Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Active mixtures'
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Baxter, David P. Nav E. (David Paul)Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Toward robust active semantic SLAM via Max-Mixtures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127041.
Full textThesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, May, 2020
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-78).
In a step towards the level of autonomy seen in humans, this work attempts to emulate a high level and low level approach to world representation and short term adaptation. Specifically, this work demonstrates an implementation of robotic perception that transforms stereo camera and LIDAR sensor data into a sparse map of semantic objects and a locally consistent flexible occupancy grid. This provides a topological representation for grouping objects into higher level classes and a geometric map for traditional planning. Additionally, a reactive dynamic window obstacle avoidance system is shown to quickly plan short term trajectories that avoid both static and dynamic objects while progressing towards a goal. To combine computational efficiency with the robust advantages of multimodal inference, this work uses Semantic Max Mixture factors to approximate multimodal belief in a manner compatible to nonlinear least squares solvers. Experimental results are presented using a RACECAR mobile robot operating in several hallways of MIT, using AprilTags as surrogates for objects in the Semantic Max Mixtures Algorithm. Future work will seek to further integrate the components to create a closed-loop active semantic navigation and mapping algorithm.
by David P. Baxter.
Nav. E.
S.M.
Nav.E. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Stellner, Kevin Lance. "Precipitation of surfactants and surfactant mixtures in aqueous solutions /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1987.
Find full textBurkitt, S. J. "Properties of flurocarbon and hydrocarbon surface active agent mixtures." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375002.
Full textEl, Ismaili Mohammed. "Out-of-equilibrium Binary Colloidal Mixtures : Experimental magnetic system and simulations of active Lennard-Jones mixtures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0172.
Full textLiving systems generally operate in non-equilibrium states by continuously consuming energy, thus exhibiting rich collective dynamics and properties. Physical investigations often rely on analogies with model systems in soft matter, such as colloids. In this thesis, we develop two colloidal model systems that operate in non-equilibrium states and exhibit interesting phenomena similar to those of certain biological systems, such as self-assembly, viscoelasticity, phase transitions, and segregation. In the first part of this thesis, we study experimentally and theoretically the dynamics of two-dimensional clusters of paramagnetic colloids under a time-varying magnetic field. Due to the continuous energy input by the rotating field, these self-assembled clusters are at a dissipative non-equilibrium state. We experimentally characterize the dynamics of cluster rotation and we develop a theoretical model to explain the observations by the emergence of collective viscoelastic properties. The model successfully captures the observed dependence on particle, cluster, and field characteristics, and it provides an estimate of cluster viscoelasticity. We extend our study to the case of binary clusters of colloids of two different sizes and magnetic susceptibilities. The composition dependence of the rotation dynamics is successfully captured by a generalization of our theoretical model. We also investigate the evolution of the internal distribution of the two particle types, reminiscent of segregation in a drop of two immiscible liquids, and the effect of such structure on the rotation dynamics. Next, we study cluster disassembly in response to a change in the external field. The experimentally observed disassembly dynamics are successfully described by a model, which moreover provides an estimate of the particle-substrate friction coefficient. In the second part of the thesis, we investigate a two-dimensional binary mixture of active and passive Lennard-Jones colloids, characterized by different degrees of scalar activity, modeled by an effective temperature difference. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of this system using two different thermostats. We consider two equilibrium reference systems: a homogeneous system and a gas-liquid interfacial system. We drive these systems out-of-equilibrium by increasing the effective temperature difference and we systematically investigate the effect on their behaviors and properties. For the homogeneous system, our results indicate that the presence of differential activity shifts the mixture from solid towards the liquid state and renders it more deformable than a homogeneous state at the average temperature. The binary mixture remains homogeneous for moderate activity difference between the two species, and segregation arises for a sufficiently large activity difference. For the interfacial system, we investigate the effect of activity on a pre-existing gas-liquid interface between two separated species. We find that a high activity difference induces the formation of new solid-liquid interfaces, whereas a low difference destabilizes pre-existing liquid-gas interfaces. Moreover, the combination of a pre-existent interface with differential activity leads to partial crystallization and thus to triple phase coexistence (solid, liquid, and gas), which is observed over a wide range of differential activities. Our findings from these idealized systems could guide our understanding and point to certain physical mechanisms at play in biological systems, where similar dynamical behaviors are observed
Seeger, Bettina [Verfasser]. "Risk assessment of hormonally active pesticide residue mixtures / Bettina Seeger." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1107039568/34.
Full textRavichandran, Arvind [Verfasser], Gerhard [Gutachter] Gompper, and Tobias [Gutachter] Bollenbach. "Active Dynamics in Filament-Motor Mixtures / Arvind Ravichandran ; Gutachter: Gerhard Gompper, Tobias Bollenbach." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160379351/34.
Full textGuardigli, Gianluca. "Effect of active mineral or hydrated lime fillers on ageing and moisture of bituminous mixtures." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20097/.
Full textJayawardane, D. "Investigating the adsorption and surface active behaviour of silk fibroin peptides and mixtures of peptide and conventional surfactants." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17685/.
Full textEl, Masri Sarah. "Low transition temperature mixtures based on cyclodextrins as solubilizing vehicles in pharmaceutical preparations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2024. https://documents.univ-littoral.fr/access/content/group/50b76a52-4e4b-4ade-a198-f84bc4e1bc3c/BULCO/Th%C3%A8ses/Toxicologie/122040_EL_MASRI_2024_archivage.pdf.
Full textSolubility enhancement is a critical aspect in the formulation and development of novel drug molecules. To overcome challenges associated with poor solubility, formulation scientists have explored numerous strategies, among them the use of cyclodextrins and cosolvents. The latter approach is a simple and effective method, where organic solvents are used to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds. In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a cheap and green alternative to organic solvents, showing great promise for the solubilization of hydrophobic molecules. More recently, DESs based on cyclodextrins (CDs) have been introduced under the name "supramolecular deep eutectic solvents" (SUPRADESs). Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cage molecules renowned for their ability to enhance the solubility and stability of drug molecules entrapped inside their cavity.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of DESs and SUPRADESs for use in pharmaceutical preparations. To this end, a panel of selected DESs and SUPRADESs were first prepared and characterized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the solvents are liquid over a broad temperature range and stable up to 100°C. Density and viscovity measurements showed that DESs' properties can be tuned depending on their composition. Infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies provided evidence of hydrogen bonds formation in the prepared solvents. Further, the solubility and stability of a series of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were evaluated. The solvents displayed significant solubility enhancement and good stability after a year of storage. In addition, the effect of water addition on the solubilizing potential was evaluated. These experiments highlighted the advantage of using SUPRADESs over DESs, since they were revealed to be more resistant to dilution effect. This was attributed to the formation of CD/API inclusion complex, as proved by NMR studies. Finally, drug release experiments showed that the use of DESs and SUPRADESs resulted in increased dissolution rates compared to the solid drug. Overall, these findings support the potential of DESs and SUPRADESs for being used as solubilizing vehicles in phamaceutical formulations
Dinelli, Alberto. "Scalar active matter across scales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP7003.
Full textActive matter encompasses out-of-equilibrium systems whose microscopic constituents exert non-conservative self-propulsion forces on their environment. The self-organization of active units into complex structures is observed at all scales in the living world, from bacterial ecosystems to flocks of birds. Furthermore, in recent years, physicists and chemists have been able to engineer synthetic particles capable of self-propulsion, such as self-phoretic Janus colloids or Quincke rollers, thus paving the way towards the realization of smart active materials. In this regard, understanding the link between the microscopic dynamics of active particles and their large-scale properties is a crucial problem for both biology and bio-inspired engineering. In this manuscript, we bridge this gap for a number of scalar active systems, i.e. active systems where the only large-scale hydrodynamic mode is the conserved density field. In particular, a large part of the manuscript is devoted to multi-component active systems---or active mixtures---whose study is relevant to achieve more realistic descriptions of biological communities: from animal ecosystems to bacterial colonies, polydispersity is ubiquitous in living systems. The manuscript is structured as follows. In Chapter 1 we provide a methodological review of coarse-graining techniques in scalar active systems. These methods are then applied in Chapter 2 to characterize the large-scale behaviors of non-interacting active particles with different tactic mechanisms. The second part of the thesis is devoted to collective behaviors in interacting scalar active systems. In Chapter 3 we study the impact of non-reciprocal motility regulation in binary mixtures of active particles, and show how the microscopic non-reciprocity affects the macroscopic organization of the system. Following this line, in Chapter 4 we consider a bacterial ecosystem where a large number of species coexist, revealing how weak, random motility regulation can be sufficient to promote the formation of distinct bacterial communities. To conclude, in Chapter 5 we shift from biological to synthetic active matter, studying a model for self-propelled Quincke rods. In particular, we show how these rods can undergo an arrested condensation transition, where the interplay between quorum-sensing and steric repulsion is crucial to stabilize the coexisting phases
Morris, Denise Nichole. "Population pharmacokinetics of telapristone and its active metabolite CDB-4453." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1034.
Full textVries, Filicity Ann. "Synergistic effects of mixtures of fungicides and medicinal plant extracts against Botrytis cinerea." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6798_1372423235.
Full textWe hypothesize that South African medicinal plants contain compounds that can act in synergism with synthetic antifungal compounds. Four fungicides - Sporekill&trade
, Rovral&trade
, Terminator&trade
and Teldor&trade
at doses 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mL L-1 and plant species Galenia africana, Elytropappus rhinocerotis and Tulbaghia violacea were tested aloneand in different combinations for their potency (efficacy) on radial growth inhibition of Botrytis cinerea strains on potato dextrose plates. Four doses of plant extract for each of the respective plant species were used. A total of 48 combinations were tested for each strain. Mixtures of plant extracts were far more effective in controlling strains compared to the individual components alone, representing significant levels of in vitro synergistic interactions. Combinations of these components represent an attractive future prospect for the development of new management strategies for controlling B. cinerea. Since the in vitro tests of these mixtures showed inhibitory activity, the mixtures were tested for activity in assays on Granny Smith apples. In vitro tests can be used to screen mixtures to obtain information on their inhibitory activity on a pathogen, however, the environmental conditions of the fruit and the ability of the pathogen to grow into the fruit cannot be simulated in vivo. A series of two-fold doses of medicinal plant extracts were combined with fungicides to conduct decay inhibition studies. The incidence of gray mold was significantly reduced by mixtures of plant extracts and fungicides. Under conditions similar to those in commercial storage, a drench treatment with G. africana and Rovral&trade
significantly (p=0.05) inhibit gray mold on the apples and was more effective than the plant extract and fungicide alone. The treatments exerted synergistic effects and were markedly better than the components applied alone. The wound colonization assay was used for optimal decay control. In a drench, much higher volumes of the treatments are used to ensure that the components of the suspension are deposited evenly over the entire fruit surface. Drenching of fruit to apply other chemicals is an established practise in the pome (fleshy) fruit industry, and simplifies the commercial application of the mixtures, as no additional infrastructure at commercial packing houses will be required. This approach not only makes it possible to reduce fungicide concentrations while maintaining adequate decay control, but also ensures a reduction of the chemical residue on the fruit.
Silva, Elisabete Alessandra Ferreira. "Oestrogenic chemicals in the environment : studies of mixture effects and mechanisms of action." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407072.
Full textBattistoni, M. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM BIOLOGY MODEL FOR PREDICTING MIXTURES OF CHEMICALS ACTING ON THE SAME PATHWAY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/489001.
Full textLeal, Ronan. "Epitaxial growth of silicon by PECVD from SiF4/H2/Ar gas mixtures for photovoltaics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX038.
Full textThis doctoral work aimed to assess the potential of low-temperature (200-300°C) epitaxy by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using SiF4/H2/Ar gas mixtures for the emitter formation in nPERT solar cells. The first part of this PhD thesis concerned the identification and the optimization of the process conditions to perform lowly strained intrinsic epi-layers with a smooth epi/wafer interface. We also investigated the causes of epitaxy breakdown and found out that a twinning-induced mechanism was responsible. Subsequently we focused on the growth mechanisms by studying the initial stages of growth and a Volmer-Weber growth mode has been highlighted. Finally, the process conditions for intrinsic epitaxy were transferred from a researchPECVD reactor to a 6 inch semi-industrial one. Inhomogeneity and growth rate issues have been tackled by fluid dynamics simulations resulting in the design of a new shower head. Boron-doped epi-layers grown at 300°C with an as-deposited hole concentration of 4.1019 cm-3 and a doping efficiency up to 70 % have been achieved keeping a low mosaicity and a low variation of the lattice parameter. The growth rate in these conditions reached 1.1 Å/s, i.e 15 times higher than what obtained at the beginning of this PhD for boron-doped epi-layers. Finally, the passivation of epitaxial layers has been investigated and lifetimes up to 160 μs for a 200 nm thick intrinsic layer passivated with
Zhang, Han. "Investigation of physiological activity and mixture effects of G protein-coupled receptor-acting pharmaceuticals in wastewater." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227614.
Full textMannion, S. K. "Environmental effects on the action of a 2:1 mixture of mepiquat chloride and ethephon on winter barley." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373491.
Full textAlarcan, Jimmy. "Effects of co-exposure of marine lipophilic biotoxins on the intestinal barrier, bioactivation and molecular modes of action." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B014/document.
Full textLipophilic phycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by some phytoplankton species. They accumulate in filter-feeding molluscs and can cause intoxication in humans with a wide variety of symptoms. This work aimed at bringing better knowledge on their fate in humans and their effects after ingestion by providing data on their intestinal absorption and their hepatic metabolism since these phenomena affect the amount of toxin circulating in the body and therefore the generation of toxic effects. In addition, several phycotoxins are sometimes found simultaneously in shellfish while the effects of these mixtures are still unknown. Four lipophilic phycotoxins, okadaic acid (OA), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2), yessotoxin (YTX) and spirolide (SPX-1) were selected. The intestinal passage was evaluated using human intestinal Caco-2 cells mimicking the intestinal epithelium. If differences in absorption were observed for the 4 phycotoxins, our results showed that the intestinal epithelium was also able to send them back into the intestinal lumen, thus limiting the amount circulating in the body. Similarly, using liver extracts, we showed that the structure of the 4 phycotoxins was modified, mainly by hydroxylation reactions. For mixtures effects, the addition of another toxin (PTX-2, YTX or SPX-1) to OA results in lower effects at low concentrations, and additive or larger effects at higher concentrations. These results provide additional data that can be used to confirm or revise regulatory thresholds established for these toxins
Vellala, Abhinay. "Genre-based Video Clustering using Deep Learning : By Extraction feature using Object Detection and Action Recognition." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statistik och maskininlärning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176942.
Full textGurrapu, Chaitanya. "Human Action Recognition In Video Data For Surveillance Applications." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15878/1/Chaitanya_Gurrapu_Thesis.pdf.
Full textGurrapu, Chaitanya. "Human Action Recognition In Video Data For Surveillance Applications." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15878/.
Full textGazeli, Kristaq. "Étude expérimentale de micro-plasmas froids à la pression atmosphérique générés par des hautes tensions de formes différentes." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3019/document.
Full textThe present PhD thesis is devoted to the study of atmospheric pressure cold micro-plasmas produced in different Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) reactors which are driven by pulsed or sinusoidal high voltages. Noble gases such as helium and argon are used as carrier gases, whereas admixtures with nitrogen and oxygen are studied as well. The formation of Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species (RNS, ROS) is thus achieved, and the possibility of improving the chemical (re)activity of the plasmas is demonstrated. This is of interest in the treatment of inert or living materials (e.g. surface functionalization, cell inactivation, living tissue regeneration, etc.). Plasmas are characterized by recording electrical and optical features as a function of principal operational parameters, including voltage amplitude and frequency, gas flow rate, electrode configuration, and voltage duty cycle in the case of pulsed waveform. The physico-chemical (re)activity of the plasmas is thus evaluated, while at the same time mechanisms on the plasma generation and paths for chemistry optimization are unveiled. Finally, the efficiency of the plasma in relation to biomedical applications is tested by treating different biological systems (bacteria, liposomes, cells) while preventing any thermal effect
Virgl, Vítězslav. "Vlastnosti formovacích směsí ze směsných bentonitů po opakovaném použití." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382285.
Full textManzini, Muzi Charles. "Stochastic Volatility Models for Contingent Claim Pricing and Hedging." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8197_1270517076.
Full textThe present mini-thesis seeks to explore and investigate the mathematical theory and concepts that underpins the valuation of derivative securities, particularly European plainvanilla options. The main argument that we emphasise is that novel models of option pricing, as is suggested by Hull and White (1987) [1] and others, must account for the discrepancy observed on the implied volatility &ldquo
smile&rdquo
curve. To achieve this we also propose that market volatility be modeled as random or stochastic as opposed to certain standard option pricing models such as Black-Scholes, in which volatility is assumed to be constant.
Ouédraogo, Nongwendé Philippe. "Contribution à la valorisation de sédiments de dragage portuaire issus de lagunage actif dans la formulation de matériaux cimentaires autoplaçants." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MTLD0020.
Full textDredging sediments are an abundant and stand for a strategic alternative mineral granular resource in construction. This PhD work specifically focuses on the Grand Port Maritime de Dunkerque (GPMD) dredging sediments, resulting from an active lagooning. The research objective is to evaluate the potential for recovery of these sediments coming directly from the GPMD lagoon basins (partly dehydrated but poorly moist) in the formulation of self-consolidating concretes (SCC), without any additional treatment before their incorporation into the cementitious materials (without drying, nor calcination in particular).Three GPMD dredging sediments were selected for the study, their difference being their fines content at 63 μm, respectively of the order of 34, 43 and 49%. Because of their high percentage of particles smaller than 125 μm and their particle size distribution, the interest of the study also lies in the assessment of the ability of sediments to substitute the natural mineral fillers conventionally used in the composition of SCC.A specific experimental protocol is developed to overcome the problem of presence of sediment agglomerates in cementitious matrices. The overall experimental formulation methodology is based on the Densified Mixture Design Algorithm (DMDA) method for the determination of SCC compositions, the AFREM method and the equivalent paste method. On the set of formulations carried out, the physical-chemical, rheological, mechanical and environmental performances as well as a first approch of the durability with regard to freeze-thaw are studies. The influences of sediment fines on mechanical performance and freeze / thaw resistance are more nuanced, although the overall performance of the matrices is proven. From an environmental point of view, the developed SCCs are classified as inert materials
Šmirg, Ondřej. "Detekce lidské postavy v obrazové scéně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217296.
Full textKadar, Ali. "Evaluation de l'effet mélange sur la clairance hépatique humaine de pesticides appartenant à deux groupes de matières actives communément retrouvées dans l'alimentation française : développement analytique et études cinétiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0322.
Full textGeneral population is exposed to several pesticides, mainly via the diet. Whereas these active ingredients obtained their marketing authorization individually, the available data regarding their impact as a mixture on the human body are scarce. In order to help better understanding this “mixture effect”, we aimed at studying the human hepatic in vitro metabolism of two pesticides mixtures commonly found in the diet
Сторожук, С. Б., and І. В. Коц. "Навісний гідропривідний ударно-вібраційний молот для ущільнення жорстких бетонних сумішей." Thesis, ВНТУ, 2018. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua//handle/123456789/20984.
Full textDesigned mounted shock vibration equipment with hydraulic drive hydroficated from the base of the machine. Tests have been carried out, which confirmed the suitability and practical expediency of this equipment for use in the construction industry. The recommendations for the design and technology of the use of this equipment in the production conditions are given.
AbuAzzah, Ezzat. "A 4D ultrasound imaging automation platform for modelling and assessment of ultrasound target dynamics using direct visual servoing and machine learning." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/134613/1/Ezzat_AbuAzzah_Thesis.pdf.
Full textLi, Yi. "Speaker Diarization System for Call-center data." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286677.
Full textFör att svara på frågan vem som talade när är högtalardarisering (SD) ett kritiskt steg för många talapplikationer i praktiken. Uppdraget med vårt projekt är att bygga ett MFCC-vektorbaserat högtalar-diariseringssystem ovanpå ett högtalarverifieringssystem (SV), som är ett befintligt Call-center-program för att kontrollera kundens identitet från ett telefonsamtal. Vårt högtalarsystem använder 13-dimensionella MFCC: er som funktioner, utför Voice Active Detection (VAD), segmentering, linjär gruppering och hierarkisk gruppering baserat på GMM och BIC-poäng. Genom att tillämpa den minskar vi EER (Equal Error Rate) från 18,1 % i baslinjeexperimentet till 3,26 % för de allmänna samtalscentret. För att bättre analysera och utvärdera systemet simulerade vi också en uppsättning callcenter-data baserat på de offentliga ljuddatabaserna ICSI corpus.
Kehrer, Anja. "Die Wirkung von Pharmaka und Pestiziden einzeln und in Kombination auf die Embryonalentwicklung des Zebrabärblings (Danio rerio)." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-25527.
Full textVan, Frank Gaëlle. "Gestion participative de la diversité cultivée et création de mélanges diversifiés de blé tendre à la ferme." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS525/document.
Full textThe transition from a diversified agriculture to a productivist system has led to a decline in cultivated diversity and raises many environmental, societal and health issues. Alternatives such as agro-ecology have emerged, based in particular on the enhancement of agro-biodiversity and genetic diversity within agro-ecosystems. Considering that there are no varieties adapted to their needs in the catalogue, farmers and facilitators from the Réseau Semences Paysannes (RSP) have been conducting a participatory breeding project (PPB) for bread wheat since 2006, in collaboration with the DEAP (Diversity, Evolution and Adaptation of Populations) team at UMR GQE Le Moulon. These farmers are mobilizing diversity to select populations adapted to their practices, terroir and outlets, with the aim of regaining their seed autonomy and a coherence of their system. My thesis focuses on the study of the impacts of collective management and peasant selection practices on wheat crop diversity and population adaptation. It aims to propose possible adaptation of existing PPB practices and to support the implementation of new projects. The impacts of on-farm creation and selection practices of population mixtures on their agronomic and morphological behaviour were evaluated through an experiment in collaboration with about fifteen farmers and facilitators from the RSP. In a second part we studied the impacts of natural selection and peasant selection on the evolution of populations, their stability and adaptation to environments during the wheat PPB project. Then a prospective study on the impacts of the adoption of heterogeneous varieties on cultivated diversity at the landscape level was conducted, by assessing the diversity of populations from PPB, simulating adoption of heterogeneous varieties scenarii and using cultivated diversity indicators. Finally, the impacts of the on-farm experimental design parameters on the adjustment and accuracy of estimates from Bayesian models were assessed, to improve our ability to detect significant differences between populations and to provide recommendations for other decentralized variety evaluation projects using the designs and models developed in the French wheat PPB project
Andrade, Thayres de Sousa. "Effects of environmental factors on the toxicity of pesticides to zebrafish embryos." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15137.
Full textDuring the last century mean global temperatures have been increasing. According to the predictions, the temperature change is expected to exceed 1.5ºC in this century and the warming is likely to continue. Freshwater ecosystems are among the most sensitive mainly due to changes in the hydrologic cycle and consequently changes in several physico-chemical parameters (e.g. pH, dissolved oxygen). Alterations in environmental parameters of freshwater systems are likely to affect distribution, morphology, physiology and richness of a wide range of species leading to important changes in ecosystem biodiversity and function. Moreover, they can also work as co-stressors in environments where organisms have already to cope with chemical contamination (such as pesticides), increasing the environmental risk due to potential interactions. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of climate change related environmental parameters on the toxicity of pesticides to zebrafish embryos. The following environmental factors were studied: pH (3.0-12.0), dissolved oxygen level (0-8 mg/L) and UV radiation (0-500 mW/m2). The pesticides studied were the carbamate insecticide carbaryl and the benzimidazole fungicide carbendazim. Stressors were firstly tested separately in order to derive concentration- or intensity-response curves to further study the effects of binary combinations (environmental factors x pesticides) by applying mixture models. Characterization of zebrafish embryos response to environmental stress revealed that pH effects were fully established after 24 h of exposure and survival was only affected at pH values below 5 and above 10. Low oxygen levels also affected embryos development at concentrations below 4 mg/L (delay, heart rate decrease and edema), and at concentrations below 0.5 mg/L the survival was drastically reduced. Continuous exposure to UV radiation showed a strong time-dependent impact on embryos survival leading to 100% of mortality after 72 hours of exposure. The toxicity of pesticides carbaryl and carbendazim was characterized at several levels of biological organization including developmental, biochemical and behavioural allowing a mechanistic understanding of the effects and highlighting the usefulness of behavioural responses (locomotion) as a sensitive endpoint in ecotoxicology. Once the individual concentration response relationship of each stressor was established, a combined toxicity study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pH on the toxicity of carbaryl. We have shown that pH can modify the toxicity of the pesticide carbaryl. The conceptual model concentration addition allowed a precise prediction of the toxicity of the jointeffects of acid pH and carbaryl. Nevertheless, for alkaline condition both concepts failed in predicting the effects. Deviations to the model were however easy to explain as high pH values favour the hydrolysis of carbaryl with the consequent formation of the more toxic degradation product 1- naphtol. Although in the present study such explanatory process was easy to establish, for many other combinations the “interactive” nature is not so evident. In the context of the climate change few scenarios predict such increase in the pH of aquatic systems, however this was a first approach focused in the lethal effects only. In a second tier assessment effects at sublethal level would be sought and it is expectable that more subtle pH changes (more realistic in terms of climate changes scenarios) may have an effect at physiological and biochemical levels with possible long term consequences for the population fitness.
Durante o século passado, as temperaturas globais médias têm vindo a aumentar. De acordo com as previsões, a mudança de temperatura deverá ser superior a 1,5ºC neste século e o aquecimento é provável que continue. Os ecossistemas de água doce estão entre os mais sensíveis, principalmente devido às mudanças no ciclo hidrológico e, consequentemente, em diversos parâmetros físico-químicos (ex. pH, oxigénio dissolvido). Alterações nos parâmetros abióticos de ambientes de água doce irão provavelmente afectar a distribuição, morfologia, fisiologia e riqueza de uma ampla gama de espécies levando a mudanças importantes na biodiversidade e funcionamento do ecossistema. Para além disto, eles também podem atuar como co-estressores em ambientes onde os organismos já tem que lidar com contaminação química. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de parâmetros ambientais sobre a toxicidade dos pesticidas para embriões de peixe-zebra. Foram estudados os seguintes fatores ambientais: pH (3,0-12,0), nível de oxigénio dissolvido (0-8 mg/L) e radiação UV (0-500 mW/m2). Os pesticidas estudados foram o inseticida carbamato carbaril e o fungicida benzimidazólico carbendazim. Ambos os estressores (fatores ambientais e pesticidas) foram testados separadamente a fim de obter curvas dose-resposta para estudar mais profundamente os efeitos combinados de estressores ambientais e toxicidade química, aplicando modelos de mistura. A caracterização das respostas do peixe-zebra ao estresse ambiental mostrou que os efeitos do pH foram totalmente estabelecidas após 24 h de exposição e a sobrevivência foi só afetada a valores de pH abaixo de 5 e acima 10. Os níveis reduzidos de oxigénio também afetaram o desenvolvimento dos embriões em concentrações abaixo de 4 mg/L (atraso, redução dos batimentos cardíacos e edema) e em concentrações abaixo de 0.5 mg/L a sobrevivência foi drasticamente reduzida. A exposição contínua a radiações UV mostrou um forte efeito dependente do tempo na sobrevivência dos embriões levando a 100% de mortalidade no final do ensaio. A toxicidade dos pesticidas carbaril e carbendazim foi caracterizada em vários níveis de organização biológica, incluindo desenvolvimento, biomarcadores e comportamental, permitindo uma compreensão mecanicista dos efeitos e destacando a utilidade de respostas comportamentais (locomoção) como um parâmetro sensível em ecotoxicologia. Uma vez que as curvas dose resposta para cada estressor foram estabelecidas, um estudo de toxicidade combinado foi realizado para avaliar os efeitos do pH sobre a toxicidade do carbaril. Os resultados mostraram que o pH pode modificar a toxicidade do pesticida carbaryl. O modelo conceitual de adição da concentração permitiu uma previsão precisa da toxicidade dos efeitos conjuntos do pH ácido e carbaril. No entanto, para a condição alcalina ambos os conceitos falharam na previsão dos efeitos. Os desvios ao modelo foram no entanto fáceis de explicar uma vez que os valores de pH elevados favoreceram a hidrólise do carbaril com a consequente formação de um produto de degradação mais tóxico 1-naftol. Embora no presente estudo tal processo explicativo foi fácil de estabelecer, para muitas outras combinações de natureza "interativa" talvez esse processo não seja tão evidente. No contexto das alterações climáticas poucos cenários preveem um aumento tão elevado do pH de sistemas aquáticos, no entanto, esta pode ser considerada uma primeira abordagem focada apenas nos efeitos letais. Numa segunda avaliação, efeitos ao nível sub-letal seriam recomendados uma vez que espera-se que mudanças mais sutis de pH (mais realistas em termos de cenários de mudanças climáticas) possam ter um efeito em níveis fisiológicos e bioquímicos, com possíveis consequências a longo prazo para o fitness das populações.
Almasri, Hanine. "Toxicologie des mélanges de pesticides chez des abeilles exposées à un agent pathogène : action combinée de l'agent pathogène Nosema ceranae, de l'insecticide imidaclopride, du fongicide difénoconazole et de l'herbicide glyphosate Mixtures of an insecticide, a fungicide and a herbicide induce high toxicities and systemic physiological disturbances in winter Apis mellifera honey bees Toxicity of the pesticides imidacloprid, difenoconazole and glyphosate alone and in binary and ternary mixtures to winter honey bees: effects on survival and antioxidative defenses Toxicological status changes the susceptibility of the honey bee Apis mellifera to a single fungicidal spray application Physiological effects of the interaction between Nosema ceranae and sequential and overlapping exposure to glyphosate and difenoconazole in the honey bee Apis mellifera." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0722.
Full textCurrent scientific findings suggest a decline in the diversity and abundance of insects, including the honey bee Apis mellifera. The latter are facing high colony losses in several regions of the world such as Western Europe and the United States. Numerous studies suggest that the origin of bee colony decline is multi-causal and identify pesticides and pathogens as the main contributors to this decline. Co-exposure of honey bees to multiple pesticides and infection by multiple pathogens are common phenomena. However, research on the effects of pesticide mixtures has not been extensively developed. Thus, the thesis work has focused on determining the toxicity of pesticide mixtures, applied at environmental exposure levels, in the presence of pathogens. The choice was made to study the interactions between a neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid, an azole fungicide, difenoconazole, and a herbicide, glyphosate, in the presence of the pathogen Nosema ceranae. The results of the different studies, carried out during this thesis, reveal the complexity of the studies on pesticide mixtures. The work allowed us to notice that the effects of a pesticide mixture can vary according to the concentrations of the pesticides constituting the mixture. The increase of the number of substances and the level of exposure does not necessarily induce an increase of the toxicity of the mixture. Furthermore, the effects of the mixture may vary depending on the sequence of exposure to the different pesticides and the health status of the honey bees. Pesticide mixtures affect the physiological state of individuals as a result of a systemic response related to disturbances of general mechanisms such as oxidative stress. However, these three pesticides, alone and in mixtures, have no effect on the installation of the intestinal microbiota at environmental exposure levels
GUERRA, GIULIA. "Potential amphiphilic antibacterial compounds." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/274570.
Full textPursuing the search for a new class of structurally simple mimics of antimicrobial peptides, we have optimized a short, cheap and high-yielding synthesis of mono-charged amphiphilic α-hydrazido acid derivatives, having a membranolytic action. They exhibited a broad-spectrum in vitro activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including two multidrug-resistant strains. In addition, they showed synergistic effects with tetracycline toward sensitive bacteria, whereas either synergistic effects or indifference were observed for combinations with different first-line antibiotics toward multidrug-resistant strains. Despite the minimal cationic charge, the best compounds demonstrated to be selective toward bacterial cell membranes over mammalian cell membranes. The importance of a non-disrupted amphiphilicity was also demonstrated. With the aim to administer lower doses of colistin reducing the toxic side effects, the Department of Chemical Biology at HZI (Braunschweig, Germany) developed a novel peptide-colistin construct. It consists of a mixture of five regioisomers where each of its free amino groups of colistin was coupled to the C-terminal of a synthetic peptide. The cleavage of the newly introduced amide group by human elastase neutrophils, releases colistin directly on the surface of bacteria in order to kill them. Thus, exploiting solid phase methodology, we regioselectively prepared the isomers of the colistin construct in order to investigate if all the regioisomers undergo selective cleavage by elastase with the same efficacy and fidelity. Then, we carried out the antimicrobial assays against a strain of E. coli K12, and the results were compared with the activity of regioisomeric mixture.
Canelas, Ana Rita de Paiva. "Dosing the active ingredient in pharmaceutical powder mixtures using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/17843.
Full textO primeiro objectivo desta tese foi o desenvolvimento de um método de quantificação por espectroscopia de infravermelho próximo de modo a optimizar um processo de fabrico da OM Pharma numa fase crítica de produção: fase final da mistura. Em seguida avaliou-se a aplicabilidade do mesmo tipo de estratégia ao controlo (identificação, qualificação e quantificação) de outros pontos críticos do processo. A necessidade da implementação desta metodologia incide no facto de a este processo estar associado um volume de trabalho significativo de trabalho do Controlo de Qualidade. O modelo de quantificação desenvolvido permite a determinação do parâmetro de qualidade crítico do processo de fabrico do produto: a conformidade do teor em API na mistura; após a verificação da conformidade processo produtivo evolui para outra fase – produto final. A aplicação desta técnica desenvolvida permite, em rotina, a redução do tempo despendido em análise pelo Controlo de Qualidade. O modelo obtido foi validado de acordo com as Guidelines em vigor. Um segundo objectivo, foi o de generalizar a aprendizagem anterior e desenvolver uma biblioteca para diversas matérias-primas (princípios activos farmacêuticos) que permitisse a sua identificação e no futuro possivelmente a sua qualificação; esta necessidade surge devido à elevada quantidade de lotes de matériaprima recepcionada periodicamente na OM Pharma. A criação da biblioteca consiste no desenvolvimento de um método que permita identificar o princípio activo referido no modelo de quantificação, o que acarreta a construção de uma Biblioteca de Princípios Activos (API) obtida pela aquisição de espectros NIR de todos os API´s da OM Pharma. A biblioteca desenvolvida foi sujeita a validação interna e externa de acordo com os requisitos das Guidelines em vigor. Concluiu-se que a espectroscopia de infravermelho próximo é um método preciso e benéfico para a análise e controlo de qualidade no controlo da fase final de produção e na identificação de matérias-primas na Indústria Farmacêutica. Associada à utilização desta técnica, o aumento da produtividade através da redução do tempo de análise e, consequentemente, a redução dos custos operativos é sem dúvida um factor muito positivo.
The first goal of this thesis was the development of a near infrared quantification method in order to optimize the mixing process in OM Pharma’s production phase, followed by the application of this method in controlling other critical processes such as identification, qualification and quantification. The fact that this process is associated with a significant part in Quality Control’s work volume justified the implementation of this methodology. The developed quantification PLS model allows the determination of a product manufacturing process critical quality parameter: the compliance of the API content; after checking this production phase conformity, the process evolves into another phase - final product. The application of this technique allows the reduction of the spent time on routine analysis. The model was validated according to the guidelines. A second goal consisted in developing a library allowing to identify several raw materials (pharmaceutical active ingredients) and in the future it’s possible qualification. This need arose due to the high amount of raw material batches periodically received in OM Pharma. The library development is based on a method developed for identification of the active principle in said quantization model which leads to the construction of a library of active ingredients (API) obtained by the acquisition of NIR spectrum. The developed library was subjected to internal and external validation according to the requirements of the Guidelines in effect. The near infrared spectroscopy method proved itself as an accurate and beneficial method for the analysis and quality control in controlling the final stages of production and raw materials identification in the pharmaceutical industry. Associated to the use of this technique, increased productivity by reducing the analysis time and, consequently, the reduction of operating costs is without a doubt very positive.
Cohn, David A., Zoubin Ghahramani, and Michael I. Jordan. "Active Learning with Statistical Models." 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7192.
Full textGuru, Raja V. "Novel Redox Responsive Cationic Lipids, Lipopolymers, Glycolipids And Phospholipid-Cationic Lipid Mixtures : Syntheses, Aggregation And Gene Transfection Properties." Thesis, 2014. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2979.
Full textGuru, Raja V. "Novel Redox Responsive Cationic Lipids, Lipopolymers, Glycolipids And Phospholipid-Cationic Lipid Mixtures : Syntheses, Aggregation And Gene Transfection Properties." Thesis, 2014. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2979.
Full textHazra, Milan K. "From collective relaxation phenomena to phase separation in binary mixtures and some contributions to the hydration dynamics in the vicinity of biologically active molecules." Thesis, 2018. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5261.
Full textFoulaadvand, M. E., B. Aghaei, A. Saeidi, and G. Volpe. "Driven mixture of active/passive colloids in a constricted geometry." 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31661.
Full textCHENG, CHIH-YU, and 鄭智友. "Human Action Recognition Using Template Matching and Gaussian Mixture Background Model." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5dbx84.
Full text國立高雄大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
105
Human action recognition has been a very important topic in computer vision and image processing. In this thesis, we present a human action recognition system using the Gaussian mixture background model, morphological processing, motion energy image and template matching. First, we detect human and extract human contour in a video according to the Gaussian mixture background model. After the human contour is extracted, we reduce the noise in human contour by using Gaussian blur. Then we use the erosion and dilation of morphological processing to connect the broken contour area .We remove the other nonhuman targets in the background by calculating to the maximum contour area. Second, in order to set up the motion energy image, we align the centroid in the motion energy image after calculating the coordinate of the centroid in human contour. Finally, according to the three templates selected in advance, we can complete the human action recognition using template matching method. Experiments by three-fold cross validation showed that the accuracy of our human action recognition is 91.4%. Most errors are due to different walking sizes between humans.
LI, MIN-HUI, and 李敏惠. "Photodynamic action of methionine-riboflavin mixture and its application in plant disease control." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60146723045576538709.
Full textJHANG, REN-DE, and 張仁德. "Effects of Adding Different Nanoparticles and ZnO Nanorods on the IV Characteristics of RRAM Device with PS and P2VK Mixture as Active Layer." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24679506395804285250.
Full text國立暨南國際大學
應用材料及光電工程學系
104
The aim of this thesis is to study the effects of adding different nanoparticles (NPs) and ZnO nanorods (NRs) on the current-voltage (IV) and switching characteristics of metal/insulator/ZnO NRs/metal RRAM device using a polystyrene (PS) and poly (N- ethyl-2-vinyl carbazole) (P2VK) mixture as active layer. We found that a mixture of PS and 4 weight percent of P2VK could improve the stability of the device as well as increase the device yield. Adding different materials of NPs could effectively enhance the bond strength of the film and reduce the leakage as well as the operating currents. Device with the TiO2 NPs showed better switching characteristics. Experimental results showed that all the hetrojunction structures of metal/insulator/ZnO NRs/metal devices exhibited the diode IV characteristics with different current levels in positive and negative biases. Adding different materials of NPs affected the magnitude of current levels in the positive bias region. Hysteresis was observed nearly for all the IV curves. It was found that IV curves of PS/ P2VK composite mixed with TiO2 NPs exhibited the largest hysteresis. We also found that the initially counterclockwise (clockwise) hysteresis loops of the IV curves might become clockwise (counterclockwise) after a long time placement. After a 1000 sec data retention test, the PS/ P2VK composite mixed with TiO2 NPs showed the best data retention performance, which was consistent with the hysteresis behavior of the IV curves. Analysis of the hytrojuction energy band diagram for the metal/insulator/ZnO NRs/metal structure showed an energy well of hole in the PS/ZnO interface. The barrier height of the hole well is about 0.8 eV. However, the potential barrier of the conduction electron is about 2.5 eV. It was believed that the holes dominated the current conduction mechanism. We reasonably assumed that the change of barrier height caused by biasing was mainly in PS side, then the diode IV behavior could well explained. Because the presence of hole potential well, it was believed that the accumulated holes capture and release near the PS/ZnO NRs interface with ultra-large surface area caused the hysteresis of the IV curves. Adding NPs (TiO2) might increase the trapping centers and possibility of holes capture and release near the PS/ZnO NRs interface region, resulting in a larger hysteresis. It was consistent with a larger hysteresis was observed in adding the TiO2 NPs. We suggested that the memory characteristics of the devices attributed to the holes capture and release near the PS/ZnO NRs interface region Key words: RRAM, polystyrene, poly (N- ethyl-2-vinyl carbazole), nanoparticles, nanorods.
Strickland, Erin Catherine. "Application and Evaluation of a Chemical Modification- and Mass Spectrometry-Based Thermodynamic Assay for the Study of Protein-Ligand Interactions in Complex Mixtures." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7241.
Full textWhile a number of different proteomic, genomic, and computational approaches exist for the characterization of drug action, each of the experimental approaches developed to date has both strengths and weaknesses. Currently, there is no one "perfect" assay for drug mode-of-action studies. A protocol that could assay all the proteins in the proteome for both direct and indirect binding interactions of drugs would greatly facilitate studies of drug action. Recently, the SPROX (stability of proteins from rates of oxidation) technique was developed as a chemical modification- and mass spectrometry-based strategy for detecting protein-ligand interactions by monitoring the change in thermodynamic stability of proteins upon ligand binding. This is accomplished by monitoring the denaturant dependent oxidation of globally protected methionine residues. The SPROX technique has been interfaced with bottom-up proteomics methods to allow for the proteome-wide analysis of protein-ligand interactions. However, the strategy has been limited by the need to detect and quantify methionine containing peptides in the bottom-up proteomics experiment.
The work in this dissertation is focused on evaluating the current SPROX protocol, developing modifications to improve proteome coverage, and applying the SPROX platform to two different drug mode-of-action studies. Three main strategies were employed to improve protein coverage. First, a chemo-selective isolation of un-oxidized methionine containing peptides was employed to enrich for methionine containing peptides, and it was found to produce a ~2-fold improvement in proteomic coverage. Second, a pre-fractionation strategy involving the use of isoelectric focusing was employed to decrease sample complexity prior to LC-MS/MS analysis and it was found to generate a ~2-3 fold improvement in proteomic coverage, however when combined with the methionine enrichment strategy the improvement was ~6-fold as the benefits of both were additive. Third, a tryptophan modification strategy was developed that could ultimately expand the number of useful peptides in proteome-wide SPROX experiments to include those that contain tryptophan. Also, investigated was the use of several different mass spectrometer systems (including a bench-top quadrupole and orbitrap system and two different quadrupole time-of-flight systems) in the SPROX protocol. The results of these studies indicate that there is a significant advantage in proteome coverage when faster mass spectrometers are used. The use of high energy collision dissociation (HCD) in the orbitrap system was also more advantageous than the use of collision induced dissociation (CID) in the Q-ToF systems. Regardless of the mass spectrometer used, the major source of error in the SPROX experiment was found to be the random error associated with the LC-MS/MS analysis of isobaric mass tagged peptides. This random error was found to yield a false discovery rate of between 3 and 10% for "hit" peptides in the SPROX experiment.
The above improvements in the SPROX protocol were used in two protein-ligand binding experiments. One set of experiments involved studies on two small molecules with a specific anti-cancer phenotype in human colon cancer cells. These studies identified 17 proteins as potential "hits" of these two small molecules. After preliminary validation of these proteins, approximately 50% were eliminated as false positives and one protein, p80/nucleophosim, showed consistent data indicating a destabilizing interaction with both small molecules. The destabilization is indicative of an indirect interaction with the small molecules that would be mediated through a protein-protein interaction network. In another set of experiments the breast cancer drug, tamoxifen, and its main, active metabolite, 4-hydroxy tamoxifen, were assayed for binding to the proteins in a yeast cell lysate to better understand its adverse effects on yeast cells. The results of these studies identified ~80 proteins as potential "hits" of these two drugs. After preliminary validation of these proteins, approximately 30% were eliminated as false positives and one protein, SIS1, type II Hsp40, showed consistent data indicative of a direct binding interaction.
Dissertation
Lai, Jyun-yi, and 賴駿逸. "Study on the Mesophases of Chiral T-shaped and Rod-like Liquid Crystals Derived from Optically Active Lactic Acid and the Binary Mixture Composing of Different Rod-like Molecules." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66701170539121862388.
Full text大同大學
化學工程學系(所)
100
The aim of the research work was intended to study the effect of terminal chiral chain moiety on the mesophases. By means of compound, 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoic acid (R0) as building block, six homologous series of liquid crystal materials comprised of different chiral chains were synthesized for investigating the correlation between the chemical structure of chiral tails and mesomorphic properties. The first part is to investigate the effect of lengthening the terminal chain on the formation of mesogenic phase for the chiral swallow-tailed compounds I(m=1-3) possessing intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl and ester group. Series of I only have cholesteric LC (N*) phase in cooling process. I(m=2) have the widest temperature range as large as 29.1°C. Second part is the chiral T-shaped compounds, II (n=5, m=2) T5 and II (n=5, m=3) T7 display enantiotropic mesophases of Iso., SmA* and Cr. phases whereas the other compounds have no mesophases in cooling process. An increasing chiral chain length (m) or the spacer length between cyano-biphenyl moiety and phenyl core (n) don’t obviously affect on the formation of mesogenic phase for these compounds. In addition, when the length of the chiral swallow-tailed chain is shorter or the spacer length bwtween cyano-biphenyl moiety and phenyl core is longer, these T-shaped molecules exhibits no mesophase. Only T5 and T7 have SmA* phase in cooling process. Compound T5 exhibits the wider temperature range of SmA* as large as 46.4°C. The third part of the work is to prepare binary mixtures of chiral swallow-tailed compound I(m=2) and chiral dopants S811, N821 and E821 which were synthesized by our laboratory. The structures of chiral dopants are shown below, in order to investigate the effect of chiral dopants upon the chiral swallow-tailed compounds I(m=1-3) on the formation of mesogenic phase. In this series binary mixtures, the ratio of S811 don’t directly influence the formation of TGBA* phase. On the other hand, compound I(m=2) doped with N821 and E821 for the formation of TGBA* phase is apparent. Especially, when the ratio of dopants between 10% and 20%, such as the proportion of 80 % I (m=2) and 20 % E821 has the widest temperature range of TGBA* phase in this series. When the dopant is N821 or E821, the temperature range of N* phase is depressed as the dopant increases. Conversely, the temperature range of SmA* phase is increased as the dopant increases.
Pinto, Ana Cristina Monteiro. "Prediction of the in vitro mixture effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) using the mathematical concepts of concentration addition and independent action." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/131697.
Full textPinto, Ana Cristina Monteiro. "Prediction of the in vitro mixture effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) using the mathematical concepts of concentration addition and independent action." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/131697.
Full textKehrer, Anja. "Die Wirkung von Pharmaka und Pestiziden einzeln und in Kombination auf die Embryonalentwicklung des Zebrabärblings (Danio rerio)." Doctoral thesis, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25168.
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