mixture, a threshold of the active screen power was found above which no changes in the expanded austenite layer thickness were measured. The use of a heating independent of the screen power offers an additional parameter for optimizing the ASPNC process in addition to changes in the feed gas composition and the bias power. In this way, an advanced process control can be established.

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40

Blair, Mitchell P., Shepard M. Zedaker, John R. Seiler, Perry L. Hipkins, and Patrick L. Burch. "Evaluation of Rapid Screening Techniques for Woody Plant Herbicide Development." Weed Technology 20, no. 4 (December 2006): 971–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-123.1.

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Woody plant herbicide screening techniques were evaluated to expedite the screening process and decrease amounts of herbicide active ingredient required. Rapid greenhouse screening of woody plant seedlings was performed in less than 6 months, and rapid seed screening was performed in less than 20 days. A traditional field screen, requiring 10 months from application to final evaluation, was performed for comparison and regression modeling purposes. Imazapyr and triclopyr were used as test chemicals and linear regressions were generated to predict traditional field screen results from rapid screens. Significant regressions were produced that predicted field responses of loblolly pine, sweetgum, and yellow-poplar with the use of both herbicides and either rapid screening technique. This indicated that rapid screening techniques could determine herbicide efficacy and/or species spectrum in much less time with significantly less herbicide. Rapid greenhouse screens of triclopyr produced more statistically significant regressions than those using imazapyr. Rapid seed screens could estimate species spectrum within 5 days after treatment. These results indicate that rapid greenhouse screen and rapid seed screen techniques can provide woody plant herbicide developers initial efficacy and spectrum of control data in a cost- and-time effective manner.

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Selvik, Henriette Aurora, Anna Therese Bjerkreim, Lars Thomassen, Ulrike Waje-Andreassen, Halvor Naess, and Christopher Elnan Kvistad. "When to Screen Ischaemic Stroke Patients for Cancer." Cerebrovascular Diseases 45, no. 1-2 (2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000484668.

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Background and Purpose: Ischemic stroke can be the first manifestation of cancer and it is therefore important to ascertain which stroke patients should be considered for cancer-diagnostic investigations. We aimed to determine the frequency of active cancer in patients with acute ischemic stroke and to compare clinical findings in stroke patients with active cancer to ischemic stroke patients with no history of cancer. Finally, we aimed to develop a predictive and feasible score for clinical use to uncover underlying malignancy. Methods: All ischemic stroke patients admitted to the stroke unit in the Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital were consecutively included in the Norwegian Stroke Research Registry (NORSTROKE). Stroke etiology was determined by the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. Data on cancer diagnoses was obtained from patients’ medical records and the Cancer Registry of Norway. Active cancer was defined as cancer diagnosis, metastasis of known cancer, recurrent cancer or receiving cancer treatment, all within 12 months before or after the index stroke. Based on variables independently associated with active cancer, a predictive score was developed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) curves. Bayes’ theorem was used to calculate post-test probabilities of active cancer. Results: Of the 1,646 ischemic stroke patients included, 82 (5.0%) had active cancer. Increased D-dimer (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1–1.2, p = <0.001), lower Hb (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5–0.7, p = <0.001), smoking (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2–4.3, p = 0.02) and suffering a stroke of undetermined etiology (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.3, p = 0.03) were factors independently associated with active cancer. These were included in the final predictive score which gave an AUC of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.65–0.81) in patients younger than 75 years of age. Assuming the prevalence of cancer to be 5%, the score shows that if a patient fulfills all 3 score points, the probability of active cancer is 53%. Conclusions: Active cancer was found in 5% of our ischemic stroke patients. We found that a clinical score comprising elevated D-dimer ≥3 mg/L, lower Hb ≤12.0 g/dL and previous or current smoking is feasible for predicting active cancer in ischemic stroke patients.

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Schmitz, Jonathan E., Raymond Schuch, and Vincent A. Fischetti. "Identifying Active Phage Lysins through Functional Viral Metagenomics." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 21 (September 17, 2010): 7181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00732-10.

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ABSTRACT Recent metagenomic sequencing studies of uncultured viral populations have provided novel insights into the ecology of environmental bacteriophage. At the same time, viral metagenomes could also represent a potential source of recombinant proteins with biotechnological value. In order to identify such proteins, a novel two-step screening technique was devised for cloning phage lytic enzymes from uncultured viral DNA. This plasmid-based approach first involves a primary screen in which transformed Escherichia coli clones that demonstrate colony lysis following exposure to inducing agent are identified. This effect, which can be due to the expression of membrane-permeabilizing phage holins, is discerned by the development a hemolytic effect in surrounding blood agar. In a secondary step, the clones identified in the primary screen are overlaid with autoclaved Gram-negative bacteria (specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa) to assay directly for recombinant expression of lytic enzymes, which are often encoded proximally to holins in phage genomes. As proof-of-principle, the method was applied to a viral metagenomic library constructed from mixed animal feces, and 26 actively expressed lytic enzymes were cloned. These proteins include both Gram-positive-like and Gram-negative-like enzymes, as well as several atypical lysins whose predicted structures are less common among known phage. Overall, this study represents one of the first functional screens of a viral metagenomic population, and it provides a general approach for characterizing lysins from uncultured phage.

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Nishimoto, Akio, and Kunishige Nakazawa. "Effect of Sample Mount on Active Screen Plasma Duplex Processing." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.16.

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Nitriding steel sample SACM 645 was nitrided by active screen plasma nitriding using a titanium double screen to form simultaneously TiN coatings/nitrogen-diffusion layer on the sample surface. The sample was placed on the sample mount of the various materials (SACM 645, Cu, Ti and SiO2-Al2O3). The sample with the mount was placed on the sample stage in a cathodic potential. A titanium double screen was placed on the cathodic stage around the mount. Active screen plasma duplex processing were performed in 75% N2 + 25% H2 atmosphere for 18 ks at 823 K under 100 Pa. In each sample, the hardness of the sample surface was high and beneath compound layer, the hardness decreased rapidly with the distance from the surface, following a flattening of the profile. Wear loss of each duplex-processed sample decreased than that of untreated sample. Particularly, wear loss of the sample using the Ti mount considerably decreased.

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Sandercock, Gavin R. H., Ayodele Ogunleye, and Christine Voss. "Screen Time and Physical Activity in Youth: Thief of Time or Lifestyle Choice?" Journal of Physical Activity and Health 9, no. 7 (September 2012): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.9.7.977.

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Background:This study aimed to examine the relationship between screen time and physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents but also to determine specific elements of PA that were most closely associated with screen time.Methods:We studied a cross-sectional sample of 6176 10.0–15.9 year olds (53% boys, 12.9 ± 1.5 years) who completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children/Adolescents and reported daily screen time. Differences in total PA and specific elements of PA were examined between groups reporting: < 2 h, 2–4 h, and > 4 h daily screen time.Results:There were significant differences between screen time groups in: total PA, number of bouts of PA reported, after school PA, evening PA and weekend PA (P < .0001). There was a graded, negative association between higher screen time and lower free-time PA. Participants reporting < 2 h screen time were also significantly more active during school lunch breaks than those reporting > 2 h. Boys reporting > 4 h screen time were less active during physical education lessons.Conclusions:Screen time is significantly and negatively associated with PA in British youth. Screen time may displace active pursuits out of school but is also associated with lower PA during school. Daily screen time should be limited to < 2 h in line with current recommendations.

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Zheng, Shao Mei, and Cheng Zhao. "Study on Active Screen Plasma Carburizing of Austenitic Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.208.

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AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was carburized at low temperature by means of the active screen plasma carburizing (ASPC). A layer of carbon supersaturated solid solution (i.e. the Sc phase) can be formed on the surface without precipitation of chromium carbide. The hardness of the carburized steel is greatly improved without degradation of its corrosion resistance. ASPC also solves some problems associated with the conventional DC plasma carburizing (DCPC), such as temperature uniformity, edge effect and so on. Particles sputtered from the active screen were collected and analyzed. XRD and SEM analysis indicated that the sputtered particles in sub-micron scale were neutral Fe3C and Fe2C5. The particles play the role of the carbon carrier in ASPC. Therefore, ASPC is also a multi-stage process, involving sputtering, physical adsorption, desorption, diffusion and deposition, the same as active screen plasma nitriding.

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Smets, G. J. F., C. J. Overbeeke, and M. H. Stratmann. "Depth on a Flat Screen." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 3_suppl (June 1987): 1023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.3c.1023.

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The hypothesis was tested that the coupling of parallax shifts between objects depicted on a monitor screen around a fixation point with the head movements of an observer viewing this screen monocularly around a point coinciding with the fixation point is sufficient to create a convincing depth impression and to enable the observer to make reliable estimations of depth. The estimates were based on monocular vision and involved the aligning of wedges. The investigation consisted of two analogous experiments carried out simultaneously, one on depth estimations virtually in the screen and one on depth estimations virtually in front of the screen. In each experiment three conditions were compared: an active condition in which the coupling of parallax shifts and observer's head movements operated, a passive condition in which it did not, and a real-life set-up to measure the maximum reliability in depth estimation. The hypothesis is confirmed: in the active condition the variances in the alignments are significantly smaller than in the passive condition and approach those in the real-life set-up. This holds not only for estimates in the screen but also for estimates in front of the screen, that is, we can make a thing apparently leap out of the screen towards the observer. Results are interpreted against the background of the debate between the direct and the indirect theories of perception.

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Nishimoto, Akio, Atsushi Tokuda, and Katsuya Akamatsu. "Effect of Through Cage on Active Screen Plasma Nitriding Properties." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 50, no. 5 (2009): 1169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.mra2008431.

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Ichimura, Susumu, Seigo Takashima, Ippei Tsuru, Daichi Ohkubo, Hideaki Matsuo, and Mineo Goto. "Application and evaluation of nitriding treatment using active screen plasma." Surface and Coatings Technology 374 (September 2019): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.05.075.

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Mitchell, Ulrike H., A. Wayne Johnson, Pat R. Vehrs, J. Brent Feland, and Sterling C. Hilton. "Performance on the Functional Movement Screen in older active adults." Journal of Sport and Health Science 5, no. 1 (March 2016): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2015.04.006.

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McGarry, Steven P., and N. Garry Tarr. "Fabrication and modelling of screen-printed active electrolytic polymer devices." Semiconductor Science and Technology 23, no. 5 (April 7, 2008): 055009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/23/5/055009.

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