Relevant bibliographies by topics / Active oxygen in the body

Academic literature on the topic 'Active oxygen in the body'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Active oxygen in the body"

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Stabentheiner, Auton, Jutta Vollmann, Helmut Kovac, and Karl Crailsheim. "Oxygen consumption and body temperature of active and resting honeybees." Journal of Insect Physiology 49, no. 9 (September 2003): 881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1910(03)00148-3.

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Rubalcaba, Juan G., Wilco C. E. P. Verberk, A. Jan Hendriks, Bart Saris, and H. Arthur Woods. "Oxygen limitation may affect the temperature and size dependence of metabolism in aquatic ectotherms." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 50 (November 30, 2020): 31963–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003292117.

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Both oxygen and temperature are fundamental factors determining metabolic performance, fitness, ecological niches, and responses of many aquatic organisms to climate change. Despite the importance of physical and physiological constraints on oxygen supply affecting aerobic metabolism of aquatic ectotherms, ecological theories such as the metabolic theory of ecology have focused on the effects of temperature rather than oxygen. This gap currently impedes mechanistic models from accurately predicting metabolic rates (i.e., oxygen consumption rates) of aquatic organisms and restricts predictions to resting metabolism, which is less affected by oxygen limitation. Here, we expand on models of metabolic scaling by accounting for the role of oxygen availability and temperature on both resting and active metabolic rates. Our model predicts that oxygen limitation is more likely to constrain metabolism in larger, warmer, and active fish. Consequently, active metabolic rates are less responsive to temperature than are resting metabolic rates, and metabolism scales to body size with a smaller exponent whenever temperatures or activity levels are higher. Results from a metaanalysis of fish metabolic rates are consistent with our model predictions. The observed interactive effects of temperature, oxygen availability, and body size predict that global warming will limit the aerobic scope of aquatic ectotherms and may place a greater metabolic burden on larger individuals, impairing their physiological performance in the future. Our model reconciles the metabolic theory with empirical observations of oxygen limitation and provides a formal, quantitative framework for predicting both resting and active metabolic rate and hence aerobic scope of aquatic ectotherms.
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Davies, Ronald W., and V. Kalarani. "Influence of Overwintering Stresses on Respiration Throughout the Life History of the Freshwater Leech, Nephelopsis obscura." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-096.

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The effects of overwintering stresses (low temperature, low oxygen concentration) on the life history patterns of activity-specific oxygen consumption by Nephelopsis obscura were determined using a flow-through respirometer system and compared with leeches hatched and maintained under summer conditions. While resting and active oxygen consumption increased with body dry weight, weight-specific resting (Rm) and active (Ra) oxygen consumption and aerobic scope (AS) decreased with increase in body weight in both winter and summer N. obscura. Rm in winter leeches was higher than in summer leeches, probably reflecting the higher metabolic costs of tissue repair and maintenance after winter stresses. Although Ra and AS in winter leeches were initially lower than in summer leeches, by stage 4, compensation in winter leeches was complete and by stage 6, over-compensation occurred. The effects of overwintering on oxygen consumption and AS persisted throughout the life history and help explain some of the differences in allocation of energy storage observed in winter and summer leeches.
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Froget, G., P. J. Butler, Y. Handrich, and A. J. Woakes. "Heart rate as an indicator of oxygen consumption: influence of body condition in the king penguin." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 12 (June 15, 2001): 2133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.12.2133.

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SUMMARY The use of heart rate to estimate field metabolic rate has become a more widely used technique. However, this method also has some limitations, among which is the possible impact that several variables such as sex, body condition (i.e. body fat stores) and/or inactivity might have on the relationship between heart rate and rate of oxygen consumption. In the present study, we investigate the extent to which body condition can affect the use of heart rate as an indicator of the rate of oxygen consumption. Twenty-two breeding king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) were exercised on a variable-speed treadmill. These birds were allocated to four groups according to their sex and whether or not they had been fasting. Linear regression equations were used to describe the relationship between heart rate and the rate of oxygen consumption for each group. There were significant differences between the regression equations for the four groups. Good relationships were obtained between resting and active oxygen pulses and an index of the body condition of the birds. Validation experiments on six courting king penguins showed that the use of a combination of resting oxygen pulse and active oxygen pulse gave the best estimate of the rate of oxygen consumption V̇O2. The mean percentage error between predicted and measured V̇O2 was only +0.81% for the six birds. We conclude that heart rate can be used to estimate rate of oxygen consumption in free-ranging king penguins even over a small time scale (30min). However, (i) the type of activity of the bird must be known and (ii) the body condition of the bird must be accurately determined. More investigations on the impact of fasting and/or inactivity on this relationship are required to refine these estimates further.
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KANG, SEUNG-ROK, YOUNG-CHOON LEE, CHUL-UN HONG, CHANG HO YU, and TAE-KYU KWON. "THE EFFECT OF MUSCLE STRENGTH AND AEROBIC FUNCTION IN THE ELDERLY ACCORDING TO EXERCISE LOAD PATTERN USING INDOOR SMALL CYCLING SYSTEM." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 18, no. 08 (December 2018): 1840040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519418400407.

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We were investigating the muscle strength and aerobic function effect on the aged according to active and passive load using compact cycle system. We recruited twenty old participants and they performed shoulder rotating, upper cycling and lower cycling exercise. We measured the muscular activity, respiratory gas analysis and body heat. The result of muscular activity showed that the passive load could cause muscular activity at 15.4–65.9% compared to active load. We thought that the passive exercise could provide the prevention of spasticity and maintain effect of remaining muscle function in the elderly by caused muscular activity over 50%. The result of oxygen consumption showed that it is the active exercise that used the bigger oxygen consumption at 42.4% during lower cycling. We thought that the active exercise used the big muscles of lower limbs including trunk muscles during lower cycling. The result of body temperature showed that it rises with increase in oxygen consumption and heart rate, and it increased the bigger for lower cycling. The foundation of this study could apply to fundamental research for developing exercise load of indoor rehabilitation exercise system with convenience and easy use to the elderly.
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Livak, P. E., Yu V. Poluhin, and A. V. Steshуts. "Active recreation: types and varieties of active tourism and their essence." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 7(152) (July 30, 2022): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.7(152).19.

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This article discusses various types of active tourism and analyzes their features. The necessity to go in for active sports, regardless of age and physical fitness, has been substantiated. It was revealed that tourist trips play an important role in the system of general training and hardening. Active tourism has many varieties, which allows you to practice at any time of the year. It was found that active tourism fosters moral and volitional attitudes of a person, and also improves his physical form and psychological state. Active tourism allows people to adapt to different conditions, travel long distances without feeling tired, and leave their comfort zone. After practicing active tourism, endurance, stamina, endurance of the body improves, due to which any physical work is done easily, and the body after it recovers faster. The work of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems improves, and oxygen is effectively used by the tissues of the body, muscles are strengthened and grown. Active tourism contributes to the improvement of the mental state. Such people have a much lower risk of depression. After class, they are more collected, patient, restrained and calm. Activities in active tourism prolong a person's active life even after retirement. Hiking trips are not only prevention, but can cure various diseases. It was found that real health is achieved through the gradual accustoming of the body to changes in the environment. Active tourism is an effective means of forming, developing and improving a healthy and tempered person. A high level of development of motor abilities underlies the success of mastering various motor actions, which is an important component of health indicators. Active tourism contains skills, abilities and knowledge that can be used in everyday life, it is also useful for the prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, colds. In the process of regular training, various motor abilities are developed based on the age characteristics of a person: speed of movements, coordination, endurance and flexibility; vital skills are acquired, muscle strength increases, etc. Active tourism broadens one's horizons, enriches spiritual life and is an excellent means for learning about the world around and developing one’s body.
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Chung, Young-Hoon, Soo Jin Kim, Dong Young Chung, Hee Young Park, Yung-Eun Sung, Sung Jong Yoo, and Jong Hyun Jang. "Third-body effects of native surfactants on Pt nanoparticle electrocatalysts in proton exchange fuel cells." Chemical Communications 51, no. 14 (2015): 2968–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc09019e.

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The third-body effect of oleylamine could enhance the oxygen reduction reaction of Pt nanoparticles in the presence of specifically adsorbed anions despite the quite small electrochemical surface active area.
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Jabbour, Georges, Melanie Henderson, Angelo Tremblay, and Marie Eve Mathieu. "Aerobic Fitness Indices of Children Differed Not by Body Weight Status but by Level of Engagement in Physical Activity." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 12, no. 6 (June 2015): 854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2013-0337.

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Objective:Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) improves aerobic fitness in children, which is usually assessed by maximal oxygen consumption. However, other indices of aerobic fitness have been understudied.Methods:To compare net oxygen (VO2net), net energy consumption (Enet), net mechanical efficiency (MEnet), and lipid oxidation rate in active and inactive children across body weight statuses.Design:The sample included normal-weight, overweight, and obese children of whom 44 are active (≥30 min of MVPA/d) and 41 are inactive (<30 min of MVPA/d). VO2net, Enet, MEnet and lipid oxidation rate were determined during an incremental maximal cycling test.Results:Active obese participants had significantly lower values of VO2net and Enet and higher MEnet than inactive obese participants at all load stages. In addition, active obese participants showed a significantly higher lipid oxidation rate compared with inactive obese and active overweight and normal-weight participants. VO2net, Enet, and MEnet were similar across active children, regardless of body weight status.Conclusion:Thirty minutes or more of MVPA per day is associated with a potentiation of aerobic fitness indicators in obese prepubertal children. Moreover, the indices of aerobic fitness of inactive obese children are significantly different from those of active obese and nonobese ones.
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Stathokostas, Liza, John M. Kowalchuk, Robert J. Petrella, and Donald H. Paterson. "Maximal and submaximal aerobic fitness in postmenopausal women: influence of hormone-replacement therapy." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 33, no. 5 (October 2008): 922–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h08-070.

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The purpose of this study was to examine whether maximal and submaximal aerobic fitness parameters (peak oxygen consumption and ventilatory threshold, respectively) are affected by hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) in moderately active postmenopausal women. Forty healthy, active, postmenopausal women (21 taking HRT, mean age 62 ± 5 years; 19 not taking HRT, mean age 62 ± 7 years) met the peak oxygen consumption criteria during a cycle ergometer test (15 W ramp) and achieved volitional fatigue. Breath-by-breath measurement was used to determine peak oxygen consumption and to estimate ventilatory threshold. There were no differences in characteristics (age, body mass, height, body mass index, leisure-time physical activity) between the non-HRT and HRT groups, nor were there any differences in responses to maximal exercise, with an observed peak oxygen consumption (mL·kg–1·min–1) of 22.9 ± 3.8 in the non-HRT group and 22.0 ± 4.7 in the HRT group. There was also no difference in submaximal aerobic capacity, with ventilatory threshold values (mL·kg–1·min–1) of 16.7 ± 3.4 in the non-HRT group and 15.6 ± 3.2 in the HRT group. In a sample of healthy moderately active postmenopausal women, there was no difference in maximal or submaximal aerobic fitness parameters beteen the HRT and non-HRT groups.
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Willems, Mark E. T., Milena Banic, Roseanna Cadden, and Lara Barnett. "Enhanced Walking-Induced Fat Oxidation by New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract Is Body Composition-Dependent in Recreationally Active Adult Females." Nutrients 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071475.

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New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract enhanced cycling-induced fat oxidation in female endurance athletes. We examined in recreationally active females the effects of NZBC extract on physiological and metabolic responses by moderate-intensity walking and the relationship of fat oxidation changes with focus on body composition parameters. Twelve females (age: 21 ± 2 y, BMI: 23.6 ± 3.1 kg·m−2) volunteered. Bioelectrical bioimpedance analysis was used for body composition measurements. Resting metabolic equivalent (1-MET) was 3.31 ± 0.66 mL·kg−1·min−1. Participants completed an incremental walking test with oxygen uptake measurements to individualize the treadmill walking speed at 5-MET. In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design, the 30 min morning walks were in the same phase of each participant’s menstrual cycle. No changes by NZBC extract were observed for walking-induced heart rate, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, and carbon dioxide production. NZBC extract enhanced fat oxidation (10 responders, range: 10–66%). There was a significant correlation for changes in fat oxidation with body mass index; body fat% in legs, arms, and trunk; and a trend with fat oxidation at rest but not with body mass and habitual anthocyanin intake. The NZBC extract responsiveness of walking-induced fat oxidation is body composition-dependent and higher in young-adult females with higher body fat% in legs, arms, and trunk.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Active oxygen in the body"

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Gutowski, Mariusz. "Molecular detection and characterisation of biologically relevant free radicals during surgical ischaemia-reperfusion." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2011. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/molecular-detection-and-charcaterisation-of-biologically-relevant-free-radicals-during-surgical-ischaemiareperfusion(016f6447-5d02-45f7-a543-8b880148dc23).html.

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Oxygen is one of the most important molecules in human beings. Our research is focused on how the human body can respond and adapt to the physiological challenge posed by a lack of oxygen. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is one of the most important and considered the most effective water-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidant in human plasma, with the capacity to prevents damage by free radicals. This thesis presents four studies investigating the phenomenon of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation in the many different surgical conditions in the animal and in the human. Study one investigated the geometry and thermodynamic properties of vitamin C. Calculations were carried out at the restricted and unrestricted B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p), B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and B3LYP/EPR-II levels for two conformers (1 and 2) of L-ascorbic acid and their respective oxidation products to monodehydroascorbates of ab-initio methods by Gaussian O3W package. Conformer 1, free radical properties are compared with previously published calculations in the gaseous and aqueous solution states and with experimental EPR values. Calculated molecular structures, EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy), the vibration spectral and energetic properties and all are reported including some proposed changes to previous EPR assignments. Conformer 2 of L-ascorbic acid is predicted to have lower energy than Conformer 1, under the method and basis sets used, by between 11 and 26 kJ mol-1 and is stabilised by internal hydrogen bonding. Relaxed potential energy surface (PES) scans were carried out for two proton transfer processes and relative energies of stable minima and barriers between them determined. Hydrogen transfer is predicted in two systems with favourable spatial arrangements of O–H and O groups for which relaxed potential energy surface scans are reported. Calculated vibrational wavenumber values are provided for selected C=C, C=O, C–H and O–H modes assigned to particular groups and significant calculated EPR hyperfine coupling constants (HCC) values for splitting by H(1) and C(13) for radical species are also reported. These calculations contribute to a better understanding of the complex role of L-ascorbic acid and its various oxidised, neutral, ionic and radical forms in biochemistry and medicine. Study two examined if vitamin C could ameliorate the damaging effects of I-R on myocardium and we postulated that the mechanism of vitamin C protection against iii I-R-induced cell death involved quenching of ROS. In the vitamin C group after 5 min of reperfusion a significant, sudden increase of diastolic pressure in the heart was noted and reached a maximum of 77 mmHg after 12 min of reperfusion and then gradually decreased to 51 mmHg after 60 min of reperfusion period but was quicker than in Control group reaching 37 mmHg by the end of the reperfusion period. The level of A·− (ascorbate free radicals) sudden and massive increased at the time of reperfusion in the Vitamin C group. This increase was associated with poor mechanical function in hearts as indicated by the significantly depressed recovery process. After 30 min of global, now-flow ischaemia and 60min of reperfusion infarct size averaged 33% ± 1 in Control group and 30 % ± 1 in Vitamin C group, respectively, (P<0.05). There is strong evidence that oxygen centered radicals contribute to postischaemic dysfunction after global ischaemia. Our data unquestionably suggest that the large production of A·− was associated with a greater depression in myocardial contractile function, therefore could represent a marker of oxidative stress during I-R and could be related to the functional impairment during reperfusion. In summary, we have used the animal models of isolated heart perfusion to provide evidence that vitamin C did not reduce the infarct size, however “tendency” towards a decrease (↓) in infarct size with ascorbate and it protects from oxidative damage during global I-R as manifested by decreased concentrations of A·− and enhance recovery of mechanical function such as diastolic pressure and LVDP in postischaemic working rat hearts. Study three was designed to test the hypothesis that the physiological trauma associated with venous cannulation may artefactually stimulate systemic free radical formation in the acute phase that if not accounted for may under-estimate the oxidative stress response to exercise. The relationship between the time of venepuncture and the level of free radical generation during normoxic conditions was further investigated. The venous cannulation in Phase I, increased plasma A·− by 347 ± 173 AU/√G, P <0.05 after 2min of venepuncture with further increases observed after 5min and 10min of venous cannulation, respectively (403 ± 178 AU/√G; 462 ± 93 AU/√G, P < 0.05) vs baseline point time. After this time the level of A·− slightly blunted as to achieve a similar level to baseline point control after 30 minutes. In phase II the exerciseinduced increase in A·− was subsequently shown to be 48% greater (30min as opposed to the 2min post-cannulation resting baseline)(1754 ± 361 vs. 1979 ± 375 AU, P <0.05). Our findings demonstrate and confirm that venous cannulation per se stimulates iv the systemic formation of free radicals as an acute phase response which peaks at 10min and require approximately 15min to normalise. This has important interpretive implications for future studies that employ catheterisation. The final Study examined if the combination of exercise and inspiratory hypoxia would further compound regional tissue de-oxygenation that is frequently encountered during the ischaemic phase of surgery and thus, by consequence increase oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to further understand a potential relationship between oxidative stress and alterations in muscle oxygenation. Clear significant increases in the plasma concentration of A·− were detected in the peripheral blood of patients (normoxia(baseline) vs 6 data points of reperfusion after 5min of global ischaemic condition, P<0.05),(baseline vs immediate after ischaemia; 2337±525 vs 2633±508, AU, respectively). During global ischaemia the regional muscle oxygenation significantly decreased (↓∆O2Hb-oxyhaemoglobin), ↑∆HHb- deoxyhaemoglobin ), although increased regional blood volume (↑∆tHb- total haemoglobin). From the end of global ischaemia to 10 min after the regional muscle oxygenation progressively back to the start data point (↓∆HHb, ↑∆O2Hb). This study demonstrates for the first time that the I-R has got a big influence on the muscle oxygenation to increased ROS and the return of values towards baseline period in reperfusion stage appears to coincide with increased oxidative stress. Moreover, the present study has also demonstrated increased A·− level as early as the ischaemic phase of experiment independent of perioperative changes in the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), elucidate a potentially important role for oxidative stress in provoking an appropriate vasodilation (NO-bioavailability) during the I-R period. This work demonstrates that; - Ascorbate is an antioxidant that can scavenge tissue and blood borne free radical, is essential in controlled amounts and is capable of initiating protective adaptation in the face of oxidative stress for the maintenance of physiological homeostasis. - Reperfusion is always associated with a sudden and massive release of ascorbate free radicals, with a maximal liberation within the first minutes of reperfusion. Vitamin C tended to reduce infarct size and protects from oxidative damage during global ischaemia and reperfusion. - The venous cannulation alone is enough per se stimulates the systemic formation of free radicals as a acute phase response. If this baseline artefact is not taken into account, the true magnitude of the exercise-induced oxidative stress response will be under-estimated.
The I-R has got a major influence on the muscle oxygenation to increased ROS and the return of values towards baseline period in reperfusion stage appears to coincide with increased oxidative stress. Using the state-of-the-art molecular techniques that include Electron Paramagnetic Spectroscopy (EPR) for the direct detection of free radicals and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for the direct detection of muscle oxygenation these studies have attempted to translate the basic mechanisms associated with free radical formation during I-R and have provided unique insight into the basic mechanisms responsible for the oxidative stress with the ultimate objective of developing novel antioxidant interventions that can provide effective prophylaxis.
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McConnell, Paul S. "Green tea antioxidants inhibition of oxidation and mutation." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2052.

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Van, Reyk David Marc. "Oxidative phenomena in T lymphocyte activation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27622.

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Murine lymph node cells (LNC) were used as model for the assessment of a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in T lymphocyte activation. When 2’7’- dichlorofluorescin (DCFHz) is oxidised it becomes the fluorescent compound dichlorofluorescein. Analysis of DCFHz-loaded LNC by flow cytometry identified an increase in DCFH2 oxidation upon stimulation with a mitogenic dose of the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate. This could also be seen, although to a lesser extent, with a mitogenic dose of the lectin concanavalin A. The phorbol ester-induced increase in DCFH2 oxidation was inhibited by chelerythrine and desferrioxamine (the latter at concentrations lower than that required for maximal inhibition of lymphoproliferation in vitro), indicating a role in DCFHZ oxidation for protein kinase C and iron, respectively. Analysis of LNC prelabelled with an antibody against a pan-T lymphocyte marker, Thy-1, established that phorbol ester treatment of LNC induces an increase in DCFHZ oxidation in murine T lymphocytes. The inhibition of DCFH2 oxidation in LNC by superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione/glutathione peroxidase suggested that the source of oxidants may have been B lymphocytes and/or phagocytic cells within the population and that the oxidation in T lymphocytes essentially represented a "bystander effect". This was supported by preliminary studies where there was little or no response to phorbol ester stimulation in DCFHz-loaded LNC from mice lacking a functional NADPH oxidase (gp91Ph0X gene knockout mice). Studies of cell-free oxidation of DCFH2 demonstrated that the fluorogen could be oxidised by peroxyl radicals from either chemical (2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride) or enzymatic (soybean lipoxygenase) sources. Finally, the role of iron in T lymphocyte activation was investigated using the iron chelators desferrioxamine and a set of novel pyridoxal-based compounds. The novel iron chelators were of comparable or greater potency compared to desferrioxamine with regard to inhibition of lymphoproliferation in vitro. Time course studies confirmed previous reports by showing that a major target of iron chelators in activated T lymphocytes are events late in G1 or at the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. These studies: highlight the technical difficulties of assaying oxidant production using mixed populations of cells; support the notion that DCFH2 is a general target for radical-mediated oxidation; and confirm a critical role for iron in DNA synthesis in activated T lymphocytes.
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Wright, Paul F. A. "Systemic oxidant stress and its effects on hepatotoxicity /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw952.pdf.

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Rogers, Colin Brian Schwartz Dean D. "Heat stress and ischemia/reperfusion cause oxidative stress via NADPH oxidase in hypothalamic neurons." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1683.

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Kalghatgi, Sameer Ulhas Friedman Gary. "Mechanisms of interaction of non-thermal plasma with living cells /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3208.

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Thrash, Bessy Suppiramaniam Vishnu Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan. "Neuroprotection against methamphetamine induced neurotoxicity applications for Parkinson's disease /." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1718.

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Lee, Sansan. "The effects of knocking down ROS detoxification enzymes on the Caenorhabditis elegans mutants clk-1(qm30) and isp-1(qm150) /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101597.

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Caenorhabditis elegans clk-1(qm30) and isp-1(qm150) mutants exhibit highly pleiotropic phenotypes that include slow development and long lifespan. clk-1(qm30) and isp-1(qm150) correspond to loss of function mutations in genes necessary for ubiquinone biosynthesis and complex III electron transport, respectively. Previous research has lead to the hypothesis that altered levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) may underlie clk-1(qm30) and isp-1(qm150) mutant phenotypes. To test this hypothesis RNA interference (RNAi) by feeding was used to indirectly alter cellular ROS levels by knocking down genes that encode ROS detoxification enzymes. Specifically, genes that detoxify ROS using glutathione or thioredoxin, both of which are important cellular thiol-redox molecules, were knocked down to examine the role of ROS in determining clk-1(qm30) and isp-1(qm150) lifespan, post-embryonic development, and germline development. In summary, knocking down ROS detoxification genes does not severely appear to affect the phenotypes that were studied. ROS detoxification gene knockdowns consistently induced mild decreases in wild type, clk-1(qm30), and isp-1(qm150) lifespan. However, knocking down NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which are not closely involved in ROS detoxification, similarly affected lifespan, indicating that decreases are not specific to ROS detoxification. Of note, knocking down gcs-1, which is required for glutathione biosynthesis, induced lethal intestinal abnormalities in wild type, c1k-1(qm30), and isp-1(qm150) worms. Overall, findings do not support that low ROS underlies the clk-1(qm30) and isp-1(qm150) mutant phenotypes.
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Mohammed, Warda. "Optimizing Sample Dissolution Methods of Low Water Soluble Intermediate Organic Compounds to Support Environmental Risk Assessment during Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Manufacturing." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-93416.

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This project focus on investigating the dissolution of low water-soluble intermediate organic compounds called active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and organic substances that are manufactured by a pharmaceutical company, Cambrex Karlskoga in Sweden. Several dissolution methods were used and evaluated using methods including total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and Microtox toxicity test. The selection of solvents were based on previous studies and specifications from the Swedish Institute of Standards, SIS.The performance of eight solvents for different organic substances were evaluated using the above mentioned methods. Solvents that are highly volatile and have low solubility in water were excluded. Therefore, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF) and Pluronic F-68, that had highest water solubility, low acute toxicity and not degradable by microorganisms, were further used to dissolve four organic substances. Furthermore, DMSO and DMF were then also used to dissolve four censored chemicals with addition of physical treatment and solvent mixtures (DMF:DMSO with ratio 1:2).Results from each method were discussed and statistical tests were also performed in order to compare different dissolution methods. In addition, quality control and quality assurance were made in order to ensure the quality of measured values from analytical methods. Four organic substances were dissolve in DMSO, DMF and Pluronic F-68 with dissolution ≥79% using six ratios of DMSO and DMF and five ratios of Pluronic F-68 which were analyzed using TOC. Physical treatment increased dissolution of two APIs with 40%. Using BOD, para-aminobenzonic acid (PABA) and 5-nitroisophthalic acid (5-NIPA) had values higher than the guideline values, which indicate high biodegradability of these organic substances. PABA, 5-NIPA and bupivacaine base were acute toxic where PABA showed EC50 values of 27.9 mg/L using DMSO and 36.0 mg/L using DMF, and EC50 values of 5-NIPA were 102 mg/L using DMSO and 84.0 mg/L using DMF, and bupivacaine base had EC50 value of 174 mg/L using solvent mixture (DMF:DMSO with ratio 1:2). With increasing amount of Pluronic F-68, 5-NIPA had increased values of EC50, thereby Pluronic F-68 was not appropriate to use.In conclusion, DMSO and DMF were most appropriate solvents to use in order to dissolve APIs and organic substances with analyte: DMSO ratio of 1:0.5 and analyte: DMF ratio of 1:0.25. In addition, physical treatment could be used in order to increase dissolution of the APIs.
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Kristovich, Robert Lee. "Chemistry and toxicology of respirable airborne particulates." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1100898370.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 260 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 242-260).
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Books on the topic "Active oxygen in the body"

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International Workshop on Oxygen Free Radicals in Shock (1985 Florence, Italy). Oxygen free radicals in shock. Edited by Novelli Gian Paolo and Ursini F. Basel ; New York: Karger, 1986.

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K, Sen Chandan, Packer Lester, and Hänninen Osmo, eds. Exercise and oxygen toxicity. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994.

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Elstner, Erich. Der Sauerstoff: Biochemie, Biologie, Medizin. Mannheim: BI-Wissenschaftsverlag, 1990.

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Lester, Packer, ed. Oxygen radicals in biological systems. San Diego: Academic Press, 1994.

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International Conference on Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutase (4th 1985 Rome, Italy). Superoxide and superoxide dismutase in chemistry, biology, and medicine: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutase, held in Rome, Italy, 1-6 September 1985. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1986.

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Afanasʹev, Igor B. Superoxide ion: Chemistry and biological implications. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.

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Th, Vanden Driessche, Guisset J. -L, and Petiau-de Vries G. M, eds. The redox state and circadian rhythms. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2000.

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Symons, M. C. R. Free radicals and iron: Chemistry, biology, and medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Szydłowski, Eugeniusz. Wpływ wysiłku fizycznego na proces peroksydacji lipidów i aktywność enzymów antyoksydacyjnych u osób zdrowych. Poznań: Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego, 1994.

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Enrique, Cadenas, and Packer Lester, eds. Understanding the process of aging: The roles of mitochondria, free radicals, and antioxidants. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Active oxygen in the body"

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Lahiri, S., D. F. Wilson, S. Osanai, A. Mokashi, and D. G. Buerk. "Photochemical Action Spectra, Not Absorption Spectra, Allow Identification of the Oxygen Sensor in the Carotid Body." In Frontiers in Arterial Chemoreception, 65–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5891-0_8.

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Iversen, Patrick L. "Active Oxygen Defenses." In Molecular Basis of Resilience, 195–222. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98164-2_9.

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Overholt, Jeffrey L., Eckhard Ficker, Tianen Yang, Hashim Shams, Gary R. Bright, and Nanduri R. Prabhakar. "Chemosensing at the Carotid Body." In Oxygen Sensing, 241–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46825-5_22.

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Aust, Steven D., Craig E. Thomas, Lee A. Morehouse, Morio Saito, and John R. Bucher. "Active Oxygen and Toxicity." In Biological Reactive Intermediates III, 513–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5134-4_49.

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Cerutti, Peter A. "Active Oxygen and Promotion." In Arachidonic Acid Metabolism and Tumor Promotion, 131–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2605-2_7.

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Wilson, D. F., S. M. Evans, C. Rozanov, A. Roy, C. J. Koch, K. M. Laughlin, and S. Lahiri. "Intracellular PO2 of the Carotid Body." In Oxygen Sensing, 637–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46825-5_62.

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Jones, James F. X. "Aortic Body Chemoreflex of the Anaesthetized Rat." In Oxygen Sensing, 789–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46825-5_79.

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Ho, Raymond Y. N., Joel F. Liebman, and Joan Selverstone Valentine. "Overview of the Energetics and Reactivity of Oxygen." In Active Oxygen in Chemistry, 1–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0874-7_1.

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Walling, Cheves. "Autoxidation." In Active Oxygen in Chemistry, 24–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0874-7_2.

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Bielski, Benon H. J., and Diane E. Cabelli. "Superoxide and Hydroxyl Radical Chemistry in Aqueous Solution." In Active Oxygen in Chemistry, 66–104. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0874-7_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Active oxygen in the body"

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Bardy, Erik R., Joseph C. Mollendorf, and David R. Pendergast. "Active Heating/Cooling Requirements for Divers in Water at Varying Temperatures." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32226.

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The active heating/cooling requirements to thermally sustain a human subject submerged in 10, 20, 30 and 40 °C water was measured using a system that circulated water through a zoned tubesuit garment. Water at 30 °C was circulated through the garment at a flow rate of about 0.5 L/min to each of six body regions and the outlet temperatures were measured. In addition, skin and core temperature, heat flux, and oxygen consumption was measured. The subject wore either a 6.5 mm or a 3 mm foam neoprene wetsuit. Body temperatures and heat fluxes reached steady state after 30–90 minutes and the immersions lasted 2–4 hours and core and skin temperatures remained within set thermal limits. In both wetsuits there was a linear correlation between the thermal exchange of the tubesuit and water temperature. While in the 6.5 mm wetsuit −214 to 242 W of heating (−) or cooling (+) was necessary in 10 to 40 °C water, respectively. While wearing the 3 mm wetsuit −462 to 342 W was necessary in 10 to 40 °C water, respectively. It was therefore concluded that a subject can be kept in thermal balance and comfort in 10–40 °C water with active heating/cooling.
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Lei, Hu, and Li Yi. "A Novel BOD Sensor Immobilized Active Sludge Bacteria for Rapid Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand in Industrial Wastewater." In 2009 International Conference on Energy and Environment Technology. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceet.2009.331.

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Nandikolla, Vidya K., Marco P. Schoen, and Ajay Mahajan. "Active Foot Pressure Control for Diabetic Neuropathy During Walking." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79783.

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Diabetic Mellitus is a disease caused either due to insufficient insulin produced by the pancreas or the body cells are unable to use the existing insulin. One of the main complications associated with diabetics is neuropathy, which is caused due to complete or partial loss of sensation in the feet and legs that lead to problems like inadequate delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the foot, which will cause healing impairment. In diabetic neuropathic subject, the hardness of foot sole soft tissue gives rise to plantar ulcer development. In this work, a biomechanical model is used to study the plantar distribution of forces in the foot. The dynamic foot pressure distribution during walking is used to carry out a stress analysis. This includes the motion of heel strike, mid-stance, and push off section of the feet during walking. A control strategy is proposed to mitigate the high stress concentration occurring during the walking phase. The control strategy includes a synergy of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference controller and for comparison an optimal controller. The actuation is simulated through an external shoe insert. The three-dimensional multi-segment biomechanical model is used in conjunction with experimental data gathered from various literatures for simulation purposes of the proposed control strategy. The proposed intelligent controller focuses on stresses generated by the foot pressure distribution during walking and compares these with stress levels of healthy subjects. The insert changes its shape accordingly to redistribute the pressure levels at various regions so to achieve a pressure distribution equivalent to a healthy subject. It is assumed that the insert can actuate and measure the pressure distribution simultaneously. This could be achieved using smart materials for the shoe insert. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and approach.
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Akseki, Ilgaz, Christopher F. Libordi, and Cetin Cetinkaya. "Non-Contact Acoustic Techniques for Drug Tablet Monitoring." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13940.

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Quality assurance monitoring and material characterization is of great importance in the pharmaceutical industry. If the tablet coating and/or core are defective, the desired dose delivery and bioavailability can be compromised. Tablet coatings serve a wide variety of purposes such as regulating controlled release of active ingredients in the body, contributing to the bioavailability of a particular drug or combination of drugs, during certain times and locations within the body, protecting the stomach from high concentrations of active ingredients, extending the shelf life by protecting the ingredients from degradation from moisture and oxygen, and improving the tablet's visual appeal. If a coating layer is non-uniform and/or contains surface or sub-surface defects, the desired dose delivery and bioavailability can be compromised. The Food and Drug Administration has initiated a program named the Process Analytical Technology (PAT) in order to ensure efficient quality monitoring at each stage of the manufacturing process by the integration of analytical systems into the procedure. Improving consistency and predictability of tablet action by improving quality and uniformity of tablets is required. An ideal technique for quality monitoring would be non-invasive, non-destructive, rapid, intrinsically safe and cost-effective. The objective of the current investigation was to develop, non-contact/non-destructive techniques for monitoring and evaluating drug tablets for mechanical defects such as coating layer irregularities, internal cracks and delamination using a laser-acoustic approach. In the proposed system, a pulsed laser is utilized to generate non-contact mechanical excitations and interferometric detection of transient vibrations of the drug tablets. Three novel methods to excite vibration in drug tablets are developed and employed: (i) a vibration plate excited by a pulsed-laser, (ii) pulsed laser-induced plasma expansion, and (iii) an air-coupled acoustic transducer. Nanometer-scale transient surface displacements of the drug tablets are measured using the laser interferometer. Signal processing techniques are then applied to these transient displacement responses to differentiate the defective tablets from the nominal ones. From the analysis of frequency spectra and the time-frequency spectrograms obtained under both mechanisms, it can be concluded that defective tablets can be effectively differentiated from the nominal ones.
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Lee, Sang-Jun, and Youn-Jea Kim. "Dependence of Ice Thickness on the Performance of Medicated Water Electrolysis Apparatus." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-14013.

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Medicated water electrolysis apparatus, which electrolyzes water into acidic water and alkaline water, was in the spotlight as the effect of alkaline water was became known. It is known to have a positive effect for health as removing active oxygen in the human’s body and promoting digestion. But, the customers could not get their desired water temperature due to the fact that these apparatuses are directly connected with water pipe. So, the cooling system to control the temperature of the alkaline water was developed. One of the typical way is to store water in water tank and control its temperature. But, in this way, stored water can be polluted by impurities entering from outside. As the protection for this pollution, the cooling system based on indirect heat exchange method through phase change between water and ice was developed. In this study, we have calculated the efficiency of the cooling system with phase change by experiment and commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code, ANSYS CFX. To consider the effect of latent heat generated by the melting ice, we have simulated two phase numerical analyses by using enthalpy method and found the temperature, velocity, and ice mass distribution, which are required to calculate the efficiency of cooling system. From the results, we obtained the relationship between the cooling efficiency and the thickness of ice, which is created by evaporator located in the cooling system.
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Chivukula, VenkatKeshav, Jia Lu, and Sarah C. Vigmostad. "RBC Modeling Using NURBS Based Isogeometric Analysis." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80532.

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The Red Blood Cell(RBC) is the transporter of oxygen to the entire human body via the circulatory system. Its journey spans across pathways which step down orders of magnitude; from large arteries which are O(cm) to tiny capillaries which are O(μm). This four-fold reduction in the diameters of the circulatory pathways necessitates the RBC to be extremely deformable. One of the most intriguing facets of the RBC is that it achieves this extreme deformability with ease; and also with a very minimal area dilatation[1]. Modeling the RBC has been an active area of research since the 1950’s. However, conventional methods to model RBCs rely on simplistic Finite Element Methods(FEM) involving mostly triangular elements. The extreme deformability of the RBCs mandate the use of a large number of elements, usually O(thousands) to accurately resolve and visualize the motion of an RBC [2], which is biconcave when unstressed and assumes myriad shapes as it travels through the microcirculation. The extremely large number of elements per cell makes the calculations highly computationally intensive for a single cell alone. This becomes particularly important when attempting to simulate the motion of a large number of cells, leading to a very computationally intensive simulation. The current paper proposes a novel method to analyze and resolve the RBC as a smooth entity using greatly reduced number of elements for resolution. This approach is based on exploiting the properties of Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) surfaces [3]. The results obtained from utilizing the NURBS surfaces can be considered to be a more realistic representation of the behavior of the RBC. Though this article specifically deals with the RBC, it can be applied to a deformable cell of any shape.
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Matsumoto, Hiroyuki, Mikihiko Matsuoka, and Kazutoshi Noda. "Active oxygen detection using Quartz Crystal Microbalance method under inductively coupled oxygen plasma." In 2008 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2008.4694461.

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Al Rasyid, M. Udin Harun, Bih-Hwang Lee, and Amang Sudarsono. "Wireless body area network for monitoring body temperature, heart beat and oxygen in blood." In 2015 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isitia.2015.7219960.

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Youngkyu Jang, Ik-Joon Chang, Jinsang Kim, and Seungjoo Lee. "SEU-tolerant active body-bias inverter." In 2014 International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isocc.2014.7087623.

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Martinez-Cantin, Ruben, Manuel Lopes, and Luis Montesano. "Body schema acquisition through active learning." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robot.2010.5509406.

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Reports on the topic "Active oxygen in the body"

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Vuruskan, Arzu, and Susan P. Ashdown. Fit Analyses of Bicycle Clothing in Active Body Poses. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1343.

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O'Neal, Mike, Kiran Balagani, Vir Phoha, Andrew Rosenberg, Abdul Serwadda, and Md E. Karim. Context-Aware Active Authentication using Touch Gestures, Typing Patterns and Body Movement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1005650.

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Vuruskan, Arzu, and Susan Ashdown. Development of Half Scale Dress Forms in Active Body Positions for Bicycle Clothing Design and Fit. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-10.

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Nikolla, Eranda. Final Report: Nanostructured, Targeted Layered Metal Oxides as Active and Selective Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Electrocatalysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1763600.

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Palioca, Wayne. The effect of body temperature on arteriovenous oxygen difference during rest and activity in the toad, Bufo marinus. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5613.

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Lashier, M. An investigation of active and selective oxygen in vanadium phosphorus oxide catalysts for n-butane conversion to maleic anhydride. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6944921.

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Cahaner, Avigdor, Sacit F. Bilgili, Orna Halevy, Roger J. Lien, and Kellye S. Joiner. effects of enhanced hypertrophy, reduced oxygen supply and heat load on breast meat yield and quality in broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699855.bard.

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Original objectivesThe objectives of this project were to evaluate the growth performance, meat yield and quality attributes of broiler strains widely differing in their genetic potential under normal temperature vs. warm temperature (short and long-term) conditions. Strain differences in breast muscle accretion rate, metabolic responses under heat load and, gross and histopathological changes in breast muscle under thermal load was also to be characterized. BackgroundTremendous genetic progress has been made in broiler chicken growth rate and meat yield since the 1950s. Higher growth rate is driven by higher rates of feed intake and metabolism, resulting in elevated internal heat production. Hot rearing conditions negatively affect broiler growth by hindering dissipation of heat and may lead to a lethal elevation in body temperature. To avoid heat-induced mortality, broilers reduce feed intake, leading to depressed growth rate, lower weight gain, reduce breast meat yield and quality. Thus, the genetic potential of contemporary commercial broilers (CCB) is not fully expressed under hot conditions. Major conclusions, solutions, and achievementsResearch conducted in Israel focused on three broiler strains – CCB, Featherless, Feathered sibs (i.e., sharing similar genetic background). Complimentary research trials conducted at Auburn utilized CCB (Cobb 500, Cobb 700, Ross 308, Ross 708), contrasting their performance to slow growing strains. Warm rearing conditions consistently reduced feed intake, growth rate, feed efficiency, body weight uniformity and breast muscle yield, especially pronounced with CCB and magnified with age. Breast meat quality was also negatively affected, as measured by higher drip loss and paler meat color. Exposure to continuous or short-term heat stress induced respiratory alkalosis. Breast muscle histomorphometrics confirmed enhanced myofiber hypertrophy in CCB. Featherless broilers exhibited a significant increase in blood-vessel density under warm conditions. Rapid growth and muscle accretion rate was correlated to various myopathies (white striping, woody and necrotic) as well as to increases in plasma creatinekinase levels. Whether the trigger(s) of muscle damage is loss of cellular membrane integrity due to oxidative damage or tissue lactate accumulation, or to loss of inter-compartmental cation homeostasis is yet to be determined. Based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping, identification of the gene with the recessive mutation Scaleless (sc) facilitated the development a dCAPS assay to discriminate between sc carrier (sc/+) and non-carrier (+/+) individuals. ImplicationsThis project confirmed that featherless broiler strains grow efficiently with high yield and quality of breast meat, even under warm rearing conditions that significantly depress the overall performance of CCB. Therefore, broiler meat production in hot regions and climates can be substantially improved by introducing the featherless gene into contemporary commercial broiler stocks. This approach has become more feasible with the development of dCAPS assay. A novel modification of the PCR protocol (using whole blood samples instead of extracted DNA) may contribute to the efficient development of commercial featherless broiler strains. Such strains will allow expansion of the broiler meat production in developing countries in warm climates, where energy intensive environmental control of rearing facilities are not economical and easily achievable.
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Elmann, Anat, Orly Lazarov, Joel Kashman, and Rivka Ofir. therapeutic potential of a desert plant and its active compounds for Alzheimer's Disease. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7597913.bard.

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We chose to focus our investigations on the effect of the active forms, TTF and AcA, rather than the whole (crude) extract. 1. To establish cultivation program designed to develop lead cultivar/s (which will be selected from the different Af accessions) with the highest yield of the active compounds TTF and/or achillolide A (AcA). These cultivar/s will be the source for the purification of large amounts of the active compounds when needed in the future for functional foods/drug development. This task was completed. 2. To determine the effect of the Af extract, TTF and AcA on neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress in cultured neurons expressing FAD-linked mutants.Compounds were tested in N2a neuroblastoma cell line. In addition, we have tested the effects of TTF and AcA on signaling events promoted by H₂O₂ in astrocytes and by β-amyloid in neuronal N2a cells. 3. To determine the effect of the Af extract, TTF and AcA on neuropathology (amyloidosis and tau phosphorylation) in cultured neurons expressing FAD-linked mutants. 4. To determine the effect of A¦ extract, AcA and TTF on FAD-linked neuropathology (amyloidosis, tau phosphorylation and inflammation) in transgenic mice. 5. To examine whether A¦ extract, TTF and AcA can reverse behavioral deficits in APPswe/PS1DE9 mice, and affect learning and memory and cognitive performance in these FAD-linked transgenic mice. Background to the topic.Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and amyloid beta (Ab) toxicity are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's diseases. We have previously purified from Achilleafragrantissimatwo active compounds: a protective flavonoid named 3,5,4’-trihydroxy-6,7,3’-trimethoxyflavone (TTF, Fl-72/2) and an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenelactone named achillolide A (AcA). Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. In this study we could show that TTF and AcA protected cultured astrocytes from H₂O₂ –induced cell death via interference with cell signaling events. TTF inhibited SAPK/JNK, ERK1/2, MEK1 and CREBphosphorylation, while AcA inhibited only ERK1/2 and MEK1 phosphorylation. In addition to its protective activities, TTF had also anti-inflammatory activities, and inhibited the LPS-elicited secretion of the proinflammatorycytokinesInterleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1b from cultured microglial cells. Moreover, TTF and AcA protected neuronal cells from glutamate and Abcytotoxicity by reducing the glutamate and amyloid beta induced levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and via interference with cell signaling events induced by Ab. These compounds also reduced amyloid precursor protein net processing in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease and improvedperformance in the novel object recognition learning and memory task. Conclusion: TTF and AcA are potential candidates to be developed as drugs or food additives to prevent, postpone or ameliorate Alzheimer’s disease. Implications, both scientific and agricultural.The synthesis ofAcA and TTF is very complicated. Thus, the plant itself will be the source for the isolation of these compounds or their precursors for synthesis. Therefore, Achilleafragrantissima could be developed into a new crop with industrial potential for the Arava-Negev area in Israel, and will generate more working places in this region.
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Martinho, Diogo, Hugo Sarmento, Ana Faria, Hadi Nobari, and Adam Field. Oral branched chain amino acids supplementation in trained participants: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0014.

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Review question / Objective: The present review following PICO criteria: (1) population – athletes or participants described with experience in sport; (2) intervention – oral branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) supplementation; (3) outcomes – indicators of performance, body composition, recovery, hormonal response or cellular signalling; (4) comparator – control group or placebo, and; (5) output – pre-and post-test changes. Exclusion criteria were: (1) studies that described participants as healthy or active; (2) articles classified as letter to editor or review, and; (3) BCAAs supplementation by infusion or combined with other substances. Condition being studied: The condition to be studied is the ingestion of branched chain amino acids in participants with training experience (participants involved in organized sports or with training experience). Note, the participants classified as active or healthy were not included in this review.
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Capdevila, Lluis, Josep-Maria Losilla, Carla Alfonso, Tony Estrella, and Jaume F. Lalanza. Physical Activity and Planetary Health: a scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0028.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this scoping review is to scope the body of literature, clarify concepts, investigate research conduct and to identify knowledge gaps about the physical activity (PA) behavior in a context of planetary health. The proposed study will review the existing literature considering PA beyond the scope of mere health behaviour, focusing on its potential impacts on planetary health and sustainable development. We will differentiate the PA behavior of the PA facilities or context like green-space or blue-space. Specific objectives are to provide knowledge about: 1. Which PA behaviors are sustainable for the planet and which are not. 2. What are the characteristics of sustainable PA behaviors. 3. What are the positive and negative impacts of PA behaviors on planetary health. Condition being studied: In this case, it is studied how the active lifestyle and the practice of physical activities, exercise or sports of people affect planetary health.
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