Journal articles: 'Active queue management (AQM)'

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Chydziñski, Andrzej, and Łukasz Chróst. "Analysis of AQM queues with queue size based packet dropping." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-011-0045-7.

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Analysis of AQM queues with queue size based packet dropping Queueing systems in which an arriving job is blocked and lost with a probability that depends on the queue size are studied. The study is motivated by the popularity of Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithms proposed for packet queueing in Internet routers. AQM algorithms often exploit the idea of queue-size based packet dropping. The main results include analytical solutions for queue size distribution, loss ratio and throughput. The analytical results are illustrated via numerical examples that include some commonly used blocking probabilities (dropping functions).

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Szyguła, Jakub, Adam Domański, Joanna Domańska, Dariusz Marek, Katarzyna Filus, and Szymon Mendla. "Supervised Learning of Neural Networks for Active Queue Management in the Internet." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 4979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21154979.

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The paper examines the AQM mechanism based on neural networks. The active queue management allows packets to be dropped from the router’s queue before the buffer is full. The aim of the work is to use machine learning to create a model that copies the behavior of the AQM PIα mechanism. We create training samples taking into account the self-similarity of network traffic. The model uses fractional Gaussian noise as a source. The quantitative analysis is based on simulation. During the tests, we analyzed the length of the queue, the number of rejected packets and waiting times in the queues. The proposed mechanism shows the usefulness of the Active Queue Management mechanism based on Neural Networks.

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Ryu, Seungwan, Christopher Rump, and Chunming Qiao. "Advances in Active Queue Management (AQM) Based TCP Congestion Control." Telecommunication Systems 25, no. 3/4 (March 2004): 317–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:tels.0000014788.49773.70.

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Baklizi, Mahmoud. "Weight Queue Dynamic Active Queue Management Algorithm." Symmetry 12, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12122077.

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The current problem of packets generation and transformation around the world is router congestion, which then leads to a decline in the network performance in term of queuing delay (D) and packet loss (PL). The existing active queue management (AQM) algorithms do not optimize the network performance because these algorithms use static techniques for detecting and reacting to congestion at the router buffer. In this paper, a weight queue active queue management (WQDAQM) based on dynamic monitoring and reacting is proposed. Queue weight and the thresholds are dynamically adjusted based on the traffic load. WQDAQM controls the queue within the router buffer by stabilizing the queue weight between two thresholds dynamically. The WQDAQM algorithm is simulated and compared with the existing active queue management algorithms. The results reveal that the proposed method demonstrates better performance in terms mean queue length, D, PL, and dropping probability, compared to gentle random early detection (GRED), dynamic GRED, and stabilized dynamic GRED in both heavy or no-congestion cases. In detail, in a heavy congestion status, the proposed algorithm overperformed dynamic GRED (DGRED) by 13.3%, GRED by 19.2%, stabilized dynamic GRED (SDGRED) by 6.7% in term of mean queue length (mql). In terms of D in a heavy congestion status, the proposed algorithm overperformed DGRED by 13.3%, GRED by 19.3%, SDGRED by 6.3%. As for PL, the proposed algorithm overperformed DGRED by 15.5%, SDGRED by 19.8%, GRED by 86.3% in term of PL.

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Bisoy, Sukant Kishoro, and Prasant Kumar Pattnaik. "RQ-AQM: a rate and queue-based active queue management using feedback control theory." International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems 21, no. 2 (2018): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcnds.2018.094204.

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Bisoy, Sukant Kishoro, and Prasant Kumar Pattnaik. "RQ-AQM: a rate and queue-based active queue management using feedback control theory." International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems 21, no. 2 (2018): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcnds.2018.10014494.

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Abualhaj, Mosleh M., Mayy M. Al-Tahrawi, Abdelrahman H. Hussein, and Sumaya N. Al-Khatib. "Fuzzy-Logic Based Active Queue Management Using Performance Metrics Mapping into Multi-Congestion Indicators." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2021-0017.

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Abstract The congestion problem at the router buffer leads to serious consequences on network performance. Active Queue Management (AQM) has been developed to react to any possible congestion at the router buffer at an early stage. The limitation of the existing fuzzy-based AQM is the utilization of indicators that do not address all the performance criteria and quality of services required. In this paper, a new method for active queue management is proposed based on using the fuzzy logic and multiple performance indicators that are extracted from the network performance metrics. These indicators are queue length, delta queue and expected loss. The simulation of the proposed method show that in high traffic load, the proposed method preserves packet loss, drop packet only when it is necessary and produce a satisfactory delay that outperformed the state-of-the-art AQM methods.

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Domański, Adam, Joanna Domańska, Tadeusz Czachórski, and Jerzy Klamka. "The use of a non-integer order PI controller with an active queue management mechanism." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 777–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amcs-2016-0055.

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AbstractIn this paper the performance of a fractional order PI controller is compared with that of RED, a well-known active queue management (AQM) mechanism. The article uses fluid flow approximation and discrete-event simulation to investigate the influence of the AQM policy on the packet loss probability, the queue length and its variability. The impact of self-similar traffic is also considered.

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Tabash, I. K., M. A. Mamun, and A. Negi. "A Fuzzy Logic Based Network Congestion Control Using Active Queue Management Techniques." Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (April 26, 2010): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v2i2.2786.

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Conventional IP routers are passive devices that accept packets and perform the routing function on any input. Usually the tail-drop (TD) strategy is used where the input which exceeds the buffer capacity are simply dropped. In active queue management (AQM) methods routers manage their buffers by dropping packets selectively. We study one of the AQM methods called as random exponential marking (REM). We propose an intelligent approach to AQM based on fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to drop packets dynamically, keep the buffer size around desired level and also prevent buffer overflow. Our proposed approach is based on REM algorithm, which drops the packets by drop probability function. In our proposal we replace the drop probability function by a FLC to drop the packets, stabilize the buffer around the desired size and reduce delay. Simulation results show a better regulation of the buffer. Keywords: Random exponential marking; Active queue management; Fuzzy logic controller; Pro-active queue management. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.2786 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 273-284 (2010)

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Amigó, José M., Guillem Duran, Ángel Giménez, José Valero, and Oscar Martinez Bonastre. "Modeling a New AQM Model for Internet Chaotic Behavior Using Petri Nets." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 5877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135877.

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Formal modeling is considered one of the fundamental phases in the design of network algorithms, including Active Queue Management (AQM) schemes. This article focuses on modeling with Petri nets (PNs) a new scheme of AQM. This innovative AQM is based on a discrete dynamical model of random early detection (RED) for controlling bifurcations and chaos in Internet congestion control. It incorporates new parameters (α,β) that make possible better stability control over oscillations of an average queue length (AQL) at the router. The PN is validated through the matrix equation approach, reachability tree, and invariant analysis. The correctness is validated through the key properties of reachability, boundedness, reversibility, deadlock, and liveness.

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Ignaciuk, P., and M. Karbowańczyk. "Active queue management with discrete sliding modes in TCP networks." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0076.

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Abstract In this paper, a new active queue management (AQM) algorithm for data traffic control in TCP/IP networks is developed. The algorithm design is based on the principles of discrete sliding-mode control. Unlike majority of earlier studies, the design procedure considers the effects of both non-negligible delay in transferring data and feedback information and unpredictable capacity variations. The switching function is selected to incorporate a delay compensation mechanism, which ensures efficient network operation even for large bandwidthdelay product connections. The proposed algorithm, implemented as a packet marking scheme, is tested in discrete event ns-2 simulator. The results show that the algorithm provides fast convergence to steady state after sudden, unanticipated capacity changes. By generating smaller overshoots, the proposed algorithm also allows for reducing buffer space requirements to avoid packet loss as compared to the benchmark AQM solutions.

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Hamadneh, Nabhan, Mamoon Obiedat, Ahmad Qawasmeh, and Mohammad Bsoul. "HRED, An Active Queue Management Algorithm for TCP Congestion Control." Recent Patents on Computer Science 12, no. 3 (May 8, 2019): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213275912666181205155828.

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Background: Active Queue Management (AQM) is a TCP congestion avoidance approach that predicts congestion before sources overwhelm the buffers of routers. Random Early Detection (RED) is an AQM strategy that keeps history of queue dynamics by estimating an average queue size parameter avg and drops packets when this average exceeds preset thresholds. The parameter configuration in RED is problematic and the performance of the whole network could be reduced due to wrong setup of these parameters. Drop probability is another parameter calculated by RED to tune the drop rate with the aggressiveness of arriving packets. Objective: In this article, we propose an enhancement to the drop probability calculation to increase the performance of RED. Methods: This article studies the drop rate when the average queue size is at the midpoint between the minimum and maximum thresholds. The proposal suggests a nonlinear adjustment for the drop rate in this area. Hence, we call this strategy as the Half-Way RED (HRED). Results: Our strategy is tested using the NS2 simulator and compared with some queue management strategies including RED, TD and Gentle-RED. The calculated parameters are: throughput, link utilization and packet drop rate. Conclusion: Each performance parameter has been plotted in a separate figure; then the robustness of each strategy has been evaluated against these parameters. The results suggest that this function has enhanced the performance of RED-like strategies in controlling congestion. HRED has outperformed the strategies included in this article in terms of throughput, link utilization and packet loss rate.

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Jing, Qi, and Ming Ming Gu. "Active Queue Management Based on State Variable Feedback Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 2077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.2077.

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A new AQM algorithm based on state variable feedback control (SPC) is proposed. The future dynamic queue length in data buffer predicted by state space model is successfully introduced into feedback data's advanced prediction to compensate feedback delay. Finally, the control requirement of congestion is converted to optimal control objective function, and drop probability is obtained by solving the optimal problem. The simulation results show that the queue length with SPAQM algorithm reaches the desired value with minimal tracking error and lower drop probability. SPAQM algorithm has better performance than PID algorithms and RED algorithms in terms of disturbance rejection, stability, and robustness.

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Abdel-Jaber, Hussein. "An Exponential Active Queue Management Method Based on Random Early Detection." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2020 (May 22, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8090468.

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Congestion is a key topic in computer networks that has been studied extensively by scholars due to its direct impact on a network’s performance. One of the extensively investigated congestion control techniques is random early detection (RED). To sustain RED’s performance to obtain the desired results, scholars usually tune the input parameters, especially the maximum packet dropping probability, into specific value(s). Unfortunately, setting up this parameter into these values leads to good, yet biased, performance results. In this paper, the RED-Exponential Technique (RED_E) is proposed to deal with this issue by dropping arriving packets in an exponential manner without utilizing the maximum packet dropping probability. Simulation tests aiming to contrast E_RED with other Active Queue Management (AQM) methods were conducted using different evaluation performance metrics including mean queue length (mql), throughput (T), average queuing delay (D), overflow packet loss probability (PL), and packet dropping probability (DP). The reported results showed that E_RED offered a marginally higher satisfactory performance with reference to mql and D than that found in common AQM methods in cases of heavy congestion. Moreover, RED_E compares well with the considered AQM methods with reference to the above evaluation performance measures using minimum threshold position (min threshold) at a router buffer.

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Jiang, Fuchun, Chenwei Feng, Chen Zhu, and Yu Sun. "Performance Analysis of Active Queue Management Algorithm Based on Reinforcement Learning." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 53, no. 5 (November 15, 2020): 637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.530506.

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In the information society, data explosion has led to more congestion in the core network, dampening the network performance. Random early detection (RED) is currently the standard algorithm for active queue management (AQM) recommended by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). However, RED is particularly sensitive to both service load and algorithm parameters. The algorithm cannot fully utilize the bandwidth at a low service load, and might suffer a long delay at a high service load. This paper designs the reinforcement learning AQM (RLAQM), a simple and practical variant of RED, which controls the average queue length to the predictable value under various network loads, such that the queue size is no longer sensitive to the level of congestion. Q-learning was adopted to adjust the maximum discarding probability, and derive the optimal control strategy. Simulation results indicate that RLAQM can effectively overcome the deficiency of RED and achieve better congestion control; RLAQM improves the network stability and performance in complex environment; it is very easy to migrate from RED to RLAQM on Internet routers: the only operation is to adjust the discarding probability.

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Zheng, Weimin, Yanxin Li, Xiaowen Jing, and Shangkun Liu. "Adaptive Finite-Time Congestion Control for Uncertain TCP/AQM Network with Unknown Hysteresis." Complexity 2020 (July 27, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4138390.

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The issue of adaptive practical finite-time (FT) congestion control for the transmission control protocol/active queue management (TCP/AQM) network with unknown hysteresis and external disturbance is considered in this paper. A finite-time congestion controller is designed by the backstepping technique and the adaptive neural control method. This controller guarantees that the queue length tracks the desired queue in finite-time, and it is semiglobally practical finite-time stable (SGPFS) for all the signals of the closed-loop system. At last, the simulation results show that the control strategy is effective.

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Wang, Dazhong, and Shujing Wu. "Design of the Congestion Control for TCP/AQM Network with Time-Delay." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/834698.

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The purpose of this paper is to design congestion controller for TCP/AQM (transmission control protocol/active queue management) networks using model following control; the equilibrium of a class of TCP/AQM networks with time-delay is investigated, and the effect of communication time-delay on the stability is addressed. The features of this design method are bounded property of the internal states of the control system being given and the utility of this control. Such design exhibits important attributes including fast convergence with high accuracy to a desired queue length. Simulation results show that the time-delay nonlinear behavior of the system can be controlled by this method.

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Wei, Hai Mei. "A Research of Network Congestion Control Based on Fuzzy PID Arithmetic." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.266.

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This paper first introduces definition and cause for congestion control as well as TCP/IP congestion control mechanism, focusing on introducing active queue management arithmetic in IP congestion control mechanism, and points out its important function in congestion control. The method of active queue management arithmetic which solves full queue of routers is dropping arrived data packets before the queue is full so that end-note is able to respond before the queue overflows, avoiding the actual occurrence of congestion. RED arithmetic is a famous AQM arithmetic and congestion control based on control theory has become a new research focus.

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Karande, Shirish S., Kiran Misra, and Hayder Radha. "Survival of the Fittest: An Active Queue Management Technique for Noisy Packet Flows." Advances in Multimedia 2007 (2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/64695.

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We present a novel active queue management (AQM) technique to demonstrate the efficacy of practically harnessing the predictive utility of SSR indications for improved video communication. We consider a network within which corrupted packets are relayed over multiple hops, but a certain percentage of packets needs to be dropped at an intermediate node due to congestion. We propose an AQM technique,survival of the fittest(SOTF), to be employed at the relay node, within which we use packet state information, available from SSR indications and checksums, to drop packets with the highest corruption levels. On the basis of actual 802.11b measurements we show that such a side information (SI) aware processing within the network can provide significant performance benefits over an SI-unaware scheme,random queue management(RQM), which is forced to randomly discard packets. With trace-based simulations, we show the utility of the proposed AQM technique in improving the error recovery performance of cross-layer FEC schemes. Finally, with the help of H.264-based video simulations these improvements are shown to translate into a significant improvement in video quality.

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ABDEL-JABER, HUSSEIN, ABDULAZIZ SHEHAB, MOHAMED BARAKAT, and MAGDI RASHAD. "IGRED: An Improved Gentle Random Early Detection Method for Management of Congested Networks." Journal of Interconnection Networks 19, no. 02 (June 2019): 1950004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021926591950004x.

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Controlling congested router buffers of a network has a crucial role in improving network’s performance. This paper proposes a novel Active Queue Management (AQM) method named Improved Gentle Random Early Detection (IGRED) that based on GRED algorithm, which counted as one of the popular AQM methods. The proposed is mainly developed to overcome the problems faced with classic GRED. The initial packet-dropping probability depends on several parameters such as the average queue length, maximum value of packet dropping probability, minimum and maximum thresholds, etc. IGRED reduces its reliance on the GRED’s parameters through shrinking these parameters. The results shows, when congestion is taken place, the proposed IGRED provides more satisfactory performance with reference to mean queue length, average queuing delay, and overflow packet loss probability.

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Grazia, Carlo Augusto, Natale Patriciello, Martin Klapez, and Maurizio Casoni. "Transmission Control Protocol and Active Queue Management together against congestion: cross-comparison through simulations." SIMULATION 95, no. 10 (November 30, 2018): 979–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549718814626.

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Most Internet traffic is carried by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) nowadays, even in the case of real-time services. Detecting and mitigating the congestion is one of the primary tasks of this protocol, in fact, different TCP versions are defined by their congestion control algorithms. Furthermore, Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithms share the same goal of congestion mitigation with TCP; in particular, the most efficient congestion control occurs when AQM and TCP work together. This paper presents a brief survey and a cross-comparison of the latest and most important TCP and AQM variants, then provides an evaluation of a different kind of performance on the ns-3 network simulator over various types of environments (multiple Round Trip Time, long delay, different congestion levels, etc.). In any shared bottleneck, the choice of the TCP-AQM couple to adopt is crucial. We will show that the results are not univocal and the “one size fits all” solution does not exist. Moreover, the proper couple depends on the performance that we want to boost and on the environment that we have to deal with.

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Sabry, Sana Sabah, and Nada Mahdi Kaittan. "Grey wolf optimizer based fuzzy-PI active queue management design for network congestion avoidance." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp199-208.

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Congestion is one of the most important issues in communication networks which has attracted much research attention. To ensure a stable TCP network, we can use active queue management (AQM for early congestion detection and router queue length regulation. In this study, it was proposed to use the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm in designing a fuzzy proportional integral (fuzzy-PI) controller as a novel AQM for internet routers congestion control and for achieving a low steady-state error and fast response. The suggested Fuzzy logic-based network traffic control strategy permit us to deploy linguistic knowledge for depicting the dynamics of probability marking functions and ensures a more accurate use of multiple inputs to depict the the network’s state. The possibility of incorporating human knowledge into such a control strategy using Fuzzy logic control methodology was demonstrated. The postulated controller was compared to proportion integral (PI) through several MATLAB simulation scenarios. The results indicated the stability of the postulated controller and its ability to attain a faster response in a dynamic network with varying network load and target queue length.

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Khatari, Maimuna, A. A. Zaidan, B. B. Zaidan, O. S. Albahri, and M. A. Alsalem. "Multi-Criteria Evaluation and Benchmarking for Active Queue Management Methods: Open Issues, Challenges and Recommended Pathway Solutions." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 18, no. 04 (July 2019): 1187–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622019300039.

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The evaluation and benchmarking processes of active queue management (AQM) methods are complicated and challenging. Several evaluation criteria/metrics must be considered before an AQM method can yield satisfactory performance using specific metric(s). Further investigations are required to highlight the limitations of how criteria/metrics are determined and how their procedures accord with the evaluation and benchmarking processes of AQM. In this paper, we presented comprehensive insights into the multi-criteria evaluation and benchmarking of AQM methods based on two critical directions. First, current AQM evaluation criteria are collected, analyzed and categorized. Second, these AQM evaluation criteria highlight conflicting issues and benchmarking techniques to identify weak points, and possible solutions are discussed. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) The limitations and problems of existing AQM evaluation and benchmarking methods, such as multi-evaluation criteria, criteria trade-off, benchmarking and criteria significance, are presented and emphasized. (2) Multi-criteria decision-making using multiple criteria, such as performance, processing overhead and configuration, can be used to benchmark numerous AQM methods to determine solutions for future directions.

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Domańska, J., A. Domański, T. Czachórski, and J. Klamka. "Fluid flow approximation of time-limited TCP/UDP/XCP streams." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0021.

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Abstract This article presents the use of fluid flow approximation to model interactions between a set of TCP, UDP and XCP flows in the environment of IP routers using AQM (Active Queue Management) algorithms to control traffic congestion. In contrast to other works, independent UDP and TCP streams are considered and the model allows to start and end data transmissions in TCP, UDP and XCP streams at any time moment. It incorporates several Active Queue Management mechanisms: RED, NLRED, CHOKe.

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Santos, Carlos Eduardo Maffini, Carlos Alexandre Gouvea da Silva, and Carlos Marcelo Pedroso. "Improving Perceived Quality of Live Adaptative Video Streaming." Entropy 23, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23080948.

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Quality of service (QoS) requirements for live streaming are most required for video-on-demand (VoD), where they are more sensitive to variations in delay, jitter, and packet loss. Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is the most popular technology for live streaming and VoD, where it has been massively deployed on the Internet. DASH is an over-the-top application using unmanaged networks to distribute content with the best possible quality. Widely, it uses large reception buffers in order to keep a seamless playback for VoD applications. However, the use of large buffers in live streaming services is not allowed because of the induced delay. Hence, network congestion caused by insufficient queues could decrease the user-perceived video quality. Active Queue Management (AQM) arises as an alternative to control the congestion in a router’s queue, pressing the TCP traffic sources to reduce their transmission rate when it detects incipient congestion. As a consequence, the DASH client tends to decrease the quality of the streamed video. In this article, we evaluate the performance of recent AQM strategies for real-time adaptive video streaming and propose a new AQM algorithm using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks to improve the user-perceived video quality. The LSTM forecast the trend of queue delay to allow earlier packet discard in order to avoid the network congestion. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the competing AQM algorithms, mainly in scenarios where there are congested networks.

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Mahawish, Amar A., and Hassan J. Hassan. "Survey on: A variety of AQM algorithm schemas and intelligent techniques developed for congestion control." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1419-1431.

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The congestion on the internet is the main issue that affects the performance of transition data over the network. An algorithm for congestion control is required to keep any network efficient and reliable for transfer traffic data of the users. Many Algorithms had been suggested over the years to improve the control of congestion that occurs in the network such as drop tail packets. Recently there are many algorithms have been developed to overcome the drawback of the drop tail procedure. One of the important algorithms developed is active queue management (AQM) that provides efficient congestion control by reducing drop packets, this technique considered as a base for many other congestion control algorithms schema. It works at the network core (router) for controlling the drop and marking of packets in the router's buffer before the congestion inception. In this study, a comprehensive survey is done on the AQM Algorithm schemas that proposed and modification these algorithms to achieve the best performance, the classification of AQM algorithms based on queue length, queue delay, or both. The advantages and limitations of each algorithm have been discussed. Also, debate the intelligent techniques procedure with AQM algorithm to achieve optimization in performance of algorithm operation. Finally, the comparison has been discussed among algorithms to find the weakness and powerful of each one based on different metrics.

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Zeng, Li, Hong Ni, and Rui Han. "The Yellow Active Queue Management Algorithm in ICN Routers Based on the Monitoring of Bandwidth Competition." Electronics 10, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070806.

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Deploying the active queue management (AQM) algorithm on a router is an effective way to avoid packet loss caused by congestion. In an information-centric network (ICN), routers not only play a role of packets forwarding but are also content service providers. Congestion in ICN routers can be further summarized as the competition between the external forwarding traffic and the internal cache response traffic for limited bandwidth resources. This indicates that the traditional AQM needs to be redesigned to adapt to ICN. In this paper, we first demonstrated mathematically that allocating more bandwidth for the upstream forwarding flow could improve the quality of service (QoS) of the whole network. Secondly, we propose a novel AQM algorithm, YELLOW, which predicts the bandwidth competition event and adjusts the input rate of request and the marking probability adaptively. Afterwards, we model YELLOW through the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) and deduce the approximate solution of the existence condition for each stationary phase. Finally, we evaluated the performance of YELLOW by NS-3 simulator, and verified the accuracy of modeling results by Monte Carlo. The simulation results showed that the queue of YELLOW could converge to the expected value, and the significant gains of the router with low packet loss rate, robustness and high throughput.

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Kennedy, Okokpujie, Emmanuel Chukwu, Olamilekan Shobayo, Etinosa Noma-Osaghae, Imhade Okokpujie, and Modupe Odusami. "Comparative analysis of the performance of various active queue management techniques to varying wireless network conditions." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp359-368.

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This paper demonstrates the robustness of active queue management techniques to varying load, link capacity and propagation delay in a wireless environment. The performances of four standard controllers used in Transmission Control Protocol/Active Queue Management (TCP/AQM) systems were compared. The active queue management controllers were the Fixed-Parameter Proportional Integral (PI), Random Early Detection (RED), Self-Tuning Regulator (STR) and the Model Predictive Control (MPC). The robustness of the congestion control algorithm of each technique was documented by simulating the varying conditions using MATLAB® and Simulink® software. From the results obtained, the MPC controller gives the best result in terms of response time and controllability in a wireless network with varying link capacity and propagation delay. Thus, the MPC controller is the best bet when adaptive algorithms are to be employed in a wireless network environment. The MPC controller can also be recommended for heterogeneous networks where the network load cannot be estimated.

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Karam, Zeyad A. "Hybrid Fuzzy Congestion Controllers for Computer Networks Tuned by Modified Particle Swarm Optimization." International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications, Electrotechnics, Signals and Systems 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11601/ijates.v7i2.250.

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One of the most debated issues nowadays is the quality of computer network service. The best internet service must provide a fast processing of the traffic. Each router has a queue of packets that provides a buffer space, where the packets wait for processing. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a packets congestion control theory. Active Queue Management (AQM) is a mechanisms proposed to employ at gateways to improve the performance of TCP congestion control. AQM mechanisms aim to provide high link utilization with low loss rate and low queuing delay while reacting to load changes quickly. Random Early Detection (RED) is an extensively studied AQM algorithm that can detect congestion by dropping packets randomly with certain probability that serves as the function of the average queue size. In this work, hybrids Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC) are proposed to measure the router queue size directly by use them as a congestion controllers. A multiple hybrid fuzzy controllers are proposed, where (Proportional Integral Derivative controller (PID) -like FLC-Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Based, Proportional Derivative (PD)-like FLC with conventional I-PSO Based and PID tuned by Fuzzy Logic-PSO Based), which is provided to regulate the queue length, round trip time and packet loss. The Particle Swarmed Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used for tuning the gains of hybrid fuzzy logic controller which helps in reducing the error of the queue size. This is achieved through minimizing the rise time, peak time, settling time and overshoot of the AQM response. The empirical results revealed a high-performance improvement regarding the proposed method in comparison to previous works of other researchers.

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Sulttan, Mohammed Qasim, Manal Hadi Jaber, and Salam Waley Shneen. "Proportional-integral genetic algorithm controller for stability of TCP network." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 6225. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp6225-6232.

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The life development and increase the number of internet users imposed an increase in data circulating on the internet network and then make the network more congestion. As a result of all this, some problems arose such as time delay in packets delivery, loss of packets, and exceed the buffer capacity for the middle routers. To overcome those problems, transmission control protocol and active queue management (TCP/AQM) have been used. AQM is the main approach used to control congestion and overcome those problems to improve network performance. This work proposes to use the proportional-integral (PI) controller with a genetic algorithm (GA) as an active queue manager for routers of the Internet. The simulation results show a good performance for managing the congestion with using proportional-integral genetic algorithm (GA-PI) controller better than the PI controller.

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Iskandar, Muhammad Noer. "Active Queue Management (AQM) Performance Analysis Based On Controled Delay (CoDel) Against Bufferbloat On Real-Time Aplication." Indonesian Journal on Computing (Indo-JC) 2, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.21108/indojc.2017.2.1.139.

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Bufferbloat merupakan salah satu kondisi buffer dengan ukuran besar yang cenderung selalu penuh dan menyebabkan antrian panjang didalam buffer, jika hal ini terjadi secara terus-menerus maka dapat menyebabkan jeda transmisi yang tinggi. Bufferbloat sering terjadi pada aplikasi berbasis real-time. Active Queue Management (AQM) merupakan salah satu cara untuk menangani terjadinya bufferbloat., AQM umumnya menggunakan algoritma Drop Tail untuk menangani kondisi antrian panjang dalam buffer router di jaringan. Namun demikian, performansi AQM berbasis Drop Tail kurang dapat diandalkan karena jeda transmisi dalam keadaan bufferbloat masih tinggi. Telah banyak studi dilakukan untuk menangani bufferbloat, seperti Drop Tail, Random Early Detection (RED) dan Controlled Delay (CoDel). Dari riset yang telah dilakukan tersebut masih sulit ditemukan performasi algoritma terbaik dalam menangani bufferbloat. Untuk hal tersebut, paper ini menyajikan studi performansi penanganan bufferbloat menggunakan ketiga algoritma diatas. Dalam studi ini, video streaming digunakan sebagai traffic uji untuk menentukan performansi algoritma terbaik dalam mengatasi bufferbloat. Sedangkan metriks uji yang digunakan dalam riset ini adalah latency, throughput dan packet-loss. Analisa hasil pengujian mengambil 3 hasil terbaik dalam setiap percobaan. Hasil pengujian menunjukan performansi algoritma CoDel jauh lebih baik dalam menangani latency yang tinggi pada kondisi bufferbloat dibandingkan RED dan Drop Tail. Namun untuk packet-loss dan throughput performansi RED dan Drop Tail masih unggul dibanding algoritma CoDel

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Ardiansyah, Rizka. "Pengukuran Performa Algoritma Kendali Kongesti Active Queue Manajemen (AQM) Pada Jaringan Backbone Multicast Berbasis Protocol Multicast PIM-DM." ScientiCO : Computer Science and Informatics Journal 1, no. 2 (March 7, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j26204118.2018.v1.i2.12061.

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UDP is a data transmission protocol on the Internet that allows data to be sent in realtime and become a development base of various services such as IPTV, VOIP, VOD, and video conferencing. The multicast network was a solution to provide better service to many public needs with the concept of simplicity and efficiency. Dense traffic situation triggering a packet loss and delay that not tolerated by some services, especially multimedia streaming service, while UDP does not guarantee the quality of service so that the necessary traffic management method that serves as a traffic controller to the congestion in the network. This study analyzes the performance of technology based on Active Queue Management (AQM) congestion control in a multicast backbone network based on Protocol Independent Multicast – Dense Multicast using Droptail, Deficit Round Robin (DRR), and Random Early Detection (RED) algorithm, which is simulated using NS2. The simulation results show that the congestion control algorithm, DRR provides the best performance with a balanced value of mean delay, mean throughput, and the mean loss. RED is a congestion control algorithm which has the best queue management mechanism but not able to suppress the mean loss in each scenario tested because RED has a small amount of buffer size, Droptail not an appropriate algorithm for multicast networks implemented in, the absence of an interrupt mechanism trigger data services will have a tendency towards a particular data packet.

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Cao, Yuanlong, Ruiwen Ji, Lejun Ji, Mengshuang Bao, Lei Tao, and Wei Yang. "Can Multipath TCP Be Robust to Cyber Attacks? A Measuring Study of MPTCP with Active Queue Management Algorithms." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (May 27, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9963829.

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With the development of social networks, more and more mobile social network devices have multiple interfaces. Multipath TCP (MPTCP), as an emerging transmission protocol, can fit multiple link bandwidths to improve data transmission performance and improve user experience quality. At the same time, due to the large-scale deployment and application of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing, cyber attacks against MPTCP have gradually increased. More and more network security research studies point out that low-rate distributed denial of service (LDDoS) attacks are relatively popular and difficult to detect and are recognized as one of the most severe threats to network services. This article introduces six classic queue management algorithms: DropTail, RED, FRED, REM, BLUE, and FQ. In a multihomed network environment, we perform the performance evaluation of MPTCP under LDDoS attacks in terms of throughput, delay, and packet loss rate when using the six algorithms, respectively, by simulations. The results show that in an MPTCP-enabled multihomed network, different queue management algorithms have different throughput, delay, and packet loss rate performance when subjected to LDDoS attacks. Considering these three performance indicators comprehensively, the FRED algorithm has better performance. By adopting an effective active queue management (AQM) algorithm, the MPTCP transmission system can enhance its robustness capability, thus improving transmission performance. We suggest that when designing and improving the queue management algorithm, the antiattack performance of the algorithm should be considered: (1) it can adjust the traffic speed by optimizing the congestion control mechanism; (2) the fairness of different types of data streams sharing bandwidth is taken into consideration; and (3) it has the ability to adjust the parameters of the queue management algorithm in a timely and accurate manner.

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Shneen, Salam Waley, Mohammed Qasim Sulttan, and Manal Kadhim Oudah. "Design and implementation of a stability control system for TCP/AQM network." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp129-136.

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In this work, we used a new approach as active queue management (AQM) to avoid data congestion in TCP/IP networks. The new approach is PSO-PI controller which use the proportional-integral controller as a control unit and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm as an optimization technique to improve the performance of the PI controller and therefore improving the performance of TCP/IP networks as a required goal. The optimization control (PSO-PI) is characterized by access to design and choosing the optimal parameters of (K_1 and K_p) to reach optimal solutions in a short way (fewer iterations). The implementation of the PSO algorithm is achieving by using the mathematical system model and M-file and SIMULINK in Mathlab program. Simulation results show good congestion management performance with PSO-PI controller better than the PI controller as AQM in TCP networks, and the proposed method was very fast and required few iterations.

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Fan, Xun Li, Fei Fei Du, and Zhen Hua Xie. "Input-Rate Based Adaptive Fuzzy Neuron PID Control for AQM." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.3.

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Internet routers play an important role during network congestion. All the routers have buffers at input and output ports to hold the packets at congestion. Various congestion control algorithms have been proposed to control the congestion. Recently, some proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller based algorithms have been proposed as Active Queue Management (AQM) schemes to address performance degradations of end-to-end TCP congestion control. However, most of the proposed PID-controllers for AQM are validated for their performance and stability via intuitive explanation and simulation studies instead of theoretic analysis and performance evaluation. But there are a few drawbacks of PID-controller based AQM algorithms leading to poor performance like causing data retention dropping and oscillation when the time delay is large, which means that the existing PID-controller can not meet the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. To overcome the drawbacks of traditional PID, we analyze and enhance the PID-controller based AQM algorithm by regarding the TCP congestion control mechanism as an input-rate based Adaptive Fuzzy Neuron PID control algorithm (IRAFNPID) to avoid congestion in TCP/AQM networks. By means of simulations, we evaluate and compare the performance of traditional PID, single neural adaptive PID(SNAPID) and IRAFNPID, simulations with experiment data analysis and find that IRAFNPID has better convergence, stability, robustness, goodput and lower loss ratio.

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Domanśka, Joanna, Adam Domański, Dariusz R. Augustyn, and Jerzy Klamka. "A RED modified weighted moving average for soft real-time application." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amcs-2014-0051.

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Abstract The popularity of TCP/IP has resulted in an increase in usage of best-effort networks for real-time communication. Much effort has been spent to ensure quality of service for soft real-time traffic over IP networks. The Internet Engineering Task Force has proposed some architecture components, such as Active Queue Management (AQM). The paper investigates the influence of the weighted moving average on packet waiting time reduction for an AQM mechanism: the RED algorithm. The proposed method for computing the average queue length is based on a difference equation (a recursive equation). Depending on a particular optimality criterion, proper parameters of the modified weighted moving average function can be chosen. This change will allow reducing the number of violations of timing constraints and better use of this mechanism for soft real-time transmissions. The optimization problem is solved through simulations performed in OMNeT++ and later verified experimentally on a Linux implementation

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Ko, Nam-Seok, Myoung-Hun Kim, and Hong-Shik Park. "FD-AQM: Fairness-Aware Delay-Controlled Active Queue Management in 802.11s-Based Multi-Radio Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Networks." IEEE Communications Letters 19, no. 5 (May 2015): 839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2015.2412534.

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Dovzhenko, Timur. "DSREM REGULATOR IN THE TCP/IP NETWORK." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 4 (July 29, 2016): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2016.000127.

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The paper presents the main parameters and describes the behavior of the active queue management (AQM) algorithm which based on random exponential marking (REM) packets in TCP/IP network. It has presented the new AQM algorithm, which has been developed by author, which is based on REM and uses dynamically splitting marking characteristic (DSREM) of network packets. The basic parameters and functional principle of DSREM algorithm have been shown. Block diagram of linearized AQM system, which is based on DSREM management law and describes its main components, is shown. Transfer characteristic for DSREM, which is based on the Laplace transform and its basic parameters, are considered. Simulation of TCP/IP network, which contains congested link for small and large sources of incoming messages using REM and DSREM regulators, is done. Log-frequency characteristics for REM and DSREM methods are obtained and their comparative analysis is performed. It is concluded that the regulator based on DSREM algorithm has better performance and stability of the system can be used in the AQM system.

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Marek, Dariusz, Adam Domański, Joanna Domańska, Jakub Szyguła, Tadeusz Czachórski, and Jerzy Klamka. "Diffusion Model of a Non-Integer Order PIγ Controller with TCP/UDP Streams." Entropy 23, no. 5 (May 16, 2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050619.

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In this article, a way to employ the diffusion approximation to model interplay between TCP and UDP flows is presented. In order to control traffic congestion, an environment of IP routers applying AQM (Active Queue Management) algorithms has been introduced. Furthermore, the impact of the fractional controller PIγ and its parameters on the transport protocols is investigated. The controller has been elaborated in accordance with the control theory. The TCP and UDP flows are transmitted simultaneously and are mutually independent. Only the TCP is controlled by the AQM algorithm. Our diffusion model allows a single TCP or UDP flow to start or end at any time, which distinguishes it from those previously described in the literature.

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OUNI, RIDHA, JAMILA BHAR, and KHOLDOUN TORKI. "A NEW SCHEDULING PROTOCOL DESIGN BASED ON DEFICIT WEIGHTED ROUND ROBIN FOR QoS SUPPORT IN IP NETWORKS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 03 (March 2013): 1350012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126613500126.

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We present a study of the effects of active queue management (AQM) on the average queue size in routers. In this work, three prominent AQM schemes are considered: packet classification, checking service level agreements (SLA) and queue scheduling. This paper presents several adaptive resource sharing models that use a revenue criterion to allocate bandwidth in an optimal way. The models ensure QoS requirements of data flows and, at the same time, maximize the total revenue by adjusting parameters of the underlying schedulers. Deficit round robin (DRR) and deficit weighted round robin (DWRR) scheduling techniques have shown their ability in providing fair and weighted sharing of network resources for network devices. However, they are unable to use the total allocated network bandwidth even in burst traffic. In this paper, we propose a negative-deficit weighted round robin (N-DWRR) technique as a new packet scheduling discipline to improve the bandwidth utilization rate without increasing the total latency. A fully hardware packet scheduler has been implemented and verified as part of an intellectual property core. This is motivated by the fact that the design and analysis of hardware/software architectures for such techniques requires new models and methods, which do not fall under the domain of traditional embedded-systems design.

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Ahmed, N. U., and Cheng Li. "Suboptimal feedback control of TCP flows in computer network using random early discard (RED) mechanism." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2005, no. 5 (2005): 477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mpe.2005.477.

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We consider a dynamic model that simulates the interaction of TCP sources with active queue management system (AQM). We propose a modified version of an earlier dynamic model called RED. This is governed by a system of stochastic differential equations driven by a doubly stochastic point process with intensity as the control. The feedback control law proposed observes the router (queue) status and controls the intensity by sending congestion signals (warnings) to the sources for adjustment of their transmission rates. The (feedback) control laws used are of polynomial type (including linear) with adjustable coefficients. They are optimized by use of genetic algorithm (GA) and random recursive search (RRS) technique. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed model and the method can improve the system performance significantly.

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Abbas, G., A. K. Nagar, H. Tawfik, and J. Y. Goulermas. "Pricing and Unresponsive Flows Purging for Global Rate Enhancement." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/379652.

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Pricing-based Active Queue Management (AQM), such as Random Exponential Marking (REM), outperforms other probabilistic counterpart techniques, like Random Early Detection (RED), in terms of both high utilization and negligible loss and delay. However, the pricing-based protocols do not take account of unresponsive flows that can significantly alter the subsequent rate allocation. This letter presents Purge (Pricing and Un-Responsive flows purging for Global rate Enhancement) that extends the REM framework to regulate unresponsive flows. We show that Purge is effective at providing fairness and requires small memory and low-complexity operations.

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Piotrowska, Agnieszka. "On Cross-Layer Interactions for Congestion Control in the Internet." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 7808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177808.

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Two key mechanisms of the Internet are congestion control in the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Active Queue Management (AQM) in routers. The former divides the bandwidth between flows and prevents the Internet from congestion collapse. Simultaneously, the latter informs hosts of the forthcoming congestion by preventive dropping of packets in network nodes. Although these two key mechanisms may severely interact with each other, they are often being researched independently, in parallel. This has led to the development of a few new congestion controls and AQM algorithms known for excellent performance under the assumption that the counterpart remains unaltered. It is unclear, however, how these new solutions in both areas interact with each other. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap. Namely, in an extensive set of simulations, the impact of interactions between the state-of-the-art congestion control and AQM algorithms on the TCP connection performance is studied. As a result, recommendations for using some particular TCP-AQM pairs, which are observed to perform especially well, are formulated.

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Mahmood Lafta, Wisam, Saba Qasim Jabbar, and Guangzhi Ma. "Performance Evaluation of Heterogeneous Network Based on RED and WRED." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v3.i3.pp540-545.

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The developing of wireless networks becomes a very important issue nowadays, since it is considered as an easy-using tool without building new infrastructure to cover a wide working area. Applying TCP protocols with the application demands are implemented this work by considering heterogeneous environment of wireless networks connecting with wired networks. The TCP congestion is critical problem is faced heterogeneous environments, this problem is appeared through sending and receiving huge data from wireless networks to wired networks and vice versa. This work is proposed a new approach of using active queue management (AQM) technique with random early detection (RED) and weight random early detection (WRED) strategies to avoid the expected congestion between the heterogeneous environments. Our simulation results show that the quality of service (QoS) is improved by reducing the queue delay and buffer usage, and by increasing the average throughput and utilizationof the system. The simulation is carried out by using OPNET software to test the proposed models for different scenarios.

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Ahmed, N. U., and X. H. Ouyang. "Suboptimal RED Feedback Control for Buffered TCP Flow Dynamics in Computer Network." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2007 (2007): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/54683.

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We present an improved dynamic system that simulates the behavior of TCP flows and active queue management (AQM) system. This system can be modeled by a set of stochastic differential equations driven by a doubly stochastic point process with intensities being the controls. The feedback laws proposed monitor the status of buffers and multiplexor of the router, detect incipient congestion by sending warning signals to the sources. The simulation results show that the optimal feedback control law from the class of linear as well as quadratic polynomials can improve the system performance significantly in terms of maximizing the link utilization, minimizing congestion, packet losses, as well as global synchronization. The optimization process used is based on random recursive search technique known as RRS.

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YAR, ASFAND-E., I. U. AWAN, and M. E. WOODWARD. "PERFORMANCE MODELLING OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN WIRELESS NETWORKS." Journal of Interconnection Networks 07, no. 01 (March 2006): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021926590600165x.

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Evolution in Wireless Technologies and Networks imposes a greater need for network support as current congestion control and avoidance techniques are mainly designed for wired networks. The current performance evaluation techniques proposed for wireless networks are not able to achieve optimal performance to guarantee desired Quality of Service (QoS) standards. Thus, the new schemes such as Active Queue Management (AQM) are needed to be adaptive to dynamic wireless networks and bursty traffic conditions to help in avoiding severe performance degradation in wireless environment. Thus, in this paper we developed and validated a novel approximate analytical performance model of a multiple threshold Random Early Detection (RED) congestion control mechanism based on the principle of Maximum Entropy (ME). It can be employed at the wireless gateways/base stations to regulate the buffer management and bandwidth allocation. Closed form expressions for the state and blocking probabilities have also been characterized. Numerical examples have been presented for aggregate and marginal QoS measures, which show the credibility of the ME solution and its validation against simulation.

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Kennedy, Jenny, Grenville Armitage, and Julian Thomas. "Household bandwidth and the ‘need for speed’: Evaluating the impact of active queue management for home internet traffic." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 5, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v5n2.99.

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In this paper, we aim to contribute to the policy debate on bandwidth needs by considering more closely what happens in household networks. We draw upon both social and technical studies modelling household applications and their uses to show how queue management protocols impact bandwidth needs. We stress the impact of internet traffic streams interfering with each other, and describe three different categories of internet traffic. We demonstrate how the use of active queue management can reduce bandwidth demands. In doing so we consider how, and to what degree, household internet connections are a constraint on internet use. We show that speed demand predictions are skewed by a perceived need to protect the Quality of Service experienced by latency-sensitive services when using current gateway technologies.

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Kennedy, Jenny, Grenville Armitage, and Julian Thomas. "Household bandwidth and the ‘need for speed’: Evaluating the impact of active queue management for home internet traffic." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 5, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v5n2.99.

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In this paper, we aim to contribute to the policy debate on bandwidth needs by considering more closely what happens in household networks. We draw upon both social and technical studies modelling household applications and their uses to show how queue management protocols impact bandwidth needs. We stress the impact of internet traffic streams interfering with each other, and describe three different categories of internet traffic. We demonstrate how the use of active queue management can reduce bandwidth demands. In doing so we consider how, and to what degree, household internet connections are a constraint on internet use. We show that speed demand predictions are skewed by a perceived need to protect the Quality of Service experienced by latency-sensitive services when using current gateway technologies.

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Wang, Ling, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, and Jaeyoung Lee. "Implementation of Active Traffic Management Strategies for Safety on Congested Expressway Weaving Segments." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2635, no. 1 (January 2017): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2635-04.

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In weaving segments, traffic merges, diverges, and weaves in a limited space. These traffic maneuvers might result in high crash hazards. To improve the safety of a congested expressway weaving segment, this study tested various active traffic management (ATM) strategies in microsimulations. Crash odds and the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model were used to evaluate the impact of ATM strategies on traffic safety. The crash odds were calculated based on the real-time safety analysis model for weaving segments. The strategies included ramp metering (RM), variable speed limit (VSL), and integrated RM and VSL (RM-VSL). Overall, the results showed that the ATM strategies improved the safety of the studied weaving segment. The modified ALINEA RM algorithms, which took lane occupancy and safety into consideration, outperformed the traditional ALINEA algorithm from a safety perspective. The 45 mph VSLs, which were located at the upstream of the studied weaving segment, significantly enhanced safety without notably increasing average travel time. A consolidated RM-VSL strategy was also proposed with the aim of improving traffic safety by implementing RM and VSL. In the consolidated RM-VSL strategy, the modified ALINEA RM was adjusted according to the queue length to prevent long queues on ramps. The results proved that the consolidated RM-VSL strategy reduced the number of conflicts by 16.8% and decreased the crash odds by 6.0%.

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Zhou, Zhi-Chao, Yang Xiao, and Dong Wang. "Constraints of nonresponding flows based on cross layers in the networks." International Journal of Modern Physics C 27, no. 07 (May 24, 2016): 1650078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183116500789.

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In the active queue management (AQM) scheme, core routers cannot manage and constrain user datagram protocol (UDP) data flows by the sliding window control mechanism in the transport layer due to the nonresponsive nature of such traffic flows. However, the UDP traffics occupy a large part of the network service nowadays which brings a great challenge to the stability of the more and more complex networks. To solve the uncontrollable problem, this paper proposes a cross layers random early detection (CLRED) scheme, which can control the nonresponding UDP-like flows rate effectively when congestion occurs in the access point (AP). The CLRED makes use of the MAC frame acknowledgement (ACK) transmitting congestion information to the sources nodes and utilizes the back-off windows of the MAC layer throttling data rate. Consequently, the UDP-like flows data rate can be restrained timely by the sources nodes in order to alleviate congestion in the complex networks. The proposed CLRED can constrain the nonresponsive flows availably and make the communication expedite, so that the network can sustain stable. The simulation results of network simulator-2 (NS2) verify the proposed CLRED scheme.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Active queue management (AQM)'

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