Relevant bibliographies by topics / Active mixtures

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Active mixtures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 September 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Active mixtures"

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Gaido, Kevin, Li You, and S. Safe. "Modification of endocrine active potential by mixtures." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 11-12 (January 1, 2003): 2069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375112069.

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Wildlife and humans are exposed to a complex mixture of endocrine active chemicals. The activity of a specific chemical in any mixture can be modified through interactions with other components of the mixture. The toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach for risk assessment was developed for chemicals such as halogenated aromatics that induce their effects through ligand-activated receptors. For persistent halogenated aromatic AhR agonists, this approach has some utility. However, the use of the TEF approach for endocrine active compounds is confounded by the unique tissue- and response-specific activities of these structurally diverse compounds. The term selective receptor modulator describes the ability of a natural or synthetic receptor ligand to manifest agonist activity in one tissue or for one response and antagonist activity in other tissues or for another response in the same tissue. Thus, it is possible for chemicals in a mixture to behave in an additive manner for one response and an antagonist manner for another response. A mechanisms-based hazard risk assessment of endocrine active chemical mixtures must account for these multiple variables.
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Carenza, Livio Nicola, Giuseppe Gonnella, Antonio Lamura, and Giuseppe Negro. "Dynamically asymmetric and bicontinuous morphologies in active emulsions." International Journal of Modern Physics C 30, no. 10 (October 2019): 1941002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918311941002x.

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The morphology of a mixture made of a polar active gel immersed in an isotropic passive fluid is studied numerically. Lattice Boltzmann method is adopted to solve the Navier–Stokes equation and coupled to a finite-difference scheme used to integrate the dynamic equations of the concentration and of the polarization of the active component. By varying the relative amounts of the mixture phases, different structures can be observed. In the contractile case, at moderate values of activity, elongated structures are formed when the active component is less abundant, while a dynamic emulsion of passive droplets in an active matrix is obtained for symmetric composition. When the active component is extensile, aster-like rotating droplets and a phase-separated pattern appear for asymmetric and symmetric mixtures, respectively. The relevance of space dimensions in the overall morphology is shown by studying the system in three dimensions in the case of extensile asymmetric mixtures where interconnected tube-like structures span the whole system.
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Chaiya, Pornsit, and Thawatchai Phaechamud. "Compatibility between Magnesium Stearate and Pharmaceutical Acidic Active Compounds/Excipients with DSC." Key Engineering Materials 856 (August 2020): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.856.190.

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Compatibility investigation was performed between magnesium stearate and acidic drug compounds (ibuprofen, indomethacin and valproic acid) and acidic pharmaceutical excipients (lactic acid and citric acid) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC study indicated the possible incompatibility for the mixture between magnesium stearate and any compounds. Alteration in DSC thermogram was found in all mixtures. The eutectic phenomenon was found in the powder mixture of magnesium stearate and ibuprofen. In addition, the presence of melting endothermic peak of stearic acid in other powder mixtures except the mixture of magnesium stearate and indomethacin indicating breakage of salt form of magnesium stearate. This alteration could relate to the influence on physicochemical properties of drug compounds and pharmaceutical excipients which powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) should be further analyzed to confirm the interactions between compounds.
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KIDALOV, N. A. "DETERMINATION OF ACTIVE CLAY IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE MOLDING MIXTURE." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 7(278) (July 2023): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2023-7-278-42-47.

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This article is devoted to determining the content of active clay in molding mixtures depending on their composition. It is shown that the processing of the clay affects the amount of active bentonite in the mixture.
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Stoeckli, F., G. Couderc, A. Lavanchy, D. Wintgens, and P. Girardin. "The Non-Ideality of the System Benzene + 1,2-Dichloroethane Adsorbed in Microporous Carbons at 293 K." Adsorption Science & Technology 18, no. 6 (July 2000): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0263617001493648.

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In the case of simple vapour mixtures adsorbed by active carbons, the activity coefficients seem to depend essentially on the composition of the adsorbed phase, rather than on the degree of micropore filling. Consequently, the liquid–solid adsorption equilibrium of benzene + 1,2-dichloroethane mixtures has been investigated at 293 K, using a typical active carbon and following earlier work for adsorption from the vapour phase. This system has the advantage that the mixture is ideal in the liquid state, which provides a convenient reference for the study of the adsorbed phase. The activity coefficients, as well as the excess enthalpy of immersion of the carbon into the liquid mixtures, provide information on the modifications in the adsorbed state with respect to the ideal mixture. It is also shown that the introduction of the activity coefficients derived from the solid–liquid equilibrium increases considerably the accuracy of the Myers–Prausnitz–Dubinin model for the adsorption of the vapour mixtures.
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Fields, Paul G., Sheila Woods, and Wesley G. Taylor. "Triterpenoid saponins synergize insecticidal pea peptides: effect on feeding and survival of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Canadian Entomologist 142, no. 5 (October 2010): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n10-024.

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AbstractThe triterpenoid saponins soyasaponin I, dehydrosoyasaponin I, echinocystic acid 3-glucoside, β-escin, glycyrrhizic acid, hederacoside C, and α-hederin were tested alone and in combination with insecticidal PA1b peptide mixtures isolated from peas for their effects on the feeding and survival of a stored-product insect, the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.). There were two sources of peptides: a purified extract composed primarily of PA1b peptides and a partially purified extract (C8 extract) that contained mainly peptides and lesser amounts of soyasaponin I, dehydrosoyasaponin I, and other compounds. Dehydrosoyasaponin I, echinocystic acid 3-glucoside, α-hederin, and β-escin were active (causing reduced feeding and increased mortality) when used alone. Soyasaponin I, hederacoside C, and glycyrrhizic acid were inactive when used alone. Purified peptides and C8 extract were active when used alone. The mixtures of the inactive soyasaponin I and the active peptides were as active as peptides alone, even when peptides composed only 10% of the mixture. Similar trends were seen with the mixtures of β-escin and PA1b. In general, the mixtures of saponins and peptides were synergistic. Possible modes of synergistic action are discussed.
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Farouk Mansour, A., F. Pudil, V. Janda, and J. Pokorný. "Changes during the extrusion of semolina in mixture with sugars." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 19, No. 1 (February 7, 2013): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6570-cjfs.

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Wheat semolina and its mixtures with 5% glucose, fructose of sucrose were processed in a sigle screw extruder at the maximum temperature of 140°C and the processing time of 30 s. The nonenzymic browning was only moderate, but it was substantially more intensive in mixtures with glucose or fructose than in the case of wheat semolina or its mixture with sucrose. Red and yellow pigments were mainly formed. The odour acceptability was affected by the presence of sugars almost negligibly, but the intensities were different, higher in extruded mixtures with glucose and fructose than in wheat semolina or its mixture with sucrose. Small differences were observed in the sensory profile. Extrusion of semolina with sugars produced more sensory active volatiles (52–69 identified compounds) than in extruded semolina (41 compounds). Pyrazines, furans and pyrans were the most important sensory active compounds. Their amounts increased by the addition of sugars to semolina; the mixture of semolina with glucose was particularly rich in active compounds. The formation of pyrazines was more enhanced by the addition of fructose than of other sugars. Maltol, butyrolactone and acetic acid were present in large amounts. Even if sensory characteristics were improved by addition of sugars to semolina, the difference was not very pronounced.
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Binchiciu, Emilia Florina, Nicușor Alin Sîrbu, Ionelia Voiculescu, Victor Geantă, and Gabriela Victoria Mnerie. "Research on Metallurgic Active Precursors." Advanced Materials Research 1153 (May 2019): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1153.46.

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The paper presents the current state of researches carried out in order to improve homogeneity of mixtures for metallic powders; our priority is those with different participation in the mixture, by mechanical alloying. Mixtures of this type are used in the production of welding and related materials.Recently, research has been done to improve deposited metal properties by welding with coated electrodes, by depositing nanostructures, with uncertain results due to the low degree of homogeneity of blends involved in the electrode coating.The performance enhancement method for coated rods, developed by introducing in their coat activating precursors, used for brazing, is well known. The solution to improve the degree of homogeneity of alloying systems by mechanical alloying has been successfully applied for the manufacture of coated electrodes and those tubular with a composite core which are deposited by manual welding or TIG welding, type Fe25% Cr-4% W-V-Ti-La. The grouping of powder components for mechanical alloying was done in such a way that, finally, we have groups with the granulation, respectively specific weight, close and a low potential of segregation.The method of mechanical alloying of the components was used in the manufacture of coated rods in order to improve the fluidity of silver-rich buffer layers deposited in order to favor the diffusion phenomena of brazing alloys in the base materials.Testing the homogeneity of the alloying systems was performed indirectly by metallographic analysis and sclerometric tests.
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de Castro, Pablo, Francisco M. Rocha, Saulo Diles, Rodrigo Soto, and Peter Sollich. "Diversity of self-propulsion speeds reduces motility-induced clustering in confined active matter." Soft Matter 17, no. 43 (2021): 9926–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm01009c.

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Mixtures of active particles with more diverse swim speeds form smaller persistence-induced clusters. Their average cluster size is equal to that of one-component systems whose swim speed is the harmonic mean of the swim speeds of the mixture.
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de Castro, Pablo, Francisco M. Rocha, Saulo Diles, Rodrigo Soto, and Peter Sollich. "Diversity of self-propulsion speeds reduces motility-induced clustering in confined active matter." Soft Matter 17, no. 43 (2021): 9926–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm01009c.

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Mixtures of active particles with more diverse swim speeds form smaller persistence-induced clusters. Their average cluster size is equal to that of one-component systems whose swim speed is the harmonic mean of the swim speeds of the mixture.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Active mixtures"

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Baxter, David P. Nav E. (David Paul)Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Toward robust active semantic SLAM via Max-Mixtures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127041.

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Thesis: Nav. E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, May, 2020
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, May, 2020
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-78).
In a step towards the level of autonomy seen in humans, this work attempts to emulate a high level and low level approach to world representation and short term adaptation. Specifically, this work demonstrates an implementation of robotic perception that transforms stereo camera and LIDAR sensor data into a sparse map of semantic objects and a locally consistent flexible occupancy grid. This provides a topological representation for grouping objects into higher level classes and a geometric map for traditional planning. Additionally, a reactive dynamic window obstacle avoidance system is shown to quickly plan short term trajectories that avoid both static and dynamic objects while progressing towards a goal. To combine computational efficiency with the robust advantages of multimodal inference, this work uses Semantic Max Mixture factors to approximate multimodal belief in a manner compatible to nonlinear least squares solvers. Experimental results are presented using a RACECAR mobile robot operating in several hallways of MIT, using AprilTags as surrogates for objects in the Semantic Max Mixtures Algorithm. Future work will seek to further integrate the components to create a closed-loop active semantic navigation and mapping algorithm.
by David P. Baxter.
Nav. E.
S.M.
Nav.E. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Stellner, Kevin Lance. "Precipitation of surfactants and surfactant mixtures in aqueous solutions /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1987.

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Burkitt, S. J. "Properties of flurocarbon and hydrocarbon surface active agent mixtures." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375002.

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El, Ismaili Mohammed. "Out-of-equilibrium Binary Colloidal Mixtures : Experimental magnetic system and simulations of active Lennard-Jones mixtures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0172.

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Les systèmes vivants consomment continuellement de l'énergie et ont ainsi accès à des états hors-équilibre qui leur confèrent des propriétés fascinantes. L'étude physique des systèmes vivants repose souvent sur des analogies avec des systèmes de la matière molle, tels que les colloïdes. Dans cette thèse, nous investiguons deux systèmes colloïdaux bidimensionnels hors l'équilibre thermodynamique, qui présentent des phénomènes d'auto-assemblage, de viscoélasticité, de transitions de phase et de ségrégation semblables à ceux de certains systèmes biologiques. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous étudions expérimentalement et théoriquement la dynamique des agrégats de colloïdes paramagnétiques sous un champ magnétique tournant, qui agit comme une source constante d'énergie. Nous caractérisons la dynamique de rotation des agrégats, que nous expliquons par un modèle théorique qui décrit l'émergence de propriétés viscoélastiques collectives. Le modèle capture avec succès la dépendance entre la vitesse de rotation mesurée et les caractéristiques des particules, des agrégats et du champ, et il fournit une estimation de la viscoélasticité de l'agrégat. Nous étendons notre étude au cas des agrégats binaires de deux types de colloïdes, qui ont des tailles et des susceptibilités magnétiques différentes. La dynamique des agrégats en fonction des compositions est correctement décrite par notre modèle théorique généralisé. Nous caractérisons également l'évolution de la structure de ces agrégats binaires, qui rappelle la ségrégation entre deux liquides non miscibles. Motivés par les phénomènes d'étalement des agrégats vivants, nous étudions ensuite le désassemblage d'un agrégat de colloïdes en réponse à un changement du champ magnétique externe, par expérience et théorie. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous étudions un mélange binaire de colloïdes de Lennard-Jones actifs et passifs, caractérisés par deux températures effectives différentes, ce qui correspond à une différence d'activité scalaire. Nous effectuons des simulations de dynamique moléculaire où les deux types de colloïdes sont couplés à deux thermostats différents. Nous nous intéressons à deux systèmes de référence à l'équilibre thermodynamique : un mélange homogène et un système interfacial gaz-liquide. Nous amenons ces systèmes à des états stationnaires hors-équilibre en introduisant une différence de température effective entre les deux espèces, et nous étudions systématiquement les changements de structure et propriétés qui en résultent. Pour le système homogène, l'introduction d'une différence d'activité entre les deux espèces déplace le mélange du solide vers l'état liquide et le rend plus déformable que ce qui correspondrait à la température effective moyenne du système. Lorsque la différence d'activité dépasse un certain seuil, des phénomènes de ségrégation sont observés. Pour le système interfacial, nous étudions l'effet de l'activité sur une interface gaz-liquide pré-existante entre deux espèces séparées. Nous constatons qu'une différence d'activité élevée induit la formation de nouvelles interfaces solide-liquide, tandis qu'une différence faible déstabilise les interfaces liquide-gaz préexistantes. De plus, la combinaison d'une interface préexistante avec une activité différentielle conduit à une cristallisation partielle et donc à une coexistence de trois phases (solide, liquide et gaz). Les résultats obtenus dans ces systèmes idéalisés pourraient guider notre compréhension et mettre en évidence des mécanismes physiques présents dans les systèmes biologiques, où des comportements dynamiques similaires sont observés
Living systems generally operate in non-equilibrium states by continuously consuming energy, thus exhibiting rich collective dynamics and properties. Physical investigations often rely on analogies with model systems in soft matter, such as colloids. In this thesis, we develop two colloidal model systems that operate in non-equilibrium states and exhibit interesting phenomena similar to those of certain biological systems, such as self-assembly, viscoelasticity, phase transitions, and segregation. In the first part of this thesis, we study experimentally and theoretically the dynamics of two-dimensional clusters of paramagnetic colloids under a time-varying magnetic field. Due to the continuous energy input by the rotating field, these self-assembled clusters are at a dissipative non-equilibrium state. We experimentally characterize the dynamics of cluster rotation and we develop a theoretical model to explain the observations by the emergence of collective viscoelastic properties. The model successfully captures the observed dependence on particle, cluster, and field characteristics, and it provides an estimate of cluster viscoelasticity. We extend our study to the case of binary clusters of colloids of two different sizes and magnetic susceptibilities. The composition dependence of the rotation dynamics is successfully captured by a generalization of our theoretical model. We also investigate the evolution of the internal distribution of the two particle types, reminiscent of segregation in a drop of two immiscible liquids, and the effect of such structure on the rotation dynamics. Next, we study cluster disassembly in response to a change in the external field. The experimentally observed disassembly dynamics are successfully described by a model, which moreover provides an estimate of the particle-substrate friction coefficient. In the second part of the thesis, we investigate a two-dimensional binary mixture of active and passive Lennard-Jones colloids, characterized by different degrees of scalar activity, modeled by an effective temperature difference. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of this system using two different thermostats. We consider two equilibrium reference systems: a homogeneous system and a gas-liquid interfacial system. We drive these systems out-of-equilibrium by increasing the effective temperature difference and we systematically investigate the effect on their behaviors and properties. For the homogeneous system, our results indicate that the presence of differential activity shifts the mixture from solid towards the liquid state and renders it more deformable than a homogeneous state at the average temperature. The binary mixture remains homogeneous for moderate activity difference between the two species, and segregation arises for a sufficiently large activity difference. For the interfacial system, we investigate the effect of activity on a pre-existing gas-liquid interface between two separated species. We find that a high activity difference induces the formation of new solid-liquid interfaces, whereas a low difference destabilizes pre-existing liquid-gas interfaces. Moreover, the combination of a pre-existent interface with differential activity leads to partial crystallization and thus to triple phase coexistence (solid, liquid, and gas), which is observed over a wide range of differential activities. Our findings from these idealized systems could guide our understanding and point to certain physical mechanisms at play in biological systems, where similar dynamical behaviors are observed
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Seeger, Bettina [Verfasser]. "Risk assessment of hormonally active pesticide residue mixtures / Bettina Seeger." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1107039568/34.

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Ravichandran, Arvind [Verfasser], Gerhard [Gutachter] Gompper, and Tobias [Gutachter] Bollenbach. "Active Dynamics in Filament-Motor Mixtures / Arvind Ravichandran ; Gutachter: Gerhard Gompper, Tobias Bollenbach." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160379351/34.

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Guardigli, Gianluca. "Effect of active mineral or hydrated lime fillers on ageing and moisture of bituminous mixtures." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20097/.

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This thesis attempts to provide a deeper understanding of the effect of mineral fillers on the aging of bitumen with and without the presence of moisture in the mixture. More specifically, a chemical and mechanical performance characterization of mineral fillers containing hydrated lime was carried out, deepening the issue of degradation and carbonation in limestone following oxidative aging. Six different mineral fillers have been used in this research; the fillers differed with respect to the amount of active hydrated lime. The mixtures of bitumen-mineral fillers were prepared according to a single design protocol. The resulting mastics together with the neat bitumen were subjected to accelerated aging in the laboratory by means of the Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV). The ageing protocols differed with regard to the gas that was used and the presence of humidity. After each conditioning protocol, the samples were tested by using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) and Fourier Transfer Infrared spectrometer (FTIR). DSR was used to determine the rheological properties of materials, such as relaxation, fatigue and stiffness. FTIR was used to study the chemical composition of fillers and mastics before and after conditioning. The FTIR measurements were further used to develop a methodology that enables the quantification of the degradation of hydrated lime due to moisture and ageing effects.
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Jayawardane, D. "Investigating the adsorption and surface active behaviour of silk fibroin peptides and mixtures of peptide and conventional surfactants." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17685/.

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The work herein investigates the surface active properties of short peptides and their interactions with conventional surfactants. Short peptides can be designed to mimic the structures of conventional surfactants such as SDS and C12TAB. Such peptide structures include V6K peptide, which are attractive in many fields and applications as they can be more biocompatible, biodegradable and environmentally friendlier substitutes to harsh surfactants. Similar peptide structures can also be found naturally occurring in proteins, such as silk fibroin, and can then be liberated by breaking down the protein into its constituent peptides. The interaction of these peptides with conventional surfactants at the air-liquid and solid-liquid interface have not been investigated before. The adsorption behaviour and structures formed at the solid-liquid interface were examined using Ellipsometry and Neutron Reflection.
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El, Masri Sarah. "Low transition temperature mixtures based on cyclodextrins as solubilizing vehicles in pharmaceutical preparations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2024. https://documents.univ-littoral.fr/access/content/group/50b76a52-4e4b-4ade-a198-f84bc4e1bc3c/BULCO/Th%C3%A8ses/Toxicologie/122040_EL_MASRI_2024_archivage.pdf.

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L'amélioration de la solubilité est un aspect critique dans la formulation et le développement de nouvelles molécules thérapeutiques. Pour surmonter les défis associés à une faible solubilité, les chercheurs ont évalué de nombreuses stratégies, dont l'utilisation de cyclodextrines et de cosolvants. Cette dernière approche est une technique simple et efficace, dans laquelle des solvants organiques sont utilisés pour améliorer la solubilité des composés peu solubles dans l'eau. Ces dernières années, les solvants eutectiques profonds (DESs) ont émergé comme une alternative abordable et verte comparée aux solvants organiques, d'autant plus qu'ils sont très prometteurs pour la solubilisation de molécules hydrophobes. Plus récemment, des DESs à base de cyclodextrines (CDs) ont été introduits sous le nom de "solvants eutectiques profonds supramoléculaires"(SUPRADESs). Les cyclodextrines (CDs) sont des molécules cages, réputées pour leur capacité à améliorer la solubilité et la stabilité des principes actifs encapsulés dans leur cavité. Cette étude visait à évaluer le potentiel de DESs et de SUPRADESs pour une application dans des préparations pharmaceutiques. À cette fin, un panel de DESs et de SUPRADESs sélectionnés a été d'abord préparé et caractérisé. La calorimétrie différentielle à balayage (DSC) et l'analyse thermogravimétrique (TGA) ont démontré que les solvants étaient liquides sur une large plage de température et stables jusqu'à 100°C. Les mesures de densité et de viscosité ont montré que les propriétés des DESs pouvaient être ajustées en fonction de leur composition. Les spectroscopies infrarouges (IR) et de résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) ont fourni des preuves de la formation de liaisons hydrogène au sein des solvants préparés. Ensuite, la solubilité et la stabilité d'une série de principes actifs (APIs) peu solubles dans l'eau ont été évaluées. Les solvants ont montré une amélioration significative de la solubilité et une bonne stabilité après une année de stockage. L'effet de l'ajout d'eau sur le pouvoir solubilisant a également été évalué. Ces expériences ont mis en évidence l'avantage des SUPRADESs par rapport aux DESs car ils se sont révélés plus résistants à l'effet de dilution. Ce comportement a été attribué à la formation de complexe d'inclusion CD/API, comme le prouvent les études RMN. Enfin, les expériences de libération de médicaments ont montré que l'utilisation des DESs et des SUPRADESs entraînait une augmentation des taux de dissolution par rapport au médicament intact. Dans l'ensemble, ces résultats soulignent le pouvoir des DESs et des SUPRADESs à être utilisés comme solvants dans les formulations pharmaceutiques
Solubility enhancement is a critical aspect in the formulation and development of novel drug molecules. To overcome challenges associated with poor solubility, formulation scientists have explored numerous strategies, among them the use of cyclodextrins and cosolvents. The latter approach is a simple and effective method, where organic solvents are used to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds. In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a cheap and green alternative to organic solvents, showing great promise for the solubilization of hydrophobic molecules. More recently, DESs based on cyclodextrins (CDs) have been introduced under the name "supramolecular deep eutectic solvents" (SUPRADESs). Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cage molecules renowned for their ability to enhance the solubility and stability of drug molecules entrapped inside their cavity.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of DESs and SUPRADESs for use in pharmaceutical preparations. To this end, a panel of selected DESs and SUPRADESs were first prepared and characterized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the solvents are liquid over a broad temperature range and stable up to 100°C. Density and viscovity measurements showed that DESs' properties can be tuned depending on their composition. Infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies provided evidence of hydrogen bonds formation in the prepared solvents. Further, the solubility and stability of a series of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were evaluated. The solvents displayed significant solubility enhancement and good stability after a year of storage. In addition, the effect of water addition on the solubilizing potential was evaluated. These experiments highlighted the advantage of using SUPRADESs over DESs, since they were revealed to be more resistant to dilution effect. This was attributed to the formation of CD/API inclusion complex, as proved by NMR studies. Finally, drug release experiments showed that the use of DESs and SUPRADESs resulted in increased dissolution rates compared to the solid drug. Overall, these findings support the potential of DESs and SUPRADESs for being used as solubilizing vehicles in phamaceutical formulations
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Dinelli, Alberto. "Scalar active matter across scales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP7003.

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La matière active englobe les systèmes hors d'équilibre dont les constituants microscopiques exercent des forces d'auto-propulsion non conservatives sur leur environnement. L'auto-organisation des unités actives en structures complexes est observée à toutes les échelles dans le monde vivant, des écosystèmes bactériens aux groupes d'oiseaux. De plus, ces dernières années, les physiciens et les chimistes ont été capables de concevoir des particules synthétiques capables d'auto-propulsion, telles que les colloïdes de Janus auto-phorétiques ou les rollers de Quincke, ouvrant ainsi la voie à la réalisation de matériaux actifs intelligents. À cet égard, comprendre le lien entre la dynamique microscopique des particules actives et leurs propriétés à grande échelle est un problème crucial tant pour la biologie que pour l'ingénierie bio-mimétique. Dans ce manuscrit, nous comblons cette lacune pour un certain nombre de systèmes actifs scalaires, i.e. des systèmes actifs dont le seul mode hydrodynamique à grande échelle est le champ de densité. En particulier, une grande partie du manuscrit est consacrée aux systèmes actifs à plusieurs composants, ou mélanges actifs, dont l'étude est pertinente pour obtenir des descriptions plus réalistes des communautés biologiques: des écosystèmes animaux aux colonies bactériennes, la polydispersité est omniprésente dans les systèmes vivants. Le manuscrit est structuré comme suit. Dans le chapitre 1, nous présentons une revue méthodologique sur les techniques de coarse-graining dans les systèmes actifs scalaires. Ces méthodes sont ensuite appliquées dans le chapitre 2 pour caractériser le comportement à grande échelle de particules actives en présence de différents mécanismes tactiques. La deuxième partie de la thèse est consacrée aux comportements collectifs dans les systèmes actifs scalaires en interaction. Dans le chapitre 3, nous étudions la régulation de la motilité non réciproque dans les mélanges binaires de particules actives, révélant l'impact de la non-réciprocité microscopique sur l'organisation macroscopique du système. Suivant cette ligne, dans le chapitre 4, nous considérons un écosystème bactérien où un grand nombre d'espèces coexistent ensemble, révélant comment une infime régulation de la motilité aléatoire peut suffire à favoriser la formation de communautés bactériennes distinctes. Pour conclure, dans le chapitre 5, nous passons de la matière biologique à la matière active synthétique, en étudiant un modèle de bâtonnets de Quincke autopropulsés. En particulier, nous montrons comment ces particules subissent une transition de condensation arrêtée, où la compétition entre quorum sensing et répulsion stérique est cruciale pour stabiliser les phases coexistantes
Active matter encompasses out-of-equilibrium systems whose microscopic constituents exert non-conservative self-propulsion forces on their environment. The self-organization of active units into complex structures is observed at all scales in the living world, from bacterial ecosystems to flocks of birds. Furthermore, in recent years, physicists and chemists have been able to engineer synthetic particles capable of self-propulsion, such as self-phoretic Janus colloids or Quincke rollers, thus paving the way towards the realization of smart active materials. In this regard, understanding the link between the microscopic dynamics of active particles and their large-scale properties is a crucial problem for both biology and bio-inspired engineering. In this manuscript, we bridge this gap for a number of scalar active systems, i.e. active systems where the only large-scale hydrodynamic mode is the conserved density field. In particular, a large part of the manuscript is devoted to multi-component active systems---or active mixtures---whose study is relevant to achieve more realistic descriptions of biological communities: from animal ecosystems to bacterial colonies, polydispersity is ubiquitous in living systems. The manuscript is structured as follows. In Chapter 1 we provide a methodological review of coarse-graining techniques in scalar active systems. These methods are then applied in Chapter 2 to characterize the large-scale behaviors of non-interacting active particles with different tactic mechanisms. The second part of the thesis is devoted to collective behaviors in interacting scalar active systems. In Chapter 3 we study the impact of non-reciprocal motility regulation in binary mixtures of active particles, and show how the microscopic non-reciprocity affects the macroscopic organization of the system. Following this line, in Chapter 4 we consider a bacterial ecosystem where a large number of species coexist, revealing how weak, random motility regulation can be sufficient to promote the formation of distinct bacterial communities. To conclude, in Chapter 5 we shift from biological to synthetic active matter, studying a model for self-propelled Quincke rods. In particular, we show how these rods can undergo an arrested condensation transition, where the interplay between quorum-sensing and steric repulsion is crucial to stabilize the coexisting phases
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Books on the topic "Active mixtures"

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Lehprasert, A. The influence of surface active chemicals on the separation of dilute oil/water mixtures by usingfibre bed coalescers. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Panteleev, Andrey, and Anastasija Inos. The Language of Advertising: Graphic, Grammar and Pragmatic Aspects. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02043-2.

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This monograph deals with the problem of functioning peculiarities of graphic expressive means and grammar means in the language of modern Russian advertising. This research work treats the advertising discourse as a composite indirect speech act. Active use of adverbial modifiers of manner — deverbatives, elliptical and indefinite personal one-member sentences is characteristic of modern advertising texts. A most distinguishing feature of a modern advertising text is a mixture of Cyrillic and Latin fonts that contributes to the manifestation of an expressive potential of the application. The monograph is aimed at students of Philology, students major in Management and Marketing, masters, postgraduates, staff of higher educational establishments and all those who are interested in the Russian language.
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Polonina, Elena, Sergey Leonovich, Sergey Fedosov, and Valeriy Yaglov. Structural concrete with a complex addition of hydrothermal nanosilicon and carbon nanotubes. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1981690.

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The monograph is devoted to improving the methods of directed and controlled regulation of the C — S — H-gel structure by varying the doses, sizes, physical and chemical characteristics of the surface, and the nanoparticles used. The authors have developed an additive that additionally contains a superplasticizer to reduce the water demand of the concrete mixture and stabilize the nanoparticles. The dependences of the strength growth of cement stone and structural heavy concrete on the components of the complex additive are revealed. Experimental confirmation of the mechanism of action of a combined nano—additive with a reduced consumption of nanoparticles on the structure of C — S - H-gel was obtained based on the results of the application of a set of methods. It is revealed that the use of a complex additive contributes to a proportional increase in the reduced modulus of elasticity, hardness, and mechanical characteristics of Portland cement stone and concrete. The study of the additive in the conditions of the construction site showed the prospects of its application for construction, ensuring a reduction in the cost of the technology of nanomodification of concrete relative to the effect of improving performance. For specialists of research, construction and design organizations dealing with the modification of concrete with nanomaterials, as well as for students, undergraduates, postgraduates, teachers who work on the problems of building materials science.
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Sheila, Davey, World Health Organization, UNICEF, and World Bank, eds. State of the world's vaccines and immunization. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.

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Wiffen, Philip, Marc Mitchell, Melanie Snelling, and Nicola Stoner. Herbal medicines. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199603640.003.0008.

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Herbal drugs 150General information about commonly used herbal medications 154Chinese herbal medicine 157Herbal interactions 158Perioperative considerations for herbal drugs 160The efficacy and safety of herbal drugs present a number of issues to pharmacists. Herbal drugs are more often complex mixtures of active constituents that vary in quality for a number of reasons, such as environmental and genetic factors. Furthermore, the constituents responsible for the claimed therapeutic effects are frequently unknown or only partly explained....
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Mixture Puzzles Book for Kids: Keep Your Kids Mind More Active with 80 Mixed Brain Puzzles. Independently Published, 2020.

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Madridi, Zaki. Mixture Puzzles Book for Adults: 80 Puzzles to Exercise Your Brain, Let Your Mind More Active Everyday. Independently Published, 2020.

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Datta, Sreeradha, ed. Bangladesh on a New Journey. Bloomsbury Academic India, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9789356405691.

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This volume contributes to understanding Bangladesh's growth story, as it celebrates 50 years of independence. The fastest growing South Asian state is being recognised as an important partner and model case study with increasing global relevance by world powers. Sreeradha Datta reviews many of its critical bilateral relationships, as well as its expanding influence in the region and world beyond, enabling an understanding of how Bangladesh's growth trajectory complements and informs its foreign policy aims. The volume has a mixture of thematic and bilateral chapters, and includes the active Bangladeshi diaspora population and its influence on the country's unfolding narrative. Datta features the viewpoints of key Bangladeshi policy makers; expert takes on how the world is engaging with Bangladesh; and covers the growing salience of Bangladesh's foreign policy, reflecting its new acquired economic status.
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ENGINEERING IN PRACTICE: education, research, and applications. Brazil Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-257-0020-5.

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This book gathers 10 articles jointly written by students and alumni from the Fluminense Federal University (UFF)’s Production Engineering course, located in the Rio das Ostras Campus, in Rio de Janeiro, and by professors from UFF, from Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro State Institute, Northern Fluminense University, Estácio de Sá University and Cândido Mendes University. The publication is a Material, Maintenance and Environmental Engineering Lab (L3MA) initiative. By offering it to the public, the objective is to spread the scientific research that we are promoting and to encourage ou students and former students to enter the academic and scientific environment, as well as its propagation. Within this book, we compile articles of different subjects in the field of engineering, particularly Production Engineering. Technology and science are present in almost every aspect of life in the contemporary world and the present collection of articles portrays part of this reality. The subjects discussed in this book include active methodologies for engineering education, waste reduction, pipelines’ integrity evaluation, analysis of the chemical process industry, management of solid waste, mathematical model to aid public transport scripting process, variability in coffee packaging process and viability of incorporating ash residues from sugarcane bagasse into a soil-cement mixture.
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Patisaul, Heather B., and Scott M. Belcher. Defining Endocrine Disruption. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199935734.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 reviews the origin of the concept of endocrine disruption and presents a comprehensive treatment of the changing and often competing definitions of endocrine disruptors. The factors influencing the different definitions, impacts of including specific terms, such as “adverse” or “harm,” in this definition, and the important influences surrounding a specific definition are examined. Building on this background, the concept and definition of “neuroendocrine disruption” as “an exogenous chemical substance or mixture that alters the structure or function(s) of the neuroendocrine system” are presented. The distinctions between neurotoxicity and neuroendocrine disruption are delineated, and sources of endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) exposures from man-made chemicals and “natural” compounds are discussed. Key concepts related to EDC action, including critical windows of sensitivity, early life exposure and later in life disease, multigenerational effects, non-linear and non-monotonic dose responses, low-dose and sex-specific effects, along with key toxicological definitions, are presented.
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Book chapters on the topic "Active mixtures"

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Carney, Ed, Kent Woodburn, and Craig Rowlands. "Endocrine Active Chemicals." In Principles and Practice of Mixtures Toxicology, 421–42. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527630196.ch17.

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Chen, Junyu, Shiliang Sun, and Jing Zhao. "Multi-label Active Learning with Conditional Bernoulli Mixtures." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 954–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97304-3_73.

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McLanahan, Eva D., and Jeffrey W. Fisher. "Thyroid-Active Environmental Pollutants and Their Interactions on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis." In Principles and Practice of Mixtures Toxicology, 469–83. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527630196.ch19.

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Betti, G., G. Airey, K. Jenkins, A. Marradi, and G. Tebaldi. "Active Filler’s Effect on In Situ Performances of Bitumen Emulsion Recycled Mixtures." In RILEM Bookseries, 799–810. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7342-3_64.

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Dosieah, Gopesh Yadav, Anıl Özdemir, Melvin Gauci, and Roderich Groß. "Moving Mixtures of Active and Passive Elements with Robots that Do Not Compute." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 183–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20176-9_15.

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Granier, Agnès. "Surface Wave Plasmas in O2-N2 Mixtures as Active Species Sources for Surface Treatments." In Microwave Discharges, 491–501. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1130-8_31.

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Rodakiewicz-Nowak, Janina. "Surface Interactions Between Two Simultaneously Adsorbing Surfactants Mixtures of Anionic and Cationic Surface Active Agents." In Surfactants in Solution, 1067–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7981-6_42.

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Apollonov, V. V. "Formation of the Active Medium in Lasers with Rare-Gas Mixtures Pumped by Optical Breakdown." In High-Energy Molecular Lasers, 349–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33359-5_42.

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Plotto, Anne, James P. Mattheis, David S. Lundahl, and Mina R. McDaniel. "Validation of Gas Chromatography Olfactometry Results for 'Gala' Apples by Evaluation of Aroma-Active Compound Mixtures." In ACS Symposium Series, 290–302. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0705.ch024.

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Brisebourg, Mathieu Q., Bernard Boilait, Francis Rebillat, and Francis Teyssandier. "Original In-Situ Method to Quantify the SiC Active Corrosion Rate and Active/Passive Transition in Ar/O2and Ar/H2O Gas Mixtures at Very High Temperatures." In Advanced Ceramic Coatings and Materials for Extreme Environments II, 77–88. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118217474.ch7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Active mixtures"

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Gosangi, Rakesh, Ricardo Gutierrez-Osuna, and Perena Gouma. "Quantification of Gas Mixtures with Active Recursive Estimation." In OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3626292.

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Pős, Peter, Ján Ondruška, Martin Keppert, and Anton Trník. "Directional thermal expansion of illite/smectite-waste glass mixtures." In INTELLIGENT BIOTECHNOLOGIES OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES: XIV Narochanskie Readings. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0151080.

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FOMIN, P. A. "EXPLOSION AND DETONATION PROCESSES IN CHEMICALLY ACTIVE BUBBLY SYSTEMS." In International Colloquia on Pulsed and Continuous Detonations. TORUS PRESS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/icpcd12b11.

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Review of the results of the study of explosive and detonation processes in chemically active bubbly mixtures obtained by the present author and his colleagues is presented. These results expand and complement practice of theoretical and experimental investigation of high-rate processes in the mixtures under consideration.
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Sattar, Abdul, Yasser Aidarous, and Renaud Seguier. "GAGM-AAM: A genetic optimization with Gaussian mixtures for Active Appearance Models." In 2008 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2008.4712481.

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Kovács, Tibor, and Anton Trník. "Thermal expansion of illitic clay and CaCO3 mixtures during thermal treatment up to 1200 °C." In INTELLIGENT BIOTECHNOLOGIES OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES: XIV Narochanskie Readings. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0146750.

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Rebrov, A. K. "GAS-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF DIAMOND STRUCTURES." In 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NONEQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES, PLASMA, COMBUSTION, AND ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA. TORUS PRESS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/nepcap2018-2-01.

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The diamond synthesis from vapor (gas) phase is realized under complex influence of nonequilibrium transfer processes in activated gas mixtures by formation of carbon structures on a nascent diamond surface. The microwave plasma generates an active gas mixture and fragments of building material are transported
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FOMIN, P. A. "EXPLOSION AND DETONATION PROCESSES IN CHEMICALLY ACTIVE BUBBLY SYSTEMS." In 12TH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PULSED AND CONTINUOUS DETONATIONS. TORUS PRESS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/icpcd12a19.

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Fokanov, V. P., and A. B. Pavlov. "Kinetic research of active mixtures of the XeF excimer laser with optical pumping." In Laser Optics 2000, edited by Oleg B. Danilov. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.417707.

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Huang, Jin, and Ricardo Gutierrez-Osuna. "Active analysis of chemical mixtures with multi-modal sparse non-negative least squares." In ICASSP 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6639376.

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Oliinyk, Andrij, Boris Nezamay, and Artur Shalamai. "FEATURES OF STRESS-STRAIN STATE MODELING OF PIPELINES WITH GAS-LIQUID CHEMICALLY ACTIVE MIXTURES." In Problèmes et perspectives d'introduction de la recherche scientifique innovante. Plateforme scientifique européenne, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/29.11.2019.v2.08.

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Reports on the topic "Active mixtures"

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Michel Jr., Frederick C., Harry A. J. Hoitink, Yitzhak Hadar, and Dror Minz. Microbial Communities Active in Soil-Induced Systemic Plant Disease Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586476.bard.

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Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) is a highly variable property that can be induced by compost amendment of potting media and soils. For example, previous studies showed that only 1 of 79 potting mixes prepared with different batches of mature composts produced from several different types of solid wastes were able to suppress the severity of bacterial leaf spot of radish caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae compared with disease on plants produced in a nonamended sphagnum peat mix. In this project, microbial consortia in the rhizosphere of plants grown in ISR-active compost-amended substrates were characterized. The plants used included primarily cucumber but also tomato and radish. Rhizosphere microbial consortia were characterized using multiple molecular tools including DGGE (Israel) and T -RFLP (Ohio) in both ISR-active field plots and potting media. Universal as well as population-specific bacterial and fungal PCR primers were utilized. T -RFLP analyses using universal bacterial primers showed few significant differences in overall bacterial community composition in ISR-active and inactive substrates (Ohio). In addition, the community members which were significantly different varied when different ISR-activecomposts were used (Ohio). To better characterize the shifts in microbial community structure during the development of ISR, population specific molecular tools were developed (Israel, Ohio).-PCR primers were designed to detect and quantify bacterial groups including Pyrenomycetes, Bacillus, Pan toea, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Streptomyces as well as Trichoderma and Fusarium; two groups of fungi that harbor isolates which are ISR active (Isreal and Ohio). Bacterial consortia associated with cucumber plants grown in compost-amended potting mixtures were shown to be dominated by the phylogenetic taxon Bacteroidetes, including members of the genus Chryseobacterium, which in some cases have been shown to be involved in biocontrol (Israel). Nested-PCR-DGGE analyses coupled with long l6S rDNA sequencing, demonstrated that the Chryseobacteriumspp. detected on seed and the root in compost-amended treatments were derived from the compost itself. The most effective ISR inducing rhizobacterial strains were identified as Bacillus sp. based on partial sequencing of l6S rDNA. However, these strains were significantly less effective in reducing the severity of disease than Trichoderma hamatum382 (T382). A procedure was developed for inoculation of a compost-amended substrate with T -382 which consistently induced ISR in cucumber against Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsiciand in radish against bacterial spot (Ohio). Inoculation of compost-amended potting mixes with biocontrol agents such as T -382 and other microbes that induce systemic resistance in plants significantly increased the frequency of systemic disease control obtained with natural compost amendments.
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Pokrzywinski, Kaytee, Cliff Morgan, Scott Bourne, Molly Reif, Kenneth Matheson, and Shea Hammond. A novel laboratory method for the detection and identification of cyanobacteria using hyperspectral imaging : hyperspectral imaging for cyanobacteria detection. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40966.

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To assist US Army Corps of Engineers resource managers in monitoring for cyanobacteria bloom events, a laboratory method using hyperspectral imaging has been developed. This method enables the rapid detection of cyanobacteria in large volumes and has the potential to be transitioned to aerial platforms for field deployment. Prior to field data collection, validation of the technology in the laboratory using monocultures was needed. This report describes the development of the detection method using hyperspectral imaging and the stability/reliability of these signatures for identification purposes. Hyperspectral signatures of different cyanobacteria were compared to evaluate spectral deviations between genera to assess the feasibility of using this imaging method in the field. Algorithms were then developed to spectrally deconvolute mixtures of cyanobacteria to determine relative abundances of each species. Last, laboratory cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena sp. were subjected to varying macro (nitrate and phosphate) and micro-nutrient (iron and magnesium) stressors to establish the stability of signatures within each species. Based on the findings, hyperspectral imaging can be a valuable tool for the detection and monitoring of cyanobacteria. However, it should be used with caution and only during stages of active growth for accurate identification and limited interference owing to stress.
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Phillips, Donald A., Yitzhak Spiegel, and Howard Ferris. Optimizing nematode management by defining natural chemical bases of behavior. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587234.bard.

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This project was based on the hypothesis that nematodes interacting with plants as either parasites or beneficial saprophytes are attracted to their host by natural products. This concept was supported by numerous observations that parasitic nematodes are attracted to root exudates. Our overall goal was to identify nematode sensory compounds from root exudates and to use that information for reducing nematicide applications. We applied skills of the investigators to achieve three specific objectives: 1) Identify nematode behavioral cues (e.g., attractants or repellents) in root exudates; 2) Identify new natural nematicidal compounds; and 3) Combine a natural attractant and a nematicide into a nematode trap. Because saprophytic nematodes benefit plants by mineralizing organic matter, we sought compounds attractive primarily to parasitic nematodes. The project was constructed on several complementary foundations. First, data from Dr. Spiegel’s lab showed that under aseptic conditions Ditylenchus dipsaci, a parasite on onion, is attracted to certain fractions of onion root exudates. Second, PI Phillips had a sizeable collection of natural plant products he had identified from previous work on Rhizobium-legume interactions, which could be tested “off the shelf”. Third, Dr. Ferris had access to aseptic and natural populations of various saprophytic and parasitic nematodes. The project focused on five nematode species: D.dipsaci, Heterodera avenae, and Tylenchulussemipenetransat ARO, and Meloidogyne javanicand Caenorhabditis elegans at UCD. Ten pure plant compounds, mostly flavonoids, were tested on the various nematode species using six different assay systems. Results obtained with assorted test systems and by various scientists in the same test systems were essentially irreproducible. Many convincing, Many convincing, i.e. statistically significant, results in one system or with one investigator could not be repeated with other assays or different people. A recent report from others found that these compounds, plus another 30, were inactive as attractants in three additional parasitic nematode species (Wuyts et al. Nematology 8:89- 101, 2006). Assays designed to test the hypothesis that several compounds together are required to attract nematodes have thus far failed to find a reproducibly active combination. In contrast to results using pure plant compounds, complex unfractionated exudates from aseptic onion root reproducibly attracted D. dipsaci in both the ARO and UCD labs. Onion root exudate collection, separation into HPLC fractions, assays using D. dipsaci and MS-MS experiments proceeded collaboratively between ARO and UCD without any definitive identification of an active compound. The final active fraction contained two major molecules and traces of several other compounds. In the end, analytical studies were limited by the amount of onion root exudate and the complexity of the purification process. These tests showed that aseptic plant roots release attractant molecules, but whether nematodes influence that release, as insects trigger release of attractants from plants, is unknown. Related experiments showed that the saprophyte C. elegans stimulates its prey, Pseudomonas bacteria, to increase production of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) a compound that promotes amino acid exudation by plant roots. It is thus possible that saprophytic nematodes are attracted primarily to their bacterial or fungal prey and secondarily to effects of those microorganisms on root exudation. These observations offer promising avenues for understanding root-zone interactions, but no direct routes to controlling nematodes in agriculture were evident. Extracts from two plant sources, Chrysanthemum coronarium and Sequoia sempervirens, showed nematicidal activity at ARO and UCD, respectively. Attempts to purify an active compound from S. sempervirens failed, but preliminary results from C. coronarium are judged to form a potential basis for further work at ARO. These results highlight the problems of studying complex movement patterns in sentient organisms like nematodes and the issues associated with natural product isolation from complex mixtures. Those two difficulties combined with complications now associated with obtaining US visas, slowed and ultimately limited progress on this project. As a result, US investigators expended only 65% of the $207,400 originally planned for this project. The Israeli side of the project advanced more directly toward its scientific goals and lists its expenditures in the customary financial report.
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Kingston, A. W., and O. H. Ardakani. Diagenetic fluid flow and hydrocarbon migration in the Montney Formation, British Columbia: fluid inclusion and stable isotope evidence. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330947.

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The Montney Formation in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada is an early Triassic siltstone currently in an active diagenetic environment at depths greater than 1,000 m, but with maximum burial depths potentially exceeding 5,000 m (Ness, 2001). It has undergone multiple phases of burial and uplift and there is strong evidence for multiple generations of hydrocarbon maturation/migration. Understanding the origin and history of diagenetic fluids within these systems helps to unravel the chemical changes that have occurred since deposition. Many cores taken near the deformation front display abundant calcite-filled fractures including vertical or sub-vertical, bedding plane parallel (beefs), and brecciated horizons with complex mixtures of vertical and horizontal components. We analyzed vertical and brecciated horizons to assess the timing and origin of fluid flow and its implications for diagenetic history of the Montney Fm. Aqueous and petroleum bearing fluid inclusions were observed in both vertical and brecciated zones; however, they did not occur in the same fluid inclusion assemblages. Petroleum inclusions occur as secondary fluid inclusions (e.g. in healed fractures and along cleavage planes) alongside primary aqueous inclusions indicating petroleum inclusions post-date aqueous inclusions and suggest multiple phases of fluid flow is recorded within these fractures. Raman spectroscopy of aqueous inclusions also display no evidence of petroleum compounds supporting the absence or low abundance of petroleum fluids during the formation of aqueous fluid inclusions. Pressure-corrected trapping temperatures (>140°C) are likely associated with the period of maximum burial during the Laramide orogeny based on burial history modelling. Ice melt temperatures of aqueous fluid inclusions are consistent with 19% NaCl equiv. brine and eutectic temperatures (-51°C) indicate NaCl-CaCl2 composition. Combined use of aqueous and petroleum fluid inclusions in deeply buried sedimentary systems offers a promising tool for better understanding the diagenetic fluid history and helps constrain the pressure-temperature history important for characterizing economically important geologic formations.
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5

MARUSICH, R. M. ACTION CONCENTRATION FOR MIXTURES OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC) & METHANE & HYDROGEN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/888828.

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Bull, Richard J., Xingye C. Lei, and Lyle B. Sasser. Using Mode of Action to Assess Health Risks from Mixtures of Chemical/Physical Agents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15010291.

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7

Palazzo, Antonio J., Susan E. Hardy, Timothy J. Cary, Kay H. Asay, Kevin B. Jensen, and Daniel G. Ogle. Intermountain West Military Training Lands Planting Guide: Selecting Seed Mixtures for Actively Used Military Lands. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada507671.

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8

McKinnon, Mark, Sean DeCrane, and Steve Kerber. Four Firefighters Injured in Lithium-Ion Battery Energy Storage System Explosion -- Arizona. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/tehs4612.

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On April 19, 2019, one male career Fire Captain, one male career Fire Engineer, and two male career Firefighters received serious injuries as a result of cascading thermal runaway within a 2.16 MWh lithium-ion battery energy storage system (ESS) that led to a deflagration event. The smoke detector in the ESS signaled an alarm condition at approximately 16:55 hours and discharged a total flooding clean agent suppressant (Novec 1230). The injured firefighters were members of a hazardous materials (HAZMAT) team that arrived on the scene at approximately 18:28 hours. The HAZMAT team noted low-lying white clouds of a gas/vapor mixture issuing from the structure and nearby components and drifting through the desert. The team defined a hot zone and made several entries into the hot zone to conduct 360-degree size-ups around the ESS using multi-gas meters, colorimetric tubes, and thermal imaging cameras (TICs). The team detected dangerously elevated levels of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and carbon monoxide (CO) during each entry. The team continued to monitor the ESS and noted the white gas/vapor mixture stopped flowing out of the container at approximately 19:50 hours. The HAZMAT leadership developed an incident action plan with input from a group of senior fire officers and information about the ESS provided by representatives from the companies that owned, designed, and maintained the ESS. The HAZMAT team made a final entry into the hot zone and found that HCN and CO concentrations in the vicinity of the ESS were below an acceptable threshold. In following with the incident action plan, the team opened the door to the ESS at approximately 20:01 hours. A deflagration event was observed by the firefighters outside the hot zone at approximately 20:04 hours. All HAZMAT team members received serious injuries in the deflagration and were quickly transported to nearby hospitals. Note: The lithium-ion battery ESS involved in this incident was commissioned prior to release of a first draft of the current consensus standard on ESS installations, NFPA 855 [1]; the design of the ESS complied with the pertinent codes and standards active at the time of its commissioning.
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Zibani, Nadia. Ishraq: Safe spaces to learn, play and grow: Expansion of recreational sports program for adolescent rural girls in Egypt. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1003.

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Over the past three years, the Ishraq program in the villages of northern El-Minya, Egypt, grew from a novel idea into a vibrant reality. In the process, approximately 300 rural girls have participated in a life-transforming chance to learn, play, and grow into productive members of their local communities. Currently other villages—and soon other governorates—are joining the Ishraq network. Ishraq is a mixture of literacy, life-skills training, and—for girls who have been sheltered in domestic situations of poverty and isolation—a chance to play sports and games with other girls their age and develop a sense of self-worth and mastery; the program reinforces the lessons they receive in life-skills classes about hygiene, nutrition, and healthy living. This guide to the sports and games component of the program is geared to the needs of disadvantaged adolescent girls. It is intended for those in the development community interested in the potential of sports to enhance the overall impact of adolescent programs. Sports can be combined with other program components to give girls a more active experience, whether the primary focus is reproductive health, literacy, or livelihood skills.
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Lippert, David, Marshall Thompson, and Charles Wienrank. Performance of Interstate Rubblization in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-005.

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In Illinois, hot-mix asphalt overlaid concrete pavements typically exhibit reflective cracking of joints and cracks from the pavement below, resulting in shortened life and maintenance issues. Over the years, various patching, fabric, and crack and seat techniques were attempted with few positive results. This led to more aggressive techniques to eliminate the slab action of the concrete pavement where the pavement would be broken or rubblized into pieces typically less than 12 inches. Since the first rubblizing project in 1990, policy, procedures, and specifications have evolved to the point that rubblization is the mainstream option in dealing with problematic concrete pavements. This report summarizes the performance of several interstate rubblizing projects in Illinois by analyzing available data in Illinois Department of Transportation’s pavement management system. Condition rating survey data allowed the serviceability of these projects to be evaluated by surface mix types and asphalt performance grades. Traffic in the form of 18,000 lb equivalent single axle loads was determined for the projects to evaluate fatigue and rutting as well as compare section performance to the design procedure. The research team reviewed plans, design procedures, and specifications to determine best practices and identify where improvements might be made. Data showed that the use of stone matrix asphalt surface mixtures and mixes using PGXX-28 asphalt binders provides improved performance. Overall, rubblizing has shown good to excellent performance. To provide additional life with improved performance, recommendations include adopting softer asphalt grades, increasing the use of stone matrix asphalt, and improving procedures for protecting culverts.
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