Journal articles: 'Active-front-end converter'

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Dave, Kapilkumar C., and Dr Utkarsh Seetha. "Improved Design of Active Front End Converter." Global Journal For Research Analysis 2, no. 1 (June 15, 2012): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/january2013/90.

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P, Elangovan, Kamatchi ., Nandhini ., Kamaatchi Devi, and Kokila . "Grid Integrated Solar Energy Conversion System Using Super-Lift Converter." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.24 (April 25, 2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.24.12025.

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Grid integrated photovoltaic (PV) system is capable of maximizing solar energy conversion by minimizing power losses. Conventionally, the grid integrated PV system uses boost or buck-boost DC-DC converters in the DC link for lifting up the PV output. Also, a separate complex circuit is used for active power compensation in the grid end. This paper proposes an advanced DC-DC converter by name Super-Lift Converter (SLC) in the DC link of grid integrated PV system. Unlike the conventional DC-DC converters, the proposed converter lifts up the DC link voltage thrice that of the input voltage. In addition, the proposed SLC is regulated using a PI controlled active front end (AFE) topology, which results in operation of unity power factor at grid end. The suggested system is simulated using MATLAB software. The presented results such as grid end voltage and current, input and output power of SLC and DC link voltage validates the effectiveness of the developed system.

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Ojha, Amit. "Design of Control System Using Online Tuning of PI Controllers for Three-Phase Active Front End Neutral Point Clamped Three-Level Converter." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 53, no. 6 (December 23, 2020): 869–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.530613.

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In conventional DC link AC-AC converter system, uncontrolled front end converter has inherent problem of power quality. To overcome the problem associated with uncontrolled front end converter, multilevel front end converter will be good choice for high power applications. In the paper, unity power factor control system (UPC) for active front end (AFE) neutral point clamped (NPC) 3-level converter is presented. PI controllers are used in UPC and for tuning of PI controllers it is essentially required to know the different time constants with their gains exactly for evaluating the optimized controller parameters for steady operation of the NPC rectifier. In this paper a simplified and accurate method of online tuning of PI controllers in UPC is derived and implemented for three phase AFE NPC 3-level converter. Complete design procedure for the design of control system for AFE NPC 3-level is also presented in this paper. Based on developed model, simulations are carried in MATLAB/SIMULIK environment. Experimentation results confirm the simulation results.

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Chuang Liu, Pengwei Sun, Jih-Sheng Lai, Yanchao Ji, Mingyan Wang, Chien-Liang Chen, and Guowei Cai. "Cascade dual-boost/buck active-front-end converter for intelligent universal transformer." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 59, no. 12 (December 2012): 4671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2182014.

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Liu, Xing, Lin Qiu, Wenjie Wu, Jien Ma, Youtong Fang, Zhouhua Peng, and Dan Wang. "Efficient model-free predictive power control for active front-end modular multilevel converter." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 132 (November 2021): 107058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107058.

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., SH Suresh Kumar Budi. "A NOVEL P-Q CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR COMBINED ACTIVE FRONT END CONVERTER AND SHUNT ACTIVE FILTER." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 02, no. 12 (December 25, 2013): 778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0212130.

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Zabihinejad, Amin, and Philippe Viarouge. "Global optimization of high-power modular multilevel active-front-end converter using analytical model." Electrical Engineering 100, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00202-017-0523-5.

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Banda, Joseph Kiran, and Amit Kumar Jain. "Single-current-sensor-based active front-end-converter-fed four quadrants induction motor drive." Sādhanā 42, no. 8 (June 20, 2017): 1275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12046-017-0681-1.

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Petković, Marko, and Dražen Dujić. "Terminal characteristics measurements and analysis of the three‐phase Active Front‐End converter building block." IET Electric Power Applications 15, no. 10 (July 6, 2021): 1399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12107.

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Salgado-Herrera, Nadia Maria, David Campos-Gaona, Olimpo Anaya-Lara, Aurelio Medina-Rios, Roberto Tapia-Sánchez, and Juan Ramon Rodríguez-Rodríguez. "THD Reduction in Wind Energy System Using Type-4 Wind Turbine/PMSG Applying the Active Front-End Converter Parallel Operation." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2018): 2458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092458.

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In this paper, the active front-end (AFE) converter topology for the total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction in a wind energy system (WES) is used. A higher THD results in serious pulsations in the wind turbine (WT) output power and several power losses at the WES. The AFE converter topology improves the capability, efficiency, and reliability in the energy conversion devices; by modifying a conventional back-to-back converter, from using a single voltage source converter (VSC) to use pVSC connected in parallel, the AFE converter is generated. The THD reduction is achieved by applying a different phase shift angle at the carrier of digital sinusoidal pulse width modulation (DSPWM) switching signals of each VSC. To verify the functionality of the proposed methodology, the WES simulation in Matlab-Simulink® (Matlab r2015b, Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA) is analyzed, and the experimental laboratory tests using the concept of rapid control prototyping (RCP) and the real-time simulator Opal-RT Technologies (Montreal, QC, Canada) is achieved. The obtained results show a type-4 WT with a total output power of 6 MVA, generating a THD reduction up to 5.5 times of the total WES current output by Fourier series expansion.

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Elbarbary, Z. "Six-switch converter fed sensorless three-phase IM drive for home appliances." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/irase.3.2012.1.7.

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Abstract In this paper, a single-phase to three-phase converter is proposed to provide variable output voltage and frequency. The proposed topology employs only six IGBT switches, which form the front-end rectifier and the output inverter for the one step conversion from single-phase supply to output three-phase supply. The front-end rectifier permits bidirectional power flow and provides excellent regulation against fluctuations in source voltage. Moreover, it incorporates active input current shaping feature. An easy method to implement control strategy is proposed. This control strategy ensures nearly unity input power factor with sinusoidal input current over the operating range. Based on sensorless vector control technique, the proposed converter is used for the speed control of the three-phase induction motor. A low cost motor drive can be achieved using the proposed converter and control technique. Simulation and experimental results are carried out to analyse and explore the characteristics of the low cost drive system.

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Vavilapalli, Sridhar, Umashankar Subramaniam, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Design and Controller-In-Loop Simulations of a Low Cost Two-Stage PV-Simulator." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102774.

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A PV-Simulator is a DC power source in which the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of different PV arrays can be programmed. With a PV-simulator, the operation of the solar power conditioning systems can be validated at a laboratory level itself before actual field trials. In this work, design, operation and controls for a two-stage programmable PV-simulator required for the testing of solar power conditioning systems are presented. The proposed PV-simulator consists of a three-level T-type active front-end converter in the first stage and a buck-chopper-based DC-DC converter in the second stage. An active front-end rectifier using a three-level T-type IGBT-based converter is used at the input stage to help in operating the system at unity power factor. A DC-DC converter at the output stage of the simulator is regulated to obtain the I-V characteristics of the programmed PV-Array. Hardware-In-Loop simulations are carried out to validate the proposed system and the associated controls implemented in the controller. As a case study, this PV-simulator is programmed with electrical parameters of a selected PV-array and the characteristics obtained from the PV-simulator are compared with the actual PV-array characteristics. The dynamic response of the system for sudden changes in the load and sudden changes in irradiance values are studied.

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Zabihinejad, Amin, and Philippe Viarouge. "Optimal Design of High-Power Modular Multilevel Active Front-End Converter Using an Innovative Analytical Model." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 46, no. 10 (October 2018): 3417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2018.2844352.

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Ojha, Amit, Pradyumn Chaturvedi, Arvind Mittal, and S. Jain. "Neutral Point Potential Control for Three Phase 3 - level Neutral Point Clamped Active Front End Converter." International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 342–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2017.9.2.10.

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15

Huerta, Francisco, Sebastian Stynski, Santiago Cobreces, Mariusz Malinowski, and Francisco J. Rodriguez. "Novel Control of Three-Phase Active Front-End Converter With Compensation of Unknown Grid-Side Inductance." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 58, no. 8 (August 2011): 3275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2010.2089942.

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Tsenes, Ptros S., Giorgos E. Stratakos, and Nikolaos K. Uzunoglu. "X-Band MMIC Active Mixers." Active and Passive Electronic Components 25, no. 1 (2002): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827510211277.

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In this paper two active MMIC mixers for RF front-end applications are described. A down-converter that converts an RF signal(fRF=10.45 GHz)into an IF signal(fIF=0.95 GHz)using an LO signal(fLO=9.5 GHz)and an up-converter that performs the opposite process have been fabricated. The down-converter is designed using the topology of a dual-gate pHEMT, while the up-converter is implemented in the form of a double balanced mixer using the topology of the Gilbert cell and the occupied areas are approximately0.78 mm2and3.86 mm2, respectively. Both mixers present conversion gain, very low input and output return losses, very good isolation between all of their ports and the required LO power is quite low, while the up-converter contains on chip, except for the dc-bias and matching sub-circuits, the required LO and RF baluns. Both circuits have been fabricated using the H-40 process of GEC-Marconi. Section 1 presents fundamentals on mixer theory and mixer design while in Section 2 the characteristics of H-40 process are described. In Section 3 and in Section 4 the designing, the simulated and the measured results of the down-converter and the up-converter are presented, respectively.

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Varu, Deepakkumar M., and Nitin H. Adroja. "Design of Single Phase Active Front End Converter With Reduced Line Current Harmonics for Power Factor Improvement." INROADS- An International Journal of Jaipur National University 5, no. 1s (2016): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2277-4912.2016.00061.8.

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18

Wiechmann, E. P., R. P. Burgos, and J. Holtz. "Active front-end converter for medium-voltage current-source drives using sequential-sampling synchronous space-vector modulation." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 50, no. 6 (December 2003): 1275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2003.819692.

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Amin, Saghir, Hyun-Hwa Lee, and Woojin Choi. "A Novel Power Decoupling Control Method to Eliminate the Double Line Frequency Ripple of Two Stage Single-Phase DC-AC Power Conversion Systems." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060931.

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In two-stage single-phase inverters, inherent double line frequency ripple is present at both the input and output of the front-end converter. Generally, large electrolytic capacitors are used to eliminate this double line frequency ripple. It is well known that low frequency ripple shortens the lifespan of capacitors. Hence, the system reliability can get worse. In order to eliminate the double line frequency ripple, additional hardware combined with an energy storage device is required in most of the methods developed so far. In this paper, a novel power-decoupling control method is proposed to eliminate the double line frequency ripple at the front-end converter of two-stage single phase DC/AC power conversion systems. The proposed control algorithm is composed of two loops, a ripple compensation loop and an average voltage control loop, and no extra hardware is required. Since the proposed method does not require information from the phase-locked-loop (PLL) of the inverter, it is independent of inverter control. In order to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed algorithm a 5 kW Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC/DC converter and a single-phase inverter are implemented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through the simulation and experimental results.

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Marzoughi, Alinaghi, Rolando Burgos, and Dushan Boroyevich. "Optimum Design Guidelines for the Modular Multilevel Converter in Active Front-End Applications: Considerations for Passive Component Reduction." IEEE Power Electronics Magazine 5, no. 2 (June 2018): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpel.2018.2821958.

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Athab, Hussain S., Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu, and Krishnathevar Ramar. "A Single-Switch AC/DC Flyback Converter Using a CCM/DCM Quasi-Active Power Factor Correction Front-End." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 59, no. 3 (March 2012): 1517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2158771.

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22

Hamad, MS, and MI Masoud. "Compensated Medium Voltage 6-Pulse CSR Using Shunt Active Power Filters: Three Different Configurations." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol11iss1pp1-10.

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The 6-pulse controlled AC/DC converter produces harmonics. The input current total harmonic distortion and the input power factor, which is firing delay angle dependent, are major drawbacks, and a compensation technique is mandatory. This paper introduces a compensated 6-pulse current sourcecontrolled rectifier with a shunt active power filter (APF ) in different configurations. The shunt APF with predictive current control is coupled to the 6-pulse systems in three different compensation configurations. The APF is connected either directly to the front-end transformer primary or secondary side or via a transformer to reduce the filter side voltage. The comparison between these configuration is introduced; each configuration has merits and demerits. The comparison cannot be genuine. Simulation results are presented for a medium voltage converter which is scaled to allow low-voltage experimental confirmation.

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Cikač, Dominik, Nikola Turk, Neven Bulić, and Stefano Barbanti. "Pulse Pattern Optimization Based on Brute Force Method for Medium-Voltage Three-Level NPC Converter with Active Front End." Electronics 9, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101685.

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Nowadays, regulation standards regarding the injection of harmonics in the grid power supply are becoming stricter. These standards have a direct impact on the design and control of converters, especially in medium-voltage drives. To fulfil these standards, converters are designed to work with the power factor as close to unity as possible and to correct the harmonics spectrum in case of a grid power supply with multiple resonances. The preferred modulation technique for medium-voltage drives is usually selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation. This approach requires a precise calculation of pulse patterns (switching angle vs. modulation index) with additional constraints. This research presents a new approach for the determination of optimal pulse patterns. The technique ensures the elimination of low-order harmonics and minimization of some high-order ones. The proposed technique incorporates the additional constraints regarding minimum on/off switching time (pulse duration) and ensures the continuity of pulse patterns. Optimal pulse patterns are determined with the brute force method which searches the feasible solution space by use of the Jacobian matrix null space. Determined pulse patterns are verified by the simulation and experimental measurements.

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Chen, Sizheng, Tingting Shi, Lei Ma, Cheng Kang, Na Yan, and Hao Min. "A Low Power Impedance Transparent Receiver with Linearity Enhancement Technique for IoT Applications." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9130910.

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A low power receiver with impedance transparent RF front end is presented. By using the 4-path passive mixer and the active feedback of LNA, the baseband impedance profile is further transferred to receiver input. While a LO-defined input matching is formed by RF front end, the linearity of entire receiver chain is improved. Furthermore, derivative superposition technique is employed to cancel the distortion of the CMOS LNA. A 3rd-order active-RC filter is designed with current-efficient feedforward compensated OTA. And a digital-to-time converter (DTC) assisted fractional-N all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) is codesigned with receiver to meet the IoT requirements. The presented receiver is fabricated in 55 nm CMOS technology with an active area of 2.3 mm2 and power consumption of 20 mW. Measurement results show that the receiver achieves 5.3 dB NF with 78 dB gain from 0.6 to 1 GHz, the RX out-of-band IIP3 is +8 dBm, and in-band IIP3 is −10 dBm, and the ADPLL achieves −94 dBc/Hz in-band PN and −120.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset.

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Elangovan, P., and Nalin Kant Mohanty. "PI Controlled Active Front End Super-Lift Converter with Ripple Free DC Link for Three Phase Induction Motor Drives." Journal of Power Electronics 16, no. 1 (January 20, 2016): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/jpe.2016.16.1.190.

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Udhayakumar, G., Rashmi M R, K. Patel, G. P. Ramesh, and Suresh A. "Supply Power Factor Improvement in Ozone Generator System Using Active Power Factor Correction Converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i2.pp326-336.

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<p>Artificial Ozone Generating system needs High Voltage, High Frequency supply. The Ozonator distorts the supply currents and henceforth affect the supply power factor. This paper presents the performance comparison of PWM inverter to Power Factor Corrected (PFC) converter with PWM inverter based High-voltage High-frequency power supply for ozone generator system. The conventional inverter has front end bridge rectifier with smoothing capacitor. It draws non-sinusoidal current from ac mains; as a result input supply has more harmonics and poor power factor. Hence, there is a continuous need for power factor improvement and reduction of line current harmonics. The proposed system has active power factor correction converter which is used to achieve sinusoidal current and improve the supply power factor. The active PFC converter with PWM inverter fed ozone generator generates more ozone output compared to the conventional inverter. Thus the proposed system has less current harmonics and better input power factor compared to the conventional system. The performance of the both inverters are compared and analyzed with the help of simulation results presented in this paper.</p>

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R R, Bavatharani, and Dr N. Narmadhai. "An Multi-Input ZCS DC-DC Front-End- Converter Based Multilevel Inverter for the Integration of Renewable Energy Sources." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060624.

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This paper dealt with current fed front end current switched DC chopper interfaced with multilevel inverter posses multiple inputs. The converter holds two switches only to accept two inputs. Then the switching stress becomes low and simple in structure. Reduced number of active and passive components makes the circuit becomes convenient for high power applications, intensive to prevent the entire circuit from losses. The ZCS turn-off is enabled through proposed Artificial Neural Networks (ANN).In the proposed work, Function Fitting Neural Network technique is considered. The proposed structure is simulated using MATLAB. The simulation result shows that the proposed inter combined network avoids switching losses.

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Viatkin, Aleksandr, Riccardo Mandrioli, Manel Hammami, Mattia Ricco, and Gabriele Grandi. "AC Current Ripple Harmonic Pollution in Three-Phase Four-Leg Active Front-End AC/DC Converter for On-Board EV Chargers." Electronics 10, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020116.

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Three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters have been considered for some recent projects in smart grids and in the automotive industry, projects such as on-board electric vehicles (EVs) chargers, thanks to their built-in ability to handle unbalanced AC currents through the 4th wire (neutral). Although conventional carrier-based modulations (CBMs) and space vector modulations (SVMs) have been commonly applied and extensively studied for three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters, very little has been reported concerning their pollution impact on AC grid in terms of switching ripple currents. This paper introduces a thorough analytical derivation of peak-to-peak and RMS values of the AC current ripple under balanced and unbalanced working conditions, in the case of three-phase four-leg converters with uncoupled AC-link inductors. The proposed mathematical approach covers both phase and neutral currents. All analytical findings have been applied to two industry recognized CBM methods, namely sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (PWM) and centered PWM (equivalent to SVM). The derived equations are effective, simple, and ready-to-use for accurate AC current ripple calculations. At the same time, the proposed equations and diagrams can be successfully adopted to design the conversion system basing on the grid codes in terms of current ripple (or total harmonic distortion (THD)/total demand distortion (TDD)) restrictions, enabling the sizing of AC-link inductors and the determination of the proper switching frequency for the given operating conditions. The analytical developments have been thoroughly verified by numerical simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and by extensive experimental tests.

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Viatkin, Aleksandr, Riccardo Mandrioli, Manel Hammami, Mattia Ricco, and Gabriele Grandi. "AC Current Ripple Harmonic Pollution in Three-Phase Four-Leg Active Front-End AC/DC Converter for On-Board EV Chargers." Electronics 10, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020116.

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Three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters have been considered for some recent projects in smart grids and in the automotive industry, projects such as on-board electric vehicles (EVs) chargers, thanks to their built-in ability to handle unbalanced AC currents through the 4th wire (neutral). Although conventional carrier-based modulations (CBMs) and space vector modulations (SVMs) have been commonly applied and extensively studied for three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters, very little has been reported concerning their pollution impact on AC grid in terms of switching ripple currents. This paper introduces a thorough analytical derivation of peak-to-peak and RMS values of the AC current ripple under balanced and unbalanced working conditions, in the case of three-phase four-leg converters with uncoupled AC-link inductors. The proposed mathematical approach covers both phase and neutral currents. All analytical findings have been applied to two industry recognized CBM methods, namely sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (PWM) and centered PWM (equivalent to SVM). The derived equations are effective, simple, and ready-to-use for accurate AC current ripple calculations. At the same time, the proposed equations and diagrams can be successfully adopted to design the conversion system basing on the grid codes in terms of current ripple (or total harmonic distortion (THD)/total demand distortion (TDD)) restrictions, enabling the sizing of AC-link inductors and the determination of the proper switching frequency for the given operating conditions. The analytical developments have been thoroughly verified by numerical simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and by extensive experimental tests.

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Hamad, M. S., M. I. Masoud, B. W. Williams, and S. Finney. "Medium voltage 12-pulse converter: ac side compensation using a shunt active power filter in a novel front end transformer configuration." IET Power Electronics 5, no. 8 (2012): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2011.0373.

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Wang, Rui, Qiuye Sun, Qifu Cheng, and Dazhong Ma. "The Stability Analysis of a Multi-Port Single-Phase Solid-State Transformer in the Electromagnetic Timescale." Energies 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 2250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092250.

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This paper proposes an overall practical stability assessment for a multi-port single-phase solid-state transformer (MS3T) in the electromagnetic timescale. When multiple stable subsystems are combined into one MS3T, the newly formed MS3T has a certain possibility to be unstable. Thus, this paper discusses the stability assessment of the MS3T in detail. First and foremost, the structure of the MS3T and its three stage control strategies are proposed. Furthermore, the stability analysis of each of the MS3T’s subsystems is achieved through the closed loop transfer function of each subsystem, respectively, including an AC-DC front-end side converter, dual active bridge (DAB) with a high-frequency (HF) or medium-frequency (MF) transformer, and back-end side incorporating DC-AC and dc-dc converters. Furthermore, the practical impedance stability criterion in the electromagnetic timescale, which only requires two current sensors and one external high-bandwidth small-signal sinusoidal perturbation current source, is proposed by the Gershgorin theorem and Kirchhoff laws. Finally, the overall stability assessment, based on a modified impedance criterion for the MS3T is investigated. The overall practical stability assessment of the MS3T can be validated through extensive simulation and hardware results.

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Shanmugam, Sathishkumar, Anbarasu Loganathan, Krishna kumar Kanakarajan, Parimala Krishnan, and Aruna Subramaniam. "Implementation,Simulation of Four Switch Converter Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Drive for Industrial Applications." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 12, no. 6 (November 17, 2016): 4143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i6.4370.

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This Research paper proposes a low cost four switch three phase inverter (FSTPI) fed brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive for Active power factor correction for residential applicationswith out environmental issues. This proposed system is simplified the topological structure of the conventional six switch three phase inverter (SSTPI) and includes an active power factor correction in front end rectifier which results in sinusoidal input current and it closed to unity power factor. In this project a new structure of four switch three phase inverter with reduced number of switches for system is introduced. This system consists of single phase rectifier and four switch three phase inverter. This proposed inverter fed BLDC motor used in Sensorless control schemes. To improve sensorless control performance, six commutation modes based on direct current controlled PWM scheme is implemented to produced the desire Torque-Speed characteristics. This four switch three phase inverter is achieved by the reduction of switches, low cost control and saving of hall sensor. The design and implementation of low cost four switch inverter for Brushless motor drive with active power factor correction have been conducted successfully and valediction of the proposed sensorless control for four switch three phase inverter fed BLDC motor drive is developed and analysed using both MATLAB/SIMULINK and hardware results are verified out successfully.

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Hoffmann, Stefan, Matthias Bock, and Eckart Hoene. "A New Filter Concept for High Pulse-Frequency 3-Phase AFE Motor Drives." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 2814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102814.

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The size of back-to-back converters with active front end is significantly determined by the size of the passive filter components. This paper presents a new complete EMC filter concept for this type of converter system that is effective on the input and the output. This involves filtering the main common mode interferences from the grid and motor sides with a single CM choke. Since only the difference of the generated common mode voltage-time areas of both converters is absorbed by this component, the size of the required filter can be greatly reduced compared to conventional filter concepts. The concept is validated on a grid feeding inverter that can be connected to the public distribution network with an output power of 63 kW. The size reduction is demonstrated by means of a design example on a system with the same power and electrical requirements. It is elaborated why, applying the new filter concept, the impedance of the DC link potentials to ground and other electrical potentials should be as high as possible and therefore associated parasitic capacitances should be minimized. From this requirement, rules for the design of the power modules of PFC and motor converters for the application of this filter concept are derived.

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Zhang, Yinglu, Zhenzhu Xi, Xingpeng Chen, Honglan Wei, Long Huang, and Wei Xiao. "Design of Analog Front-end Circuit for Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric Instrument." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 23, no. 3 (September 2018): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/jeeg23.3.305.

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High-performance audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) instrument is one means of obtaining high-quality electromagnetic (EM) data. To improve the ability of AMT system to obtain high-quality data, this paper presents a design for a high-performance analog front-end circuit for AMT instrument. It mainly consists of the input protection, preamplifier, passive high pass filter, power frequency notch filter, programmable amplifier, and active low pass filter. In addition, this paper proposes a design of low-noise, high-performance preamplifier, which improves the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of analog front-end circuit and effectively enhances the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the circuit. The front-end circuit utilized two-stage twin-T notch filter to effectively suppress the strong interference of fundamental component of power frequency. Also, it used signal relays to control circuit gain and selection of cutoff frequency of anti-aliasing filter, resulting in the improvement of the capability of the analog-to-digital Converter (ADC) to distinguish weak EM signal. The measured results of the electric field and magnetic field channel showed that: 1) The circuit works in frequency range of 1 Hz∼100 kHz; 2) The CMRR values of the preamplifier of electric field channel at low frequencies (1 Hz∼1 kHz) are 111 dB and 97 dB when the gains are 20 dB and 6 dB respectively; 3) The maximum attenuation fundamental power frequency can reach −39.46 dB and −39.04 dB respectively; 4) The total harmonic distortion rate at 1 kHz is 0.022% and 0.029% respectively; 5) The input noise levels of electric field channel are 12.67nV / [Formula: see text] @10Hz and 8.15V / [Formula: see text] @1kHz, while the input noise levels of magnetic field channel are 8.97nV / [Formula: see text] @10Hz and 6.16V / [Formula: see text] @1kHz; and 6) In conclusion, the analog front-end circuit is superior to meet the requirements of the AMT methods, and provides a useful reference for the development of AMT instrument.

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35

Round, Simon, Frank Schafmeister, Marcelo Heldwein, Eduardo Pereira, Leonardo Serpa, and Johann Kolar. "Comparison of Performance and Realization Effort of a Very Sparse Matrix Converter to a Voltage DC Link PWM Inverter with Active Front End." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 126, no. 5 (2006): 578–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.126.578.

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Kim, Si-Hwan, Yeong-Hyeok Jang, and Rae-Young Kim. "Modeling and Hierarchical Structure Based Model Predictive Control of Cascaded Flying Capacitor Bridge Multilevel Converter for Active Front-End Rectifier in Solid-State Transformer." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 66, no. 8 (August 2019): 6560–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2871789.

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37

You, Jiang, Weiyan Fan, Lijun Yu, Bin Fu, and Mengyan Liao. "Disturbance Rejection Control Method of Double-Switch Buck-Boost Converter Using Combined Control Strategy." Energies 12, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020278.

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Since it has strong ability to realize a conversion to adapt to a wide variation of input voltage, the double-switch buck-boost (DSBB) converter is usually employed as a front-end converter in two-stage power converter systems, where conversion efficiency is always highly valued. Because there is only one switch in the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) state in the buck or boost work mode, the combined control scheme was investigated for its advantages in inductor average current and conversion efficiency. However, in this method, the operation mode should be determined by additional logic according to the change of input voltage. Moreover, different control systems should be designed for different operation modes to guarantee dynamic control performance and smooth transition between different work modes. To address these issues, the linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) method is introduced to develop an inner current control loop in this paper. In this method, the model deviations in different work modes are considered as a generalized disturbance, and a unified current control plant can be derived for current controller design. Furthermore, the duty cycle limitations in practice are considered, an additional mode for transitional operation is produced, and the corresponding control scheme is also developed. Simulation and experimental test results are provided to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

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38

Wan, Peiyuan, Limei Su, Hongda Zhang, and Zhijie Chen. "A Power-Efficient Pipelined ADC with an Inherent Linear 1-Bit Flip-Around DAC." Electronics 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010199.

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An unity-gain 1-bit flip-around digital-to-analog converter (FADAC), without any capacitor matching issue, is proposed as the front-end input stage in a pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC), allowing an input signal voltage swing up to be doubled. This large input swing, coupled with the inherent large feedback factor (ideally β = 1) of the proposed FADAC, enables a power-efficient low-voltage high-resolution pipelined ADC design. The 1-bit FADAC is exploited in a SHA-less and opamp-sharing pipelined ADC, exhibiting 12-bit resolution with an input swing of 1.8 Vpp under a 1.1 V power supply. Fabricated in a 0.13-μm CMOS process, the prototype ADC achieves a measured signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio (SNDR) of 66.4 dB and a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 76.7 dB at 20 MS/s sampling rate. The ADC dissipates 5.2 mW of power and occupies an active area of 0.44 mm2. The measured differential nonlinearity (DNL) is +0.72/−0.52 least significant bit (LSB) and integral nonlinearity (INL) is +0.84/−0.75 LSB at a 3-MHz sinusoidal input.

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39

Salgado-Herrera, Nadia Maria, David Campos-Gaona, Olimpo Anaya-Lara, Miguel Robles, Osvaldo Rodríguez-Hernández, and Juan Ramón Rodríguez-Rodríguez. "THD Reduction in Distributed Renewables Energy Access through Wind Energy Conversion System Integration under Wind Speed Conditions in Tamaulipas, Mexico." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 17, 2019): 3550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183550.

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In this article, a technique for the reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD) in distributed renewables energy access (DREA) composed of wind turbines is introduced and tested under the wind speed conditions presented in Tamaulipas, Mexico. The analysis and simulation are delimited by a study case based on wind speeds measured and recorded for one year at two highs in the municipality of Soto La Marina, Tamaulipas, Mexico. From this information, the most probable wind speed and the corresponding turbulence intensity is calculated and applied to a wind energy conversion system (WECS). The WECS is composed of an active front-end (AFE) converter topology using four voltage source converters (VSCs) connected in parallel with a different phase shift angle at the digital sinusoidal pulse width modulation (DSPWM) signals of each VSC. The WECS is formed by the connection of five type-4 wind turbines (WTs). The effectiveness and robustness of the DREA integration are reviewed in the light of a complete mathematical model and corroborated by the simulation results in Matlab-Simulink®. The results evidence a reduction of the THD in grid currents up to four times and which enables the delivery of a power capacity of 10 MVA in the Tamaulipas AC distribution grid that complies with grid code of harmonic distortion production.

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40

Cittanti, Davide, Fabio Mandrile, Matteo Gregorio, and Radu Bojoi. "Design Space Optimization of a Three-Phase LCL Filter for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Charging." Energies 14, no. 5 (February 27, 2021): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051303.

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State-of-the-art ultra-fast battery chargers for electric vehicles simultaneously require high efficiency and high power density, leading to a challenging power converter design. In particular, the grid-side filter, which ensures sinusoidal current absorption with low pulse-width modulation (PWM) harmonic content, can be a major contributor to the overall converter size and losses. Therefore, this paper proposes a complete analysis, design and optimization procedure of a three-phase LCL filter for a modular DC fast charger. First, an overview of the basic LCL filter modeling is provided and the most significant system transfer functions are identified. Then, the optimal ratio between grid-side and converter-side inductance is discussed, aiming for the maximum filtering performance. A novel design methodology, based on a graphical representation of the filter design space, is thus proposed. Specifically, several constraints on the LCL filtering elements are enforced, such that all feasible design parameter combinations are identified. Therefore, since in low-voltage high-power applications the inductive components typically dominate the overall filter volume, loss and cost, the viable LCL filter design that minimizes the total required inductance is selected. The proposed design procedure is applied to a 30 kW, 20 kHz 3-level unidirectional rectifier, employed in a modular DC fast charger. The performance of the selected optimal design, featuring equal grid-side and converter-side 175 μμH inductors and 15 μμF capacitors, is verified experimentally on an active front-end prototype, both in terms of harmonic attenuation capability and current control dynamics. A current total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1.2% is achieved at full load and all generated current harmonics comply with the applicable harmonic standard. Moreover, separate tests are performed with different values of grid inner impedance, verifying the converter control stability in various operating conditions and supporting the general validity of the proposed design methodology.

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Díaz, Matías, and Roberto Cárdenas-Dobson. "Dual current control strategy to fulfill LVRT requirements in WECS." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 1665–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-09-2013-0305.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate a control strategy to fulfill low-voltage ride through (LVRT) requirements in wind energy conversion system (WECS). Design/methodology/approach – This paper considers an active front-end converter of a grid connected WECS working under grid fault conditions. Two strategies based on symmetrical components are studied and proposed: the first one considers control only for positive sequence control (PSC); the second one considered a dual controller for positive and negative sequence controller (PNSC). The performance of each strategy is studied on LVRT requirements fulfillment. Findings – This paper shows presents a control strategy based on symmetrical component to keep the operation of grid-connected WECS under unsymmetrical grid fault conditions. Research limitations/implications – This work is being applied to a 2 kVA laboratory prototype. The lab prototype emulates a grid connected WECS. Originality/value – This paper validate the PNSC strategy to LVRT requirements fulfillment by experimental results obtained for a 2 kVA laboratory prototype. PNSC strategy allows constant active power delivery through grid-voltage dips. In addition, the proposed strategy is able to grid-voltage support by injection of reactive power. Additional features are incorporated to PNSC: sequence separation method using delay signal cancellation and grid frequency identification using phase locked loop.

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42

Fuada, Syifaul, Angga Pratama Putra, Yulian Aska, and Trio Adiono. "Noise Analysis of Trans-impedance Amplifier (TIA) in Variety Op Amp for use in Visible Light Communication (VLC) System." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp159-171.

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VLC is a complex system with lots of challenges in its implementation. One of its problems is noise that originated from internal and external sources (sunlight, artificial light, etc). Internal noise is originated from active components of analog front-end (AFE) circuit, which will be discussed in this paper, especially on the trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) domain. The noise characteristics of AFE circuit in VLC system has been analyzed using the variety of available commercial Op Amp and different types of the photodiode (Si, Si-PIN, Si APD). The approach of this research is based on analytical calculus and simulation using MATLAB®. The results of this research show that the main factor that affecting the noise is en, the feedback resistor (Rf), and junction capacitor in the photodiode (Cj). Besides that, the design concept of multi channel TIA (8 channel) using IC Op Amp, with consideration of pin number of each Op Amp, supply needs, the initial value of Rf, converter to 8-DIP and feedback capacitor (Cf) channel, also discussed in this paper.

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43

Shen, Xiaoning, Jianxing Liu, Abraham Marquez, Wensheng Luo, Jose I. Leon, Sergio Vazquez, and Leopoldo G. Franquelo. "A High-Gain Observer-Based Adaptive Super-Twisting Algorithm for DC-Link Voltage Control of NPC Converters." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051110.

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Acting as an interface between the grid and many energy systems, the active front-end (AFE) has been widely used in a large variety of industrial applications. In this paper, in order to ensure the fast dynamic performance and good disturbance rejection ability of the AFE, a high-gain observer (HGO) plus adaptive super-twisting algorithm (STA) for the three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converter is proposed. Comparing with the conventional PI control strategy, the proposed controller implements the adaptive STA in the voltage regulator to provide a faster transient response. The gains of the adaptive STA keep varying according to the rules being reduced in steady state but increasing in transient conditions. Therefore, the chattering phenomenon is mitigated and the dynamic response is guaranteed. Additionally, to undermine the impact of external disturbances on the dc-link voltage, a high-efficiency HGO is designed in the voltage regulation loop to reject it. Experimental results based on a three-level NPC prototype are given and compared with the conventional PI method to validate the fast dynamic performance and high disturbance rejection ability of the proposed approach.

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44

Cittanti, Davide, Matteo Gregorio, Eugenio Bossotto, Fabio Mandrile, and Radu Bojoi. "Full Digital Control and Multi-Loop Tuning of a Three-Level T-Type Rectifier for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Chargers." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121453.

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The rapid development of electric vehicle ultra-fast battery chargers is increasingly demanding higher efficiency and power density. In particular, a proper control of the grid-connected active front–end can ensure minimum passive component size (i.e., limiting design oversizing) and reduce the overall converter losses. Moreover, fast control dynamics and strong disturbance rejection capability are often required by the subsequent DC/DC stage, which may act as a fast-varying and/or unbalanced load. Therefore, this paper proposes the design, tuning and implementation of a complete digital multi-loop control strategy for a three-level unidirectional T-type rectifier, intended for EV ultra-fast battery charging. First, an overview of the operational basics of three-level rectifiers is presented and the state-space model of the considered system is derived. A detailed analysis of the mid-point current generation process is also provided, as this aspect is widely overlooked in the literature. In particular, the converter operation under unbalanced split DC-link loads is analyzed and the converter mid-point current limits are analytically identified. Four controllers (i.e., dq-currents, DC-link voltage and DC-link mid-point voltage balancing loops) are designed and their tuning is described step-by-step, taking into account the delays and the discretization introduced by the digital control implementation. Finally, the proposed multi-loop controller design procedure is validated on a 30 kW, 20 kHz T-type rectifier prototype. The control strategy is implemented on a single general purpose microcontroller unit and the performances of all control loops are successfully verified experimentally, simultaneously achieving low input current zero-crossing distortion, high step response and disturbance rejection dynamics, and stable steady-state operation under unbalanced split DC-link loading.

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45

Wang, Yen Ching, Zong Jie Chen, Shang ng Hu, and Tzung Lin Lee. "A power-flow control method for hybrid active front-end converters." International Journal of Power Electronics 4, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpelec.2012.044145.

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46

Hou, Chung-Chuan. "A Multicarrier PWM for Parallel Three-Phase Active Front-End Converters." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 28, no. 6 (June 2013): 2753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2012.2220860.

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47

Radionov, A. A., A. S. Maklakov, and E. A. Karyakina. "Energy-Saving Reversible Electric Drive Based on Active Front End Rectifier and Voltage Source Inverter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.150.

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This paper addresses the issue of functional possibilities of reversible electric drive based on active front end rectifier and voltage source inverter from the point of view of energy saving. This paper will review all theoretical capabilities of reactive power compensation in the supply mains by the active front end rectifiers. The reactive power consumption or generation can be created out by using of active front end converters which connect the electric drive with supply mains. Active front end rectifiers can be actively used in operation of supply mains of enterprise as they are able to provide controlled power factor and bidirectional power flow. The studies by mathematical modeling in the Matlab/Simulink program were carried out. It was established that the controlling of power factor of active front end rectifier can be used for reactive power compensation in supply mains. The huge prospects of energy-saving reversible electric drive integration to the Smart Grid have been determined as it is able to provide high power and capabilities of the controlling reactive power flow by means of active front end rectifier. It can reduce a share of the consumption reactive power from a substation and to improve the power quality.

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48

Burgos, R. P., E. P. Wiechmann, and J. Holtz. "Complex State-Space Modeling and Nonlinear Control of Active Front-End Converters." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 52, no. 2 (April 2005): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2005.843919.

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49

Hou, Chung-Chuan, and Po-Tai Cheng. "Experimental Verification of the Active Front-End Converters Dynamic Model and Control Designs." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 26, no. 4 (April 2011): 1112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2010.2097607.

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Jalili, K., and S. Bernet. "Design of $LCL$ Filters of Active-Front-End Two-Level Voltage-Source Converters." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56, no. 5 (May 2009): 1674–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2008.2011251.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Active-front-end converter'

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