Journal articles: 'Active medical implants'

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Kim, Juho, Jimin Seo, Dongwuk Jung, Taeyeon Lee, Hunpyo Ju, Junkyu Han, Namyun Kim, et al. "Active photonic wireless power transfer into live tissues." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 29 (July 6, 2020): 16856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002201117.

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Recent advances in soft materials and mechanics activate development of many new types of electrical medical implants. Electronic implants that provide exceptional functions, however, usually require more electrical power, resulting in shorter period of usages although many approaches have been suggested to harvest electrical power in human bodies by resolving the issues related to power density, biocompatibility, tissue damage, and others. Here, we report an active photonic power transfer approach at the level of a full system to secure sustainable electrical power in human bodies. The active photonic power transfer system consists of a pair of the skin-attachable photon source patch and the photovoltaic device array integrated in a flexible medical implant. The skin-attachable patch actively emits photons that can penetrate through live tissues to be captured by the photovoltaic devices in a medical implant. The wireless power transfer system is very simple, e.g., active power transfer in direct current (DC) to DC without extra circuits, and can be used for implantable medical electronics regardless of weather, covering by clothes, in indoor or outdoor at day and night. We demonstrate feasibility of the approach by presenting thermal and mechanical compatibility with soft live tissues while generating enough electrical power in live bodies throughin vivoanimal experiments. We expect that the results enable long-term use of currently available implants in addition to accelerating emerging types of electrical implants that require higher power to provide diverse convenient diagnostic and therapeutic functions in human bodies.

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Wychowański, Piotr, Anna Starzyńska, Paulina Adamska, Monika Słupecka-Ziemilska, Bartosz Kamil Sobocki, Agnieszka Chmielewska, Bartłomiej Wysocki, et al. "Methods of Topical Administration of Drugs and Biological Active Substances for Dental Implants—A Narrative Review." Antibiotics 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10080919.

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Dental implants are, nowadays, established surgical devices for the restoration of lost teeth. Considered as an alternative for traditional prosthetic appliances, dental implants surpass them in reliability and patient feedback. Local drug delivery around the implants promotes osseointegration and reduces peri-implantitis. However, there are currently no methods of a multiple, precise topical administration of drugs to the implant area. Engineering coatings on the implants, drug application on carriers during implantation, or gingival pockets do not meet all requirements of dental surgeons. Therefore, there is a need to create porous implants and other medical devices that will allow a multiple drug delivery at a controlled dose and release profile without traumatic treatment. Due to the growing demand for the use of biologically active agents to support dental implant treatment at its various stages (implant placement, long-term use of dental superstructures, treatment of the peri-implant conditions) and due to the proven effectiveness of the topical application of pharmacological biologically active agents to the implant area, the authors would like to present a review and show the methods and devices that can be used by clinicians for local drug administration to facilitate dental implant treatment. Our review concludes that there is a need for research in the field of inventions such as new medical devices or implants with gradient solid–porous structures. These devices, in the future, will enable to perform repeatable, controllable, atraumatic, and repeatable injections of active factors that may affect the improvement of osteointegration and the longer survival of implants, as well as the treatment of peri-implantitis.

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Awaja, Firas, and Shengnan Zhang. "Self-bonding of PEEK for active medical implants applications." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 29, no. 15 (April 29, 2015): 1593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2015.1037382.

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Kumar, Raman. "A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualisation of Research Trends in Corrosion of Titanium Implants." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.687.

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Corrosion of medical implants is a serious issue in the medical sector. The bibliometric analysis had been conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved in the research domain of “corrosion of Titanium implants”. All published articles related to “corrosion of Titanium implants” from “Scopus”, were analyzed using the VOS viewer to develop analysis tables and visualization maps. This article had set the objective to consolidate the scientific literature regarding “corrosion of Titanium implants” and also to find out the trends related to the same. The most active journals in this research domain were Material Science and Engineering C and Biomaterials. The most active country was the United States of America. The leading organizations engaged in the research regarding the Corrosion of Titanium implants were the Sao Paulo State University of Brazil. The most active authors who had made valuable contributions related to corrosion of Titanium implants were Jacob J.J and Zhang X.

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Suresh, Ganzi, K. L Narayana, and M. Kedar Mallik. "Bio-Compatible Processing of LENSTM DepositedCo-Cr-W alloy for Medical Applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.20 (April 18, 2018): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.20.16734.

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Developing a Medicinal implants or devices is a challenging task for the researchers, right from the selection of materials, design, bio-compatibility and implantation to the host tissue. At every stage it requires proper care in processing of medical implants. In recent years the demand for medical implants had grown rapidly due to the awareness in the society. Major share of implants is used by younger people as they are active in sports, motor vehicle accidents leads to facture. Even older people also preferring to implants for ease of living. The commonly used implants are, prosthetic joints, knee replacement, dental, maxillofacial reconstructions etc.There is huge demand for the medical implants in coming years, presently a few bio-materials available for implant devices such as Ti-alloys, Stainless steel and Co-Cr-Mo alloys. There a scope to the researchers to develop a new alloy that are bio-compatible in nature and bring down the cost of the implant procedure to the needed patients. In this context additive manufacturing (AM) is an advanced manufacturing technology emerging as prominent technique in medical fields. Laser Engineered Net ShapingTM (LENS) is one such metal additive technique which provides fabrication of parts with the help of laser power, melts the powder alloy completely and builds parts layer by layer directly from the CAD model.In the present study, samples are fabricated from LENS process and carried the In-Vitro and In -Vivo bio-compatible tests as cytotoxicity and sub chronic toxicity to verify the toxicants release and their sustainability as the medical implants by the LENS deposited Co-Cr-W alloy samples. From the studies it is observed that the alloy samples show acceptable result. MTT assay demonstrate that cell viability is better in Osteoblast cells compared to the Fibroblast cells. Osteoblast cells show slightly more viable to the cell treatment on the samples during the experimental period. Sub chronic toxicity conclude that LENS deposited Co-Cr-W alloy is not toxic in all the rats studied herein and did not produce any toxic signs or evident symptoms. LENS deposited Co-Cr-W alloy did not cause any lethality or produce any relative body organs weight and haematological studies didn’t show adverse effects.

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Gill, Harjot Singh. "A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualisation of Research Trends in Corrosion of Cobalt-Implants." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.681.

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Cobalt is one of the most used metals for implants. The bibliometric analysis had been conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved in the research domain of “Corrosion of Cobalt-implants”. All published articles related to “Corrosion of Cobalt-implants” from “Scopus”, were analyzed using the VOS viewer to develop analysis tables and visualization maps. This article had set the objective to consolidate the scientific literature regarding “Corrosion of Cobalt-implants” and also to find out the trends related to the same. The most active journal in this research domain was the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. The most active country was the United States of America. The leading organization engaged in the research regarding corrosion of Cobalt-implants was the Rush University Medical Center, USA. The most active authors who had made valuable contributions related to Cobalt implants were Hart A.J and Joseph J. J

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Thind, Gurpreet. "A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualisation of Research Trends in Toxicity of Nickel-implants." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.679.

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Nickel is one of the most used metals for implants. The bibliometric analysis had been conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved in the research domain of “Toxicity of Nickel-implants”. All published articles related to “Toxicity of Nickel-implants” from “Scopus”, were analyzed using the VOS viewer to develop analysis tables and visualization maps. This article had set the objective to consolidate the scientific literature regarding “Toxicity of Nickel-implants” and also to find out the trends related to the same. The most active journals in this research domain biomaterial. The most active country was the United States of America and United Kingdom. The leading organization engaged in the research regarding the toxicity of Nickel implants was the Rush University Medical Center, United States of America. The most active author who had made valuable contributions related to the toxicity of Nickel implants was Hallab N.J.

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Singh, Sandeep. "A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualisation of Research Trends in Cobalt-Based Orthopaedic Implants." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.695.

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Cobalt is one of the widely used metal for orthopaedic implants. The bibliometric analysis had been conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved in the research domain of “Cobalt-based orthopaedic implants”. All published articles related to “Cobalt-based orthopaedic implants” from “Scopus”, were analyzed using the VOS viewer to develop analysis tables and visualization maps. This article had set the objective to consolidate the scientific literature regarding “Cobalt-based orthopaedic implants” and also to find out the trends related to the same. The most active journals in this research domain were the Journal of Orthopaedic Research. The most active country was the United States of America. The leading organization engaged in research regarding Cobalt-based orthopaedic implants was the Rush University Medical Center, United States of America. The most active authors were Hallab N.J.

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Ramniwas, Seema. "A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualisation of Research Trends in Corrosion of knee implants." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.697.

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Corrosion of metals is one of the major challenges of the performance of knee implants. The bibliometric analysis had been conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved in the research domain of “Corrosion of knee implants”. All published articles related to “Corrosion of knee implants” from “Scopus”, were analyzed using the VOS viewer to develop analysis tables and visualization maps. This article had set the objective to consolidate the scientific literature regarding “Corrosion of knee implants” and also to find out the trends related to the same. The most active journals in this research domain were the Wear, and Journal of Arthroplasty. The most active countries were the United States of America and India. The leading organizations engaged in the research regarding corrosion of knee-implants were the Drexel University and Rush University Medical Center of United States of America. The most active author related to knee implants was Badar R.

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Ranjan, Nishant. "A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualisation of Research Trends in Health Issues of Nickel-Implants." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.685.

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Nickel toxicity is one of the major challenges of Nickel-based implants. The bibliometric analysis had been conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved in the research domain of “Health issues of Nickel-implants”. All published articles related to “Health Issues of Nickel-implants” from “Scopus”, were analyzed using the VOS viewer to develop analysis tables and visualization maps. This article had set the objective to consolidate the scientific literature regarding “Health Issues of Nickel-implants” and also to find out the trends related to the same. The most active journal in this research domain was the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. The most active country was the United States of America. The leading organization engaged in the research regarding allergy of Nickel-implants was the Rush University Medical Center of United States of America. The most active authors who had made valuable contributions related to the toxicity of Nickel implants were Hallab N.J and Savarino I

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Singh, Ripendeep. "A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualisation of Research Trends in Toxicity of Hip-implants." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.693.

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Hip implants are common and diversified types of metals are used for hip implants. The bibliometric analysis had been conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved in the research domain of “Toxicity of hip-implants”. All published articles related to “Toxicity of hip-implants” from “Scopus”, were analyzed using the VOS viewer to develop analysis tables and visualization maps. This article had set the objective to consolidate the scientific literature regarding “Toxicity of hip-implants” and also to find out the trends related to the same. The most active journals in this research domain were the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. The most active country was the United States of America. The leading organization engaged in the research regarding the toxicity of hip-implants were the Rush University Medical Center of United States of America and the University of Strathclyde of Scotland. The most active authors who had made valuable contributions related to the toxicity of Hip implants were Grant M.H, Jacobs J.J, Catalani S, and Apostoli P.

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Cala Uribe, Laura C., Mauricio Perez Pachon, Andres Villate Hernandez, and Andreina Zannin Ferrero. "Kite Mastopexy: Small Scar and Tissue-conserving Technique." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 11, no. 9 (September 2023): e5265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005265.

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Background: Breasts are considered one of the most physically and sexually appealing features of the female body. Reduction/augmentation techniques have greatly evolved in the last decades. We are reporting our experience with an innovative technique for mastopexy that recovers the aesthetics of the breast and avoids over-resection of its lower pole. Methods: Inclusion criteria were women who underwent kite mastopexy with or without implants between January 2018 and May 2022 in a single center (Bogota, Colombia). Exclusion criteria were patients with American Society of Anesthesiology score more than II, with any uncontrolled chronic illness and/or medical history of diabetic mellitus, metabolic syndrome, body mass index more than 32 kg per m2, and active smokers. Results: We found 133 consecutive female patients. Age range was 18 and 67 years (median 39). Breast implants were used for the purpose of kite mastopexy in 52% cases. Patients were divided into two groups: implants (group 1) versus no implants (group 2). Procedure 1 involved mastopexy without implants; procedure 2 included current implant users who underwent either implant removal or in whom implants were not used for the sake of mastopexy. Procedures 3 and 4 included patients who underwent either new implant placement or implant exchange, respectively. Average time of surgery was 1.5 hours. Minor complications were mostly related to wound dehiscence. No major complications were reported. Conclusions: Kite mastopexy restores the breast aesthetics by following specific markings, a new plication of breast pillars, and a reduced scar. Our technique demonstrates a very low rate of complications while entailing natural and appealing results.

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Verma, Meenakshi. "A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualisation of Research Trends in of Corrosion of Hip Implant." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.683.

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Innovations and advances in material engineering and surface engineering play a key role in developing modern, safe, durable, and biocompatible implants. The bibliometric analysis had been conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved in the research domain of “corrosion of hip- implants”. All published articles related to “corrosion of implants” from “Scopus”, were Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery and Journal of Arthroplasty. The leading organization engaged in the research regarding surface coating of hip implants was the Rush University Medical Centre. The most active author who had made valuable contributions related to the corrosion of implants was Jacobs J.J

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Gill, Rana. "A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualisation of Research Trends in Toxicity of Chromium Implants." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.689.

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The toxicity of implants is a vital factor affecting the safety of implants. The bibliometric analysis had been conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved in the research domain of “toxicity of Chromium implants”. All published articles related to “toxicity of Chromium implants” from “Scopus”, were analyzed using the VOS viewer to develop analysis tables and visualization maps. This article had set the objective to consolidate the scientific literature regarding “toxicity of Chromium implants” and also to find out the trends related to the same. The most active journals in this research domain were the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, and Biomaterials. The most active country was the United States of America. The leading organizations were the University Medical Center and the University of Strathclyde. The most active authors were Grant M.H., Jacobs J.J, and Savarino I.

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Singh, Gurjit. "A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualisation of Research Trends in Toxicity of Cobalt Implants." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.676.

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The toxicity of metals is a vital factor affecting the safety of implants. The bibliometric analysis had been conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved in the research domain of “toxicity of Cobalt implants”. All published articles related to “toxicity of Cobalt implants” from “Scopus”, were analyzed using the VOS viewer to develop analysis tables and visualization maps. This article had set the objective to consolidate the scientific literature regarding “toxicity of Cobalt implants” and also to find out the trends related to the same. The most active journal related to this research domain was the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. The most active country was the United States of America. The leading organization was Rush University Medical Center, United States of America. The most active authors were Hallab N. J and Jacobs J.J.

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Palermo, Andrea, Franco Ferrante, Eleonora Stanca, Fabrizio Damiano, Antonio Gnoni, Tiziano Batani, Maria Annunziata Carluccio, Christian Demitri, and Luisa Siculella. "Release of VEGF from Dental Implant Surface (IML® Implant) Coated with Concentrated Growth Factors (CGF) and the Liquid Phase of CGF (LPCGF): In Vitro Results and Future Expectations." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102114.

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This study aimed to evaluate the combined use of the Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF) and the liquid phase of CGF (LPCGF) on dental implant surfaces, using a medical device to determine the migration of growth factors, from the implant surface to the recipient. The implants were permeated by autologous growth factors, using a specific centrifuge device. CGF adhesion on the implant surface was evaluated through a scanning electron microscope analysis. To assess the release of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from CGF, LPCGF, and CGF- or LPCGF-permeated implant, an ELISA assay was carried out. The results showed that the concentration of the growth factor VEGF was greater in CGF than in LPCGF. Our innovative technique allowed the incorporation of autologous growth factors on the surface of the dental implants. Moreover, we reported the release of VEGF, over time, by CGF- or LPCGF-permeated implant. On this basis, it was possible to obtain a biologically active implant surface, essential to create intercellular communication and neo-angiogenesis, to facilitate wound healing and tissue regeneration.

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Ordonez, Juan S., Vivek Singh, Fabian Kohler, Jennifer Pfau, Thomas Stieglitz, and Martin Schuettler. "Embedded Capacitive Filter Units in LTCC for the Protection of Active Implantable Medical Devices." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2014, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 000331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-tp54.

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We investigate the compact integration of passive capacitive filter units embedded in low-temperature cofired ceramics for active implantable medical devices. The goal lies in avoiding volume consumption by large passive components and to achieve a miniaturized integration of filters for the reduction of induced radio frequency currents and voltages during magnetic resonance imaging. Embedding such filter units inside the substrates carrying the electronics can be a promising solution for implants to allow higher channel densities with only a marginal increase in implant's size. By combining laser ablation and screen printing manufacturing technologies, we investigated a fabrication process for multilevel ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) in low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrates resulting in mean capacitances of 220 pF, (10 × 0.4 × 0.62 mm3) with a dissipation factor of 0.42% and a breakdown voltage of 500 V. Dissolution of the material during accelerated aging tests however raises concerns over its biostability and biocompatibility during chronic implantation and needs further testing.

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Chen, Long, Xinyu Song, Fei Xing, Yanan Wang, Yuanzheng Wang, Zhiyu He, and Li Sun. "A Review on Antimicrobial Coatings for Biomaterial Implants and Medical Devices." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 16, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 789–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2020.2942.

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Biomaterial implants and medical devices have been utilized extensively in medical treatment with the development of modern medicine, especially in orthopaedics and stomatology. Along with their applications, biomaterial-associated infections (BAIs) have grown to be one of the main postoperative complications. Antimicrobial coating strategies have been reported to effectively inhibit bacterial adhesion and proliferation on implant surface, extending their lifespan. In this review, the most topical antimicrobial coating designs have been chosen from literature studies. Their antimicrobial mechanisms and antimicrobial activity assessments in literature studies have been presented and compared. Based on their active ingredients, antimicrobial coatings are categories into (i) inorganic agents, including Ag, Cu, ZnO, MoS2 and nitride compound; (ii) organic agents including antibiotic, antimicrobial peptides, polymer, essential oils etc. The review has provided various and detailed options of antimicrobial coating designs for consulting according to their specific application. It is noted that the research of antimicrobial coatings is mostly in vitro and in vivo animal models study. It is thus in need for more preclinical or clinical studies, especially finding the direct connection between the utilization of antimicrobial coated implants and the reduction in BAIs incidence. Furthermore, future antimicrobial coating designs shall respect also biocompatibility, functionality, and durability apart from their antimicrobial activity.

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Villalá MA, Garcés. "Immediate Implant Placement in Infected Sockets: Curettage Protocol Plus Disinfection with Hydrogen Peroxide and Rifamycin. Retrospective Analysis at 6 years of Follow-up." Open Access Journal of Dental and Oral Surgery (OAJDOS) 3, no. 2 (August 4, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/oajdos/1035.

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Context: Immediate implant placement in a fresh socket after extraction is an increasingly popular and established treatment option. However, active infection at the extraction site can adversely affect the outcome of this procedure. Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical results of immediate dental implant placement in infected extraction sockets. Settings and Design: using a standardized protocol, which included the use of 3% hydrogen peroxide plus rifamycin 500 mg as irrigation for decontamination of the infected socket before implant insertion with submerged healing. Patients and methods: The sample consisted of 227 implants placed in 158 patients, the data were obtained through a retrospective review of the clinical registry selected of patients who received implants according to the protocol described. Statistical analysis used: A generalized binary response regression model was used. For all tests, the statistical significance value was set at p <0.05. Results: Of the 227 implants placed immediately in the infected sites using the described protocol with an average follow-up of 6 years of prosthetic loading, only 11 failed, resulting in a cumulative implant survival rate of 95.2%. Only the medical history / harmful habits factor (HM / HH) was significant (p = 0.002), in this group the success rate was 85.7%. However, in the group of healthy patients without harmful habits, the success rate rises to 98.8%. Conclusion: Immediate implant placement in infected sites using these protocols in healthy patients shows a survival rate similar to that published for implants placed in non-infected sites.

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Villalá MA, Garcés. "Immediate Implant Placement in Infected Sockets: Curettage Protocol Plus Disinfection with Hydrogen Peroxide and Rifamycin. Retrospective Analysis at 6 years of Follow-up." Open Access Journal of Dental and Oral Surgery (OAJDOS) 3, no. 2 (August 4, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/oajdos/1035.

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Context: Immediate implant placement in a fresh socket after extraction is an increasingly popular and established treatment option. However, active infection at the extraction site can adversely affect the outcome of this procedure. Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical results of immediate dental implant placement in infected extraction sockets. Settings and Design: using a standardized protocol, which included the use of 3% hydrogen peroxide plus rifamycin 500 mg as irrigation for decontamination of the infected socket before implant insertion with submerged healing. Patients and methods: The sample consisted of 227 implants placed in 158 patients, the data were obtained through a retrospective review of the clinical registry selected of patients who received implants according to the protocol described. Statistical analysis used: A generalized binary response regression model was used. For all tests, the statistical significance value was set at p <0.05. Results: Of the 227 implants placed immediately in the infected sites using the described protocol with an average follow-up of 6 years of prosthetic loading, only 11 failed, resulting in a cumulative implant survival rate of 95.2%. Only the medical history / harmful habits factor (HM / HH) was significant (p = 0.002), in this group the success rate was 85.7%. However, in the group of healthy patients without harmful habits, the success rate rises to 98.8%. Conclusion: Immediate implant placement in infected sites using these protocols in healthy patients shows a survival rate similar to that published for implants placed in non-infected sites.

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Onken, Adrian, Helmut Schütte, Anika Wulff, Heidi Lenz-Strauch, Michaela Kreienmeyer, Sabine Hild, Thomas Stieglitz, Stefan Gassmann, Thomas Lenarz, and Theodor Doll. "Predicting Corrosion Delamination Failure in Active Implantable Medical Devices: Analytical Model and Validation Strategy." Bioengineering 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9010010.

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The ingress of body fluids or their constituents is one of the main causes of failure of active implantable medical devices (AIMDs). Progressive delamination takes its origin at the junctions where exposed electrodes and conductive pathways enter the implant interior. The description of this interface is considered challenging because electrochemically-diffusively coupled processes are involved. Furthermore, standard tests and specimens, with clearly defined 3-phase boundaries (body fluid-metal-polymer), are lacking. We focus on polymers as substrate and encapsulation and present a simple method to fabricate reliable test specimens with defined boundaries. By using silicone rubber as standard material in active implant encapsulation in combination with a metal surface, a corrosion-triggered delamination process was observed that can be universalised towards typical AIMD electrode materials. Copper was used instead of medical grade platinum since surface energies are comparable but corrosion occurs faster. The finding is that two processes are superimposed there: First, diffusion-limited chemical reactions at interfaces that undermine the layer adhesion. The second process is the influx of ions and body fluid components that leave the aqueous phase and migrate through the rubber to internal interfaces. The latter observation is new for active implants. Our mathematical description with a Stefan-model coupled to volume diffusion reproduces the experimental data in good agreement and lends itself to further generalisation.

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Crisp, S. "The Medical Device Directives and Their Impact on the Development and Manufacturing of Medical Implants." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 210, no. 4 (December 1996): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_419_02.

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The introduction of a legal framework for the supply of medical implants is discussed with reference to the Active Implantable Medical Device Directive and the Medical Device Directive. The definitions of medical device and manufacturer are discussed. The application of the Directives to device/drug combinations is considered. All implants must meet certain essential requirements to ensure that they do not harm the patient, clinician or any third party. For most implants this will be indicated on the product or its packaging by CE marking involving an independent organization called a Notified Body; the latter are appointed by the Competent Authority of the Member State. Devices are classified in proportion to the risk associated with them. The steps needed to be taken by manufacturers are outlined and the verification options discussed. The role of standards and the new approach to writing them in Europe is presented. After placing a product on the market, the manufacturer must set up a system of post-market surveillance, including a vigilance procedure, in order to monitor product performance. Individual Member States can exercise the safeguard clause when a product appears to have had the CE marking incorrectly applied.

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Stoetzel, Sabine, Deeksha Malhan, Ute Wild, Christian Helbing, Fathi Hassan, Sameh Attia, Klaus D. Jandt, Christian Heiss, and Thaqif El Khassawna. "Osteocytes Influence on Bone Matrix Integrity Affects Biomechanical Competence at Bone-Implant Interface of Bioactive-Coated Titanium Implants in Rat Tibiae." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010374.

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Osseointegration is a prerequisite for the long-term success of implants. Titanium implants are preferred for their biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Nonetheless, the need for early and immediate loading requires enhancing these properties by adding bioactive coatings. In this preclinical study, extracellular matrix properties and cellular balance at the implant/bone interface was examined. Polyelectrolyte multilayers of chitosan and gelatin or with chitosan and Hyaluronic acid fabricated on titanium alloy using a layer-by-layer self-assembly process were compared with native titanium alloy. The study aimed to histologically evaluate bone parameters that correlate to the biomechanical anchorage enhancement resulted from bioactive coatings of titanium implants in a rat animal model. Superior collagen fiber arrangements and an increased number of active osteocytes reflected a significant improvement of bone matrix quality at the bone interface of the chitosan/gelatin-coated titan implants over chitosan/hyaluronic acid-coated and native implants. Furthermore, the numbers and localization of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the reparative and remodeling phases suggested a better cellular balance in the chitosan/Gel-coated group over the other two groups. Investigating the micro-mechanical properties of bone tissue at the interface can elucidate detailed discrepancies between different promising bioactive coatings of titanium alloys to maximize their benefit in future medical applications.

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Kim, Sangjun, Eun Soo Lee, Woo Yong Bae, Chul-Hoon Kim, and Ji-Eon Yun. "Clinical Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed With Odontogenic Rhinosinusitis After Dental Implants." Journal of Rhinology 29, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18787/jr.2021.00380.

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Background and Objectives: With the ongoing development of intraoral surgical treatment and invasive dental treatments such as implants, odontogenic rhinosinusitis (ORS) is on the rise. ORS related to dental implants accounts for 8% to 37% of cases. The purpose of this study is to define the characteristics of patients with ORS related to dental implants.Methods: From 2015 to 2019, the medical records of 15 patients who developed maxillary sinus disease after receiving dental implants were retrospectively analyzed among patients who visited the ear nose and throat and dentistry departments. We reviewed the chief complaint, assessment, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of these patients.Results: Of the 15 patients, all were diagnosed with ORS. One patient with a post-operative cheek cyst, 1 with fungal sinusitis, 1 with an inverted papilloma, 1 with chronic rhinosinusitis, and 1 with a radicular cyst were diagnosed after surgery. Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed in 14 patients and 2 patients underwent a combined operation. One patient improved after medical treatment. The follow-up period was about 8.6 months. No recurrence was found in any of the patients.Conclusion: If an implant problem is suspected based on history-taking and physical examination, active consultation with dentistry is needed to diagnose ORS.

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Gustrau, F., A. Bahr, S. Goltz, and S. Eggert. "ACTIVE MEDICAL IMPLANTS AND OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY - MEASUREMENT AND NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF INTERFERENCE VOLTAGE." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 47, s1b (2002): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.2002.47.s1b.656.

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Wulf, Katharina, Madeleine Goblet, Stefan Raggl, Michael Teske, Thomas Eickner, Thomas Lenarz, Niels Grabow, and Gerrit Paasche. "PLLA Coating of Active Implants for Dual Drug Release." Molecules 27, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041417.

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Cochlear implants, like other active implants, rely on precise and effective electrical stimulation of the target tissue but become encapsulated by different amounts of fibrous tissue. The current study aimed at the development of a dual drug release from a PLLA coating and from the bulk material to address short-term and long-lasting release of anti-inflammatory drugs. Inner-ear cytocompatibility of drugs was studied in vitro. A PLLA coating (containing diclofenac) of medical-grade silicone (containing 5% dexamethasone) was developed and release profiles were determined. The influence of different coating thicknesses (2.5, 5 and 10 µm) and loadings (10% and 20% diclofenac) on impedances of electrical contacts were measured with and without pulsatile electrical stimulation. Diclofenac can be applied to the inner ear at concentrations of or below 4 × 10−5 mol/L. Release of dexamethasone from the silicone is diminished by surface coating but not blocked. Addition of 20% diclofenac enhances the dexamethasone release again. All PLLA coatings serve as insulator. This can be overcome by using removable masking on the contacts during the coating process. Dual drug release with different kinetics can be realized by adding drug-loaded coatings to drug-loaded silicone arrays without compromising electrical stimulation.

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Malakhov, O. A., G. A. Krasnoyarov, S. I Belykh, O. V. Kozhevnikov, A. V. Ivanov, and V. I. Tatarenkov. "OPYT PRIMENENIYa KOMPOZITsIONNYKh BIOSOVMESTIMYKh IMPLANTATOV V KLINIKE DETSKOY I PODROSTKOVOY ORTOPEDII." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2003): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto200310178-83.

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Specialists from Children Orthopedic Clinic (CITO) and Institute of Medical Technology elaborated therapeutically active implants on the base of N-vinilpirrolidone and methylmethacrylate with different additives. Those implants were successfully applied in clinical practice. Experimental study on rabbits showed the possibility of implants to stimulate osteogenesis. Various types and shapes of implants were elaborated using different combinations of additives. Minimum invasive surgical intervention and indications to implants' application were worked out. From 1987 to 2001 one hundred thirteen patients with various pathology (obstetrical paresis, clubfoot, juvenile femur head ephiphysiolysis, congenital hip dislocation, funnel-shaped deformity of thorax, dystrophic varus deformity of femur head, osteochondropathy of lower limbs) were treated surgically using new implants. At 3-5 years follow up good and excellent anatomic and functional results were noted in 89% of cases.

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Hassan, Nourhan, Thomas Krieg, Max Zinser, Kai Schröder, and Nadja Kröger. "An Overview of Scaffolds and Biomaterials for Skin Expansion and Soft Tissue Regeneration: Insights on Zinc and Magnesium as New Potential Key Elements." Polymers 15, no. 19 (September 22, 2023): 3854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15193854.

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The utilization of materials in medical implants, serving as substitutes for non-functional biological structures, supporting damaged tissues, or reinforcing active organs, holds significant importance in modern healthcare, positively impacting the quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide. However, certain implants may only be required temporarily to aid in the healing process of diseased or injured tissues and tissue expansion. Biodegradable metals, including zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), iron, and others, present a new paradigm in the realm of implant materials. Ongoing research focuses on developing optimized materials that meet medical standards, encompassing controllable corrosion rates, sustained mechanical stability, and favorable biocompatibility. Achieving these objectives involves refining alloy compositions and tailoring processing techniques to carefully control microstructures and mechanical properties. Among the materials under investigation, Mg- and Zn-based biodegradable materials and their alloys demonstrate the ability to provide necessary support during tissue regeneration while gradually degrading over time. Furthermore, as essential elements in the human body, Mg and Zn offer additional benefits, including promoting wound healing, facilitating cell growth, and participating in gene generation while interacting with various vital biological functions. This review provides an overview of the physiological function and significance for human health of Mg and Zn and their usage as implants in tissue regeneration using tissue scaffolds. The scaffold qualities, such as biodegradation, mechanical characteristics, and biocompatibility, are also discussed.

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Moran, M. M., R. R. Roy, C. E. Wade, B. J. Corbin, and R. E. Grindeland. "Size constraints of telemeters in rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 1564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.4.1564.

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This study was designed to determine the maximum-size subcutaneous telemeter that would enable long-term and multichannel data collection in a 170-g rat for 90 days. In phase 1, rats with implants weighing 5 (2.5 cm3), 15 (7.5 cm3), 25 (12.5 cm3), 35 (17.5 cm3), or 45 (22.5 cm3) g were compared with sham-operated (SOC) and nonoperated (NOC) control animals. Severe skin lesions, seromas, and lower growth rates were observed in rats having implants ≥35 g. Thus, in phase 2, rats implanted with 23.5 g (17.5 cm3; 11-g active telemeter and 12.5-g implant) were compared with rats implanted with 11 g (6 cm3; telemeter only) and with the SOC and NOC groups. No differences were found among implanted groups in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), subcutaneous temperature, or spontaneous activity under standard housing conditions. All groups were more active and had a higher MAP during the dark than the light phase of the daily cycle. During 2 h of cold exposure (3°C), both telemetered groups exhibited similar changes in HR, MAP, temperature, and activity levels. Adrenal glands were larger in the 23.5-g group (51 ± 1.6 mg) than in the SOC (46 ± 1.0 mg) and the NOC groups (41 ± 2.0 mg). No other significant differences were found in organ, muscle, or bone weights. These data verify the feasibility of using 23.5-g (17.5 cm3) subcutaneous telemeters for chronic recordings in young adult rats.

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Stich, Manuel, Larissa Blümlein, Anne Slawig, Felix Schmidl, Karina Schuller, Richard Lösch, Matthias Hipp, Sabine Hentschel, Gregor Schaefers, and Ralf Ringler. "Development and validation of a tissue-equivalent test environment for detection of malfunctions in active medical implants caused by ionizing radiation." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 4, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0038.

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AbstractMany patients in radiotherapy carry active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) such as pacemakers or cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). The influence of the ionizing radiation can lead to failures in the device function. This study presents a tissue-equivalent test environment to investigate the influence of ionizing radiation on AIMDs. The in-vitro test environment is designed to simulate a human torso. Structures such as the heart, lungs, ribs, spinal column and soft tissue are replicated from tissue-equivalent materials to allow realistic treatment planning and to simulate the effect of ionizing radiation on active implants. CT measurements and Monte-Carlo validations have shown that Polytetrafluorethylen (bone), carrageenan (heart), Styrodur (lung) and Biresin® G27 (soft tissue) fulfill all requirements for suitable tissue surrogates. A plug-in unit integrated in the test environment has been designed specifically to allow the placement AIMDs in the phantom at typical positions for implant placement in humans. The dosimetry validation showed that the test environment is applicable in the full treatment planning process.

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Gruenwald, Waldemar, Mayukh Bhattacharrya, Dirk Jansen, and Leonhard Reindl. "Electromagnetic Analysis, Characterization and Discussion of Inductive Transmission Parameters for Titanium Based Housing Materials in Active Medical Implantable Devices." Materials 11, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112089.

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The growing demand for active medical implantable devices requires data and or power links between the implant and the outside world. Every implant has to be encapsulated from the body by a specific housing and one of the most common materials used is titanium or titanium alloy. Titanium thas the necessary properties in terms of mechanical and chemical stability and biocompatibility. However, its electrical conductivity presents a challenge for the electromagnetic transmission of data and power. The proposed paper presents a fast and practical method to determine the necessary transmission parameters for titanium encapsulated implants. Therefore, the basic transformer-transmission-model is used with measured or calculated key values for the inductances. Those are then expanded with correction factors to determine the behavior with the encapsulation. The correction factors are extracted from finite element method simulations. These also enable the analysis of the magnetic field distribution inside of the housing. The simulated transmission properties are very close to the measured values. Additionally, based on lumped elements and magnetic field distribution, the influential parameters are discussed in the paper. The parameter discussion describes how to enhance the transmitted power, data-rate or distance, or to reduce the size of the necessary coils. Finally, an example application demonstrates the usage of the methods.

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Diku, Nadine, Irina Zetu, Cristina Molnar, Alexandru Vlasa, Dan Biris, Doina Ghercic, Mahmoud ElSaafin, and Mariana Pacurar. "Electron-microscopic study on structural changes of of mini-implants following fixed orthodontic treatment." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 68, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2022.2.4.

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In today's society, patients who turn to the orthodontist want final results in the shortest possible time, with maximum emphasis on smile aesthetics, dental alignment and facial harmony. In this regard, some procedures have emerged to accelerate the movement of teeth through the alveolar bone, thus shortening the duration of active treatment: corticotomy, application of mini-implants, etc. Of these methods, bone anchorage on mini-implants is increasingly popular among adult patients, as it is a versatile technique that ensures a stable, bony anchorage and more predictable final results. Compared to implantology in prosthodontics, which has a long history, mini- orthodontic implants emerged later in medical practice. In 1998, Shapiro and Kokich described for the first time the possibility of using dental implants for anchorage in orthodontic therapy. Odman J et al. (Upsala University, Sweden) applied implants to patients with partial edentulousness. The results were favorable, leading the authors to recommend the technique for adult partial edentulousness. Kanomi (1997) showed that a 1.2 mm diameter titanium mini- implant provides anchorage for the intrusion of the lower front teeth. After 4 months, the mandibular incisors were intruded by 6 mm without root resorption. Birte Melsen et al. (1998) introduced the use of zygomatic ligatures as anchorage in patients with partial edentulousness. To this they attached nickel-titanium springs for intrusion and retraction of maxillary incisors. Hugo de Clerk (2008) used 4 mini-implants (Bollard type) inserted into the infra-zygomatic crest in patients with Angle class III anomalies. He used 2 mini-implants with hooks in the chin area, and patients wore Class III 150 grams elastics on each side. This direct anchorage also has orthopedic effects, with clinicians achieving upper jaw advancement and correction of mandibular prognathism.

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Córcoles, Juan, Earl Zastrow, and Niels Kuster. "Convex optimization of MRI exposure for mitigation of RF-heating from active medical implants." Physics in Medicine and Biology 60, no. 18 (September 9, 2015): 7293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/60/18/7293.

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Gustrau, F., A. Bahr, U. Gollor, and D. Köther. "INTERFERECE OF ACTIVE MEDICAL IMPLANTS WITH GSM AND UMTS MOBILE PHONES AND BASE STATIONS." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 48, s1 (2003): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.2003.48.s1.256.

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Edalati, Khatereh, Melanie Stamp, Kumaravelu Ganesan, Alastair Stacey, Gabriel Martin-Hardy, Réjean Fontaine, Steven Prawer, and David J. Garrett. "Improved wetting of gold active braze alloy on diamond for use in medical implants." Diamond and Related Materials 109 (November 2020): 108089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2020.108089.

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Fierens, Guy, Joris Walraevens, Ronald Peeters, Nicolas Verhaert, and Christ Glorieux. "A Miniature, Fiber-Optic Vibrometer for Measuring Unintended Acoustic Output of Active Hearing Implants during Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Sensors 21, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 6589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196589.

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Making use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnostics on patients with implanted medical devices requires caution due to mutual interactions between the device and the electromagnetic fields used by the scanner that can cause a number of adverse events. The presented study offers a novel test method to quantify the risk of unintended output of acoustically stimulating hearing implants. The design and operating principle of an all-optical, MRI safe vibrometer is outlined, followed by an experimental verification of a prototype. Results obtained in an MRI environment indicate that the system can detect peak displacements down to 8 pm for audible frequencies. Feasibility testing was performed with an active middle ear implant that was exposed to several pulse sequences in a 1.5 Tesla MRI environment. Magnetic field induced actuator vibrations, measured during scanning, turned out to be equivalent to estimated sound pressure levels between 25 and 85 dB SPL, depending on the signal frequency. These sound pressure levels are situated well below ambient sound pressure levels generated by the MRI scanning process. The presented case study therefore indicates a limited risk of audible unintended output for the examined hearing implant during MRI.

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Simon, Nicolai, Marvin Schmid, Felix Blendinger, and Volker Bucher. "Long Term Evaluation of the Barrier Properties of Polymer/Metal Oxide Hybrid Layers for Use in Medical Implants." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2022-1111.

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Abstract Encapsulation is essential for mechanically flexible and electrically active implants as it protects them from the harsh environment inside the body. Since the performance and longevity of implants depends on the quality of encapsulation, research continues into new and better encapsulation strategies. Chemical vapour deposition can be used to deposit Parylene-C, a biocompatible polymer, at room temperature. Plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition can be used to deposit ultra-thin, conformal, and hermetic metal oxide layers. These strategies are both used for the encapsulation of implants. In this work, these two methods are combined to create a polymer/metal oxide hybrid system in which a layer system of metal oxides is sandwiched between two Parylene- C layers. DC leakage-current measurement and elevated temperature are used to qualify the barrier property of the layer-system. After more than one year, the barrier properties still show no significant decrease.

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Koro, Eleonor, Elenor Lundgren, Henrik Smeds, and Mimmi Werner. "Long-Term Follow-Up in Active Transcutaneous Bone Conduction Implants." Otology & Neurotology 45, no. 1 (November 26, 2023): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mao.0000000000004057.

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Objective To evaluate long-term outcomes of active transcutaneous bone conduction implants (atBCIs) regarding safety, hearing, and quality of life. Study design A clinical study with retrospective medical record analysis combined with prospective audiometry and quality of life questionnaires. Setting Three secondary to tertiary care hospitals. Patients All subjects operated with an atBCI in three regions in Sweden were asked for informed consent. Indications for atBCI were single-sided deafness (SSD) and conductive or mixed hearing loss (CMHL). Intervention Evaluation of atBCI. Main Outcome Measures Pure tone and speech audiometry and Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI). Result Thirty-three subjects were included and 29 completed all parts. The total follow-up time was 124.1 subject-years. Nineteen subjects had CMHL and in this group, pure tone averages (PTA4) were 56.6 dB HL unaided and 29.6 dB HL aided, comparable with a functional gain of 26.0 dB. Effective gain (EG) was −12.7 dB. With bilateral hearing, Word Recognition Scores (WRS) in noise were 36.5% unaided and 59.1% aided. Fourteen subjects had SSD or asymmetric hearing loss (AHL) and in this group, PTA4 were >100 dB HL unaided and 32.1 dB HL aided with the contralateral ear blocked. EG was −9.1 dB. With bilateral hearing, WRSs were 53.2% unaided and 67.9% aided. The means of the total GBI scores were 31.7 for CMHL and 23.6 for SSD/AHL. Conclusion Few complications occurred during the study. The atBCI is concluded to provide a safe and effective long-term hearing rehabilitation.

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Vissarionov, Sergey V., Marat S. Asadulaev, Anton S. Shabunin, Vladimir E. Yudin, Moisei B. Paneiakh, Pavel V. Popryadukhin, Yury A. Novosad, Vasili A. Gordienko, and Aleksandr G. Aganesov. "Experimental evaluation of the efficiency of chitosan matrixes under conditions of modeling of bone defect in vivo (preliminary message)." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 8, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors16480.

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Background. Despite the wide range of studies, the development of osteoplastic material, which has not only osteoconductive but also osteoinductive properties, remains an extremely topical issue in modern medical materials science. This work is devoted to experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of synthetic osteoplastic composite material based on chitosan and hydroxyapatite. Aim. This study aimed to determine the effects of spongy implants based on chitosan and its composite with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in an amount of 50 wt. % on early osteogenesis in the area of the through defect of the ileum. Materials and methods. The studied materials were sponge implants based on chitosan and its composite with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in an amount of 50 wt. %. Comparison groups include those without implant placement and those with replacement with commercial Reprobone osteoplastic material. Materials were implanted into the zone of the through defect of the ileum of rabbits for a period of 28 days. Results. A high rate of resorption of materials based on chitosan in bone tissue and active growth of reticulofibrotic bone tissue along the edges of the defect was established, and the formation of cartilaginous islands and bone marrow was recorded in the group of chitosan implants with hydroxyapatite. The aseptic effect was observed with the use of implants made of chitosan and hydroxyapatite. Conclusions. The data obtained allow us to argue about the osteoconductivity of the studied materials and the prospects for further development in this direction.

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Tegtmeier, K., Pooyan Aliuos, T. Lenarz, and T. Doll. "Residual rubber shielded multi walled carbon nanotube electrodes for neural interfacing in active medical implants." Physics in Medicine 1 (June 2016): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phmed.2016.04.001.

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SZYMANKIEWICZ, MARIA, TOMASZ NOWIKIEWICZ, and MARTA BIEDKA. "Significance of Infections in Implant Loss After Breast Reconstruction in the Course of Breast Cancer Treatment." Polish Journal of Microbiology 68, no. 3 (September 2019): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2019-037.

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The aim of the study was to analyze the reasons for removing implants after breast reconstruction in the course of treatment of breast cancer. The study involved 428 patients, who underwent a total of 648 breast reconstruction procedures using artificial implants. 47 out of 648 cases (7.3%) were identified in which the implant had to be removed. Of the 47 cases, 57.4% had undergone deferred reconstruction, and 42.6% immediate reconstruction; 27.7% had undergone pre-operative chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 27.7% pre-operative chemotherapy, and 2.1% pre-operative radiotherapy; 6.4% were diabetic, 4.3% active smokers, and more than 50.0% had BMI greater than 25 kg/m2. In 83.0% of the analyzed cases, the reason for removal of the implant was infection, in 8.5% it was local recurrence of breast cancer, in 4.3% it was damage (leakage) of the implant, and in 2.1% it was post-operative pain. About 87.0% of infections appeared within one year of implantation; however, less than a half developed within 90 days of the reconstructive surgery, and up to 30 days only about 13.0% had appeared. Among the etiological agents of infections were: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (31.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (18.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5%), Acinetobacter lwoffii (3.1%), and other Gram-negative fermenting rods accounted for 6.2%. Infections were the most common reason for removing the implant after breast reconstruction. and occurred most often as late infections (> 30 days after surgery). The time of observation for infectious complications should be at least 1 year.

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Fernandes, Catarina, and Irene Taurino. "Biodegradable Molybdenum (Mo) and Tungsten (W) Devices: One Step Closer towards Fully-Transient Biomedical Implants." Sensors 22, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 3062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22083062.

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Close monitoring of vital physiological parameters is often key in following the evolution of certain medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, infections, post-operative status or post-traumatic injury). The allocation of trained medical staff and specialized equipment is, therefore, necessary and often translates into a clinical and economic burden on modern healthcare systems. As a growing field, transient electronics may establish fully bioresorbable medical devices capable of remote real-time monitoring of therapeutically relevant parameters. These devices could alert remote medical personnel in case of any anomaly and fully disintegrate in the body without a trace. Unfortunately, the need for a multitude of biodegradable electronic components (power supplies, wires, circuitry) in addition to the electrochemical biosensing interface has halted the arrival of fully bioresorbable electronically active medical devices. In recent years molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) have drawn increasing attention as promising candidates for the fabrication of both energy-powered active (e.g., transistors and integrated circuits) and passive (e.g., resistors and capacitors) biodegradable electronic components. In this review, we discuss the latest Mo and W-based dissolvable devices for potential biomedical applications and how these soluble metals could pave the way towards next-generation fully transient implantable electronic systems.

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Ernst, M., M. Windolf, V. Varjas, D. Gehweiler, B. Gueorguiev-Rüegg, and R. G. Richards. "AO FRACTURE MONITOR: CONTINUOUS SENSOR MONITORING FOR PERSONALIZED FRACTURE CARE." Orthopaedic Proceedings 106-B, SUPP_2 (January 2, 2024): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2024.2.031.

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In absence of available quantitative measures, the assessment of fracture healing based on clinical examination and X-rays remains a subjective matter. Lacking reliable information on the state of healing, rehabilitation is hardly individualized and mostly follows non evidence-based protocols building on common guidelines and personal experience. Measurement of fracture stiffness has been demonstrated as a valid outcome measure for the maturity of the repair tissue but so far has not found its way to clinical application outside the research space. However, with the recent technological advancements and trends towards digital health care, this seems about to change with new generations of instrumented implants – often unfortunately termed “smart implants” – being developed as medical devices.The AO Fracture Monitor is a novel, active, implantable sensor system designed to provide an objective measure for the assessment of fracture healing progression (1). It consists of an implantable sensor that is attached to conventional locking plates and continuously measures implant load during physiological weight bearing. Data is recorded and processed in real-time on the implant, from where it is wirelessly transmitted to a cloud application via the patient's smartphone. Thus, the system allows for timely, remote and X-ray free provision of feedback upon the mechanical competence of the repair tissue to support therapeutic decision making and individualized aftercare.The device has been developed according to medical device standards and underwent extensive verification and validation, including an in-vivo study in an ovine tibial osteotomy model, that confirmed the device's capability to depict the course of fracture healing as well as its long-term technical performance. Currently a multi-center clinical investigation is underway to demonstrate clinical safety of the novel implant system. Rendering the progression of bone fracture healing assessable, the AO Fracture Monitor carries potential to enhance today's postoperative care of fracture patients.

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Borzenkov, Mykola, Piersandro Pallavicini, Angelo Taglietti, Laura D’Alfonso, Maddalena Collini, and Giuseppe Chirico. "Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (July 31, 2020): 1134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.98.

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Bacterial contamination is a severe issue that affects medical devices, hospital tools and surfaces. When microorganisms adhere to a surface (e.g., medical devices or implants) they can develop into a biofilm, thereby becoming more resistant to conventional biocides and disinfectants. Nanoparticles can be used as an antibacterial agent in medical instruments or as a protective coating in implantable devices. In particular, attention is being drawn to photothermally active nanoparticles that are capable of converting absorbed light into heat. These nanoparticles can efficiently eradicate bacteria and biofilms upon light activation (predominantly near the infrared to near-infrared spectral region) due a rapid and pronounced local temperature increase. By using this approach new, protective, antibacterial surfaces and materials can be developed that can be remotely activated on demand. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the art regarding the application of various photothermally active nanoparticles and their corresponding nanocomposites for the light-triggered eradication of bacteria and biofilms.

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Seter, Marianne, Melanie J. Thomson, Alison Chong, Douglas R. MacFarlane, and Maria Forsyth. "Cetrimonium Nalidixate as a Multifunctional Inhibitor to Combat Biofilm Formation and Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 8 (2013): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13107.

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Microbial infection of surfaces and the formation of biofilms is a pervasive problem that appears in diverse fields from medical implants to corrosion of marine structures. We show here, for the first time, the multifunctional inhibitory effects of an environmentally friendly organic salt, cetrimonium nalidixate, a dual active compound based on concepts emerging from the active ionic liquids field. This salt when incorporated into a polyurethane coating leads to complete inhibition of microbiologically influenced corrosion in the presence of several bacteria strains commonly found in marine environments.

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Awaja, Firas, Daniel V. Bax, Shengnan Zhang, Natalie James, and David R. McKenzie. "Cell Adhesion to PEEK Treated by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition for Active Medical Implants." Plasma Processes and Polymers 9, no. 4 (February 17, 2012): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201100034.

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Khaimov, Valeria, Thomas Reske, Claudia Matschegewski, Niels Grabow, and Thomas Eickner. "Safety evaluation of resveratrol as an active compound for drug-eluting cardiovascular implants." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-0083.

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AbstractResveratrol is a member of stilbenoids with promising anti-atherosclerotic properties. This hallmark makes it an extremely interesting candidate for local drug delivery to damaged tissue adjacent to the implant in order to reduce implant-related complications. For the regulatory approval drug-eluting medical devices have to be thoroughly tested for safety, efficacy and interactions with the surrounding tissue, including tests for sensitization among others. Studies for sensitization help to estimate the risk for an allergic reaction upon prolonged exposure to a chemical compound. Due to increased social and regulatory demand for replacement of animal experiments by in vitro approaches a number of reliable predictive non-animal tests have been developed. Here, we assessed the skin sensitization potential of resveratrol by the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA), one of the first non-animal tests adopted by the OECD.

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Tabares, Francisco L., and Ita Junkar. "Cold Plasma Systems and Their Application in Surface Treatments for Medicine." Molecules 26, no. 7 (March 28, 2021): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071903.

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Abstract:

In this paper, a review of cold plasma setups and the physical and chemical processes leading to the generation of active species is presented. The emphasis is given to the interaction of cold plasmas with materials used in medical applications, especially medical implants as well as live cells. An overview of the different kinds of plasmas and techniques used for generation of active species, which significantly alter the surface properties of biomaterials is presented. The elemental processes responsible for the observed changes in the physio-chemical properties of surfaces when exposed to plasma are described. Examples of ongoing research in the field are given to illustrate the state-of-the-art at the more conceptual level.

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Wahed, Sonia B., Colin R. Dunstan, Philip A. Boughton, Andrew J. Ruys, Shaikh N. Faisal, Tania B. Wahed, Bidita Salahuddin, et al. "Functional Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composites for Ligament Reconstructions and Their Targeted Applications in the Restoration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament." Polymers 14, no. 11 (May 28, 2022): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112189.

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The selection of biomaterials as biomedical implants is a significant challenge. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and composites of such kind have been extensively used in medical implants, notably in the bearings of the hip, knee, and other joint prostheses, owing to its biocompatibility and high wear resistance. For the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) graft, synthetic UHMWPE is an ideal candidate due to its biocompatibility and extremely high tensile strength. However, significant problems are observed in UHMWPE based implants, such as wear debris and oxidative degradation. To resolve the issue of wear and to enhance the life of UHMWPE as an implant, in recent years, this field has witnessed numerous innovative methodologies such as biofunctionalization or high temperature melting of UHMWPE to enhance its toughness and strength. The surface functionalization/modification/treatment of UHMWPE is very challenging as it requires optimizing many variables, such as surface tension and wettability, active functional groups on the surface, irradiation, and protein immobilization to successfully improve the mechanical properties of UHMWPE and reduce or eliminate the wear or osteolysis of the UHMWPE implant. Despite these difficulties, several surface roughening, functionalization, and irradiation processing technologies have been developed and applied in the recent past. The basic research and direct industrial applications of such material improvement technology are very significant, as evidenced by the significant number of published papers and patents. However, the available literature on research methodology and techniques related to material property enhancement and protection from wear of UHMWPE is disseminated, and there is a lack of a comprehensive source for the research community to access information on the subject matter. Here we provide an overview of recent developments and core challenges in the surface modification/functionalization/irradiation of UHMWPE and apply these findings to the case study of UHMWPE for ACL repair.

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Vickers, Deborah, John Briggs, Wiebke Lamping, Rachel Andrew, Mina Bingham, Joseph Toner, Stacey Cooper, et al. "Medical Safety and Device Reliability of Active Transcutaneous Middle Ear and Bone Conducting Implants: A Long-Term Multi-Centre Observational Study." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (July 18, 2023): 8279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148279.

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Active bone-conducting hearing devices (aBCHD; e.g., MEDEL Bonebridge® (BB)) and active middle ear implants (aMEI; e.g., MEDEL Vibrant Soundbridge® (VSB)) use radio frequency transmission to send information from an external microphone and sound processor to an internally implanted transducer. These devices potentially have an advantage over devices with percutaneous links because the skin is closed over the implantable components, which should reduce the risk of skin problems and infection. On the other hand, surgical procedures are more complex, with a greater risk of damage due to surgery. The objectives of this research were to quantify the reliability and long-term survival of MEDEL VSB and BB devices, determine the adverse and serious adverse device-related complications, and consider associated causes. A multi-center observational retrospective and prospective study was conducted at eleven auditory implant centers in the United Kingdom. Data was collected using a surgical questionnaire and audiological reports. Data were obtained from patient notes or from prospective cases that had a minimum follow-up of one year post-implant. Consecutive patient records were reviewed. Datasets from 109 BB and 163 VSB were reviewed. Of these, 205 were retrospective case note reviews, and 67 were prospective cases. The mean follow-up was 4 and 6 years, respectively, for BB and VSB. Kaplan–Meier Survival analyses indicated that the BB survival was 97% and 93.3% at 1 and 5 years, respectively, and the VSB was 92.1% and 87% at the same time points. This is a large cohort study for the field and has indicated that BB and VSB are safe interventions. Care should be taken to monitor magnet strength in the first few months. For the majority of device-related effects, there was no apparent association with etiology. However, an interesting pattern emerged for individuals who exhibited an inflammatory response, e.g., adhesions or device extrusion, and those with a history of chronic suppurative otitis media. This should be considered in future work and is not surprising given that many VSB recipients have a complicated hearing history, often associated with otitis media.

Journal articles on the topic 'Active medical implants'

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