Journal articles: 'Active detectors'

1

Huang, Yujie, Jing Yang, Degang Zhao, Yuheng Zhang, Zongshun Liu, Feng Liang, and Ping Chen. "Role of Vacancy Defects in Reducing the Responsivity of AlGaN Schottky Barrier Ultraviolet Detectors." Nanomaterials 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 3148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183148.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The spectral response properties of AlGaN Schottky barrier detectors with different Al content were investigated. It was found that the responsivity of AlGaN detectors decreases with increase in Al content in AlGaN. It was found that neither dislocation density nor the concentration of carbon and oxygen impurities made any remarkable difference in these AlGaN devices. However, the positron annihilation experiments showed that the concentration of Al or Ga vacancy defects (more likely Ga vacancy defects) in AlGaN active layers increased with the increase in Al content. It is assumed that the Al or Ga vacancy defects play a negative role in a detector’s performance, which increases the recombination of photogenerated carriers and reduces the detector responsivity. It is necessary to control the concentration of vacancy defects for the high performance AlGaN detectors.

2

Izumi, Yoshihiro, and Yasukuni Yamane. "Solid-State X-Ray Imagers." MRS Bulletin 27, no. 11 (November 2002): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2002.278.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

AbstractNew solid-state x-ray imagers known as digital flat-panel x-ray detectors are about to be launched in the field of medical diagnostics. The combination of active-matrix technologies developed for active-matrix liquid-crystal displays and x-ray detection materials constitutes the basis of the detectors. Recently, two kinds of direct-conversion detectors have been developed in order to improve their performance. One is a detector using a thick x-ray photoconductor (∼1 mm) made of amorphous selenium, and the other is a novel hybrid panel detector using an x-ray photoconductor made of polycrystalline Cd(Zn)Te. As a result, excellent resolution and good linear sensitivity have been achieved. These detectors have great promise as next-generation digital imaging systems for fluoroscopy and radiography.

3

Prado, A. R. C., F. S. Bortoli, N. S. Magalhaes, R. N. Duarte, C. Frajuca, and R. C. Souza. "Obtaining the sensitivity of a calibrator for interferometric gravitational wave." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012158.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract Interferometric gravitational wave detectors (IGWD) are a very complex detector, the need to lock the detector in a dark fringe condition besides the vibrations that affect the mirrors, creates the necessity of using active suspension systems. These active systems make the system reach the desired sensitivity but make the calibration of such detectors much more difficult. To solve this problem a calibrator is proposed, a resonant mass gravitational wave detector could be used to detect the same signal in a narrower band and use the measured amplitude to calibrate the IGWD, as resonant mass gravitational wave detectors are easily calibrated. This work aims to obtain the expected sensitivity of such a calibrator by using lumped modelling in such mechanical detectors. The calibrator is modelled as a spring mass system and the sensitivity curve is presented calculated in by a matlab program. The curve shows that using state of art parameters for the detector the final sensitivity is close to the quantum limit and can be used to calibrate the IGWDs.

4

Prado, A. R. C., F. S. Bortoli, N. S. Magalhaes, R. N. Duarte, C. Frajuca, and R. C. Souza. "Modelling a mechanical antenna for a calibrator for interferometric gravitational wave detector using finite elements method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012157.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract Interferometric gravitational wave detectors (IGWD) are a very complex detector, the need to lock the detector in a dark fringe condition besides the vibrations that affect the mirrors, creates the necessity of using active suspension systems. These active systems make the system reach the desired sensitivity but make the calibration of such detectors much more difficult. To solve this problem a calibrator is proposed, a resonant mass gravitational wave detector could be used to detect the same signal in a narrower band and use the measured amplitude to calibrate the IGWD, as resonant mass gravitational wave detectors are easily calibrated. This work aims to design the mechanical antenna of such a calibrator. The main difficulty is to design the calibrator is the frequencies required to make the detection. These massive detectors usually were made in frequencies close to 1 kHz and the frequency range to operate for better sensitivity is around 100 Hz. The antenna is modelled in finite elements method and a design of such an antenna is presented.

5

Patt, B. E., J. S. Iwanczyk, and C. R. Tull. "Characterization of Large-Area Silicon Drift Detectors at High Count Rates." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 728–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036138.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) are being developed for analytical x-ray spectrometry having large active area, high-energy resolution and capability of operating at high counting rates. The development derives from the charged coupled device (CCD) for light-signal imaging, utilizing the extremely low capacitance of the detector and readout electronics and subsequent developments of silicon drift detectors for high-energy physics applications and more recently, x-ray spectroscopy applications. The now well-known advantage of the drift detector design is that, unlike traditional planar detectors, it allows for relatively large active area while still maintaining a very low anode capacitance (60 fF). This low value of detector capacitance results in a lowering of the series-noise component and hence the overall inherent electronic noise. Additionally, the reduction of the series noise leads to faster optimal shaping time, and as a consequence this provides for extremely high count rates.

6

Čerba, Štefan, Branislav Vrban, Jakub Luley, Vendula Filova, and Vladimír Nečas. "Thermal and Fast Neutron Measurement in the STU Mini Labyrinth Experiment." Nuclear Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (April 25, 2024): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/nst.v13i2.424.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The Mini Labyrinth experiment is a neutron and gamma shielding experiment constructed at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU). The STU Mini Labyrinth consists of NEUTRONSTOP shielding, blocks of moderators, various neutron sources, a graphite prism, and the detector handling robot. It was designed for research and education purposes, while several experiments are also available online or a hybrid form. There have been several versions of the Mini Labyrinth developed, while currently the V3 version is available. This paper presents the methodology to effectively perform thermal and fast neutron measurements using a PuBe neutron source. In the experiment presented in this paper also active and passive detectors were used, and moderator materials were investigated to slightly shift the neutron spectrum. As for active detectors, the SNM-11 boron coated corona detector was used. Among passive detectors the CR-39 track detectors were investigated. The measurements were carried out in two configurations and the results were evaluated by simulations using the SCALE6 system

7

Bernat, Robert, Ivana Capan, Luka Bakrač, Tomislav Brodar, Takahiro Makino, Takeshi Ohshima, Željko Pastuović, and Adam Sarbutt. "Response of 4H-SiC Detectors to Ionizing Particles." Crystals 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11010010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

We report the response of newly designed 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diode (SBD) detector prototype to alpha and gamma radiation. We studied detectors of three different active area sizes (1 × 1, 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 mm2), while all detectors had the same 4H-SiC epi-layer thickness of approximately µm, sufficient to stop alpha particles up to 6.8 MeV, which have been used in this study. The detector response to the various alpha emitters in the 3.27 MeV to 8.79 MeV energy range clearly demonstrates the excellent linear response to alpha emissions of the detectors with the increasing active area. The detector response in gamma radiation field of Co-60 and Cs-137 sources showed a linear response to air kerma and to different air kerma rates as well, up to 4.49 Gy/h. The detector response is not in saturation for the dose rates lower than 15.3 mGy/min and that its measuring range for gamma radiation with energies of 662 keV, 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV is from 0.5 mGy/h–917 mGy/h. No changes to electrical properties of pristine and tested 4H-SiC SBD detectors, supported by a negligible change in carbon vacancy defect density and no creation of other deep levels, demonstrates the radiation hardness of these 4H-SiC detectors.

8

Sagatova, Andrea, Bohumir Zatko, Katarina Sedlackova, Marius Pavlovic, Vladimir Necas, Marko Fulop, Michael Solar, and Carlos Granja. "Semi-insulating GaAs detectors with HDPE layer for detection of fast neutrons from D–T nuclear reaction." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 44 (January 2016): 1660233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516602337.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Bulk semi-insulating (SI) GaAs detectors optimized for fast-neutron detection were examined using mono-energetic neutrons. The detectors have an active area of 7.36 mm2 defined by a multi-pixel structure of a AuZn Schottky contact allowing a relatively high breakdown voltage (300 V) sufficient for full depletion of the detector structure. The Schottky contact is covered by a HDPE (high density polyethylene) conversion layer, where neutrons transfer their kinetic energy to hydrogen atoms through elastic nuclear collisions. The detectors were exposed to mono-energetic neutrons generated by a deuterium (D)–tritium (T) nuclear reaction at a Van de Graaff accelerator. Neutrons reached a kinetic energy of 16.8 MeV when deuterons were accelerated by 1 MV potential. The influence of the HDPE layer thickness on the detection efficiency of the fast neutrons was studied. The thickness of the conversion layer varied from 50 [Formula: see text]m to 1300 [Formula: see text]m. The increase of the HDPE layer thickness led to a higher detection efficiency due to higher conversion efficiency of the HDPE layer. The effect of the active detector thickness modified by the detector reverse bias voltage on the detection efficiency was also evaluated. By increasing the detector reverse voltage, the detector active volume expands to the depth and also to the sides, slightly increasing the neutron detection efficiency.

9

Rulaningtyas, S.T., M.T., Dr Riries, Indrawati Apriliyah, and Winarno. "Design of a Fire Location Monitoring System Using Temperature and Smoke Detectors on Sea Ships." Indonesian Applied Physics Letters 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/iapl.v3i2.40988.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A fire location monitoring system is designed in this study to determine the location of a fire on a ship. The inputs used are temperature detectors and smoke detectors. The fire location monitoring system is designed using raspberry pi as a mini pc, temperature detector, smoke detector, alarm and Lazarus as a user interface. The room used as the object of research consists of the control room, steering room, engine room and kitchen room. The type and number of detectors used vary depending on the design of the detector placement in each room. Based on the tests that have been carried out, the fire location monitoring system is able to detect a fire when the temperature or smoke detector is active. In addition, the system is able to show the location of detectors that actively detect fires accompanied by an alarm sound. The average performance of the system in detecting a fire is 93%.

10

Taguchi, Takeyoshi, Christian Brönnimann, and Eric F. Eikenberry. "Next generation X-ray detectors for in-house XRD." Powder Diffraction 23, no. 2 (June 2008): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2912455.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A novel type X-ray detector, called PILATUS, has been developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut in Switzerland during the last decade. PILATUS detectors are two-dimensional hybrid pixel array detectors, which operate in single-photon counting mode. PILATUS detectors feature a very wide dynamic range (1:1 000 000), very short readout time (<3.0 ms), no readout noise, and very high counting rate (>2×106counts/s/pixel). In addition, a lower energy threshold can be set in order to suppress fluorescence background from the sample, thus a very good signal-to-noise ratio is achieved. The combination of these features for area detectors is unique and thus the PILATUS detectors are considered to be the next generation X-ray detectors. The basic building block of all the detectors is the PILATUS module having an active area of 83.8×33.5 mm2. The PILATUS 100K is a complete detector system with one module. PILATUS detector systems can have other configurations, including large area systems consisting of 20 to 60 modules that can cover up to an area of 431×448 mm2. Such large systems are mainly used for macromolecular structure determination, such as protein crystallography and small angle X-ray scattering. The PILATUS 100K detector can be easily adapted to many systems; the single-module detector is integrated to an in-house X-ray diffraction (XRD) system. Examples of XRD measurements with the PILATUS 100K detector are given.

11

Bélier, G., J. Aupiais, G. Sibbens, A. Moens, and D. Vanleeuw. "Use of active scintillating targets in nuclear physics experiments - Measurement of spontaneous fission." EPJ Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819304001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A novel detector has been used, in order to perform measurements of spontaneous fission to α-decay ratios for 240Pu, 242Pu and 252Cf isotopes. The detectors are based on the well-known technique of liquid scintillating counting. The principle and advantages of the use of such detectors in nuclear physics is discussed. The application to the characterization of spontaneous fission is described and it is demonstrated that highly precise measurements are possible, and that the main limit is due to the isotopic content knowledge of the measured samples.

12

Clarke, S. D., M. C. Hamel, M. M. Bourne, and S. A. Pozzi. "Detectors for Active Interrogation Applications." Physics Procedia 90 (2017): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2017.09.006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Das, Biswajit, N. R. Khan Chowdhury, S. Saha, Md R. S. Laskar, F. S. Babra, V. Malik, A. Kundu, et al. "Active Collimator for the BGO Anti-Compton Shield of the HPGe Clover Detector." EPJ Web of Conferences 288 (2023): 10004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328810004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

An active collimator has been designed to replace the heavy metal collimator of the BGO anti-Compton shield to improve the performance of the hybrid Indian National Gamma Array (INGA) at TIFR, Mumbai. The active collimators of the 24 clover detectors, along with the BGO anti-Compton shields and 18 LaBr3(Ce) detectors, can act as a γ-ray multiplicity filter. This configuration will be beneficial for studying weak band structures decaying by high γ-ray multiplicity events. In addition, the energy deposited in all the detectors can be added to get the sum energy for certain measurements aiming to use the hybrid array for calorimetric application. We have characterized an active collimator coupled with one of the anti-Compton shields and an HPGe clover detector with various radioactive sources. The peak-to-total ratio for the active collimator configuration is similar to the standard design with the heavy metal configuration with the 60Co source. Additionally, we have evaluated the Compton cross-talk between the clover HPGe detector and the anti-Compton shield/active collimator. The total multiplicity distribution for a cascade of eleven γ-rays with an energy range of 702000 keV has been obtained through GEANT4 simulation. The simulation results indicate the possibility of conducting a meaningful study of decay chains with a multiplicity of twelve.

14

Kauffmann, Jean-Michel, Nurgul K. Bakirhan, Burcin Bozal-Palabiyik, Bengi Uslu, Rocio Rodriguez Gomez, Marie Vandeput, and Sibel A. Ozkan. "Electrochemical Detectors in Liquid Chromatography: Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis." Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 33 (October 24, 2018): 4050–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170609074826.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to an electrochemical (EC) detector is a complementary analytical tool compared to LC coupled with optical or mass spectrometry detectors (LC-MS). LC-EC can be applied to the determination of molecules difficult to be analyzed by other commercially available detectors. New EC detector design and new working electrode material have extended the scope of application in the field of pharmaceutical compounds analysis. Combining EC with LC-MS offers additional advantages compared to optical detectors in terms of drug stability and drug metabolism mimicry studies. Selected literature devoted to pharmacologically active compounds in their dosage forms, herbal drugs in natural products, drug residues in feed and/or in biological samples are reported in this review.

15

Kang, Hyunki, Saehong Kim, and Jungwon Kang. "Improved Sensitivity of Indirect Organic X-ray Detector Using Ag Nanoparticles Blended in Bulk-Heterojunction Active Layer." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3663.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Blending effect of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in bulk-heterojunction P3HT:PC70BM layer was studied to improve the sensitivity of indirect X-ray detector. Scintillator-decoupled detectors with different contents (1, 3, 5 and 7 wt%) of Ag NPs were fabricated and tested using a solar simulator. Compared with the detector having pristine P3HT:PC70BM layer, the detector with 3 wt% Ag NPs blended in the P3HT:PC70BM layer showed 26% higher PCE and 19% higher Jsc. CsI(Tl) scintillator-coupled detectors were then tested under irradiation of X-ray source. The detector with 3 wt% Ag NPs-blended P3HT:PC70BM layer showed the highest CCD of 350.51 nA/cm2 and the highest sensitivity of 2.20 mA/Gy · cm2. At optimal Ag NPs blending condition, Ag NPs in the P3HT:PC70BM layer can enhance charge-generation by improving absorption of visible-photons and charge-extraction by improving carrier-mobility while lowering resistance.

16

Kurucova, N., A. Šagátová, M. Pavlovič, B. Zaťko, E. Kováčová, P. Boháček, J. Škriniarová, and M. Predanocy. "Experimental analysis of the electric field distribution in semi-insulating GaAs detectors via alpha particles." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 03 (March 1, 2024): C03049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/03/c03049.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract Semi-insulating gallium arsenide (SI GaAs) detectors offer a promising alternative to commercially available silicon detectors. They demonstrate superior radiation hardness and provide improved efficiency for gamma and X-ray detection, primarily attributed to their higher density. In this study, we examined 350 μm thick SI GaAs detectors featuring front-side Ti/Pt/Au Schottky contacts with varying contact areas, complemented by back-side Ni/AuGe/Au ohmic contacts spanning the entire area. First, the reverse current-voltage characteristics of the prepared detectors were measured. The dependence of the reverse current and the breakdown voltage on the Schottky contact area was revealed. As the contact area decreases, the reverse current decreases and the breakdown voltage increases. The detection performance of the detectors was evaluated by alpha spectrometry using an 241Am source. After irradiation of the detectors from the Schottky electrode, the measured alpha spectra show an increasing CCE with decreasing Schottky contact area. Finally, the correlation between the applied bias voltage and the extent of the active detector area from the edge of the detector contact was investigated.

17

De Leo, Veronica, Gerardo Claps, Francesco Cordella, Gabriele Cristoforetti, Leonida Antonio Gizzi, Petra Koester, Danilo Pacella, and Antonella Tamburrino. "Combined Spectroscopy System Utilizing Gas Electron Multiplier and Timepix3 Technology for Laser Plasma Experiments." Condensed Matter 8, no. 4 (November 17, 2023): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat8040098.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

We present an innovative X-ray spectroscopy system to address the complex study of the X-ray emissions arising from laser–target interactions, where the emissions occur within extremely brief intervals from femtoseconds to nanoseconds. Our system combines a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector with a silicon-based Timepix3 (TPX3) detector. These detectors work in tandem, allowing for a spectroscopic radiation analysis along the same line of sight. With an active area of 10 × 10 cm2, the GEM detector allows for 1D measurements for X-ray energies (2–50 keV) by utilizing the full 10 cm gas depth. The high-energy part of the radiation beam exits through a downstream side window of the GEM without being absorbed in the gas volume. Positioned side-on at the GEM detector’s exit, the TPX3 detector, equipped with a pixelated sensor (55 µm × 55 µm; active area 14 mm × 14 mm), uses its full 14 mm silicon sensor to detect hard X-rays (50–500 keV) and gamma rays (0.5–10 MeV). We demonstrate the correct operation of the entire detection system and provide a detailed description of the Timepix3 detector’s calibration procedure, highlighting the suitability of the combined system to work in laser plasma facilities.

18

Kushoro, M. H., M. Rebai, F. La Via, A. Meli, L. Meda, M. Parisi, E. P. Cippo, O. Putignano, A. Trotta, and M. Tardocchi. "Performance of a thick 250 μm silicon carbide detector: stability and energy resolution." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 03 (March 1, 2023): C03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/03/c03007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract Silicon carbide detectors represent an alternative to diamond detectors for fast neutron detection in harsh environments, especially fusion plasmas. Previous studies on thin prototypes (either 10 μm or 100 μm thick) suggested that thicker active volumes might be better suited for spectroscopy measurements, due to the higher chance of retaining the neutron interaction products inside the active volume. Therefore, in this work two 250 μm SiC prototypes are tested with alpha particles following the same process conducted in the past for thinner prototypes. A stable detection is demonstrated, along an energy resolution that, if projected to DT neutrons, could become the lowest achieved so far with a SiC detector (1.3%). Some difficulties in reaching a full depletion are highlighted, as long as perspectives of a partial polarization operation of the detectors.

19

Kim, Sungjoon, Vikas Berry, Jessica Metcalfe, and Anirudha V. Sumant. "Thin film charged particle detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 07 (July 1, 2023): P07047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/p07047.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract Silicon tracking detectors have grown to cover larger surface areas up to hundreds of square meters, and are even taking over other sub-detectors, such as calorimeters. However, further improvements in tracking detector performance are more likely to arise from the ability to make a low mass detector comprised of a high ratio of active sensor to inactive materials, where dead materials include electrical services, cooling, mechanical supports, etc. In addition, the cost and time to build these detectors is currently large. Therefore, advancements in the fundamental technology of tracking detectors may need to look at a more transformative approach that enables extremely large area coverage with minimal dead material and is easier and faster to build. The advancement of thin film fabrication techniques has the potential to revolutionize the next-to-next generation of particle detector experiments. Some thin film deposition techniques have already been developed and widely used in the industry to make LED screens for TVs and monitors. If large area thin film detectors on the order of several square meters can be fabricated with similar performance as current silicon technologies, they could be used in future particle physics experiments. This paper aims to review the key fundamental performance criteria of existing silicon detectors and past research to use thin films and other semi-conductor materials as particle detectors in order to explore the important considerations and challenges to pursue thin film detectors.

20

Alexeev, M., R. Birsa, F. Bradamante, A. Bressan, M. Chiosso, P. Ciliberti, S. Dalla Torre, et al. "Status of COMPASS RICH-1 Upgrade with MPGD-based Photon Detectors." EPJ Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817401004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A Set of new MPGD-based Photon Detectors is being built for the upgrade of COMPASS RICH-1. The detectors cover a total active area of 1.4 m2 and are based on a hybrid architecture consisting of two THGEM layers and a Micromegas. A CsI film on one THGEM acts as a reflective photocathode. The characteristics of the detector, the production of the components and their validation tests are described in detail.

21

Vareille, J. C., B. Barelaud, J. Barthe, J. M. Bordy, G. Curzio, F. d'Errico, J. L. Decossas, et al. "Advanced Detectors for Active Neutron Dosemeters." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 70, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032023.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Marengo, Edwin A., and Jing Tu. "Optical theorem detectors for active scatterers." Waves in Random and Complex Media 25, no. 4 (September 11, 2015): 682–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17455030.2015.1080390.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Sagatova, A., N. Kurucova, V. Necas, E. Kovacova, and B. Zatko. "Spreading of an active region of semi-insulating GaAs detectors after radiation degradation." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 02 (February 1, 2024): C02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/02/c02040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract The radiation hardness of GaAs detectors against high-energy electrons goes up to a few MGy. Their degradation is mainly connected to the decrease of the charge collection efficiency and the increase of the reverse current. On the other hand, an improvement in detection efficiency was observed at low degradation doses. The explanation that this could be caused by an enlargement of the detector active area due to spreading of the collecting electric field caused by radiation-induced defects is studied in this paper. We have used the alpha particles of 241Am, which interact in the GaAs surface layer, to study the enlargement of the detector active region after its degradation by 5 MeV electrons with doses ranging from 24 to 2000 kGy. The results show that the electric field spreads behind the Schottky contact metallization edges not only with increasing applied reverse bias but also with rising cumulative dose of radiation degradation in the dose range from 24 up to 100 kGy, followed by a slight reduction in area size. The electric collecting field keeps larger dimensions than before detector degradation for doses up to 600 kGy. For higher doses than 1000 kGy, the active area of the detector was reduced below its initial size before degradation. Moreover, the improvement of detection efficiency with increasing bias applied becomes weaker with increasing degradation dose. Radiation degradation affects the electric field distribution in semi-insulating GaAs detectors and the results obtained may provide useful knowledge to preparation of multi-pixel GaAs structures for imaging and particle tracking.

24

Gorman, Richard L., Evan Charney, Neil A. Holtzman, and Kenneth B. Roberts. "A Successful City-Wide Smoke Detector Giveaway Program." Pediatrics 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.75.1.14.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Each year, 5,000 Americans die and 300,000 are hospitalized as a result of 2.8 million residential fires. Almost all house fires allow time for safe exit if an early warning is given. Smoke detectors are an effective, reliable, and inexpensive method of providing such warning. After an upsurge of deaths related to fires in 1982, Baltimore City gave away 3,720 smoke detectors to households that requested them. This study addressed two questions: (1) Did the households that received the smoke detectors install them? (2) Was the population reached by this giveaway program a population at high risk from fire? A survey of 231 randomly selected households among those requesting smoke detectors was conducted 8 to 10 months after the giveaway program. At that time, smoke detectors were installed in 92% (212/231) of the homes and 88% (187/212) of the installed smoke detectors were operational. Households requesting smoke detectors were in census tracts at higher risk from fire. The correlation coefficient between the rate of requesting a smoke detector and the risk of death or injury related to fires was r = .90, P < .001. The 231 surveyed households had more personal fire risk factors than the general population. The success of this smoke detector giveaway program is notable in that it required the active participation of a high-risk population.

25

Soares, Sandra, Joaquim Kessongo, Yoenls Bahu, and Luis Peralta. "COMPARISON OF RADON MASS EXHALATION RATE MEASUREMENTS FROM BUILDING MATERIALS BY TWO DIFFERENT METHODS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 191, no. 2 (September 2020): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa163.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract The aim of this study is to measure the radon mass exhalation rate from common granite building materials used in the east and northeast part of Portugal. Twelve cubic shaped samples were measured. Nine of them without any coating and three coated with different materials (varnish, hydrorepellent and liquid silicone). The radon measurements were performed with two different techniques: one using passive detectors and other using an active detector. For the passive method, CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors were used. The active method used the RAD7 DURRIDGE detector. Radon mass exhalation rates obtained from both methods present relatively low values in the 11–45 mBq kg−1 h−1 range for the analysed samples. Concerning the coated samples, the measured values are on average four times lower than the ones without coating. Overall, the measured values for both methods present a good agreement.

26

Boyarintsev, A., A. De Roeck, S. Dolan, A. Gendotti, B. Grynyov, U. Kose, S. Kovalchuk, et al. "Demonstrating a single-block 3D-segmented plastic-scintillator detector." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): P12010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/p12010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract Three-dimensional finely grained plastic scintillator detectors bring many advantages in particle detectors, allowing a massive active target which enables a high-precision tracking of interaction products, excellent calorimetry and a sub-nanosecond time resolution. Whilst such detectors can be scaled up to several-tonnes, as required by future neutrino experiments, a relatively long production time, where each single plastic-scintillator element is independently manufactured and machined, together with potential challenges in the assembly, complicates their realisation. In this manuscript we propose a novel design for 3D granular scintillator detectors where O(1 cm3) cubes are efficiently glued in a single block of scintillator after being produced via cast polymerization, which can enable rapid and cost-efficient detector construction. This work could become particularly relevant for the detectors of the next-generation long-baseline neutrino-oscillation experiments, such as DUNE, Hyper-Kamiokande and ESSnuSB.

27

Won, Jongkyu, Hailiang Liu, and Jungwon Kang. "Improvement of Indirect X-ray Detector Performance by Applying Additive Solvent to the Organic Active-Layer." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 2998–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19131.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

In this paper, we studied how the sensitivity of an indirect X-ray detector was changed by adding the additive solvent DIO to the organic active-layers, such as P3HT:PCBM and PBDB-T:PCBM. The crystallinity and absorbance of the active-layer films were compared with different additive DIO contents. In both active-layers, the highest crystallinity and absorbance were obtained when 3 v% of the DIO was mixed with the active-layer solution. At the same mixing condition of the DIO, the highest sensitivity, of 1.17 mA/Gy · cm2, was obtained for the P3HT:PCBM detector, and the highest sensitivity, 1.87 mA/Gy · cm2, was obtained for the PBDB-T:PCBM detector. Compared to the detector without the DIO, the sensitivities of the detectors with the P3HT:PCBM and PBDB-T:PCBM increased by 18.12% and 20.27%, respectively.

28

Jiang, Maoh Chin, and Bing Jyun Shih. "A Quick Response Power Factor Detector for Nonlinear Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2433.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A fast power factor detector for nonlinear loads is proposed to overcome the drawback of conventional detectors, which can measure only the power factor of linear loads. The design of the proposed detector is based on the concept of additional characteristic of trigonometric function. It does not require any low-pass filter or integrator. Therefore, the transient response of the proposed detector is much faster than that of the conventional detectors. The theoretical response time of the proposed detector is less than one-fourth of a cycle. Because of its promising accuracy and rapid transient response, it can be used in many systems such as the control of power systems, and active power filters, to improve their transient performance. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are also detailed in this paper.

29

Korotaev, S. M., N. M. Budnev, V. O. Serdyuk, E. O. Kiktenko, D. A. Orekhova, and Yu V. Gorokhov. "Macroscopic Nonlocal Correlations in the Data Obtained in New Deep-Water Measurements." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 2 (95) (April 2021): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2021-2-52-70.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Macroscopic nonlocal correlations of random dissipative processes manifest at extremely low frequencies, meaning that observing them involves long-term experiments that maintain highly stable conditions in the detectors. This motivated the Baikal experiment, which investigates correlations between helio-geophysical processes featuring a high random component and test random processes in the detectors installed at various depths in the lake and at a remote land observatory. In the latest year-long experiment series, we focused on the data coming from the bottom detector, the one best protected from classical local interference. The results confirm that correlation with solar activity dominates the detector signal and, at the same time, it is easy to distinguish a forward correlation with thermodynamic activity in the upper active layer of Lake Baikal. The presence of this significant forward nonlocal correlation made it possible to simulate a realistic forecast of the active layer temperature a month ahead. We also detected an unusual diurnal variation in the relatively short-period spectrum of deep-water detector signals, presumably associated with the reemission of solar radiation by the Earth surface

30

Faruqi, A. R., and G. McMullan. "Electronic detectors for electron microscopy." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 44, no. 3 (April 28, 2011): 357–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583511000035.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

AbstractElectron microscopy (EM) is an important tool for high-resolution structure determination in applications ranging from condensed matter to biology. Electronic detectors are now used in most applications in EM as they offer convenience and immediate feedback that is not possible with film or image plates. The earliest forms of electronic detector used routinely in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were charge coupled devices (CCDs) and for many applications these remain perfectly adequate. There are however applications, such as the study of radiation-sensitive biological samples, where film is still used and improved detectors would be of great value. The emphasis in this review is therefore on detectors for use in such applications. Two of the most promising candidates for improved detection are: monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) and hybrid pixel detectors (of which Medipix2 was chosen for this study). From the studies described in this review, a back-thinned MAPS detector appears well suited to replace film in for the study of radiation-sensitive samples at 300 keV, while Medipix2 is suited to use at lower energies and especially in situations with very low count rates.The performance of a detector depends on the energy of electrons to be recorded, which in turn is dependent on the application it is being used for; results are described for a wide range of electron energies ranging from 40 to 300 keV. The basic properties of detectors are discussed in terms of their modulation transfer function (MTF) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) as a function of spatial frequency.

31

Bertuccio, Giuseppe, S. Caccia, Filippo Nava, Gaetano Foti, Donatella Puglisi, Claudio Lanzieri, S. Lavanga, Giuseppe Abbondanza, Danilo Crippa, and F. Preti. "Ultra Low Noise Epitaxial 4H-SiC X-Ray Detectors." Materials Science Forum 615-617 (March 2009): 845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.845.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The design and the experimental results of some prototypes of SiC X-ray detectors are presented. The devices have been manufactured on a 2’’ 4H-SiC wafer with 115 m thick undoped high purity epitaxial layer, which constitutes the detection’s active volume. Pad and pixel detectors based on Ni-Schottky junctions have been tested. The residual doping of the epi-layer was found to be extremely low, 3.7 x 1013 cm-3, allowing to achieve the highest detection efficiency and the lower specific capacitance of the detectors. At +22°C and in operating bias condition, the reverse current densities of the detector’s Schottky junctions have been measured to be between J=0.3 pA/cm2 and J=4 pA/cm2; these values are more than two orders of magnitude lower than those of state of the art silicon detectors. With such low leakage currents, the equivalent electronic noise of SiC pixel detectors is as low as 0.5 electrons r.m.s at room temperature, which represents a new state of the art in the scenario of semiconductor radiation detectors.

32

Agarwala, J., M. Alexeev, C. D. R. Azevedo, F. Bradamante, A. Bressan, M. Büchele, C. Chatterjee, et al. "The COMPASS RICH-1 MPGD based photon detector performance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2374, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012126.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

In 2016 we have upgraded the COMPASS RICH by novel gaseous photon detectors based on MPGD technology. Four new photon detectors, covering a total active area of 1.5 m 2, have been installed in order to cope with the challenging efficiency and stability requirements of the COMPASS physics programme. The new detector architecture consists in a hybrid MPGD combination: two layers of THGEMs, the first of which also acts as a reflective photocathode thanks to CsI coating, are coupled to a bulk Micromegas on a pad-segmented anode. These detectors are the first application in an experiment of MPGD-based single photon detectors. Presently, we are further developing the MPGD-based PDs to make them adequate for a setup at the future EIC collider. All aspects of the COMPASS RICH-1 Photon Detectors upgrade are presented: R&D, engineering, mass production, QA and performance; the on-going development for collider application is also presented.

33

Bui, Thi Ngoc Hang, Matthew Large, Joel Poder, Joseph Bucci, Edoardo Bianco, Raffaele Aaron Giampaolo, Angelo Rivetti, et al. "Preliminary Characterization of an Active CMOS Pad Detector for Tracking and Dosimetry in HDR Brachytherapy." Sensors 24, no. 2 (January 22, 2024): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24020692.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

We assessed the accuracy of a prototype radiation detector with a built in CMOS amplifier for use in dosimetry for high dose rate brachytherapy. The detectors were fabricated on two substrates of epitaxial high resistivity silicon. The radiation detection performance of prototypes has been tested by ion beam induced charge (IBIC) microscopy using a 5.5 MeV alpha particle microbeam. We also carried out the HDR Ir-192 radiation source tracking at different depths and angular dose dependence in a water equivalent phantom. The detectors show sensitivities spanning from (5.8 ± 0.021) × 10−8 to (3.6 ± 0.14) × 10−8 nC Gy−1 mCi−1 mm−2. The depth variation of the dose is within 5% with that calculated by TG-43. Higher discrepancies are recorded for 2 mm and 7 mm depths due to the scattering of secondary particles and the perturbation of the radiation field induced in the ceramic/golden package. Dwell positions and dwell time are reconstructed within ±1 mm and 20 ms, respectively. The prototype detectors provide an unprecedented sensitivity thanks to its monolithic amplification stage. Future investigation of this technology will include the optimisation of the packaging technique.

34

Pugach, M. V., V. M. Dobishuk, V. O. Kyva, O. S. Kovalchuk, V. M. Pugatch, M. A. Teklishyn, and S. B. Chernyshenko. "Quality assessment system for monolithic active micropixel detectors." Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy 24, no. 2 (June 25, 2023): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/jnpae2023.02.154.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A system for quality assessment of micropixel detectors is presented. The system includes a laser scanning microprobe and a setup for studying the response of micro detectors to minimum ionizing particles. The results of the validation of the developed system indicate its suitability for assessing the quality of the latest monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS), promising elements of large-area tracking systems for future high-energy physics experiments. Comparison of MAPS with the double-sided microstrip detectors of the CBM experiment (FAIR, Darmstadt) indicates the feasibility of the upgrade of its Silicon Tracking System using MAPS.

35

Yuvaraj, Monisha, Priyanka Raja, Ann David, Etienne Burdet, Varadhan SKM, and Sivakumar Balasubramanian. "A systematic investigation of detectors for low signal-to-noise ratio EMG signals." F1000Research 12 (April 21, 2023): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.132382.1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Background: Active participation of stroke survivors during robot-assisted movement therapy is essential for sensorimotor recovery. Robot-assisted therapy contingent on movement intention is an effective way to encourage patients' active engagement. For severely impaired stroke patients with no residual movements, a surface electromyogram (EMG) has been shown to be a viable option for detecting movement intention. Although numerous algorithms for EMG detection exist, the detector with the highest accuracy and lowest latency for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) remains unknown. Methods: This study, therefore, investigates the performance of 13 existing EMG detection algorithms on simulated low SNR (0dB and -3dB) EMG signals generated using three different EMG signal models: gaussian, Laplacian, and biophysical model. The detector performance was quantified using the false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), and detection latency. Any detector that consistently showed FPR and FNR of no more than 20%, and latency of no more than 50ms, was considered an appropriate detector for use in robot-assisted therapy. Results: The results indicate that the Modified Hodges detector – a simplified version of the threshold-based Hodges detector introduced in the current study – was the most consistent detector across the different signal models and SNRs. It consistently performed for ~90% and ~40% of the tested trials for 0dB and -3dB SNR, respectively. The two statistical detectors (Gaussian and Laplacian Approximate Generalized Likelihood Ratio) and the Fuzzy Entropy detectors have a slightly lower performance than Modified Hodges. Conclusions: Overall, the Modified Hodges, Gaussian and Laplacian Approximate Generalized Likelihood ratio, and the Fuzzy Entropy detectors were identified as the potential candidates that warrant further investigation with real surface EMG data since they had consistent detection performance on low SNR EMG data.

36

Yuvaraj, Monisha, Priyanka Raja, Ann David, Etienne Burdet, Varadhan SKM, and Sivakumar Balasubramanian. "A systematic investigation of detectors for low signal-to-noise ratio EMG signals." F1000Research 12 (March 25, 2024): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.132382.3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Background Active participation of stroke survivors during robot-assisted movement therapy is essential for sensorimotor recovery. Robot-assisted therapy contingent on movement intention is an effective way to encourage patients’ active engagement. For severely impaired stroke patients with no residual movements, a surface electromyogram (EMG) has been shown to be a viable option for detecting movement intention. Although numerous algorithms for EMG detection exist, the detector with the highest accuracy and lowest latency for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) remains unknown. Methods This study, therefore, investigates the performance of 13 existing EMG detection algorithms on simulated low SNR (0dB and -3dB) EMG signals generated using three different EMG signal models: Gaussian, Laplacian, and biophysical model. The detector performance was quantified using the false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), and detection latency. Any detector that consistently showed FPR and FNR of no more than 20%, and latency of no more than 50ms, was considered an appropriate detector for use in robot-assisted therapy. Results The results indicate that the Modified Hodges detector – a simplified version of the threshold-based Hodges detector introduced in the current study – was the most consistent detector across the different signal models and SNRs. It consistently performed for ~90% and ~40% of the tested trials for 0dB and -3dB SNR, respectively. The two statistical detectors (Gaussian and Laplacian Approximate Generalized Likelihood Ratio) and the Fuzzy Entropy detectors have a slightly lower performance than Modified Hodges. Conclusions Overall, the Modified Hodges, Gaussian and Laplacian Approximate Generalized Likelihood Ratio, and the Fuzzy Entropy detectors were identified as the potential candidates that warrant further investigation with real surface EMG data since they had consistent detection performance on low SNR EMG data.

37

Yuvaraj, Monisha, Priyanka Raja, Ann David, Etienne Burdet, Varadhan SKM, and Sivakumar Balasubramanian. "A systematic investigation of detectors for low signal-to-noise ratio EMG signals." F1000Research 12 (January 30, 2024): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.132382.2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Background Active participation of stroke survivors during robot-assisted movement therapy is essential for sensorimotor recovery. Robot-assisted therapy contingent on movement intention is an effective way to encourage patients’ active engagement. For severely impaired stroke patients with no residual movements, a surface electromyogram (EMG) has been shown to be a viable option for detecting movement intention. Although numerous algorithms for EMG detection exist, the detector with the highest accuracy and lowest latency for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) remains unknown. Methods This study, therefore, investigates the performance of 13 existing EMG detection algorithms on simulated low SNR (0dB and -3dB) EMG signals generated using three different EMG signal models: Gaussian, Laplacian, and biophysical model. The detector performance was quantified using the false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), and detection latency. Any detector that consistently showed FPR and FNR of no more than 20%, and latency of no more than 50ms, was considered an appropriate detector for use in robot-assisted therapy. Results The results indicate that the Modified Hodges detector – a simplified version of the threshold-based Hodges detector introduced in the current study – was the most consistent detector across the different signal models and SNRs. It consistently performed for ~90% and ~40% of the tested trials for 0dB and -3dB SNR, respectively. The two statistical detectors (Gaussian and Laplacian Approximate Generalized Likelihood Ratio) and the Fuzzy Entropy detectors have a slightly lower performance than Modified Hodges. Conclusions Overall, the Modified Hodges, Gaussian and Laplacian Approximate Generalized Likelihood Ratio, and the Fuzzy Entropy detectors were identified as the potential candidates that warrant further investigation with real surface EMG data since they had consistent detection performance on low SNR EMG data.

38

Yuvaraj, Monisha, Priyanka Raja, Ann David, Etienne Burdet, Varadhan SKM, and Sivakumar Balasubramanian. "A systematic investigation of detectors for low signal-to-noise ratio EMG signals." F1000Research 12 (April 18, 2024): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.132382.4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Background Active participation of stroke survivors during robot-assisted movement therapy is essential for sensorimotor recovery. Robot-assisted therapy contingent on movement intention is an effective way to encourage patients’ active engagement. For severely impaired stroke patients with no residual movements, a surface electromyogram (EMG) has been shown to be a viable option for detecting movement intention. Although numerous algorithms for EMG detection exist, the detector with the highest accuracy and lowest latency for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) remains unknown. Methods This study, therefore, investigates the performance of 13 existing EMG detection algorithms on simulated low SNR (0dB and -3dB) EMG signals generated using three different EMG signal models: Gaussian, Laplacian, and biophysical model. The detector performance was quantified using the false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), and detection latency. Any detector that consistently showed FPR and FNR of no more than 20%, and latency of no more than 50ms, was considered an appropriate detector for use in robot-assisted therapy. Results The results indicate that the Modified Hodges detector – a simplified version of the threshold-based Hodges detector introduced in the current study – was the most consistent detector across the different signal models and SNRs. It consistently performed for ~90% and ~40% of the tested trials for 0dB and -3dB SNR, respectively. The two statistical detectors (Gaussian and Laplacian Approximate Generalized Likelihood Ratio) and the Fuzzy Entropy detectors have a slightly lower performance than Modified Hodges. Conclusions Overall, the Modified Hodges, Gaussian and Laplacian Approximate Generalized Likelihood Ratio, and the Fuzzy Entropy detectors were identified as the potential candidates that warrant further investigation with real surface EMG data since they had consistent detection performance on low SNR EMG data.

39

Chai, Shi Jie, Zhong Xiang Tong, and Chao Zhe Wang. "A Study of Method on Evaluation of Aircraft's IR Image Stealth Effectiveness." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1651.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Drawing up evaluation indexes is key of Evaluation of aircrafts IR stealth effectiveness. To solve the problem of high costs and great difficulties in indexs validation experiment, this paper was using method of computer simulation to obtain images and computer judging to evaluating quantitatively of Aircrafts stealth effectiveness. Closely integrating with IR detectors recognition mechanism, the evaluation indexes were determined that can assess IR stealth effectiveness quantitatively when aircraft adopts different stealth technics, different interference measures, and confronts different IR detectors. These evaluation indexes overcome the shortcomings in current assessment, such as impacted greater by detector performance, can not reflect active IR stealths action, e.g. IR decoys interference, and deviate large from IR detectors self-recognition and target tracking result.

40

Collins, Clair, Neil Rowlands, Peter Statham, and James Holland. "New Large Area Silicon Drift Detectors - Fast Analysis without Compromise." Microscopy Today 17, no. 1 (January 2009): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500054936.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Recent advances in silicon drift detector (SDD) design have set a new benchmark for Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Not only do these detectors offer all the benefits users have come to expect from SDD—high count rates, liquid nitrogen-free analysis and excellent resolution—but large active areas and unique technology allow the user to collect EDS data at normal imaging beam currents and lower accelerating voltages in seconds.Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) has been used for many years to analyse the chemical composition of materials. Historically, EDS detectors used a bulk silicon crystal drifted with lithium. Although such Si(Li) detectors had exceptionally good performance, they had limited count rate capability and operated at very low temperatures thus requiring cooling with liquid nitrogen.

41

Garcia Yip, F., T. Schneider, M. Reginatto, R. Behrens, L. Buermann, and F. Grote. "Characterization of small active detectors for electronic brachytherapy dosimetry." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): P03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/03/p03001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract Three active detectors, Exradin A26 chamber, IBA RAZOR Nano chamber, and PTW 60019 microDiamond, were characterized for their use in electronic BrachyTherapy (eBT) dosimetry. The detectors were calibrated in terms of air kerma using the ISO “N” (narrow) and “TW” (therapy) X-rays series from 7.5 kV to 100 kV. The responses to mono-energetic photons and their uncertainties were determined with Bayesian parameter estimation, assuming a model that incorporated smoothness via a spline function. The response functions obtained this way are consistent with 18 calibration qualities simultaneously. This approach improves on the traditional procedure of associating the response to the mean energy of the corresponding spectra. The energy responses (with uncertainties) were obtained in 0.25 keV energy steps from 6 keV to 70 keV. With differences in magnitude due to their sizes and the nature of their active volumes, the energy responses of the 3 detectors follow a similar relative behaviour. Even when the response is far from flat at low energies, i.e. below about 20 keV, the determination of reliable energy dependence curves enables the use of these detectors for dosimetry in the vicinity of eBT units. The angular dependence of the three detectors with respect to beam incidence was also measured in air in a 180° range in steps of 10° using the Zeiss INTRABEAM system (50 kV). For both energy and angular response characterization, the detectors axis were aligned in parallel with the beam axis (end-on), since this is the expected orientation in further measurements of absorbed dose distribution in water around eBT sources at PTB. This work is an effort to provide traceability for detectors and measurement procedures for the determination of 3D dose distributions as part of the ongoing European EMPIR project “Primary standards and traceable measurement methods for X-ray emitting electronic brachytherapy devices” (PRISM-eBT)”.

42

Gu, Yifan, Youwei Kang, Zeyuan Fang, Xin Liao, and Shanjun Tang. "Research on Asynchronous Information Fusion Technology of the Distributed Active/Passive Imaging Detection System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2489, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2489/1/012040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract In the process of target cooperative tracking of the distributed multi-imaging detection system, aiming at the problem of asynchronous measurement information from different detectors, a distributed Asynchronous and Heterogeneous Information Matrix Fusion algorithm based on the Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF-AHIMF) is proposed. According to the Local Detector Driven Communication (LDDC) method and CKF nonlinear mapping, IMF distributed fusion algorithm is generalized into nonlinear, asynchronous, and heterogeneous cases to integrate the information from a multi-imaging detection system and to obtain global high-precision target trajectory. Through the digital simulation, it is verified that the CKF-AHIMF algorithm under the LDDC method proposed in this paper is more effective and has higher tracking accuracy than other distributed fusion algorithms in dealing with the problem of target cooperative tracking under asynchronous information from local imaging detectors, which is also valid to implement in precision detection and guidance system.

43

Gouda, Mona, Mohamed Badawi, Ahmed El-Khatib, Nancy Hussien, and Mahmoud Abbas. "Calculation of NaI(Tl) detector full-energy peak efficiency using the efficiency transfer method for small radioactive cylindrical sources." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 31, no. 2 (2016): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1602150g.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A direct analytical mathematical method is introduced to calculate the efficiency of gamma ray cylindrical detectors. The efficiency expression is deduced through a straightforward mathematical approach. The presented method is based on the accurate analytical calculation of the average path length covered by the photon within the detector's active volume, effective solid angle, and the efficiency transfer method in an integral form, so as to obtain a simple formula for the detection efficiency. In addition, the self-attenuation coefficient of the source matrix, the attenuation factors of the source container (with a radius smaller than the detector radius) and the detector housing materials are also treated by calculating the average path length within these materials. 152Eu aqueous radioactive sources covering the energy range from 121 keV to 1408 keV were used. Remarkable agreement between the measured and the calculated efficiencies was achieved, with discrepancies less than 6 %.

44

Barkan, Shaul, Valeri D. Saveliev, Jan S. Iwanczyk, Liangyuan Feng, Carolyn R. Tull, Bradley E. Patt, Dale E. Newbury, John A. Small, and Nestor J. Zaluzec. "A New Improved Silicon Multi-Cathode Detector (SMCD) for Microanalysis and X-Ray Mapping Applications." Microscopy Today 12, no. 6 (November 2004): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500065962.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A silicon multi-cathode detector (SMCD) has been developed for microanalysis and x-ray mapping applications. The SMCD has a large active area (∼0.5 cm2), excellent energy resolution, and high count rate capability. The detector utilizes novel structures that have produced very low dark current, high electric field, uniform charge collection, low noise and high sensitivity to low energy x-rays. The detector's spectral response was evaluated using a 55Fe radioisotope source, as well as by fluorescing materials with an x-ray generator. Figure 1 shows a 55Fe spectrum with an energy resolution of 125 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV collected at 12 μs peaking time. This energy resolution has been repeatably measured on many different detectors. To evaluate the high count rate x-ray performance, which is very important for fast x-ray mapping, a Cu sample was fluoresced using a Rh-anode x-ray tube.

45

Wang, Senmiao, Sujuan Qin, Jiawei Qin, Hua Zhang, Tengfei Tu, Zhengping Jin, and Jing Guo. "KRDroid: Ransomware-Oriented Detector for Mobile Devices Based on Behaviors." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 6557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146557.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Ransomware has become a serious threat on Android and new cases of ransomware are continuously growing. Most existing ransomware detectors use sensitive text or APIs to detect ransomware. Some goodware applications with the functionalities of locking screen and encrypting files have similar behaviors with ransomware. It is difficult for ransomware detectors to identity them. In this paper, we made detailed analyses of three kinds of active ransomware. We proposed a behavior-based ransomware detector on Android, called KRDroid. KRDroid deploys on servers or PCs, that is, ransomware cannot be activated and cause any loss during testing. Experiments showed that our ransomware-oriented detector can find 1809 of 1862 unseen ransomware. It can also distinguish goodware with similar ransom behaviors to ransomware with an accuracy of 97.5%.

46

Ma, Xin-Hua, Yu-Jiang Bi, Zhen Cao, Ming-Jun Chen, Song-Zhan Chen, Yao-Dong Cheng, Guang-Hua Gong, et al. "Chapter 1 LHAASO Instruments and Detector technology *." Chinese Physics C 46, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 030001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/ac3fa6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) (Fig. 1) is located at Mt. Haizi (4410 m a.s.l., 600 g/cm2, 29° 21’ 27.56” N, 100° 08’ 19.66” E) in Daocheng, Sichuan province, P.R. China. LHAASO consists of 1.3 km2 array (KM2A) of electromagnetic particle detectors (ED) and muon detectors (MD), a water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) with a total active area of 78,000 m2, 18 wide field-of-view air Cherenkov telescopes (WFCTA) and a newly proposed electron-neutron detector array (ENDA) covering 10,000 m2. Each detector is synchronized with all the other through a clock synchronization network based on the White Rabbit protocol. The observatory includes an IT center which comprises the data acquisition system and trigger system, the data analysis facility. In this Chapter, all the above-mentioned components of LHAASO as well as infrastructure are described.

47

Carini, G. A., W. Chen, Z. Li, P. Rehak, D. P. Siddons, J. Patel, S. E. Steen, and W. Haensch. "Monolithic active-matrix silicon X-ray detectors." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 64, a1 (August 23, 2008): C162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767308094774.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Steuernagel, Ole, and Herschel Rabitz. "Time-resolved quantum measurements using active detectors." Physical Review A 57, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 1329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.57.1329.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Povoli, M., A. Bagolini, M. Boscardin, G. F. Dalla Betta, G. Giacomini, E. Vianello, and N. Zorzi. "Development of planar detectors with active edge." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 658, no. 1 (December 2011): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.04.050.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Zimmermann, Sergio. "Active microphonic noise cancellation in radiation detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 729 (November 2013): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.06.060.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Active detectors'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles